Книги: "Rankin cycle"

1

Bailey, P. B. A free piston expander for a direct fired Rankine cycle heat pump. [s.l.]: typescript, 1986.

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2

Li, Jing. Structural Optimization and Experimental Investigation of the Organic Rankine Cycle for Solar Thermal Power Generation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45623-1.

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3

Kubo, I. Technical and economic study of Stirling and Rankine cycle bottoming systems for heavy truck diesel engines. Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1987.

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4

Hoetman, Agus Rusyana. A computational and experimental study of a solar powered Rankine Cycle Engine for use in Jakarta. Salford: University of Salford, 1991.

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5

Stone, James R. Alkali metal rankine cycle boiler technology challenges and some potential solutions for space nuclear power and propulsion applications. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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6

Angelino, G. Design, construction and testing of a hermetically sealed 100 kw Organic Rankine Cycle engine formedium temperature (200-400°c) heat recovery. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1986.

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7

Working Fluid Selection for Organic Rankine Cycle and Other Related Cycles. MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03936-075-8.

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8

Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Power Systems. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2014-0-04239-6.

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9

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. ANL-RBC: A computer code for the analysis of Rankine bottoming cycles, including system cost evaluation and off-design performance. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1986.

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10

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. ANL-RBC: A computer code for the analysis of Rankine bottoming cycles, including system cost evaluation and off-design performance. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1986.

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11

Wang, Enhua, ed. Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Heat Recovery. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74127.

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12

Organic Rankine Cycle for Energy Recovery System. MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03936-395-7.

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13

Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems: Technologies and Applications. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2016.

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14

Quoilin, Sylvain, Matthew Orosz, and Vincent Lemort. Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems: Technical Aspects, Design and Modeling. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2021.

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15

Zhang, Jianhua, and Jinliang Xu. Modelling and Control of Organic Rankine Cycle Based Waste Heat Recovery Systems. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2019.

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16

Lasala, Silvia, ed. Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery - Analysis and Applications. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.77463.

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17

Technical and economic study of Stirling and Rankine cycle bottoming systems for heavy truck diesel engines. Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1987.

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18

Bearing development program for a 25-kWe solar-powered organic Rankine-cycle engine. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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19

Study of toluene stability for an organic rankine cycle space-based power system. [Washington, D.C.?]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1988.

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20

Rez, Peter. Electrical Power Generation: Fossil Fuels. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802297.003.0004.

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Nearly all electrical power is generated by rotating a coil in a magnetic field. In most cases, the coil is turned by a steam turbine operating according to the Rankine cycle. Water is boiled and heated to make high-pressure steam, which drives the turbine. The thermal efficiency is about 30–35%, and is limited by the highest steam temperature tolerated by the turbine blades. Alternatively, a gas turbine operating according to the Brayton cycle can be used. Much higher turbine inlet temperatures are possible, and the thermal efficiency is higher, typically 40%. Combined cycle generation, in which the hot exhaust from a gas turbine drives a Rankine cycle, can achieve thermal efficiencies of almost 60%. Substitution of coal-fired by combined cycle natural gas power plants can result in significant reductions in CO2 emissions.

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21

W, Carlson Albert, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Solar dynamic heat rejection technology: Task 1 : system concept development, final report. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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22

Kirchman, David L. The nitrogen cycle. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0012.

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Nitrogen is required for the biosynthesis of many cellular components and can take on many oxidation states, ranging from −3 to +5. Consequently, nitrogen compounds can act as either electron donors (chemolithotrophy) or electron acceptors (anaerobic respiration). The nitrogen cycle starts with nitrogen fixation, the reduction of nitrogen gas to ammonium. Nitrogen fixation is carried out only by prokaryotes, mainly some cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria. The ammonium resulting from nitrogen fixation is quickly used by many organisms for biosynthesis, being preferred over nitrate as a nitrogen source. It is also oxidized aerobically by chemolithoautotrophic bacteria and archaea during the first step of nitrification. The second step, nitrite oxidation, is carried out by other bacteria not involved in ammonia oxidation, resulting in the formation of nitrate. Some bacteria are capable of carrying out both steps (“comammox”). This nitrate can then be reduced to nitrogen gas or nitrous oxide during denitrification. It can be reduced to ammonium, a process called “dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium.” Nitrogen gas is also released by anaerobic oxidation of ammonium (“anammox”) which is carried out by bacteria in the Planctomycetes phylum. The theoretical contribution of anammox to total nitrogen gas release is 29%, but the actual contribution varies greatly. Another gas in the nitrogen cycle, nitrous oxide, is a greenhouse gas produced by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea. The available data indicate that the global nitrogen cycle is in balance, with losses from nitrogen gas production equaling gains via nitrogen fixation. But excess nitrogen from fertilizers is contributing to local imbalances and several environmental problems in drinking waters, reservoirs, lakes, and coastal oceans.

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23

D, Kahook S., Diaz N. J, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. A burst mode, ultrahigh temperature UF4 vvapor core reactor rankine cycle space power system concept. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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24

Li, Jing. Structural Optimization and Experimental Investigation of the Organic Rankine Cycle for Solar Thermal Power Generation. Springer, 2016.

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25

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.), ed. Development of an organic Rankine-cycle power module for a small community solar thermal power experiment. Pasadena, Calif: The Laboratory, 1985.

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26

Desai, Nishith. Chapter 19 Concentrated solar energy driven multi-generation systems based on the organic Rankine cycle technology. Taylor & Francis, 2020.

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27

Wolf, E. L. Solar Thermal Energy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198769804.003.0009.

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The Sun’s spectrum on Earth is modified by the atmosphere, and is harvested either by generating heat for direct use or for running heat engines, or by quantum absorption in solar cells, to be discussed later. Focusing of sunlight requires tracking of the Sun and is defeated on cloudy days. Heat engines have efficiency limits similar to the Carnot cycle limit. The steam turbine follows the Rankine cycle and is well developed in technology, optimally using a re-heat cycle of higher efficiency. Having learned quite a bit about how the Sun’s energy is created, and how that process might be reproduced on Earth, we turn now to methods for harvesting the energy from the Sun as a sustainable replacement for fossil fuel energy.

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28

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. A Burst Mode, Ultrahigh Temperature UF4 Vapor Core Reactor Rankine Cycle Space Power System Concept... NASA-CR-198387... Mar. 14, 1997. [S.l: s.n., 1998.

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29

Study of toluene rotary fluid management device and shear flow condenser performance for a space-based organic Rankine power system. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1988.

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30

ANL-RBC: A computer code for the analysis of Rankine bottoming cycles, including system cost evaluation and off-design performance. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1986.

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31

ANL-RBC: A computer code for the analysis of Rankine bottoming cycles, including system cost evaluation and off-design performance. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1986.

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32

Matthias, Gottmann, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Thermal control systems for low-temperature heat rejection on a lunar base: Semiannual status report for grant NAG5-1572. Tucson, AZ: Dept. of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1992.

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33

Matthias, Gottmann, Nanjundan Ashok, and Goddard Space Flight Center, eds. Thermal control systems for low-temperature heat rejection on a lunar base: Annual progress report for grant NAG5-1572 (MOD). [Tucson, Ariz.?]: Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1993.

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34

Matthias, Gottmann, Nanjundan Ashok, and Goddard Space Flight Center, eds. Thermal control systems for low-temperature heat rejection on a lunar base: Annual progress report for grant NAG5-1572 (MOD). [Tucson, Ariz.?]: Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1993.

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35

Angel, Martin V., and Anthony W. G. John. Crustacea: Ostracoda. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199233267.003.0025.

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This chapter describes the taxonomy of Ostracoda, small bivalved crustaceans ranging in size from 0.2 to > 30 mm. The majority are benthic and belong to the subclass Podocopa. The chapter focuses on the holoplanktonic oceanic species. It covers their life cycle, ecology, and general morphology. It includes a section that indicates the systematic placement of the taxon described within the tree of life, and lists the key marine representative illustrated in the chapter (usually to genus or family level). This section also provides information on the taxonomic authorities responsible for the classification adopted, recent changes which might have occurred, and lists relevant taxonomic sources.

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36

Feigenblatt, Hazel. Governance Indicators and the Broken Feedback Loop. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817062.003.0010.

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This chapter presents an overview of the role of communications in governance indicators and discusses challenges to understanding whether, how, and why their intended audiences use or fail to use rankings, indices, and related data. These include long-standing challenges associated with ensuring that information meets the needs of different target audiences, engaging with traditional media, and using rankings to present indicators. As new technologies have changed information flows and dynamics, new challenges have emerged, including echo chambers and data graveyards. The chapter shows a broken feedback loop between governance indicator creators and their intended users that can be traced to the understanding of communications as an accessory activity, without integrating user research and frank self-assessments into the indicator creation cycle. More research should be conducted about the extent to which the current offer of indicators is meeting users’ needs and the extent to which underlying theories of change remain valid.

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37

Saylor, Eric. Vaughan Williams. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190918569.001.0001.

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This single-volume life-and-works biography of Ralph Vaughan Williams provides a contemporary reassessment of one of the twentieth century’s most versatile, influential, and enduringly popular British musicians. Throughout his wide-ranging career—as composer, conductor, editor, scholar, folk-song collector, teacher, author, administrator, and philanthropist—Vaughan Williams worked tirelessly to improve the standards and quality of British musical life. His compelling and original musical language—inspired in part by elements drawn from English folk song, French impressionism, Wagnerian post-chromaticism, Tudor-era sacred music, and Anglican hymnody—presented a distinctively British response to musical modernism over his sixty-year-long career, and in works ranging from art songs for amateurs to perhaps the finest symphonic cycle of the twentieth century. Alternating between biographical and analytical chapters, it draws upon previously inaccessible primary sources alongside a wealth of secondary material to craft a concise and engaging overview of Vaughan Williams’s life and music.

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38

Cloud, Dana L. The Beginnings and Ends of Union Democracy. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036378.003.0010.

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This chapter assesses the situation of the dissident Machinist movement at Boeing today. There are a number of important and poignant lessons from this struggle for democratic reformers inside unions. These lessons speak to how reformers can push their official leadership while staying focused on the company; prioritize long-term organizing and contract cycle agitation above electoral bids and legal strategies; and recognize that unions—and dissident movements inside of unions—are only democratic and vital to the extent that they involve large numbers of their members and represent their demands. The chapter considers the question of whether one can speak legitimately for the rank and file without their active involvement in the movement from a dissident position any more than one should do so from a business union position. The credentials and, more important, the power of a dissident union movement depend upon taking advantage of critical rank-and-file consciousness to build an organization that restores a balance of power between union leadership and the rank and file in the longer term. Only then can the rank and file become ready, when the time comes, to make their own history.

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39

Grove, M. Annette, and David F. Lancy. Cultural Models of Stages in the Life Course. Edited by Sally Crawford, Dawn M. Hadley, and Gillian Shepherd. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199670697.013.5.

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It is clear that societies differ with respect to their locally constructed, cultural, or ‘folk’ models of the life course. However, predictable transitions can be found as children progress through naturally occurring stages (walking, talking, gaining sense, puberty). Societies draw upon these predictable transitions to construct models of development. Ethnographic and historic records provide evidence of behavioural changes in children and the response of family members that signal a shift in the child’s status. Drawing on these data, we construct a broadly applicable cultural model of child development. This model coalesces around six life cycle stages, which correspond to evolutionary biologists’ analyses. This entry draws on a long-term project designed to develop an anthropological perspective on human development. Our database consists of archival accounts of childhood from nearly 1,000 societies, ranging from the Palaeolithic to the present and from every area of the world.

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40

Sánchez-Gil, Patricia. Agenda Topics for Sustainability of Mexican Coasts and Oceans. Edited by Evelia Arriaga. EPOMEX-UAC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26359/epomex.0519.

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This book must be considered, as a representative thematic synthesis for understanding the dynamics of a transitional system, great heterogeneity of habitats and associated high biodiversity, ranging from the lower basin of rivers, wetlands, lagoons-estuaries, estuarine plume and adjacent marine areas. It is a document of analysis on the interrelations and connectivities of this great ecological mosaic, strongly influenced by natural variables, processes and coastal cycles that condition its functional structure; but also on the presence and intervention of activities socio-economic, energy trends, and global changes. Topics leading to reflection on the environmental sustainability of coastal development and management needs for integrated management.

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41

Cust, James. The Role of Governance and International Norms in Managing Natural Resources. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0019.

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The governance of natural resource wealth is considered to constitute a key determinant in whether the extraction of natural resources proves to be a blessing or a curse. In response to this challenge, a variety of international initiatives have emerged to codify successful policies pursued by countries, and promote global norms and best practices to guide decision-makers. These initiatives, such as the Extractives Industry Transparency Initiative, have seen success in spreading and embedding governance norms, ranging across revenue transparency, contract disclosure, and the creation of instruments such as resource funds and building institutions for checks and balances. However, evidence for causal impact remains weak and sometimes limited to anecdotal cases. The end of the super-cycle of commodity prices, and the prospect of permanently lower prices for fossil fuels, creates new challenges for resource-rich countries but may also allow space and time for reflection, lesson-learning and improvements in governance.

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42

Bouma, WJ, GI Pearman, and MR Manning, eds. Greenhouse: Coping with Climate Change. CSIRO Publishing, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643105034.

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Consideration of climate change deals increasingly with impacts and responses, and therefore involves a wide range of technical issues and a diverse community of experts. One of the challenges faced is that of ensuring effective communication between these different areas of expertise. For example, climate change studies require new types of collaboration between carbon cycle modellers and economists, and between meteorologists and coastal geomorphologists. Furthermore, there is a need to distil balanced assessments ranging across many disciplines for the benefit of all policymakers.Greenhouse: Coping with Climate Change brings together the contributions of many experts to the climate change debate. This book is a landmark publication summarising our understanding of climate change issues as they affect Oceania. It contains review papers that report on the status of knowledge, methodologies and developments; and a selection of focused papers that expand on specific issues and present significant new developments of wide general interest and relevance to the region.

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43

Zeitlin, Steve, and Bob Holman. The Poetry of Everyday Life. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501702358.001.0001.

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This is a book of encounters. Part memoir, part essay, and partly a guide to maximizing a capacity for fulfillment and expression, this book taps into the artistic side of what we often take for granted in everyday life: the stories we tell, the people we love, the metaphors used by scientists, even our sex lives. This book explores how poems serve us in daily life and how they are used in times of personal and national crisis. The text explores meaning and experience, covering topics ranging from poetry in the life cycle to the contemporary uses of ancient myths. The book introduces readers to the many eccentric and visionary characters the author has met in his career as a folklorist. Covering topics from Ping-Pong to cave paintings, from family poetry nights to delectable dishes at his favorite ethnic restaurants, the book aims to inspire readers to expand their consciousness of the beauty that resides in everyday things and to use creative expression to engage and animate that beauty toward living a more fulfilling awakened life, full of laughter. To live a creative life is the best way to engage with the beauty of the everyday.

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44

Pierson, Ryan. Figure and Force in Animation Aesthetics. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949754.001.0001.

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How can movements in animated films be described? Figure and Force in Animation Aesthetics introduces a powerful new method for the study of animation. By looking for figures—arrangements that seem to intuitively hold together—and forces—underlying units of attraction, repulsion, and direction—it reveals startling new possibilities for animation criticism, history, and theory. Drawing on concepts from Gestalt psychology, the book offers a wide-ranging comparative study of four animation techniques—soft-edged forms, walk cycles, camera movement, and rotoscoping—as they appear in commercial, artisanal, and avant-garde works. In the process, through close readings of little-analyzed films, the book demonstrates that figures and forces make fertile resources for theoretical speculation, unearthing affinities between animation practice and such topics as the philosophy of mathematics, scientific and political revolution, and love. Beginning and ending with the imperative to “look closely,” Figure and Force in Animation Aesthetics is a performance in seeing the world of motion anew.

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45

Schiller, Dan. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038761.003.0016.

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This book explores the notion of digital capitalism and its crash in 2007–2008, which it attributes to the uneven character of information and communications technology (ICT). It advances two main arguments: that the economic contributions made by ICT to digital capitalism rendered digital technology a fundamental pole of growth; and that, when it arrived, the economic crisis could be traced not only to financial speculation but to capital's multifaceted integration of digital systems into the political economy. In this account, the contradictory matrix of technological revolution and stagnation that constitutes capitalism today is highlighted. The book also elucidates the role of information and communications in the political economy's chief developmental processes, including capital's reorganization of the system of production, through fresh cycles of labor restructuring and spiking foreign direct investment; capital's concurrent ingress into finance; escalating military procurement spending; and the wide-ranging changes in the ICT sector. Finally, it considers how commodity chains bring together diverse labor systems to effect globally distributed production processes.

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46

Thiel, Martin, and Gary A. Wellborn, eds. Life Histories. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190620271.001.0001.

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Crustaceans are increasingly being used as model organisms in all fields of biology, including neurobiology, developmental biology, animal physiology, evolutionary ecology, biogeography, and resource management. Crustaceans have a very wide range of phenotypes and inhabit a diverse array of environments, ranging from the deep sea to high mountain lakes and even deserts. The evolution of their life histories has permitted crustaceans to successfully colonize this variety of habitats. Few other taxa exhibit such a variety of life histories and behavior. A comprehensive overview of their life histories is essential to the understanding of many aspects of their success in marine and terrestrial environments. This book provides a general overview of crustacean life histories. Crustaceans have particular life history adaptations that have permitted them to conquer all environments on earth. Crustacean life cycles have evolved to maximize fecundity, growth, and ageing, in a wide range of environmental conditions. Individual contributions contrast benefits and costs of different life histories including sexual versus asexual production, semelparity versus iteroparity, and planktonic larvae versus direct development. Important aspects of particular behaviors are presented (e.g. migrations, defense and territorial behaviors, anti-predator behavior, symbiosis).

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47

Romanowska, Iza. Agent-Based Modeling for Archaeology. SFI Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37911/9781947864382.

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To fully understand not only the past, but also the trajectories, of human societies, we need a more dynamic view of human social systems. Agent-based modeling (ABM), which can create fine-scale models of behavior over time and space, may reveal important, general patterns of human activity. Agent-Based Modeling for Archaeology is the first ABM textbook designed for researchers studying the human past. Appropriate for scholars from archaeology, the digital humanities, and other social sciences, this book offers novices and more experienced ABM researchers a modular approach to learning ABM and using it effectively. Readers will find the necessary background, discussion of modeling techniques and traps, references, and algorithms to use ABM in their own work. They will also find engaging examples of how other scholars have applied ABM, ranging from the study of the intercontinental migration pathways of early hominins, to the weather–crop–population cycles of the American Southwest, to the trade networks of Ancient Rome. This textbook provides the foundations needed to simulate the complexity of past human societies, offering researchers a richer understanding of the past—and likely future—of our species.

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48

Puthia, Manoj K., and Kevin S. Tan. Blastocystosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0057.

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Blastocystis , the causative agent of blastocystosis, is an intestinal protozoan commonly identified in stool specimens of patients. It is one of the most common parasites inhabiting the human intestinal tract. Clinical symptoms attributed to Blastocystis include recurrent watery diarrhoea, mucous diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and flatulence. Blastocystis infects both children and adults and its geographical distribution appears to be global with prevalence ranging from 30 to 50% in developing countries (Stenzel and Boreham 1996).Blastocystis was first described as a distinct organism in 1911 and the name B. enterocola was proposed for this organism (Alexeieff 1911). It was isolated from human faeces and the name B. hominis was coined (Brumpt 1912). At first, it was described as a harmless intestinal yeast and ignored for many decades. Its association with human disease was suggested by a number of reports and eventually work by Zierdt (1991) increased the awareness of Blastocystis infections in humans.In spite of its description about a century ago, the exact role of Blastocystis as a cause of human disease is uncertain. A number of clinical and epidemiological studies implicate the parasite as a potential pathogen (Al-Tawil et al. 1994; El-Shazly et al. 2005; Garavelli et al. 1991; Logar et al. 1994) while others exonerate it as an etiology of intestinal disease (Chen et al. 2003; Leder et al. 2005; Shlim et al. 1995). Significant progress has been achieved on descriptions of the morphology and genetic diversity of Blastocystis but most aspects of its life cycle, molecular biology, and athogenicity remain unresolved (Stenzel and Boreham 1996; Tan 2004).

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49

Hotson, Howard. The Reformation of Common Learning. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199553389.001.0001.

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Howard Hotson’s previous contribution to this series, Commonplace Learning, explored how a fragmented political and confessional landscape turned the northwestern corner of the Holy Roman Empire into the pedagogical laboratory of post-Reformation Protestant Europe. This sequel traces the further evolution of that tradition after that region’s leading educational institutions were destroyed by the Thirty Years War (1618–1648) and their students and teachers scattered in all directions. Transplanted to the Dutch Republic, the post-Ramist tradition provided ideas, values, and methods which helped to formulate the mechanical philosophy of Descartes and institutionalize it within a network of thriving universities. Within the international diaspora of Protestant intellectuals documented in the archive of Samuel Hartlib, post-Ramist encyclopaedism provided much of the framework for the pansophic programme of Comenius, which assisted the initial spread of Baconianism and related aspirations both in England and abroad. In post-war central Europe, another branch of the tradition helped inspire Leibniz’s life-long vision of a revised combinatorial encyclopaedia as the centrepiece of a wide-ranging reform programme. But as the underlying political, confessional, educational, and intellectual context shifted after 1648, the ancient conception of the encyclopaedia as a cycle of disciplines to be mastered by every scholar exploded into a potentially infinite number of discrete topics organized alphabetically within a mere work of reference. This book weaves together many new lines of inquiry against a huge geographical and thematic canvas to contribute fresh perspectives on the fraught middle years of the seventeenth century in particular and the shape of modern knowledge more generally.

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Lloyd, Sheelagh, and Eric R. Morgan. Toxocarosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0071.

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Toxocara canis and the syndromes of visceral and ocular larva migrans (VLM, OLM), covert toxocarosis, and neurological toxocarosis are described. Other potential agents, particularly Toxocara cati and Baylisascaris procyonis , are described. The transmission dynamics of toxocarosis to humans have never been fully elucidated, but the potential roles of pet and stray dogs, foxes, cats, and the influence of their population densities, and age demographies, are discussed in relation to contamination of the environment with eggs. Routes of infection with eggs by geophagia, poor hygiene outdoors and with dogs, and fly-borne contamination of food, and meat-borne ingestion of larvae are described. The development of prolonged in vitro culture and analyses of T. canis larval excretions/secretions (TES) and surface antigens helped explain the importance of the rapid production and shedding of TES in the prolonged course of infection and pathogenesis of disease. TES also have greatly improved serodiagnosis. However, we still have insufficient understanding of differences in the aetiology of the larvae or differences in immune responses among individuals to account for development of VLM, covert toxocarosis, or OLM in different individuals. Our understanding of the immunopathological response of the host to TES has emphasized the need for anti-inflammatory therapy in treatment; unfortunately, less information is available on the true efficacy of the anthelmintics available. The complexity of the T. canis life cycle in dogs is described and therapeutic regimens to prevent excretion of eggs by pet dogs are given. This, plus adequate control or exclusion of stray or wild canids from a property could prevent most cases of VLM. Control of infection from free-ranging stray dogs, cats and foxes, will be difficult and more data are needed to clarify the importance of these and of fly-borne and meat-borne transfer of infection to humans for control.

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