Статті в журналах з теми "Ramification bounds"
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1
Garza, John. "The Lehmer strength bounds for total ramification." Acta Arithmetica 137, no. 2 (2009): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/aa137-2-5.
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Zak, F. L. "Castelnuovo bounds for higher-dimensional varieties." Compositio Mathematica 148, no. 4 (July 2012): 1085–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x1100738x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractWe give bounds for the Betti numbers of projective algebraic varieties in terms of their classes (degrees of dual varieties of successive hyperplane sections). We also give bounds for classes in terms of ramification volumes (mixed ramification degrees), sectional genus and, eventually, in terms of dimension, codimension and degree. For varieties whose degree is large with respect to codimension, we give sharp bounds for the above invariants and classify the varieties on the boundary, thus obtaining a generalization of Castelnuovo’s theory for curves to varieties of higher dimension.
3
Bary-Soroker, Lior, and Tomer M. Schlank. "SIEVES AND THE MINIMAL RAMIFICATION PROBLEM." Journal of the Institute of Mathematics of Jussieu 19, no. 3 (June 18, 2018): 919–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474748018000257.
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The minimal ramification problem may be considered as a quantitative version of the inverse Galois problem. For a nontrivial finite group $G$, let $m(G)$ be the minimal integer $m$ for which there exists a $G$-Galois extension $N/\mathbb{Q}$ that is ramified at exactly $m$ primes (including the infinite one). So, the problem is to compute or to bound $m(G)$.In this paper, we bound the ramification of extensions $N/\mathbb{Q}$ obtained as a specialization of a branched covering $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}:C\rightarrow \mathbb{P}_{\mathbb{Q}}^{1}$. This leads to novel upper bounds on $m(G)$, for finite groups $G$ that are realizable as the Galois group of a branched covering. Some instances of our general results are: $$\begin{eqnarray}1\leqslant m(S_{k})\leqslant 4\quad \text{and}\quad n\leqslant m(S_{k}^{n})\leqslant n+4,\end{eqnarray}$$ for all $n,k>0$. Here $S_{k}$ denotes the symmetric group on $k$ letters, and $S_{k}^{n}$ is the direct product of $n$ copies of $S_{k}$. We also get the correct asymptotic of $m(G^{n})$, as $n\rightarrow \infty$ for a certain class of groups $G$.Our methods are based on sieve theory results, in particular on the Green–Tao–Ziegler theorem on prime values of linear forms in two variables, on the theory of specialization in arithmetic geometry, and on finite group theory.
4
Caruso, Xavier, and Tong Liu. "Some bounds for ramification of pn-torsion semi-stable representations." Journal of Algebra 325, no. 1 (January 2011): 70–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2010.10.005.
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BRUEGGEMAN, SHARON, and DARRIN DOUD. "LOCAL CORRECTIONS OF DISCRIMINANT BOUNDS AND SMALL DEGREE EXTENSIONS OF QUADRATIC BASE FIELDS." International Journal of Number Theory 04, no. 03 (June 2008): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042108001389.
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Using analytic techniques of Odlyzko and Poitou, we create tables of lower bounds for discriminants of number fields, including local corrections for ideals of known norm. Comparing the lower bounds found in these tables with upper bounds on discriminants of number fields obtained from calculations involving differents, we prove the nonexistence of a number of small degree extensions of quadratic fields having limited ramification. We note that several of our results require the locally corrected bounds.
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LOZANO-ROBLEDO, ÁLVARO, and BENJAMIN LUNDELL. "BOUNDS FOR THE TORSION OF ELLIPTIC CURVES OVER EXTENSIONS WITH BOUNDED RAMIFICATION." International Journal of Number Theory 06, no. 06 (September 2010): 1293–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042110003514.
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Let E be a semi-stable elliptic curve defined over ℚ, and fix N ≥ 2. Let KN/ℚ be a maximal algebraic Galois extension of ℚ whose ramification indices are all at most N. We show that there exists a computable bound B(N), which depends only on N and not on the choice of E/ℚ, such that the size of E(KN) Tors is always at most B(N).
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Jones, John W. "Wild ramification bounds and simple group Galois extensions ramified only at $2$." Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 139, no. 03 (March 1, 2011): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9939-2010-10628-7.
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Assim, J., and A. Movahhedi. "Norm index formula for the Tate kernels and applications." Journal of K-Theory 9, no. 2 (May 24, 2011): 359–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/is011003006jkt135.
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AbstractLet p be an odd prime and L/F a p-extension of number fields with Galois group G. The aim of this paper is to provide answers to a question of Kahn concerning lower bounds for the order of the kernel and cokernel of the functorial map K2F → K2LG. To this end, we first determine a norm index formula for generalized Tate kernels and then express our lower bounds in terms of the ramification in L/F.
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Clark, Pete L., and Xavier Xarles. "Local Bounds for Torsion Points on Abelian Varieties." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 60, no. 3 (June 1, 2008): 532–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-2008-026-x.
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AbstractWe say that an abelian variety over a p-adic field K has anisotropic reduction (AR) if the special fiber of its Néronminimal model does not contain a nontrivial split torus. This includes all abelian varieties with potentially good reduction and, in particular, those with complex or quaternionic multiplication. We give a bound for the size of the K-rational torsion subgroup of a g-dimensional AR variety depending only on g and the numerical invariants of K (the absolute ramification index and the cardinality of the residue field). Applying these bounds to abelian varieties over a number field with everywhere locally anisotropic reduction, we get bounds which, as a function of g, are close to optimal. In particular, we determine the possible cardinalities of the torsion subgroup of an AR abelian surface over the rational numbers, up to a set of 11 values which are not known to occur. The largest such value is 72.
10
Kramer-Miller, Joe. "The monodromy of unit-root F-isocrystals with geometric origin." Compositio Mathematica 158, no. 2 (February 2022): 334–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x2200728x.
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Let $C$ be a smooth curve over a finite field of characteristic $p$ and let $M$ be an overconvergent $\mathbf {F}$ -isocrystal over $C$ . After replacing $C$ with a dense open subset, $M$ obtains a slope filtration. This is a purely $p$ -adic phenomenon; there is no counterpart in the theory of lisse $\ell$ -adic sheaves. The graded pieces of this slope filtration correspond to lisse $p$ -adic sheaves, which we call geometric. Geometric lisse $p$ -adic sheaves are mysterious, as there is no $\ell$ -adic analogue. In this article, we study the monodromy of geometric lisse $p$ -adic sheaves with rank one. More precisely, we prove exponential bounds on their ramification breaks. When the generic slopes of $M$ are integers, we show that the local ramification breaks satisfy a certain type of periodicity. The crux of the proof is the theory of $\mathbf {F}$ -isocrystals with log-decay. We prove a monodromy theorem for these $\mathbf {F}$ -isocrystals, as well as a theorem relating the slopes of $M$ to the rate of log-decay of the slope filtration. As a consequence of these methods, we provide a new proof of the Drinfeld–Kedlaya theorem for irreducible $\mathbf {F}$ -isocrystals on curves.
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Rashid, Muhammad Aamer, Sarfraz Ahmad, Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui, and Mohammed K. A. Kaabar. "On Computation and Analysis of Topological Index-Based Invariants for Complex Coronoid Systems." Complexity 2021 (October 18, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4646501.
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In chemical graph theory, benzenoid systems are interrogated as they exhibit the chemical compounds known as benzenoid hydrocarbons. Benzenoid schemes are circumscribed as planar connected finite graphs having no cut vertices wherein the entire internal sections are collaboratively congruent regular hexagon. The past couple of decennium has acknowledged an extravagant development regarding implementation of information theoretic framework in miscellaneous ramification of science, for instance, in social sciences, biological, physical, and engineering. Explicitly, this tremendous improvement has been outstanding in the field of soft computing, molecular biology, and information technology. The information theory, delineated by Claud Shannon, has no less importance when it was considered. Shannon put forwarded the apprehension of entropy to enumerate upper bounds in transmission rates in telephonic channels, in optical communication, and in wireless. The prestigious feature of entropy is that it entitles the amount of uncertainty in a system. The substantial participation of this paper is to explore characteristics of graph entropies and then keep moving forward to talk about the formation of coronoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Likewise, we estimate entropies through precise topological indices established on degree of terminal nodes.
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Yun, Zhiwei, and Christelle Vincent. "Galois representations attached to moments of Kloosterman sums and conjectures of Evans." Compositio Mathematica 151, no. 1 (October 7, 2014): 68–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x14007593.
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AbstractKloosterman sums for a finite field $\mathbb{F}_{p}$ arise as Frobenius trace functions of certain local systems defined over $\mathbb{G}_{m,\mathbb{F}_{p}}$. The moments of Kloosterman sums calculate the Frobenius traces on the cohomology of tensor powers (or symmetric powers, exterior powers, etc.) of these local systems. We show that when $p$ ranges over all primes, the moments of the corresponding Kloosterman sums for $\mathbb{F}_{p}$ arise as Frobenius traces on a continuous $\ell$-adic representation of $\text{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q})$ that comes from geometry. We also give bounds on the ramification of these Galois representations. All of this is done in the generality of Kloosterman sheaves attached to reductive groups introduced by Heinloth, Ngô and Yun [Ann. of Math. (2) 177 (2013), 241–310]. As an application, we give proofs of conjectures of Evans [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 138 (2010), 517–531; Israel J. Math. 175 (2010), 349–362] expressing the seventh and eighth symmetric power moments of the classical Kloosterman sum in terms of Fourier coefficients of explicit modular forms. The proof for the eighth symmetric power moment conjecture relies on the computation done in Appendix B by C. Vincent.
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Leivant, Daniel, and Bob Constable. "Editorial." Journal of Functional Programming 11, no. 1 (January 2001): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796801009030.
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This issue of the Journal of Functional Programming is dedicated to work presented at the Workshop on Implicit Computational Complexity in Programming Languages, affiliated with the 1998 meeting of the International Conference on Functional Programming in Baltimore.Several machine-independent approaches to computational complexity have been developed in recent years; they establish a correspondence linking computational complexity to conceptual and structural measures of complexity of declarative programs and of formulas, proofs and models of formal theories. Examples include descriptive complexity of finite models, restrictions on induction in arithmetic and related first order theories, complexity of set-existence principles in higher order logic, and specifications in linear logic. We refer to these approaches collectively as Implicit Computational Complexity. This line of research provides a framework for a streamlined incorporation of computational complexity into areas such as formal methods in software development, programming language theory, and database theory.A fruitful thread in implicit computational complexity is based on exploring the computational complexity consequences of introducing various syntactic control mechanisms in functional programming, including restrictions (akin to static typing) on scoping, data re-use (via linear modalities), and iteration (via ramification of data). These forms of control, separately and in combination, can certify bounds on the time and space resources used by programs. In fact, all results in this area establish that each restriction considered yields precisely a major computational complexity class. The complexity classes thus obtained range from very restricted ones, such as NC and Alternating logarithmic time, through the central classes Poly-Time and Poly-Space, to broad classes such as the Elementary and the Primitive Recursive functions.Considerable effort has been invested in recent years to relax as much as possible the structural restrictions considered, allowing for more exible programming and proof styles, while still guaranteeing the same resource bounds. Notably, more exible control forms have been developed for certifying that functional programs execute in Poly-Time.The 1998 workshop covered both the theoretical foundations of the field and steps toward using its results in various implemented systems, for example in controlling the computational complexity of programs extracted from constructive proofs. The five papers included in this issue nicely represent this dual concern of theory and practice. As they are going to print, we should note that the field of Implicit Computational Complexity continues to thrive: successful workshops dedicated to it were affiliated with both the LICS'99 and LICS'00 conferences. Special issues, of Information and Computation dedicated to the former, and of Theoretical Computer Science to the latter, are in preparation.
14
Pirutka, Alena. "A bound to kill the ramification over function fields." Journal of Algebra 377 (March 2013): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2012.11.045.
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Momose, Fumiyuki, and Mahoro Shimura. "Lifting of supersingular points on X0 (pr) and lower bound of ramification index." Nagoya Mathematical Journal 165 (March 2002): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0027763000008199.
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Let K be a finite extension of (= the maximal unramified extension of Qp) of degree eK, its integer ring, p a rational prime and r a positive integer. If there exists a one parameter formal group defined over whose reduction is of height 2 with a cyclic subgroup V of order pr defined over , then .We apply this result to a criterion for non-existence of Q-rational point of . (This criterion is Momose’s theorem in [14] except for the cases p = 5 and p = 13, but our new proof does not require defining equations of modular curves except for the case p = 2.)
16
Hattori, Shin. "On a ramification bound of torsion semi-stable representations over a local field." Journal of Number Theory 129, no. 10 (October 2009): 2474–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnt.2009.04.012.
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Seifert, Udo. "From Stochastic Thermodynamics to Thermodynamic Inference." Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics 10, no. 1 (March 10, 2019): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031218-013554.
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For a large class of nonequilibrium systems, thermodynamic notions like work, heat, and, in particular, entropy production can be identified on the level of fluctuating dynamical trajectories. Within stochastic thermodynamics various fluctuation theorems relating these quantities have been proven. Their application to experimental systems requires that all relevant mesostates are accessible. Recent advances address the typical situation that only partial, or coarse-grained, information about a system is available. Thermodynamic inference as a general strategy uses consistency constraints derived from stochastic thermodynamics to infer otherwise hidden properties of nonequilibrium systems. An important class in this respect are active particles, for which we resolve the conflicting strategies that have been proposed to identify entropy production. As a paradigm for thermodynamic inference, the thermodynamic uncertainty relation provides a lower bound on the entropy production through measurements of the dispersion of any current in the system. Likewise, it quantifies the cost of precision for biomolecular processes. Generalizations and ramifications allow the inference of, inter alia, model-free upper bounds on the efficiency of molecular motors and of the minimal number of intermediate states in enzymatic networks.
18
Johnson, A. E. "Functional ramifications of FRET-detected nascent chain folding far inside the membrane-bound ribosome." Biochemical Society Transactions 32, no. 5 (October 26, 2004): 668–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0320668.
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During protein biosynthesis, nascent protein chains are directed along a long narrow tunnel that spans the large ribosomal subunit. It has recently become clear that this structural feature has evolved to effect regulatory control over aspects of protein synthesis and protein trafficking. Since this control is nascent chain-specific, ribosomal components that form the tunnel must be involved in recognizing selected nascent proteins as they pass by. The present study focuses on one such situation in which nascent secretory proteins and membrane proteins are distinguished by the ribosome-induced folding of the latter's hydrophobic transmembrane sequence far inside the ribosomal tunnel and close to the peptidyltransferase centre.
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Spriano, Luca. "Well Ramified Extensions of Complete Discrete Valuation Fields with Applications to the Kato Conductor." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 52, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 1269–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-2000-053-1.
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AbstractWe study extensions L/K of complete discrete valuation fields K with residue field of characteristic p > 0, which we do not assume to be perfect. Our work concerns ramification theory for such extensions, in particular we show that all classical properties which are true under the hypothesis “the residue field extensionis separable” are still valid under the more general hypothesis that the valuation ring extension is monogenic. We also show that conversely, if classical ramification properties hold true for an extension L/K, then the extension of valuation rings is monogenic. These are the “well ramified” extensions. We show that there are only three possible types of well ramified extensions and we give examples. In the last part of the paper we consider, for the three types, Kato’s generalization of the conductor, which we show how to bound in certain cases.
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Bhattacharjee, M. C. "The Time to Extinction of Branching Processes and Log-Convexity: I." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 1, no. 3 (July 1987): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964800000048.
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We show that the time to extinction in critical or subcritical Galton–Watson and Markov branching processes has the antiaging property of log-convex density, and therefore has the decreasing failure rate (DFR) property of reliability theory. Apart from providing new insights into the structure of such extinction time distributions, which cannot generally be expressed in a closed form, a consequence of our result is that one can invoke sharp reliability bounds to provide very simple bounds on the tail and other characteristics of the extinction time distribution. The limit distribution of the residual time to extinction in the subcritical case also follows as a direct consequence. A sequel to this paper will further consider the critical case and other ramifications of the log-convexity of the extinction time distribution.
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Ruys, Tom. "THE ROLE OF STATE IMMUNITY AND ACT OF STATE IN THE NM CHERRY BLOSSOM CASE AND THE WESTERN SAHARA DISPUTE." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 68, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589318000349.
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AbstractIn early 2018, the Polisario Front and the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) obtained a favourable ruling from the South African Courts, granting the SADR ownership over a cargo of phosphate aboard the NM Cherry Blossom originating from a mine in the Moroccan-controlled part of the Western Sahara. Although hitherto largely unnoticed in legal circles, the Cherry Blossom case raises important questions concerning the outer bounds of State immunity and the scope of the act of State doctrine. In addition, the case holds potentially far-reaching ramifications for the international legal order if other domestic courts were to follow suit.
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Ford, Michael D., and Jason S. Link. "Bounds on Biomass Estimates and Energetic Consequences of Ctenophora in the Northeast U.S. Shelf Ecosystem." International Journal of Oceanography 2014 (January 29, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/851809.
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Previous descriptions have noted that the stomach samples of spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, showed a major increase in the overall occurrence and hence implied abundance of Ctenophora. This apparent and persistent gelatinous zooplankton outbreak is increasingly more common in the world’s oceans. We briefly explore the energetic ramifications of ctenophores in the spiny dogfish diet, inferring that the presence of gelatinous zooplankton represents an ambient feeding strategy. Relative to other prey, ctenophores are not a high energy density prey item. However, given varying assumptions of the amount of ctenophores consumed, they may be an important staple in the diet of spiny dogfish. We also examine the utility of using spiny dogfish as a gelatinous zooplankton sampling device. Using five calculation methodologies, we provide bounds on potential abundance and biomass estimates of ctenophores in the Northeast U.S. shelf ecosystem. We then contextualize these findings relative to the implications for the Northeast U.S. and any large marine ecosystem.
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Safuan, Safuan. "STUDI LITERATUR KEPEMIMPINAN WIRAUSAHA DALAM MENGHADAPI TANTANGAN GLOBAL." Jurnal Manajemen Industri dan Logistik 1, no. 2 (December 2, 2018): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30988/jmil.v1i2.17.
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The progressions have raises new standards and every organization is required to roll out improvements quick, right and adaptable, in light of the fact that generally the organization will be hard to contend all around later on. The ramifications of worldwide ecological change expects organization to change the methodology of the organization that initially situated to nearby all inclusive arranged, to the organization without bounds should dependably be inviting to future hierarchical changes keeping in mind the end goal to have the capacity to be leaders of progress later on. It takes entrepreneurial leadership to react to difficulties of worldwide change with the goal that the organization can adjust and still exist in zone of worldwide rivalry.
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Brugallé, Erwan, Pierre-Vincent Koseleff, and Daniel Pecker. "On the lexicographic degree of two-bridge knots." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 25, no. 07 (June 2016): 1650044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216516500449.
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We study the degree of polynomial representations of knots. We obtain the lexicographic degree for two-bridge torus knots and generalized twist knots. The proof uses the braid theoretical method developed by Orevkov to study real plane curves, combined with previous results from [Chebyshev diagrams for two-bridge knots, Geom. Dedicata 150 (2010) 405–425; E. Brugallé, P.-V. Koseleff, D. Pecker, Untangling trigonal diagrams, to appear in J. Knot Theory and its Ramifications]. We also give a sharp lower bound for the lexicographic degree of any knot, using real polynomial curves properties.
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McElroy, Tucker S., Anindya Roy, James Livsey, Theresa Firestine, and Ken Notis. "Anticipating revisions in the Transportation Services Index." Statistical Journal of the IAOS 37, no. 2 (June 3, 2021): 641–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-200686.
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The Transportation Services Index (TSI) lags two months from its release date due to source data availability, and it is desirable to publish a preliminary TSI that is advanced two months ahead. We model and forecast TSI with a co-integrated Vector Autoregression, also considering two explanatory series that do not have publication delay. Thus we are able to produce forecasts and nowcasts of the index, and we demonstrate that – during normal economic conditions – out-of-sample performance is within the scope expected by the forecast confidence intervals. We also examine the performance of the models at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the large forecast errors at this regime change are beyond the bounds indicated by our model. The practical ramifications of this methodology is discussed.
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Sidek, Noor Zahirah Mohd. "Do Political Institutions Affect Housing Prices in Malaysia?" Asian Social Science 14, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n12p134.
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This paper examines the relationship between housing price and political institutions. Political institutions is captured by elections, the role of elected government and their ramifications, and economic governance. Furthermore, the outcome of political choice on the economy is capture via economic freedom. Data ranges from 1988 to 2015. The choice of variable and time frame is highly restricted to availability of data. The effect of political institution on housing prices is examined using the ARDL bounds testing to test for both short and long run effects. Results show that elections have important effects on housing prices where prior to elections the effect is positive and negative after elections. Based on the results we recommend a strong and balance democratic regime to ensure a more stable housing prices. Strong political will is expected to curb excessive increase in housing prices in the long run.
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MATONE, MARCO. "THE HIGGS MODEL FOR ANYONS AND LIOUVILLE ACTION: CHAOTIC SPECTRUM, ENERGY GAP AND EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE." Modern Physics Letters A 09, no. 18 (June 14, 1994): 1673–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732394001519.
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The requirements of geodesic completeness and self-adjointness imply that the Hamiltonian for anyons is the Laplacian with respect to the Weil-Petersson metric. This metric is complete on the Deligne-Mumford compactification of moduli (configuration) space. The structure of this compactification fixes the possible anyon configurations. This allows us to identify anyons with singularities (elliptic points with ramification q−1) in the Poincare metric implying that anyon spectrum is chaotic for n≥3. Furthermore, the bound on the holomorphic sectional curvature of moduli spaces implies a gap in the energy spectrum. For q=0 (punctures) anyons are infinitely separated in the Poincare metric (hard core). This indicates that the exclusion principle has a geometrical interpretation. Finally we give the differential equation satisfied by the generating function for volumes of the configuration space of anyons.
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Welton, Rebekah. "Eating Upon the Mountains: Deviant Consumption and Commensality." Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East 1, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/aijls.v1i1.1686.
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This article uses sociological and anthropological approaches to assess cases of deviant consumption in Hebrew Bible texts. Drawing together key concepts such as commensality and deviance, the importance of eating within the bounds of culturally constructed norms is emphasised. Food is a significant part of material culture that assists in the construction of individual and group identities. Consequently, deviation from normative food habits has serious ramifications on group identity and cohesion. For authors of Hebrew Bible texts, eating in a way that did not render Yahweh jealous was a key aspect of eating practices that were deemed acceptable. These practices included shared meals between human and divine participants, and the proper sharing of food within Yahweh’s cult. By focusing on the social reaction to certain deviant consumption events, the deviantisation processes used by the authors of ancient Hebrew texts are highlighted, rather than asserting the existence of any inherent “wrong.”
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Stumpf, Michael P. H., and Carsten Wiuf. "Incomplete and noisy network data as a percolation process." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 7, no. 51 (April 8, 2010): 1411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0044.
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We discuss the ramifications of noisy and incomplete observations of network data on the existence of a giant connected component (GCC). The existence of a GCC in a random graph can be described in terms of a percolation process, and building on general results for classes of random graphs with specified degree distributions we derive percolation thresholds above which GCCs exist. We show that sampling and noise can have a profound effect on the perceived existence of a GCC and find that both processes can destroy it. We also show that the absence of a GCC puts a theoretical upper bound on the false-positive rate and relate our percolation analysis to experimental protein–protein interaction data.
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Rodgers, Dennis. "Telling Tales?" Conflict and Society 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arcs.2021.070108.
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The ethnographic representation of violence is a controversial issue, involving debates about (avoiding) sensationalism or (acknowledging) emotionality, for example. Less considered is how the subjective nature of ethnography and the fact that ethnographic narratives are always situated can have ramifications for both interpreting and representing violence, particularly in the context of longitudinal ethnographic research. Drawing on my investigations into Nicaraguan gang dynamics begun in 1996, this article explores the subjectivity of the longitudinal ethnographic experience of violence both in and out of “the field” through three specific examples. These highlight in different ways how ethnographic understanding is highly situational and time-bound, meaning that longitudinal research is particularly prone to episodes of discomfiting conceptual disjuncture. At the same time, it is precisely this that arguably imbues it with exceptional power and insight.
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Kothawala, Dawood. "Small-scale structure of spacetime and its implications." International Journal of Modern Physics D 28, no. 06 (April 2019): 1950079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271819500792.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
If there exists a lower bound [Formula: see text] to spacetime intervals which is Lorentz-invariant, then the effective description of spacetime that incorporates such a lower bound must necessarily be nonlocal. Such a nonlocal description can be derived using standard tools of differential geometry, but using as basic variables certain bi-tensors instead of the conventional metric tensor [Formula: see text]. This allows one to construct a qmetric [Formula: see text], using the Synge’s world function [Formula: see text] and the van Vleck determinant [Formula: see text], that incorporates the lower bound on spacetime intervals. The same nonanalytic structure of the reconstructed spacetime which renders a perturbative expansion in [Formula: see text] meaningless, will then also generically leave a non-trivial “relic” in the limit [Formula: see text]. We present specific results derived from [Formula: see text] where such a relic term manifests, and discuss several implications of the same. Specifically, we will discuss how these results: (i) suggest a description of gravitational dynamics different from the conventional one based on the Einstein–Hilbert Lagrangian, (ii) imply a dimensional reduction to [Formula: see text] at small scales and (iii) can be significant for the idea that the cosmological constant itself might be related to some nonlocal vestige of the small-scale structure of spacetime. We will conclude by discussing the ramifications of these ideas in the context of quantum gravity.
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BUCUR, ALINA, EDGAR COSTA, CHANTAL DAVID, JOÃO GUERREIRO, and DAVID LOWRY–DUDA. "Traces, high powers and one level density for families of curves over finite fields." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 165, no. 2 (July 31, 2017): 225–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030500411700041x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe zeta function of a curve C over a finite field may be expressed in terms of the characteristic polynomial of a unitary matrix ΘC. We develop and present a new technique to compute the expected value of tr(ΘCn) for various moduli spaces of curves of genus g over a fixed finite field in the limit as g is large, generalising and extending the work of Rudnick [Rud10] and Chinis [Chi16]. This is achieved by using function field zeta functions, explicit formulae, and the densities of prime polynomials with prescribed ramification types at certain places as given in [BDF+16] and [Zha]. We extend [BDF+16] by describing explicit dependence on the place and give an explicit proof of the Lindelöf bound for function field Dirichlet L-functions L(1/2 + it, χ). As applications, we compute the one-level density for hyperelliptic curves, cyclic ℓ-covers, and cubic non-Galois covers.
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Adaway, Joanne, Brian Keevil, Annmarie Miller, Phillip J. Monaghan, Nicola Merrett, and Laura Owen. "Ramifications of variability in sex hormone-binding globulin measurement by different immunoassays on the calculation of free testosterone." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 57, no. 1 (November 19, 2019): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004563219888549.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein which binds hormones such as testosterone. Around 97% of circulating testosterone is bound to SHBG or albumin and is therefore biologically unavailable; 2–3% of testosterone is free. Free testosterone is very technically challenging to quantify; in order to circumvent this problem, equations using testosterone and SHBG are used to estimate free testosterone. We decided to determine the effect of using different SHBG immunoassays on calculated free testosterone results. Design Anonymized surplus serum samples were analysed for SHBG on four different immunoassay platforms (Abbott Architect, Roche, Beckman and Siemens). The SHBG results were used to generate a Vermeulen calculated free testosterone. Results Beckman Access and Siemens Centaur both gave results close to the overall mean. Roche gave the highest SHBG concentrations with Abbott Architect producing the lowest results. Abbott Architect gave the highest calculated free testosterone results, followed by Beckman. Roche gave the lowest results. Sixty-five per cent of male samples had low calculated free testosterone and 27.5% of the females had high calculated free testosterone using the SHBG from the Abbott assay compared with 69% low male calculated free testosterone and 20% high female calculated free testosterone with the Roche assay. Conclusion Our results have shown significant differences in SHBG results produced by different analysers and subsequently the calculated free testosterone, which may affect result interpretation if method-specific reference ranges for calculated free testosterone are not used. Care should be taken to ensure reference ranges are appropriate for the analyser used to avoid misdiagnosis of hypo or hyperandrogenism, and ensure patients get the most appropriate treatment.
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GONZÁLEZ-MENESES, JUAN, and PEDRO M. G. MANCHÓN. "A GEOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE UPPER BOUND FOR THE SPAN OF THE JONES POLYNOMIAL." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 20, no. 07 (July 2011): 1059–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216511009005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Let D be a link diagram with n crossings, sA and sB be its extreme states and |sAD| (respectively, |sBD|) be the number of simple closed curves that appear when smoothing D according to sA (respectively, sB). We give a general formula for the sum |sAD| + |sBD| for a k-almost alternating diagram D, for any k, characterizing this sum as the number of faces in an appropriate triangulation of an appropriate surface with boundary. When D is dealternator connected, the triangulation is especially simple, yielding |sAD| + |sBD| = n + 2 - 2k. This gives a simple geometric proof of the upper bound of the span of the Jones polynomial for dealternator connected diagrams, a result first obtained by Zhu [On Kauffman brackets, J. Knot Theory Ramifications6(1) (1997) 125–148.]. Another upper bound of the span of the Jones polynomial for dealternator connected and dealternator reduced diagrams, discovered historically first by Adams et al. [Almost alternating links, Topology Appl.46(2) (1992) 151–165.], is obtained as a corollary. As a new application, we prove that the Turaev genus is equal to the number k of dealternator crossings for any dealternator connected diagram.
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Gopinath, R., P. E. Walton, and T. D. Etherton. "An acid-stable insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein from pig serum inhibits binding of IGF-I and IGF-II to vascular endothelial cells." Journal of Endocrinology 120, no. 2 (February 1989): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1200231.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The effects of a porcine insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein on binding of IGF-I and IGF-II to porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) were determined. Binding of 125I-labelled IGF-I and -II to IGF receptors was inhibited by IGF-binding protein. IGF-binding protein inhibited binding of IGF-I and -II in a dose-dependent manner with half-maximal inhibition occurring at 5·43 and 108 μg/l respectively. A125I-labelled IGF-I–IGF-binding protein complex, formed by incubating 125I-labelled IGF-I with IGF-binding protein overnight at 4 °C, did not effectively bind to endothelial IGF receptors. Addition of IGF-binding protein to PAEC previously incubated with IGF-I caused a marked dissociation of bound IGF-I (47% dissociation within 12 h). These results indicate that the acid-stable IGF-binding protein which appears to be a part of the 150 kDa GH-dependent binding protein, blocks binding of IGF-I and -II by the IGF receptors and appears to exhibit a higher affinity for IGF-I than the endothelial type-I IGF receptor. The ramifications of this latter point with respect to transfer of circulating IGFs (bound to their IGF-binding proteins) across the vascular endothelium are not clear. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 120, 231–236
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Armstrong, William W. "Communication in the Sciences as Seen through Physics and Chemistry: A Look at the Complex Relationship between Author, Publisher, and Distributor as They Relate to the Reader." College & Research Libraries 66, no. 2 (March 1, 2005): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.66.2.98.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Writing has long been the primary means of communicating in the sciences, yet the nature of the written word is rapidly changing as we enter a new era of electronic communications and virtual realities. This article examines some of these changes, particularly as they pertain to the disciplines of chemistry and physics and, most important, within the scope of the complex relationship between authors, publishers, and distributors (distributors in this case being academic libraries). This examination involves looking at changes within this triumvirate, the relationship each of the three has with the other, and ramifications of the changes as we peer into the near future. The three members of the triumvirate are intricately and inextricably bound together, and problems that occur within any one component will inevitably affect the others, imperiling the relationship between writer and reader. Such potential problems are brought to light in this article.
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Yeboah, Samuel Asuamah, and Boateng Kwadwo Prempeh. "An econometric modelling of the savings – investments nexus for Ghana." Economic Consultant 33, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.46224/ecoc.2021.1.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The problem under discussion is whether savings are associated with investments in the long-term and whether savings predict investment with feedback or not. Addressing the problem is important since it informs policy formulation in the financial sector in ensuring efficient financial intermediation. The purpose of the article is looks at the savings-investment relationship for Ghana during the period 1960 to 2016. Methodology. Utilizing ARDL (with bounds testing) approach, the Granger predictive test, the Generalised Impulse Response Function, and Variance decomposition function. Results. The results indicate that a 1% increase in savings, GDP and financial development would result in a 0.069%, 0.266% and 0.125% increase respectively in investment in the short-term. It is discovered that savings do not cause investment in the long-run but rather in the short-run. The Granger causality test establishes a unidirectional causality running from savings to investment in the short-run. Discussion and Conclusion. The ramifications of the finding are that there is capital fixed status globally. Future examinations ought to consider structural break(s) issues as well as panel analysis to determine if the findings of the current study would be reproduced.
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Shapiro, David S. "The Role of the Scarecrow in Surgery." American Surgeon 88, no. 12 (November 1, 2022): 2802–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00031348221101596.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1998, a Wyoming cyclist noticed what he initially thought was a scarecrow was actually a person. When he took the time to investigate, he found Matthew Shepherd bound to a fence, beaten and left for dead, attacked for being gay. This heinous act of hatred represented a shift in how the United States treats hate crimes, leveeing severe ramifications for the motivations themselves. Although progress has been made, many in medicine who identify in as LGBTQI+ choose to conceal their truths out of fear. With available evidence suggesting a worsening shortage of surgeons in the country, populations of interested people cannot be excluded. Data on representation is severely lacking but is key to attract candidates; inclusivity, modern vocabularies, and the demonstration of engagement are important. Surgical organizations must understand the importance of being a welcoming, mentoring, and allying environment for interested LGBTQI+ candidates, serving as beacons for their interest, or we will simply remain complicit in seeing only scarecrows.
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Sant, Andrea. "A Rehearsal for Revolution: The Hybrid Persona of the Graduate Student Teacher." Persona Studies 1, no. 2 (October 30, 2015): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/ps2015vol1no2art476.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This mixed-form essay examines the graduate student teacher (GST) by utilizing Augusto Boal’s concept of the spect-actor. This theatre concept is used to illuminate two distinct aspects of the graduate student-teachers’ persona: first their initiation into theoretical literacy, and second, their opportunity for vigorous critical, even revolutionary activism. An embedded graduate student essay explores the author’s personal GST experience within a larger frame of current U.S. university employment trends and against the author’s current university experiences and performances. This work asks: What kinds of power do GSTs command? What kinds of power are they bound by, in their simultaneous, hybrid performance of students and teachers? And, in light of the growing numbers of part-time and temporary faculty teaching at U.S. institutions, what are the ramifications of a shrinking minority of university faculty (the tenured) wielding primacy in institutional policy making and the creation and maintenance of the social and workplace culture? The essay concludes by exploring these issues at the author’s institution, the University of Guam.
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Steenkamp, Robert C., and Cameron Jefferies. "In Pursuit of the White Whale of Cooperation." Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy 5, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 245–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519391-05020002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract On 26 December 2018, Japan announced that it would withdraw from the International Whaling Commission (iwc) and indicated its intention to begin commercial whaling for the first time in 30 years. Despite the ethical and political outcry from several States, the legal ramifications of Japan’s withdrawal requires further analysis. This article examines the relationship between Japan and the iwc ex ante and ex post Japan’s withdrawal. Such an examination highlights the influence that Japan’s international duty to cooperate in the conservation and management of cetaceans might have across various international instruments. Japan is no longer bound by the recommendations and resolutions of the iwc; however, Japan remains a member of both the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. With this in mind, the article examines the interaction between these three international instruments as well as the influence that such interaction might have on Japan’s international obligation to cooperate in the conservation of cetaceans.
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Ziarati, P., D. Moradi, and V. Vambol. "BIOADSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS FROM THE PHARMACEUTICAL EFFLUENTS, CONTAMINATED SOILS AND WATER BY FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL WASTE: A SHORT REVIEW." Labour protection problems in Ukraine 36, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36804/nndipbop.36-2.2020.3-7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil and water resources pollution by heavy metals, specially originated from anthropogenic sources, as a result of their toxicity ramification on human health, has been known as a major and serious environmental problem for last few decades. Particularly relevant is the problem of pharmaceutical wastewater, as this wastewater contains active pharmaceutical ingredients and a wide range of heavy metals. In the same time the food waste is commonly produced in all the steps of food life cycle, such as during agricultural production, industrial manufacturing, processing and distribution and even consumer-generated in the context of private households. Mostly they have high-value components such as phytochemicals, proteins, flavour compounds, polysaccharides, fibers, and which can be re-used as nutraceuticals and functional ingredients. The research aim is to study the potential of food and agricultural waste to remove heavy metals from contaminated water and soil. The study the potential of food and agricultural waste to remove heavy metals from contaminated water and soil was conducted on the basis of open scientific sources. Scientific sources were selected by keywords no later than 2003 or with high citation value. Bio-sorption is a relatively new process that has proven very promising for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Due to the higher affinity of the adsorbent for the adsorbate species, the latter is attracted and bound there by different mechanisms. The process continues till equilibrium is established between the amount of solid-bound adsorbate species and its portion remaining in the solution. The feasibility of using an adsorbent is based on the cost of the bio sorbent has to be optimum, as they often are made from abundant or waste material. Peel of citrus and pomegranate, vegetables peel, fruit pit shell, tea and herbal tea waste and agricultural waste mix demonstrate great potential as bio-adsorbent.
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McDonald, Blair. "Friendship's Future: Derrida's Promising Thought." Derrida Today 2, no. 2 (November 2009): 210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1754850009000542.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper will address the political and ethical ramifications of Derrida's concern for friendship in relation to his concerns with the future of democracy, rights of hospitality and cosmopolitics. The questions addressed read as follows: Is there a way we can get beyond this stance which not only consolidates a friendship of the ‘perhaps’ with a friendship of the promise, but also implicates their consolidation with the very future of what we today call democracy? Is there a way in which we can substantiate something more than a romanticized call for a future integration of friendship and democracy while avoiding the pitfalls of on one hand, substantiating a model of friendship for politics or, on the other, offering a disguised and naïve return to a metaphysics of friendship as the saving grace of social unity? Through a close reading of the conclusion to Politics of Friendship as well as his concerns with friendship in Spectres of Marx and Rogues: Two Essays on Reason it will be argued that Derrida's insistence on the future of friendship is bound up with the notion of an ethical promise to the thought of friendship as the condition for its political and ethical relevance.
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London, Justin. "Cognitive Constraints on Metric Systems: Some Observations and Hypotheses." Music Perception 19, no. 4 (2002): 529–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2002.19.4.529.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper is a music-theoretic discussion of various studies on rhythmic perception and performance and their ramifications for discussions of musical meter. Meter is defined as a stable and recurring pattern of hierarchically structured temporal expectations. Metrical patterns, although related to the pattern of interonset intervals present in the musical surface, are distinct from that pattern. Studies of subjective rhythmization, spontaneous tempo, pulse perception, durational discrimination, and so forth are discussed with respect to their implications for meter. Not only do there seem to be upper and lower bounds for musical meter (from ≅≅100 ms to ≅≅6 s, depending on context), but there also appear to be important thresholds within this range (around 200––250 ms, 500––700 ms, and 1.5––2.0 s). Interactions between beats (i.e., interonset intervals between expectancies occurring at the rate perceived as the tactus), beat subdivision, and changes in tempo are discussed, and it is hypothesized that beat perception may require (at least potentially) the perception of a concomitant level of subdivision. The interactions between beat interonset interval, subdivision interonset interval, and various thresholds may also explain (in part) some of the differences in the expressive and/or motional character of rhythmic figures (duplets versus triplets) at different tempos. Last, a broader discussion of systematic relationships in larger metrical systems with respect to tempo is given. It is shown that the choice of tempo systematically constrains the number and kind of metric patterns that are available to the listener.
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Kern, Nicholas S., and Adrian Liu. "Gaussian process foreground subtraction and power spectrum estimation for 21 cm cosmology." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 501, no. 1 (December 2, 2020): 1463–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3736.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT One of the primary challenges in enabling the scientific potential of 21 cm intensity mapping at the epoch of reionization (EoR) is the separation of astrophysical foreground contamination. Recent works have claimed that Gaussian process regression (GPR) can robustly perform this separation, particularly at low Fourier k wavenumbers where the EoR signal reaches its peak signal-to-noise ratio. We revisit this topic by casting GPR foreground subtraction (GPR-FS) into the quadratic estimator formalism, thereby putting its statistical properties on stronger theoretical footing. We find that GPR-FS can distort the window functions at these low k modes, which, without proper decorrelation, make it difficult to probe the EoR power spectrum. Incidentally, we also show that GPR-FS is in fact closely related to the widely studied inverse covariance weighting of the optimal quadratic estimator. As a case study, we look at recent power spectrum upper limits from the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) that utilized GPR-FS. We pay close attention to their normalization scheme, showing that it is particularly sensitive to signal loss when the EoR covariance is misestimated. This has possible ramifications for recent astrophysical interpretations of the LOFAR limits, because many of the EoR models ruled out do not fall within the bounds of the covariance models explored by LOFAR. Being more robust to this bias, we conclude that the quadratic estimator is a more natural framework for implementing GPR-FS and computing the 21 cm power spectrum.
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Petrea, Galina. "Lexical Opertaions and Structural Flexibility of MWUs." Intertext, no. 1(59) (July 2022): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54481/intertext.2022.1.05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Multiword Units constitute the study object of semantics, linguistics, cognitive psychology, lexicography and obviously, machine translation. Different taxonomies, typologies and classifications exist, there are debates regarding the denomination of the hyperonymic concept and its ramifications, which we take note of. These linguistic units make up a significative layer of the language, and is present in the registers belonging to different functional styles in different proportions. The present article explores the degree of flexibility, cohesion, formulaicity and syntagmatic mobility of MWUs in a special publicistic genre – the TED discourse. Our aim is to study how these prefabricated, bound lexical units behave in the live texture of language, as is used by diverse personalities starting from Nobel Prize laureates, to researchers, innovators, explorers, motivational speakers, influencers. The conclusion is that the vast majority of MWUs can be subjected to morphological variation to fit the context. The most productive lexical operation encountered in our case studies is lexical modification consisting in altering, adjusting, changing one element of the MWU without breaking its collective meaning. In what concerns the structural flexibility, there are several cases of fronting, topicalization, passivization, nominalization, clefting. Overall the cases of structural flexibility are clearly operated with a stylistic effect in view and more exactly – for emphasis.
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Gingrich, Andre. "Sharī‘a Scripts: A Historical Anthropology." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 36, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v36i4.661.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
While the Yemen seems to be stumbling from one disaster into the next, it is good to see how some of the best experts in Yemeni studies continue their work in ways that will be useful in the country’s future. The present volume is not only bound to become recognized soon as the magnum opus by Brinkley Messick, professor of anthropology and Middle Eastern, South Asian and African studies at Columbia University and one of the world’s leading experts in Yemeni studies today. More importantly still, Sharī‘a Scripts features all the qualities required for a true academic milestone in Yemen-related scholarship for decades to come, with potential ramifications for the historical and legal anthropology of the Middle East at large. This volume is based on half a lifetime of analytical and comparative studies that began during the author’s first fieldwork period in the central and southern highlands of northern Yemen during the 1970s. Messick meticulously examines the structures of jurisprudence (the “library” in his terms) with the methodologies and techniques of textual scholarship, while relating it to the “archive” of records concerning everyday interactions in legal life as embedded within the practical interplay of fields between orality and scriptural statements.
To download full review, click on PDF.
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Gingrich, Andre. "Sharī‘a Scripts." American Journal of Islam and Society 36, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v36i4.661.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
While the Yemen seems to be stumbling from one disaster into the next, it is good to see how some of the best experts in Yemeni studies continue their work in ways that will be useful in the country’s future. The present volume is not only bound to become recognized soon as the magnum opus by Brinkley Messick, professor of anthropology and Middle Eastern, South Asian and African studies at Columbia University and one of the world’s leading experts in Yemeni studies today. More importantly still, Sharī‘a Scripts features all the qualities required for a true academic milestone in Yemen-related scholarship for decades to come, with potential ramifications for the historical and legal anthropology of the Middle East at large. This volume is based on half a lifetime of analytical and comparative studies that began during the author’s first fieldwork period in the central and southern highlands of northern Yemen during the 1970s. Messick meticulously examines the structures of jurisprudence (the “library” in his terms) with the methodologies and techniques of textual scholarship, while relating it to the “archive” of records concerning everyday interactions in legal life as embedded within the practical interplay of fields between orality and scriptural statements.
To download full review, click on PDF.
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Pelden, Sonam, Elizabeth Reid Boyd, Madalena Grobbelaar, Kwadwo Adusei-Asante, and Lucy Hopkins. "Ladies, Gentlemen and Guys: The Gender Politics of Politeness." Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (February 15, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8020056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Are there ladies and gentlemen in the 21st century? Do we need them? In the 20th century, lady became particularly unpopular with second wave feminists, who preferred ‘woman’. Gentleman was seen as similarly politically incorrect: class, race and culture bound. Following previous research on the word lady, we explore here some current evocations and debates around these words. We consider how the more casual, etymologically gendered term ‘guy’ has been utilized for men and women, and how it functions to reflect and obscure gender. While the return of the lady might be considered a consumer fad, a neo-conservative post-feminist backlash, or nostalgia for an elite ‘polite society’, it also offers an opportunity for a deeper discussion about civility as part of a broader conversation that is gaining impetus in the Western world. Politeness is personal and political. Whilst evidence for a comeback of the gentleman is limited, we critically consider the re-emergence of the lady as reflecting a deeper desire for applied sexual and social ethics. Such gender ethics have global, social and cultural ramifications that we ought not to underestimate. The desire for a culture of civility is gaining momentum as we are increasingly confronted with the violent consequences of a culture without it.
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Simpson, Ian A., Padmavathi Ponnuru, Marianne E. Klinger, Roland L. Myers, Kavi Devraj, Christopher L. Coe, Gabriele R. Lubach, Anthony Carruthers, and James R. Connor. "A Novel Model for Brain Iron Uptake: Introducing the Concept of Regulation." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 35, no. 1 (October 15, 2014): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2014.168.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Neurologic disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease, and Restless Legs Syndrome involve a loss of brain iron homeostasis. Moreover, iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional concern worldwide with many associated cognitive and neural ramifications. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which iron enters the brain and how those processes are regulated addresses significant global health issues. The existing paradigm assumes that the endothelial cells (ECs) forming the blood—brain barrier (BBB) serve as a simple conduit for transport of transferrin-bound iron. This concept is a significant oversimplification, at minimum failing to account for the iron needs of the ECs. Using an in vivo model of brain iron deficiency, the Belgrade rat, we show the distribution of transferrin receptors in brain microvasculature is altered in luminal, intracellular, and abluminal membranes dependent on brain iron status. We used a cell culture model of the BBB to show the presence of factors that influence iron release in non-human primate cerebrospinal fluid and conditioned media from astrocytes; specifically apo-transferrin and hepcidin were found to increase and decrease iron release, respectively. These data have been integrated into an interactive model where BBB ECs are central in the regulation of cerebral iron metabolism.
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Dodd, Nigel. "On Simmel's Pure Concept of Money: A Response to Ingham." European Journal of Sociology 48, no. 2 (August 2007): 273–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975607000379.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In “Laundering ‘Money’: On the Need for Conceptual Clarity within the Sociology of Money”, I explored the conceptual ramifications of recent developments in the sociology of money. These developments corresponded to what appear to be two countervailing trends in the world of money: homogenisation and diversification. The second trend, particularly, raises important conceptual questions about how money should be defined, and I sought to address these through an analysis of the work of prominent monetary scholars such as Cohen, Hart, Ingham and Zelizer. My central aim was to bring greater clarity to a field – the sociology of money – lacking a commonly agreed definition of its core object of study, namely money. The article was motivated by an underlying sense that these scholars were talking past each other. One significant reason seemed to be that two terms that should be central to a meaningful engagement among leading sociologists of money – money and currency – were being used in different and incompatible ways. This was the “conceptual confusion” I referred to: not a confusion specific to any individual monetary scholar, but rather a confusion bound to arise from any comparison of their work. I aimed to propose a conceptual framework wherein their different analyses could be more usefully compared (2). Of these scholars, both Hart (3) and Zelizer have constructively responded to my proposals without, of course, agreeing with them all.