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Статті в журналах з теми "Rare-earth doped phosphors"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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1

Xiong, H. H., C. Zhu, X. Zhao, Z. Q. Wang, and H. Lin. "Rare Earth Doped Lanthanum Calcium Borate Polycrystalline Red Phosphors." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/819057.

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Single-phased Sm3+doped lanthanum calcium borate (SmxLa2−xCaB10O19, SLCB,x=0.06) polycrystalline red phosphor was prepared by solid-state reaction method. The phosphor has two main excitation peaks located at 398.5 nm and 469.0 nm, which are nicely in accordance with the emitting wavelengths of commercial near-UV and blue light emitting diode chips. Under the excitation of 398.0 nm, the dominant red emission of Sm3+in SLCB phosphor is centered at 598.0 nm corresponding to the transition of4G5/2 → 6H7/2. The Eu3+fluorescence in the red spectral region is applied as a spectroscopic probe to reveal the local site symmetry in the host lattice and, hence, Judd-Ofelt parametersΩt (t=2, 4)of Eu3+in the phosphor matrix are derived to be3.62×10-20and1.97×10-20 cm2, indicating a high asymmetrical and strong covalent environment around rare earth luminescence centers. Herein, the red phosphors are promising good candidates employed in white light emitting diodes (LEDs) illumination.

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2

Suresh, K., K. V. R. Murthy, Ch Atchyutha Rao, and N. V. Poornachandra Rao. "Rare Earth Doped Alkali Earth Sulfide Phosphors for White-Light LEDs." ISRN Condensed Matter Physics 2011 (January 19, 2011): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/392917.

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CaS:Eu and SrS:Eu phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reaction. The effects of doping concentrations on luminescent properties of phosphors are investigated. The samples are excited using electroluminescent blue light emitting diode (460 nm) to examine them as potential coating phosphors for white-light LEDs. The excitation and emission spectra of these phosphors are broadband which can be viewed as the typical emission of Eu2+ ascribed to the 4f–5d transitions. Because of their broadband absorption in the region 400–630 nm, these phosphors meet the application requirements for blue LED chips. A white-light LED was fabricated through the integration of a 460 nm chip. The results indicate that these phosphors can be considered as candidates for the application in blue LED chip-based white-light LEDs.

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3

Jung, Jae-Yong. "Luminescent Color-Adjustable Europium and Terbium Co-Doped Strontium Molybdate Phosphors Synthesized at Room Temperature Applied to Flexible Composite for LED Filter." Crystals 12, no. 4 (April 15, 2022): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12040552.

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In this study, terbium and europium rare-earth ions were single-doped and co-doped to synthesized SoMoO4 phosphor at room temperature. The samples prepared synthesized crystalline SrMoO4 powder by the co-precipitation. Samples had a tetragonal structure in XRD analysis and d(112) spacing was changed by rare-earth doping. As the amount of rare earth added increased, a secondary phase appeared, and the structure changed. The synthesized SrMoO4:Tb3+ phosphors showed a green light emission at 544 nm under 287 nm, SrMoO4:Eu3+ phosphors showed a red light emission at 613 nm under 290 nm, and SrMoO4:[Eu3+]/[Tb3+] phosphor showed a yellow-white light emission at 544 and 613 nm when excited at 287 nm. The synthesized phosphor exhibited a change in green and red luminescence intensity based on the amount of Eu3+ doped and showed strong red luminescence as the Eu3+ doping increased. To use the SrMoO4:[Eu3+]/[Tb3+] phosphor with these characteristics in an LED color filter, a flexible composite prepared by mixing with PDMS showed green, red, and yellow-white emission under a UV-lamp.

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4

Moine, B., and G. Bizarri. "Rare-earth doped phosphors: oldies or goldies?" Materials Science and Engineering: B 105, no. 1-3 (December 2003): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2003.08.004.

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5

Xie, Rong Jun, Mamoru Mitomo та Naoto Hirosaki. "Luminescence Properties of Rare-Earth Doped α-SiAlONs". Key Engineering Materials 317-318 (серпень 2006): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.317-318.797.

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Rare-earth doped Ca-α-SiAlON phosphors, with the compositions of (Ca1-3/2xREx)m/2Si12-m-nAlm+nOnN16-n (RE = Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb and Dy, 0.5 ≤ m = 2n ≤ 3.0), were prepared by reaction at 1700oC for 2h under 10 atm N2. The concentration of rare earths varied from 3 to 30 at% with respect to Ca. The photoluminescence properties of the powders were investigated at room temperature. The results show that (i) strong visible emissions are observed in rare-earth doped Ca-α-SiAlONs; (ii) the emission properties can be optimized by tailoring the activator concentration and the composition of the α-SiAlON host crystal; and (iii) the yellow Eu2+-doped Ca-α-SiAlON phosphors can be used in warm white LEDs.

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6

Psuja, P., D. Hreniak, and W. Strek. "Rare-Earth Doped Nanocrystalline Phosphors for Field Emission Displays." Journal of Nanomaterials 2007 (2007): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/81350.

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The cathodoluminescence properties of rare-earth (RE = Ce, Eu, Tb) doped nanocrystalline phosphors (Y2O3,Y3Al5O12) were investigated. Their structure and morphology were determined and correlated with optical properties. The effect of grain sizes on emission yield of RE doped nanophosphors has been investigated. A possibility of application of RE doped nanophosphors for efficient field emission display (FED) devices has been discussed.

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7

Shmulovich, J., G. W. Berkstresser, C. D. Brandle, and A. Valentino. "Single‐Crystal Rare‐Earth‐Doped Yttrium Orthosilicate Phosphors." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 135, no. 12 (December 1, 1988): 3141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2095518.

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8

Puppalwar, S. P., S. J. Dhoble, and Animesh Kumar. "Photoluminescence in rare earth-doped complex hexafluoride phosphors." Luminescence 27, no. 1 (July 8, 2011): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1322.

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9

Wang, Xiangfu, Qing Liu, Yanyan Bu, Chun-Sheng Liu, Tao Liu, and Xiaohong Yan. "Optical temperature sensing of rare-earth ion doped phosphors." RSC Advances 5, no. 105 (2015): 86219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra16986k.

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Optical temperature sensing is a promising method to achieve the contactless temperature measurement and large-scale imaging. The current status of optical thermometry of rare-earth ions doped phosphors is reviewed in detail.

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10

Tatte, S. P., N. S. Dhoble, G. C. Mishra, and S. J. Dhoble. "Synthesis characterization and Luminescence Properties of B₂BiMg₂V₃O₁₂ based phosphors with rare earth activated Dy³⁺ phosphor for solid state lighting." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1258, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1258/1/012016.

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Highly new efficient vanadate based phosphor B2BiMg2V3O12 (B= K & Na) material incapacitated through rare-earth Dysprosium (Dy) and it was characterized by high temperature solid-state synthesis. Equipped phosphor was established by X-ray diffraction method. In Photo-luminescence measurements shows that the prepared phosphors doped by Dy is excited by near UV ultraviolet light reaching after 300 nm to 380 nm efficiently acceptable to recognize the emission in visible spectrum (in the range 400 nm –570 nm. The highly efficient prepared phosphor doped with lanthanide doped with Dy phosphor likewise showed the exact emission point at 487 nm and 571 nm at the excitation point at 325 nm. Hence, these prepared phosphors can find numerous applications as green emitting phosphor in the field of solid-state lighting area.

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11

Yen, Clive H., and Rui Cheong. "Application of Green Solvents for Rare Earth Element Recovery from Aluminate Phosphors." Minerals 11, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030287.

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Two processes applying green solvents for recovering rare earth elements (REEs) from different types of aluminate phosphors are demonstrated in this report. For magnesium aluminate-type phosphors, a pretreatment with peroxide calcination was implemented first, and then followed by a supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process. Supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) provides an effective and green medium for extracting REEs from dry materials. With the addition of a complex agent, tri-n-butyl phosphate-nitric acid complex, highly efficient and selective extraction of REEs using supercritical carbon dioxide can be achieved. The highest extraction efficiency was 92% for europium from the europium doped barium magnesium aluminate phosphor (BAM), whereas the highest extraction selectivity was more than 99% for the REEs combined from the trichromatic phosphor. On the other hand, for strontium aluminate type phosphors, a direct acid leaching process is suggested. It was found out that acetic acid, which is considerably green, could have high recovery rate for dysprosium (>99%) and europium (~83%) from this strontium aluminate phosphor materials. Nevertheless, both green processes showed promising results and could have high potential for industrial applications.

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12

MADHUKUMAR, K., K. RAJENDRA BABU, K. C. AJITH PRASAD, J. JAMES, T. S. ELIAS, V. PADMANABHAN, and C. M. K. NAIR. "LUMINESCENCE STUDIES OF RARE EARTH DOPED CALCIUM ALUMINATE PHOSPHORS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 12 (May 10, 2007): 1971–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207037223.

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Photoluminescence (PL) and Thermoluminescence (TL) properties of Cerium ( Ce 3+) and Terbium ( Tb 3+) singly doped and multidoped monocalcium aluminate phosphors are studied. The suitability of monocalcium aluminate material as a luminescent host is analyzed. The nature of trap centers and the possibility of energy transfer between the dopant ions are discussed. The suitability of the material for radiation dosimetry application is also studied.

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13

Anishia, S. R., M. T. Jose, O. Annalakshmi, V. Ponnusamy, and V. Ramasamy. "Dosimetric properties of rare earth doped LiCaBO3 thermoluminescence phosphors." Journal of Luminescence 130, no. 10 (October 2010): 1834–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2010.04.019.

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14

Sahu, Pailendra Kumar, Meera Ramrakhiani, and Sadhana Agrawal. "Photoluminescence Studies of Rare Earth Doped Apatite Structured Phosphors." Journal of Fluorescence 29, no. 5 (September 2019): 1249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10895-019-02439-4.

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15

Ekambaram, S., and K. C. Patil. "Synthesis and properties of rare earth doped lamp phosphors." Bulletin of Materials Science 18, no. 7 (November 1995): 921–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02745285.

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16

Madhukumar, K., K. Rajendra Babu, K. C. Ajith Prasad, J. James, T. S. Elias, V. Padmanabhan, and C. M. K. Nair. "Thermoluminescence dosimetry of rare earth doped calcium aluminate phosphors." Bulletin of Materials Science 29, no. 2 (April 2006): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02704603.

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17

Schwarz, L., A. M. Gurvich, S. I. Golovkova, D. Starick, and G. Herzog. "Rare earth doped oxyhalide phosphors for X-ray conversion." Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 21, no. 1 (January 1993): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(93)90041-7.

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18

Atchyutha Rao, Ch, and K. V. R. Murthy. "SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND PHOTOLUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES OF EU3+DOPED CALCIUM SILICATE PHOSPHOR BY CONVENTIONAL SOLID STATE REACTION METHOD." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 762–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12209.

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Calcium Silicate phosphor acquires a higher luminous efficiency when it is doped with rare earth activated ions. Silicate phosphors are used for a fluorescent, a cathode-ray tube, a luminous body, a vacuum ultraviolet excitation light emitting element etc. The silicates of calcium are known for their thermal stability, high temperature strength, low thermal expansion, cheep residence and chemical inertness. The present paper reports on the synthesis, characterization and photoluminescence properties of Eu3+ doped calcium silicate phosphor prepared by conventional solid state reaction method heating at 12000C for 3 hrs. The received cakes are grounded for 30 minutes each. The phosphors are prepared and the received powder is subjected to PL, XRD, SEM, EDAX and CIE analysis. The following section discusses and the experimental results are mentioned in these phosphors. The present Phosphor can act as a host for red light emission in many display devices and technological applications.

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19

Atchyutha Rao, Ch, and K. V. R. Murthy. "SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND PHOTOLUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES OF EU3+DOPED CALCIUM SILICATE PHOSPHOR BY CONVENTIONAL SOLID STATE REACTION METHOD." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 762–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12209.

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Calcium Silicate phosphor acquires a higher luminous efficiency when it is doped with rare earth activated ions. Silicate phosphors are used for a fluorescent, a cathode-ray tube, a luminous body, a vacuum ultraviolet excitation light emitting element etc. The silicates of calcium are known for their thermal stability, high temperature strength, low thermal expansion, cheep residence and chemical inertness. The present paper reports on the synthesis, characterization and photoluminescence properties of Eu3+ doped calcium silicate phosphor prepared by conventional solid state reaction method heating at 12000C for 3 hrs. The received cakes are grounded for 30 minutes each. The phosphors are prepared and the received powder is subjected to PL, XRD, SEM, EDAX and CIE analysis. The following section discusses and the experimental results are mentioned in these phosphors. The present Phosphor can act as a host for red light emission in many display devices and technological applications.

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20

Wi, Jung-Hyun, Jae-Yong Jung, and Sang-Geon Park. "Synthesis of Rare-Earth-Doped Strontium Tungstate Phosphor at Room Temperature and Applied Flexible Composite." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 8922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248922.

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In this study, we successfully synthesized rare-earth-doped crystalline SrWO4 at room temperature by co-precipitation. The results from the X-ray diffraction analysis showed a main diffraction peak related to the (112) plane. Phosphors doped with either Dy3+ or Sm3+ ions showed strong light absorption in the UV region and blue-yellow and red light emission. To synthesize a white light phosphor, Dy3+ and Sm3+ ions were co-doped to produce a SrWO4:[Sm3+]/[Dy3+] phosphor. When the Sm3+ ion concentration was increased and the Dy3+ concentration was maintained, the red light intensity increased while the blue-yellow light intensity decreased. The composites were combined with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and a flexible composite material was fabricated. The composite exhibited various luminescence properties under UV and visible light, which suggested its potential for use as an LED color filter.

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21

Dwivedi, A., A. Roy, and S. B. Rai. "Photoluminescence behavior of rare earth doped self-activated phosphors (i.e. niobate and vanadate) and their applications." RSC Advances 13, no. 24 (2023): 16260–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra00629h.

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22

Liang, Boxin, Shuangping Yi, Gengqiao Hu, Zhixiong Fang, and Zhengfa Hu. "Synthesis and Research of rare earth-doped color tunable Sr3Gd(PO4)3 phosphors." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 18 (July 20, 2019): 1950201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219502011.

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Rare earth-doped Sr3Gd(PO4)3 and emission color tunable phosphors Ce[Formula: see text]/Sm[Formula: see text] co-doped Sr3Gd(PO4)3 have been synthesized by a traditional solid-state method. These phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FE-SEM, diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), photoluminescence spectra and lifetime measurements. The quenching concentration of Ce[Formula: see text] ions in Sr3Gd(PO4)3 was about 9 mol.%. An effective energy transfer (ET) from Ce[Formula: see text] ions to Sm[Formula: see text] ions in Sr3Gd(PO4)3 was speculated by the overlapped spectrum for the emission peak of Ce[Formula: see text] and the excitation peak of Sm[Formula: see text] ions. It is demonstrated that the ET mechanism is resonant through the dipole–dipole interaction and the critical distance between Ce[Formula: see text] and Sm[Formula: see text] in Sr3Gd(PO[Formula: see text] is calculated to 15.22 Å. Moreover, Sr3Gd[Formula: see text](PO4)3:0.09Ce[Formula: see text], xSm[Formula: see text] can be adjusted systematically by generating blue light to white light in the CIE diagram which coincide with the ET process of Ce[Formula: see text] ions to Sm[Formula: see text] ions. The Sr3Gd[Formula: see text](PO4)3:0.09Ce[Formula: see text], 0.01Sm[Formula: see text] phosphor also perform at a good thermal stability. All of these experimental results in this work can be served as a potential multicolor tunable phosphor for ultraviolet pumped white light appliance.

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23

Yuan, Rui, Meng Huang, Fei Zheng, Qian-Li Li, Zhan Xu, Jian-Feng Hu, Jun Zou, Woochul Yang, Zhi-Jun Zhang, and Jing-Tai Zhao. "Rapid, convenient and low-energy preparation of spherical rare earth doped YAG phosphors by a laser sintering method." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 42 (2019): 13070–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc04230j.

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24

Wakihara, Toru, Yuri Saito, Junichi Tatami, Katsutoshi Komeya, Takeshi Meguro, Yumi Fukuda, Naotoshi Matsuda та Hironori Asai. "Synthesis and Characterization of β-SiAlON Phosphor Powder Prepared by Reduction Nitridation of a Zeolite". Key Engineering Materials 403 (грудень 2008): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.403.141.

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Rare-earth activated oxynitride or nitride luminescent materials have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications as phosphors and pigments. Eu2+-doped -sialon has been reported to represent a new class of green phosphors with high efficiency. In this study, -sialon phosphor was synthesized by reduction nitridation of a zeolite. Eu ion-exchanged zeolite was fired at 1400 °C for 1 hour under NH3 gas containing 0.5 vol%C3H8. As a result, formation of -sialon with green emission under UV irradiation was confirmed.

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25

Tan, Mei Chee, Dominik J. Naczynski, Prabhas V. Moghe, and Richard E. Riman. "Engineering the Design of Brightly-Emitting Luminescent Nanostructured Photonic Composite Systems." Australian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 9 (2013): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13221.

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Rare-earth doped infrared emitting composites have extensive applications in integrated optical devices such as fibre amplifiers and waveguides for telecommunications, remote sensing, and optoelectronics. In addition, recent advancements in infrared optical imaging systems have expanded the biomedical applications for infrared-emitting composites in diagnosis and imaging of living tissue systems both in vitro and in vivo. Composite systems combine the advantages of polymers (light weight, flexibility, good impact resistance, improved biomedical compatibility, and excellent processability) and inorganic phosphor host materials (low phonon energy, intense emissions, chemical durability, and high thermal stability). This paper provides a brief review of our research progress in the design and synthesis of luminescent photonic nanocomposite systems comprised of rare-earth doped particulates dispersed in a continuous polymeric matrix. The design of brightly-emitting rare-earth doped materials and the influence of host and dopant chemistries on the emission properties are discussed. Methods used to assess and measure the phosphors’ performance are also evaluated in this work. This paper will also examine the solvothermal synthesis method used to control the physical and chemical characteristics of the rare-earth doped particles, and how these characteristics impact the infrared optical properties. Also presented here are recent advances reported with luminescent nanocomposite systems fabricated for optical waveguides and biomedical imaging.

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26

Uheda, Kyota. "Application of Nitride and Oxynitride Compounds to Various Phosphors for White LED." Key Engineering Materials 403 (December 2008): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.403.15.

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Multiternary nitride and oxynitride compounds doped with rare earth ions, such as Eu2+ and Ce3+ have been enthusiastically applied as various phosphors to white LED. New red and green phosphors, CaAlSiN3:Eu and Ba3Si6O12N2:Eu, have been successfully synthesized, recently. The red phosphor has intense emission around 650 nm under two different irradiations at 405 and 455 nm from blue- and near UV-LED chips, respectively; while strong emission is observed around 520 nm from the green phosphor. Both phosphors also show small thermal quenching over the temperatures up to 150 °C. In addition, both LaSi3N5:Ce and La3Si8O4N11:Ce in lanthanum silicon nitride and oxynitride were examined as candidates for a blue phosphor in white LED with near UV-LED chip.

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27

Wang, Lei, Zhaoxiang Dai, Rulong Zhou, Bingyan Qu, and Xiao Cheng Zeng. "Understanding the quenching nature of Mn4+ in wide band gap inorganic compounds: design principles for Mn4+ phosphors with higher efficiency." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 25 (2018): 16992–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp02569j.

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28

Bian, Taiyu, Tianhong Zhou, and Yang Zhang. "Preparation and Applications of Rare-Earth-Doped Ferroelectric Oxides." Energies 15, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 8442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228442.

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Ferroelectric oxides possess abundant fascinating physical functionalities, such as electro-optic, acousto-optic, and nonlinear optical characteristics, etc. However, most pristine ferroelectric oxides exhibit no efficient luminescent properties due to the indirect and wide bandgap. Rare-earth-doped phosphors demonstrate advantages such as sharp emission bandwidths, large Stokes shift, high photonstability, and low toxicity. The combination of rare-earth ions and ferroelectric oxides has shown great potential in optical sensing, lighting, solar cells, and other applications. Rare-earth-doped ferroelectric oxides exhibit efficient upconversion or downconversion luminescence in the range of ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR) regions. In this article, the preparation process of rare-earth-doped ferroelectric oxides and the preparation methods of thin films are introduced. Their recent applications in optical sensing, lighting, and solar cells are highlighted. The review concludes with a brief summary of all related branches and discusses the potential direction of this field.

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29

Kong, Zhe, Hong Bo Wang, Er Pan Zhang, Tao Qiu, Jun Zhang, and Zhen Guo Ji. "Dy³⁺ Doping Blue-Green Sr₄Al₁₄O₂₅:Eu²⁺ Phosphor for Enhancing Luminescent Properties and the Mechanism Study." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.562.

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Dy3+ doped blue-green Eu2+ doped strontium aluminate (Sr4Al14O25:Eu2+) phosphor was prepared using a high temperature solid state method and the influence of the doped Dy3+ on the luminescent properties was studied using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and a series of other characterization methods. It is found that Dy3+ doping can enhance the luminescent intensity and extend the afterglow time. The luminescent mechanism of rare earth ions doped strontium aluminate phosphor was also discussed deeply, the effects of the doping amount on the luminescent properties has been made detailed explanation and description. This work has important theoretical significance for the development of higher brightness and longer afterglow blue-green phosphors.

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30

Silvestri, Andrea, Maria Laura Ligabue, Gianluca Malavasi, and Gigliola Lusvardi. "Preparation and Luminescence Properties of Ba5Si8O21 Long Persistent Phosphors Doped with Rare-Earth Elements." Materials 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12010183.

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The phosphors of formula Ba5Si8O21:Eu2+,Dy3+ were synthesized and studied in order to improve their properties. Their synthesis conditions were evaluated as a function of precursors, crucible composition, flux agents, dopants and temperatures. The samples were characterised by means of a systematic investigation through elemental, kinetic, mineralogical (both qualitative and quantitative), and morphological analysis. This study allows for a careful evaluation of the parameters that influence the formation and properties of Ba5Si8O21:Eu2+,Dy3+ phosphors. As for the synthesis conditions, the use of Na2SiO3, BaCO3 and NH4Cl as precursors was very important to reduce the temperature and time of synthesis. The reducing atmosphere produced with purified coal was cheaper and gave results similar to the more traditional gas mixture (H2/N2). At the end of this study, a phosphor with improved long persistent phosphorescence (LPP) characteristics was obtained with Ba/Si = 0.7, Eu/Si = 2.8 × 10−3 and Dy/Si = 3.6 × 10−3 following a 6 h-synthesis in a quartz crucible.

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31

ARAI, Miki, Yutaka FUJIMOTO, Masanori KOSHIMIZU, Ichiro KAWAMURA, Daisuke NAKAUCHI, Takayuki YANAGIDA, and Keisuke ASAI. "Development of rare earth doped CaS phosphors for radiation detection." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 128, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj2.20036.

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32

Fan Gongqi, 范供齐, 林海凤 Lin Haifeng, 施丰华 Shi Fenghua, 徐文飞 Xu Wenfei, and 王海波 Wang Haibo. "Luminescence Properties of Tungstate Phosphors Doped with Rare-Earth Ion." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 49, no. 3 (2012): 031602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop49.031602.

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Annalakshmi, O., M. T. Jose, U. Madhusoodanan, J. Sridevi, B. Venkatraman, G. Amarendra, and A. B. Mandal. "Thermoluminescence mechanism in rare-earth-doped magnesium tetra borate phosphors." Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids 169, no. 7 (May 21, 2014): 636–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420150.2014.918128.

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34

Chandra, B. P., V. D. Sonwane, B. K. Haldar, and S. Pandey. "Mechanoluminescence glow curves of rare-earth doped strontium aluminate phosphors." Optical Materials 33, no. 3 (January 2011): 444–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2010.10.014.

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35

Ayvacıklı, Mehmet, Arzu Ege, Elçin Ekdal, Elisabeth-Jeanne Popovici, and Nurdoğan Can. "Radioluminescence study of rare earth doped some yttrium based phosphors." Optical Materials 34, no. 11 (September 2012): 1958–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2012.05.023.

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36

Liu, Chenyang, Suman Pokhrel, Christian Tessarek, Haipeng Li, Marco Schowalter, Andreas Rosenauer, Martin Eickhoff, Shuiqing Li, and Lutz Mädler. "Rare-Earth-Doped Y4Al2O9 Nanoparticles for Stable Light-Converting Phosphors." ACS Applied Nano Materials 3, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 699–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.9b02231.

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37

Anishia, S. R., M. T. Jose, O. Annalakshmi, and V. Ramasamy. "Thermoluminescence properties of rare earth doped lithium magnesium borate phosphors." Journal of Luminescence 131, no. 12 (December 2011): 2492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2011.06.019.

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38

Rambabu, U., P. K. Khanna, and S. Buddhudu. "Fluorescence spectra of Sm3+-doped rare earth oxybromide powder phosphors." Materials Letters 38, no. 2 (January 1999): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-577x(98)00144-x.

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39

LI Yan-hong, 李艳红, 臧国凤 ZANG Guo-feng, 马晶 MA Jing, and 刘宇田 LIU Yu-tian. "Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Rare Earth Doped NaGdF4Upconversion Phosphors." Chinese Journal of Luminescence 34, no. 8 (2013): 982–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/fgxb20133408.0982.

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40

Ihara, M., T. Igarashi, T. Kusunoki, and K. Ohno. "Preparation and Characterization of Rare Earth Activators Doped Nanocrystal Phosphors." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 147, no. 6 (2000): 2355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1393536.

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41

Lei, Bingfu, Yingliang Liu, Junwen Zhang, Jianxin Meng, Shiqing Man, and Shaozao Tan. "Persistent luminescence in rare earth ion-doped gadolinium oxysulfide phosphors." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 495, no. 1 (April 2010): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.01.141.

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42

Rambabu, U., T. Balaji, K. Annapurna, and S. Buddhudu. "Fluorescence spectra of Tm3+-doped rare earth oxychloride powder phosphors." Materials Chemistry and Physics 43, no. 2 (February 1996): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0254-0584(95)01616-3.

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43

Harvey, Peter, Chloë Oakland, Max D. Driscoll, Sam Hay, and Louise S. Natrajan. "Ratiometric detection of enzyme turnover and flavin reduction using rare-earth upconverting phosphors." Dalton Trans. 43, no. 14 (2014): 5265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt00356j.

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Ytterbium:thulium doped rare-earth upconversion phosphors signal the redox behaviour of flavin mononucleotide in a ratiometric manner and report on the turnover of an archetypal flavo-protein, pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductaseviaFRET modulation.

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44

Wang, Xiangfu, Jintang Xu, Jihong Yu, Yanyan Bu, Jose Marques-Hueso, and Xiaohong Yan. "Morphology control, spectrum modification and extended optical applications of rare earth ion doped phosphors." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 27 (2020): 15120–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp01412e.

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45

Zhong, Jiasong, Daqin Chen, Xiao Chen, Keyuan Wang, Xinyue Li, Yiwen Zhu, and Zhenguo Ji. "Efficient rare-earth free red-emitting Ca2YSbO6:Mn4+,M(M = Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+) phosphors for white light-emitting diodes." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 18 (2018): 6528–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt00992a.

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46

Liang, Sisi, Mengmeng Shang, Hongzhou Lian, Kai Li, Yang Zhang, and Jun Lin. "Deep red MGe4O9:Mn4+(M = Sr, Ba) phosphors: structure, luminescence properties and application in warm white light emitting diodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 26 (2016): 6409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc01813k.

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47

Fu, Jipeng, Su Zhang, Tengfei Ma, Yonglei Jia, Ran Pang, Lihong Jiang, Da Li, Haifeng Li, Wenzhi Sun, and Chengyu Li. "A convenient and efficient synthesis method to improve the emission intensity of rare earth ion doped phosphors: the synthesis and luminescent properties of novel SrO:Ce3+ phosphor." RSC Advances 5, no. 114 (2015): 93951–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra15089b.

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A convenient and efficient synthesis method that improves the emission intensity of rare earth ion doped phosphors is proposed. This approach can greatly improve the reaction temperature and overcome the requirement for harsh conditions.

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48

Jung, Jae-yong, Juna Kim, Young-Seok Shim, Donghyun Hwang, and Chang Sik Son. "Structure and Photoluminescence Properties of Rare-Earth (Dy3+, Tb3+, Sm3+)-Doped BaWO4 Phosphors Synthesized via Co-Precipitation for Anti-Counterfeiting." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 19, 2020): 4165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184165.

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Barium tungstate (BaWO4) powders with various sintering temperatures, and BaWO4:Dy3+ phosphor samples with concentrations of different rare-earth (RE) activator ions (Dy3+, Sm3+, Tb3+) were prepared through co-precipitation. The structural, morphological, and photoluminescent characteristics of barium tungstate phosphors depend on the concentration of RE ions. The crystallographic characteristics of the synthesized BaWO4 were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The size and shape of the crystalline particles were estimated based on images measured with a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). As the sintering temperature of the BaWO4 particles increased from 400 °C to 1000 °C, the size of the particles gradually increased and showed a tendency to clump together. In the sample doped with 7 mol % Dy3+ ions, the intensity of all emission bands reached their maximum. The emission spectra of the RE3+-doped BaWO4 powders by excitation at 325 nm were composed of yellow (Dy3+), red (Sm3+), and green (Tb3+) band at 572, 640, and 544 nm. This indicates that most of the RE3+ ions absorbed the position without reversal symmetry in the BaWO4 lattice. These results propose that strong emission intensity and tunable color for the phosphors can be accomplished by rare-earth doped host with an suitable quantity. In addition, the phosphor thin films, having high transparency from aqueous colloidal solutions, were deposited on banknotes, and it is considered whether it is suitable for anti-counterfeiting applications.

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49

Jiang, Peng, Zhipeng Li, Wei Lu, Yi Ma, and Wenhuai Tian. "The pH Value Control of Morphology and Luminescence Properties of Gd2O2S: Tb3+ Phosphors." Materials 15, no. 2 (January 15, 2022): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15020646.

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Developing rare-earth doped oxysulfide phosphors with diverse morphologies has significant value in many research fields such as in displays, medical diagnosis, and information storage. All of the time, phosphors with spherical morphology have been developed in most of the related literatures. Herein, by simply adjusting the pH values of the reaction solution, Gd2O2S:Tb3+ phosphors with various morphologies (sphere-like, sheet-like, cuboid-like, flat square-like, rod-like) were synthesized. The XRD patterns showed that phosphors with all morphologies are pure hexagonal phase of Gd2O2S. The atomic resolution structural analysis by transmission electron microscopy revealed the crystal growth model of the phosphors with different morphology. With the morphological change, the band gap energy of Gd2O2S:Tb3+ crystal changed from 3.76 eV to 4.28 eV, followed by different luminescence performance. The samples with sphere-like and cuboid-like microstructures exhibit stronger cathodoluminescence intensity than commercial product by comparison. Moreover, luminescence of Gd2O2S:Tb3+ phosphors have different emission performance excited by UV light radiation and an electron beam, which when excited by UV light is biased towards yellow, and while excited by an electron beam is biased towards cyan. This finding provides a simple but effective method to achieve rare-earth doped oxysulfide phosphors with diversified and tunable luminescence properties through morphology control.

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50

Yong Jung, Jae, and Soung Soo Yi. "Enhanced Photoluminescence Properties of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane-Based Hybrid Phosphors for Anti-Counterfeiting and Flexible Composite Applications." Science of Advanced Materials 13, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 748–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2021.3950.

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We have described a novel organic-inorganic hybrid polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) type monomer ligand 2,6-pyridinediamine-bis-propanylheptaisobutyl POSS (PDC-POSS) and synthesized it using rare-earth (RE = Eu3+, Tb3+) doped hybrid complex PDC-POSS phosphors. The PDC-POSS precursor was prepared by (3-aminopropyl) heptaisobutyl POSS, 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid chloride (PDC), and then coordinated with RE3+ using europium and terbium nitrate regents to yield PDC-POSS:RE3+ phosphors. Under UV light (A = 285 nm) excitation, photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Eu3+-doped PDC-POSS were detected at 591, 615, 650, and 693 and those of Tb3+-doped PDC-POSS were monitored at 488, 544, 584, 619, and 647 nm. The thin films with good transmittance were deposited from aqueous colloidal solution of hybrid phosphors on bank notes, plastic card substrates, and cotton fibers to demonstrate the transparency of phosphor thin films, which are feasible for use in anti-counterfeiting applications, which require concealment and identification by the naked eye. In addition, a polymer composite with good flexibility that can be applied to LED chips and display was produced. Finally, it was suggested that PDC-POSS:RE3+ phosphors can be used in various applications.

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