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Статті в журналах з теми "Ranid frogs"

1

Tokita, Masayoshi, and Noriko Iwai. "Development of the pseudothumb in frogs." Biology Letters 6, no. 4 (February 10, 2010): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.1038.

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Frogs have highly conserved hand and foot morphology, possessing four fingers and five toes. As an exception, two Japanese ranid frog species, the Otton frog Babina subaspera and the dagger frog Babina holsti , possess a unique thumb-like structure (the pseudothumb) in the forelimb, giving an appearance of a total of five fingers on the hand. To obtain insights into the developmental mechanisms that generate this novel character, we investigated the hand morphogenesis of the Otton frog. The unique morphological pattern of the pseudothumb was already established in juveniles. Surprisingly, the bud-like structure, which is similar to the area of inductive activity (e.g. feather buds in birds and the carapacial ridge in turtles), was detected over the site where the future prepollex develops in larvae. By contrast, this bud-like structure was not found in larvae of other ranid species. We discuss possible scenarios that would favour the evolution of this very unusual trait in frogs.
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Courtois, Daniel, Raymond Leclair jr., Sylvain Lacasse, and Pierre Magnan. "Habitats préférentiels d'amphibiens ranidés dans des lacs oligotrophes du Bouclier laurentien, Québec." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 9 (September 1, 1995): 1744–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-206.

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From a study of riparian habitat structure and a quantitive distribution survey of bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, mink frog, Rana septentrionalis, and green frog, Rana clamitans melanota, in 31 oligotrophic lakes, we looked for, among 18 physiographic parameters, those that could best explain the spatial organisation of the ranid community. The three species cohabitated in 18 lakes, the mink frog and the green frog in 10 lakes without bullfrog, and the bullfrog alone in 3 lakes. These frogs preferentially occupied (i) habitats with medium or high density of emergent vegetation, (ii) areas with extensive floating aquatic vegetation, (iii) muddy and silty areas, and (iv) especially for the green frog, shrubby habitats with ericaceae. Substrates had a poor explicative value. In lakes devoid of bullfrogs, the mink frogs and green frogs were more frequently abundant and showed a more even distribution in the different habitats than when they were sympatric with bullfrogs. A Spearman's rank correlation analysis confirmed the similarity of habitat preferences between the three species and the poor capacity of the habitat structure to predict the ranid community composition.
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Stuart, Bryan L., Robert F. Inger, and Harold K. Voris. "High level of cryptic species diversity revealed by sympatric lineages of Southeast Asian forest frogs." Biology Letters 2, no. 3 (June 20, 2006): 470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0505.

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Amphibians tend to exhibit conservative morphological evolution, and the application of molecular and bioacoustic tools in systematic studies have been effective at revealing morphologically ‘cryptic’ species within taxa that were previously considered to be a single species. We report molecular genetic findings on two forest-dwelling ranid frogs from localities across Southeast Asia, and show that sympatric evolutionary lineages of morphologically cryptic frogs are a common pattern. These findings imply that species diversity of Southeast Asian frogs remains significantly underestimated, and taken in concert with other molecular investigations, suggest there may not be any geographically widespread, forest-dwelling frog species in the region. Accurate assessments of diversity and distributions are needed to mitigate extinctions of evolutionary lineages in these threatened vertebrates.
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Earl, Julia E., Sean M. Blomquist, Elizabeth B. Harper, Daniel J. Hocking, Malcolm L. Hunter, Jarrett R. Johnson, Michael S. Osbourn, et al. "Amphibian Biomass Export from Geographically Isolated Wetlands: Temporal Variability, Species Composition, and Potential Implications for Terrestrial Ecosystems." Diversity 14, no. 3 (February 25, 2022): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14030163.

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Recently metamorphosed amphibians transport substantial biomass and nutrients from wetlands to terrestrial ecosystems. Previous estimates (except 1) were limited to either a subset of the community or a single year. Our goal was to examine temporal variability in biomass export of all amphibians within breeding ponds and the composition of that export. We completely encircled ponds with drift fences to capture, count, and weigh emerging recently metamorphosed individuals in Maine (four wetlands, six years) and Missouri (eight wetlands, 2–4 years). We estimated total amphibian biomass export, export scaled by pond surface area, species diversity, and percentage of biomass from anurans. Biomass export and export composition varied greatly among ponds and years. Our estimates were of similar magnitude to previous studies. Amphibian biomass export was higher when species diversity was low and the proportion of anurans was higher. Biomass estimates tended to be highest for juvenile cohorts dominated by a single ranid species: green frogs (Missouri) or wood frogs (Maine). Ranid frogs made up a substantial proportion of amphibian biomass export, suggesting that terrestrial impacts will likely occur in the leaf litter of forests. Future studies should examine the impacts of ranid juveniles on terrestrial ecosystem dynamics.
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Neary, Timothy J. "Afferent Projections to the Hypothalamus in Ranid Frogs." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 46, no. 1 (1995): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000113254.

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Tattersall, Glenn J., and Gordon R. Ultsch. "Physiological Ecology of Aquatic Overwintering in Ranid Frogs." Biological Reviews 83, no. 2 (May 2008): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185x.2008.00035.x.

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7

Mahony, MJ, RM Norris, and SC Donnellan. "Karyotypes of South-West Pacific Ranid Frogs (Anura:Ranidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 44, no. 2 (1996): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9960119.

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Karyotypes of 12 species from five genera of Australian, New Guinean and Solomon Islands ranid frogs are reported and for convenience are compared and contrasted with the 2n = 26, fundamental number (FN) = 52 karyotype of Rana, the typical karyotype of the subfamily Raninae. This karyotype was found in the four species of Rana examined. One species, Ceratobatrachus guentheri, had an increased diploid number of 30, a lower FN of 38, and altered relative lengths and centromere positions of pairs 1-5, and several of the smaller pairs. These changes could have resulted from centric fissions and pericentric rearrangements which produced an increase in the number of telocentric chromosomes. Eight species, Batrachylodes vertebralis, Discodeles bufoniformis, D. guppyi, Platymantis boulengeri, P. myersi, P. neckeri, P. solomonis and P. weberi, had reduced diploid numbers and FN. The means by which reduction in diploid number and FN has occurred in these species is unknown, but may involve centric fissions to produce telocentrics, followed by translocation onto other chromosomes, or a process involving pericentric rearrangements to produce telocentric chromosomes followed by fusion of these products. With the exception of Rana, the level of chromosomal rearrangements in the south-west Pacific ranid frogs that occur on archipelagos is high compared with that observed in the continental lineages of this subfamily.
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Neary, Timothy J., and Walter Wilczynski. "Auditory pathways to the hypothalamus in ranid frogs." Neuroscience Letters 71, no. 2 (November 1986): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(86)90548-3.

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9

Desser, S. S., and J. R. Barta. "Ultrastructural observations on Thrombocytozoons ranarum Tchacarof 1963, an intrathrombocytic yeast of frogs." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 9 (September 1, 1988): 1096–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-192.

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Electron microscopic observations were made on Thrombocytozoons ranarum in ranid frogs from Algonquin Park, Ontario. These observations revealed that this bacilliform, intrathrombocytic organism is a yeast which ultrastructurally resembles Candida albicans.
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Dare, O. K., and M. R. Forbes. "Patterns of trematode and nematode lungworm infections in northern leopard frogs and wood frogs from Ontario, Canada." Journal of Helminthology 83, no. 4 (March 26, 2009): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x09243495.

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AbstractIn this study we examined trematode and nematode lung helminths commonly found in two species of host ranid frogs for competitive interactions. We examined 147 adult (breeding and non-breeding) and juvenile northern leopard frogs, and 84 breeding male wood frogs in Bishops Mills, Ontario for Haematoloechus spp. (Trematoda) and Rhabdias sp. (Nematoda) infections. A strong negative association between phyla of helminth was observed in breeding and juvenile northern leopard frogs, and also in breeding wood frogs, but not in non-breeding adult northern leopard frogs. Few hosts carried both types of worm concurrently. Thirteen northern leopard frogs carried dual infections, while 77 carried only one phylum of helminth. Twenty-seven wood frogs carried dual infections, while 54 carried only one phylum of helminth. We also observed spatial segregation of the two phyla in host lungs. Our study informs future research on the dynamics of interactions among lung helminths in these two host species.
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Дисертації з теми "Ranid frogs"

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Norris, Rachel Mary. "Morphology and systematics of the Solomon Island Ranid frogs." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn858.pdf.

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"December 2002" Bibliography: leaves 230-241. Ch. 1. Introduction -- Ch. 2. Historical account -- Ch. 3. Morphometrics -- Ch. 4. Osteology of Solomon Islands ranids -- Ch. 4. Karyology of the Solomon Islands ranids -- Ch. 6. Phylogenetic analysis -- App. 1: Material examined -- App. 2: Discriminant function analysis -- App. 3: Character descriptions. "This study validates the Solomon Islands taxa (using morphometrics) and explores the biology of the Solomon Islands ranids, with detailed osteological descriptions, external morphology and karyology. Using characters from these data sets a cladistic analysis using parsimony reconstructed a phylogeny of thes frogs...Phylogenetic analysis using maximum parsimony found three equally parsimonious trees. Subsequent character reanalysis (successive weighting) produced one parsimonious tree. The phylogenies indicate multiple invasion events into the Solomon Islands by these ranid frogs and despite the high level of endemism, monophyly is not supported."
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2

McDaniel, Tana. "Direct and indirect interactions between two ranid frogs, pickerel frogs (Rana palustris) and leopard frogs (Rana pipiens )." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0016/MQ55693.pdf.

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Wang, Min. "Identification of molecular cloning of trypsin inhibitor form the skins of oriental ranid frogs." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534666.

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4

Witte, Carmel Lee. "Epidemiologic analysis of risk factors for local disappearances of native ranid frogs in Arizona." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2986.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine. Maryland Campus. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Ganhong, Song. "The Identification, Molecular Cloning, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Protease Inhibitors from Chinese Ranid Frogs (Huia Versabillis)." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527895.

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Crumlish, Margaret. "A study on the innate defence mechanisms in farmed tropical Rana spp." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321973.

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Goutte, Sandra. "Phylogeny and evolution of vocalizations in a frog family : are torrent ranid advertisement calls adaptative ?" Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MNHN0010.

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Les signaux acoustiques utilisés dans la communication intra-spécifique, et cruciaux pour le succès reproducteur des individus, sont susceptibles d'être soumis à des pressions de sélection environnementales, et donc d'être adaptatifs. Les grenouilles vocalisant dans les torrents doivent faire face au bruit intense produit par le cours d'eau qui peut masquer leurs chants. Chez ces grenouilles, les vocalisations minimisant ce masquage ont donc pu être sélectionnées. La nature adaptative des chants des grenouilles torrenticoles a été examinée. La définition d'une guilde de grenouilles torrenticoles a été établie et une phylogénie moléculaire a été construite. Les changements de sites de reproduction et l'évolution des vocalisations chez ces grenouilles ont été pistés. Enfin, l'hypothèse d'adaptation acoustique (AAH) a été testée. Plusieurs types de chants ont évolué au sein des torrents, et l'AAH est supportée pour certaines caractéristiques dde chants et rejetée pour d'autres
Acoustic signals used in intra-specific communication and crucial for reproductive success may be under environmental selective pressures and are thus potientially adaptive. Anurans vocalizing near torrents have to cope with the loud noise produced buy the fast flowing waters, which may mask their calls. In these frogs, vocalizations minimizing masking by noise may thus have been selected. I investigated the presumptive adaptive nature of vocalizations in torrent dwelling frogs in the family Ranidae. I first defined a torrent dwelling frog guild and built a molecular pylogeny of the study group. I then used Ancestral State Reconstruction methods to track evolutionary changes in calling site preferences and vocalization characteristics in these frogs. Finally, I tested the Acoustic Adaptation Hypothesis (AAH) with comparative methods. Several kinds of advertisement calls evolved in torrents ranids and the AAH is supported for some vocalization characteristics and rejected for others
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Angermann, Jeffrey Erik. "Polychlorinated biphenyls in anuran frogs : occurrence in native Sierra Nevada hylids and biochemical markers of exposure in ranids /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Reider, Kelsey E. "Survival at the Summits: Amphibian Responses to Thermal Extremes, Disease, and Rapid Climate Change in the High Tropical Andes." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3919.

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Understanding biological responses to climate change is a primary concern in conservation biology. Of the ecosystems being rapidly impacted by climate change, those in the high-elevation tropics are among the most poorly studied. The tropical Andean biosphere includes record elevations above 5000 meters, where extreme environmental conditions challenge many organisms. In the Cordillera Vilcanota of southern Peru, frogs including Pleurodema marmoratum and Telmatobius marmoratus have expanded their ranges to 5244 – 5400 m into habitats created by glacial recession, making them among the highest recorded amphibians on Earth. To understand how hydrologic alterations from loss of glacial meltwater and climatic fluctuations affect these amphibians, I conduct a 36-month field study of reproductive phenology and develop a method to distinguish glacial meltwater-fed ponds and precipitation-fed ponds utilizing natural variation in stable isotopes of water (18O, 2H, and d-excess). My results suggest that some ponds critical for breeding populations may have lost their connection to glacial runoff. Ongoing deglaciation may transform these ponds from permanent to ephemeral habitats, leading to the extirpation of the fully aquatic species, T. marmoratus. The 2015/2016 El Niño delayed the onset of the 2015 wet season and shortened the P. marmoratum breeding and tadpole development period in ephemeral ponds. I examine regional patterns of amphibian occupancy and prevalence of the deadly amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobaditis in unexplored high-elevation zones that were until recent decades covered by permanent ice. Next, I examine adaptive strategies that allow these two frog species to persist in the harsh high-elevation environment. Pleurodema marmoratum withstands the daily freeze-thaw cycle by utilizing a wide thermal tolerance range (from below 0ºC to CTmax > 32ºC) and I report the first evidence of frost tolerance in a tropical frog. My research compares divergent strategies allowing two anuran species to persist through disease and variable, extreme conditions in high-mountain environments, providing a better understanding of responses to and consequences of climate change for some of the world's highest life forms.
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Norris, Rachel M. "Morphology and systematics of the Solomon Island Ranid frogs." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/62485.

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The ranid frogs of the Solomon Islands have been known in the taxonomic literature for over 100 years. The Solomon Islands and surrounding islands contain a unique array of direct-developing ranids, most of which are endemic to the island masses on which they live. However, their phylogenetic relationships to each other and to other ranids in the southwest Pacific region have not been defined. Their assumed relationships are based on a restricted sample of osteological characters and the assumption of direct development, inferred from egg size and number. This study validates the Solomon Island taxa (using morphometrics) and explores the biology of the Solomon Island ranids, with detailed osteological descriptions, external morphology and karyology. Using characters from these data sets a cladistic analysis using parsimony reconstructed a phylogeny of these frogs. Morphometric analyses were undertaken on two levels, firstly using principal components analysis (PCA) to assess sexual dimorphism, and secondly using discriminant function analysis (DFA) to test the identity of the taxa. Sexual dimorphism was not recognised ill morphometric characters and so sexes were pooled for the DFA. For Batrachylodes 93.08% of individuals were successfully classified to their actual groups, Discodeles 89.77% and for Platymantis 84.55%. Osteological descriptions of Batrachylodes elegans, B. mediodiscus, B. trossulus, B. vertebralis, B. wolfi, Ceratobatrachus guentheri, Discodeles bufoniformis, D. guppyi, Palmatorappia solomonis, Platymantis guppyi, P. myersi, P. neckeri, P. parkeri, P. solomonis, P. weberi and Rana kreffti are provided. Karyotypes of eight species of ranid frogs from the Solomon Islands were compared and contrasted with the 2n = 26, FN = 52 karyotype of Rana, the typical karyotype of the subfamily Raninae. This karyotype was found in the Solomon Island species of Rana, R. kreffti. Ceratobatrachus guentheri, had an increased 2n of 30, a lower FN of 38, and altered relative lengths and centromere positions of pairs 1-5. These changes could have resulted from centric fissions and pericentric rearrangements which produced an increase in the number of telocentric chromosomes. The remaining seven species (Batrachylodes vertebralis, Discodeles bufoniformis, D. guppyi, Platymantis myersi, P. neckeri, P. solomonis and P. weberi) had reduced diploid numbers and FN. The means by which reduction in 2n and FN has occurred in these species is unknown, but may either involve centric fissions to produce telocentrics, followed by translocation onto other chromosomes, or a process involving pericentric rearrangements to produce telocentric chromosomes followed by fusions of these products. With the exception of Rana, the level of chromosome rearrangements in these frogs that are endemic to the Solomon Islands is high compared with that observed in the continental lineages of this subfamily. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum parsimony found three equally parsimonious trees. Subsequent character reanalysis (successive weighting) produced one parsimonious tree. The phylogenies indicate multiple invasion events into the Solomon Islands by these ranid frogs and despite the high level of endemism, monophyly is not supported.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Environmental Biology, 2002
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Книги з теми "Ranid frogs"

1

Yang, Datong. Phylogenetic systematics of the Amolops group of ranid frogs of Southeastern Asia and the Greater Sunda Islands. Chicago, Ill: Field Museum of Natural History, 1991.

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2

Yang, Datong. Phylogenetic systematics of the Amolops group of ranid frogs of Southeastern Asia and the Greater Sunda Islands. Chicago, Ill: Field Museum of Natural History, 1991.

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3

McGlasson, Helen R. Frog the Dog's Really Rapid Roller Rescue! Sniff and Wag Publishing, 2004.

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Частини книг з теми "Ranid frogs"

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Rosen, Philip C., and Cristina Melendez. "OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATUS OF AQUATIC TURTLES AND THE OCCURRENCE OF RANID FROGS AND OTHER AQUATIC VERTEBRATES IN NORTHWESTERN MEXICO." In Southwestern Desert Resources, 205–24. University of Arizona Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv34h09n5.19.

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2

Levitan, Irwin B., and Leonard K. Kaczmarek. "Synaptic Release of Neurotransmitters." In The Neuron, 187–212. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199773893.003.0009.

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Several specialized synapses, including those in squid stellate ganglion, frog neuromuscular junction, and calyx of Held, have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic terminals. Studies of rapid synaptic transmission have shown that neurotransmitters are released in packets, or quanta, which may correspond to the exocytosis of individual synaptic vesicles. Following an action potential, release is linked in space and time to the entry of calcium though voltage-dependent channels. The amount of transmitter released by a single action potential varies through depression, facilitation, or potentiation during and after repetitive stimulation of a synapse. Mechanisms that induce neurotransmitter release and proteins, such as synapsins, that modulate their release are still not completely understood. Biochemical and genetic experiments that characterize, modify, or eliminate components of synaptic vesicles and release sites, coupled with physiological experiments at specific synapses, provide further insights into the release process.
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Benna, Ibrahim Umar. "Improving Quality of Urban Life Through Enhanced Energy Policy in Africa." In Research Anthology on Clean Energy Management and Solutions, 1363–84. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9152-9.ch059.

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Neither urban quality of life research nor effective urban energy policy research is new in Africa, but funding the future needs in these two areas requires exploring the new options, such as the emerging crowdfunding market. It is projected that by 2100 Africans will account for 40% of global population and majority urban residents, with huge workforce, a growing middle class, experiencing hyper-globalization, and increased innovation, all of which will enhance quality of urban life. For Africa to meet its large-scale energy-deficit and expected huge future demand triggered by rapid and massive urbanization, alternative renewable sources are considered in the supply policy options. Similarly, alternative visions of how energy can contribute to inclusive economic growth in Africa are examined and ways to fund them explored. To leap-frog Africa's development while the traditional funding mechanism helps, sustainable option lies in innovative alternative finance, especially crowdfunding markets in Africa and in diaspora.
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Benna, Ibrahim Umar. "Improving Quality of Urban Life Through Enhanced Energy Policy in Africa." In Crowdfunding and Sustainable Urban Development in Emerging Economies, 255–76. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3952-0.ch013.

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Neither urban quality of life research nor effective urban energy policy research is new in Africa, but funding the future needs in these two areas requires exploring the new options, such as the emerging crowdfunding market. It is projected that by 2100 Africans will account for 40% of global population and majority urban residents, with huge workforce, a growing middle class, experiencing hyper-globalization, and increased innovation, all of which will enhance quality of urban life. For Africa to meet its large-scale energy-deficit and expected huge future demand triggered by rapid and massive urbanization, alternative renewable sources are considered in the supply policy options. Similarly, alternative visions of how energy can contribute to inclusive economic growth in Africa are examined and ways to fund them explored. To leap-frog Africa's development while the traditional funding mechanism helps, sustainable option lies in innovative alternative finance, especially crowdfunding markets in Africa and in diaspora.
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5

Allchin, Douglas. "Respect for Life." In Sacred Bovines. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190490362.003.0035.

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“Respect for life” is a rallying cry among many animal rights activists. They target the use of animals in research, the wearing of fur coats, the hunting of wolves and whales, and more. They deplore, too, dissection in biology classes (essay 26). Ironically, in many of these high-profile cases, “respect for life” seems to mean not a universal respect for all life, but rather a narrow “respect for life-like-us.” The values seem associated primarily with mammals. A little knowledge of biology might broaden the scope of such sentiments, with perhaps some stunning consequences. We observe life in many forms. From cuddly kittens to slithering snakes and spooky spiders. From huge, awesome blue whales to microscopic, one-celled organisms. From lilies to “sea lilies,” which are more closely related to starfish and sea urchins than to plants. And we are related to all of them. That is the startling lesson of evolution. We share ancestry with all these creatures. But how often is the grandeur in this view of life eclipsed by narrower feelings? For example, one hears much fuss over dissection in biology classes—of cats and frogs and fetal pigs. One hears very little objection to dissecting crickets, scallops, or worms. Why? While activists raid research laboratories where mammals are used, no wellspring of objection has emerged about a popular school lab exercise on the survival rates of sowbugs in different environmental conditions, although it assures wholesale death for some populations. Where is the hue and cry over bouquets of fresh-cut roses? Yet all are living. Animal rights advocates frequently express outrage at killing animals for fur. But rarely do we see outrage over leather jackets, which are basically just fur hides without the hair. Leather shoes, leather belts, leather hats, leather gloves, leather bags, leather wallets, leather briefcases, leather watch straps, leather key fobs, leather whatever: there are animal hides everywhere. Shouldn’t we be equally if not more outraged about the disparity of wealth between the persons who buy fur coats and the persons who, despite animal rights, want them but cannot afford them?
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Kovilpillai, Jonathan J. S., Aisyamariam Abdul Uzza, Abtar Darshan Singh, and Yvonne Low. "Instructional Design for Quality Education: Role of A Digital Learning Hub." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.3453.

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Quality education forms the foundation of all educational institutions and is made up of many aspects; a clear, well-thought-out curriculum and instructional design (ID) process, and everything else supporting the curriculum and ID ideals such as learning spaces, well-trained educators, availability of resources, management of processes and monitoring & evaluation exercises. For a long time, design and development of curriculum and ID was treated as a “given”, either because the curriculum was designed by a central body or “ID” was just another “normal” process, which was part and parcel of an employed educator, especially in higher education institutions (HEI). With current changes in the educational landscape whereby there is no guarantee of how a learning segment will be conducted, it is imperative that HEI look at these two components with a wider lens to mitigate possible setbacks and glitches for sustainable and continuing quality education. It has become vital that upskilling of ID is quickly acquired and certified. Considering this, we present a case study of how the Digital Learning Hub at the Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation has designed, developed, and implemented various projects using rapid instructional design methods to leap-frog and enable educators to gain crucial training for the skills and competencies related to instructional design. The aspects discussed include an overview of the newly setup digital learning hub, the amoebic process of achieving quality education, with ID as a core anchor and circumvented by the smart inter-play of stakeholders: students, educators, support staff, and leaders.
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