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Статті в журналах з теми "Raman fiber lasers"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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1

Li, Ziyan, Wenxi Pei, Hao Li, Wei Huang, Xuanxi Li, Zefeng Wang та Jinbao Chen. "D2-Filled Hollow-Core Fiber Gas Raman Laser at 2.15 μm". Photonics 9, № 10 (11 жовтня 2022): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9100753.

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Анотація:

Fiber lasers around 2 µm band have attractive applications, such as coherent detecting, material processing, pump source for mid-IR lasers based on nonlinear frequency shift, etc. Fiber gas Raman lasers (FGRLs) based on the stimulated Raman scattering of the gas molecules filled in the hollow-core fibers (HCFs) have been proved an efficient method to enrich the wavelengths of fiber lasers. In this paper, we demonstrated a deuterium-filled fiber gas Raman laser working at 2147 nm. The pump laser is directly coupled into the HCF through the fusion splice between the HCF and the solid-core fiber. By adjusting the pressure, fiber length as well as the repetition frequency of the 1971 nm pump laser, a maximum average Raman power of ~2.57 W was obtained, with corresponding efficiency of ~40%. This work provides a simple and compact configuration for 2.1 µm fiber lasers, which is significant for their application.

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2

Pei, Wenxi, Hao Li, Wei Huang, Meng Wang, and Zefeng Wang. "All-Fiber Gas Raman Laser by D2-Filled Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers." Photonics 8, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8090382.

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We report here an all-fiber structure tunable gas Raman laser based on deuterium-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs). An all-fiber gas cavity is fabricated by fusion splicing a 49 m high-pressure deuterium-filled HC-PCF with two solid-core single-mode fibers at both ends. When pumped with a pulsed fiber amplifier seeded by a tunable laser diode at 1.5 μm, Raman lasers ranging from 1643 nm to 1656 nm are generated. The maximum output power is ~1.2 W with a Raman conversion efficiency of ~45.6% inside the cavity. This work offers an alternative choice for all-fiber lasers operating at 1.6–1.7 μm band.

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3

Sirleto, Luigi. "Fiber Raman Amplifiers and Fiber Raman Lasers." Micromachines 11, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11121044.

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4

Supradeepa, V. R., Yan Feng, and Jeffrey W. Nicholson. "Raman fiber lasers." Journal of Optics 19, no. 2 (January 4, 2017): 023001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/19/2/023001.

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5

Sirleto, Luigi, and Maria Antonietta Ferrara. "Fiber Amplifiers and Fiber Lasers Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering: A Review." Micromachines 11, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11030247.

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Анотація:

Nowadays, in fiber optic communications the growing demand in terms of transmission capacity has been fulfilling the entire spectral band of the erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). This dramatic increase in bandwidth rules out the use of EDFAs, leaving fiber Raman amplifiers (FRAs) as the key devices for future amplification requirements. On the other hand, in the field of high-power fiber lasers, a very attractive option is provided by fiber Raman lasers (FRLs), due to their high output power, high efficiency and broad gain bandwidth, covering almost the entire near-infrared region. This paper reviews the challenges, achievements and perspectives of both fiber Raman amplifier and fiber Raman laser. They are enabling technologies for implementation of high-capacity optical communication systems and for the realization of high power fiber lasers, respectively.

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6

Li, Jun, Hao Li та Zefeng Wang. "Application of Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers in Gas Raman Lasers Operating at 1.7 μm". Crystals 11, № 2 (27 січня 2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11020121.

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A 1.7 μm pulsed laser plays an important role in bioimaging, gas detection, and so on. Fiber gas Raman lasers (FGRLs) based on hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs) provide a novel and effective method for fiber lasers operating at 1.7 μm. Compared with traditional methods, FGRLs have more advantages in generating high-power 1.7 μm pulsed lasers. This paper reviews the studies of 1.7 μm FGRLs, briefly describes the principle and characteristics of HC-PCFs and gas-stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), and systematical characterizes 1.7 μm FGRLs in aspects of output spectral coverage, power-limiting factors, and a theoretical model. When the fiber length and pump power are constant, a relatively high gas pressure and appropriate pump peak power are the key to achieving high-power 1.7 μm Raman output. Furthermore, the development direction of 1.7 μm FGRLs is also explored.

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7

Hu, Chunhua, and Ping Sun. "Intra-Cavity Raman Laser Operating at 1193 nm Based on Graded-Index Fiber." Photonics 10, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10010033.

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Nonlinear Raman frequency conversion is an important technical scheme to obtain special optical band lasers based on conventional ion-doped lasers. In our work, we designed an intra-cavity Raman fiber laser based on graded index fiber (GRIF) as the Raman gain medium. Based on the fundamental-frequency 1080-nanometer laser, efficient first-order and second-order Stokes Raman lasers were obtained, respectively. When the power of the fundamental-frequency 1080-nanometer laser was 33.4 W, the output power of the second-order 1193-nanometer laser was 11.39 W. The corresponding conversion efficiency was 34.1%. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a second-order Raman output based on a GRIF and intra-cavity structure. In the experiment, the spectrum-purification process with the increase in power was also observed. Our experimental results prove that the intracavity Raman-laser system based on graded index fiber with a high optical conversion efficiency has important application potential for obtaining new special-application bands.

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8

Pei, Wenxi, Hao Li, Wei Huang, Meng Wang та Zefeng Wang. "All-Fiber Tunable Pulsed 1.7 μm Fiber Lasers Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering of Hydrogen Molecules in Hollow-Core Fibers". Molecules 26, № 15 (28 липня 2021): 4561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154561.

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Анотація:

Fiber lasers that operate at 1.7 μm have important applications in many fields, such as biological imaging, medical treatment, etc. Fiber gas Raman lasers (FGRLs) based on gas stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs) provide an elegant way to realize efficient 1.7 μm fiber laser output. Here, we report the first all-fiber structure tunable pulsed 1.7 μm FGRLs by fusion splicing a hydrogen-filled HC-PCF with solid-core fibers. Pumping with a homemade tunable pulsed 1.5 μm fiber amplifier, efficient 1693~1705 nm Stokes waves are obtained by hydrogen molecules via SRS. The maximum average output Stokes power is 1.63 W with an inside optical–optical conversion efficiency of 58%. This work improves the compactness and stability of 1.7 μm FGRLs, which is of great significance to their applications.

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9

Ismail, Aiman, Hazwani Mohammad Helmi, Md Zaini Jamaludin, Fairuz Abdullah, Abdul Hadi Sulaiman, and Ker Pin Jern. "Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplification Assisted Multi-Wavelength Brillouin-Raman Fiber Laser." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (November 30, 2018): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.26269.

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Multi-wavelength fiber laser based on Brillouin scattering in optical fiber has the potential of application in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system. To enhance the performance of the fiber lasers, researchers proposed usages of erbium, or Raman amplification techniques. In an earlier work, it was reported that extracting residual Raman pump out of the laser cavity improves the performance of a multi-wavelength Raman fiber laser. In this paper, we proposed a setup utilizing the residual Raman pump to pump an erbium-doped fiber in multi-wavelength Brillouin-Raman fiber laser. Results show that the additional erbium-doped fiber is capable of amplifying the propagating Brillouin Stokes by more than 15-dB. This in turn helps in achieving lower stimulated Brillouin threshold and subsequently allow for higher number of Brillouin Stokes lines to be generated.

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10

Chen, Yizhu, Chenchen Fan, Tianfu Yao, Hu Xiao, Jiangming Xu, Jinyong Leng, Pu Zhou, et al. "Comparison of multimode GRIN-fiber Raman lasers with FBG and random DFB cavity." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2249, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2249/1/012015.

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Abstract Raman lasing in multimode GRIN fibers is accompanied by sufficient improvement of the output beam quality in comparison with that for pump radiation, which offers opportunities to wavelength-agile fiber lasers of new type. Here we compare power scaling and brightness enhancement capabilities of Raman laser based on multimode GRIN-fiber of 62.5/125 um core/cladding diameters pumped by ∼700 W multimode source with beam quality M2∼10, performed in two different cavity configurations: 1) linear cavity based on two fiber Bragg gratings and 2) half-open cavity with one FBG and random distributed feedback via Rayleigh backscattering along the GRIN fiber.

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11

Anashkina, Elena A., and Alexey V. Andrianov. "Numerical Study of Efficient Tm-Doped Zinc-Tellurite Fiber Lasers at 2300 nm." Fibers 11, no. 7 (June 26, 2023): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib11070057.

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Fiber laser sources operating near 2300 nm in the atmospheric transparency window are interesting for different applications, such as remote sensing, lidars, and others. The use of Tm-doped fiber lasers based on tellurite fibers is highly promising. We propose and theoretically study a highly efficient diode-pumped Tm-doped zinc-tellurite fiber laser operating at two cascade radiative transitions at 1960 nm and 2300 nm, with additional energy transfer between these laser waves due to the Raman interaction. We demonstrate numerically that a dramatic increase in the slope efficiency up to 57% for the laser wave at 2300 nm, exceeding the Stokes limit by 22% relative to the pump at 793 nm, can be obtained with optimized parameters thanks to Raman energy transfer from the laser wave at 1960 nm to the wave at 2300 nm.

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12

Nair, Prita. "Fiber Raman lasers using all‐fiber resonators." Optical Engineering 35, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.600930.

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13

Islam, M. N., J. R. Simpson, H. T. Shang, L. F. Mollenauer, and R. H. Stolen. "Amplifier/compressor fiber Raman lasers." Optics Letters 12, no. 10 (October 1, 1987): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.12.000814.

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14

Westbrook, Paul S., Kazi S. Abedin, Jeffrey W. Nicholson, Tristan Kremp, and Jerome Porque. "Raman fiber distributed feedback lasers." Optics Letters 36, no. 15 (July 27, 2011): 2895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.36.002895.

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15

Zeng, Lingfa, Xiaolin Wang, Li Wang, Yun Ye, Peng Wang, Baolai Yang, Xiaoming Xi, et al. "Optimization and Demonstration of Direct LD Pumped High-Power Fiber Lasers to Balance SRS and TMI Effects." Photonics 10, no. 5 (May 6, 2023): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10050539.

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Up to now, transverse mode instability (TMI) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) have become the main factors limiting the power scaling of conventional ytterbium-doped fiber laser. Many technologies are proposed to suppress the SRS or TMI individually, but most of them are contradictions in practical application. In this article, we focus on the technologies that can balance the suppression of both SRS and TMI, including fiber coiling optimization, pump wavelength optimization, pump configuration optimization, and novel vary core diameter active fiber. Firstly, we validate the effectiveness of these technologies in both theoretical and relatively low-power experiments, and introduce the abnormal TMI threshold increasing in a few-mode fiber amplifier with fiber coiling. Then, we scale up the power through various types of fiber lasers, including wide linewidth and narrow linewidth fiber lasers, as well as quasi-continuous wave (QCW) fiber lasers. As a result, we achieve 5~8 kW fiber laser oscillators, 10~20 kW wide linewidth fiber laser amplifiers, 4 kW narrow linewidth fiber amplifiers, and 10 kW peak power QCW fiber oscillators. The demonstration of these new technical schemes is of great significance for the development of high-power fiber lasers.

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16

Dianov, E. M., and A. M. Prokhorov. "Medium-power CW Raman fiber lasers." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 6, no. 6 (November 2000): 1022–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/2944.902151.

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17

Bouteiller, J. C. "Spectral modeling of Raman fiber lasers." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 15, no. 12 (December 2003): 1698–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2003.819758.

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18

Babin, S. A., D. V. Churkin, A. E. Ismagulov, S. I. Kablukov, and E. V. Podivilov. "Spectral broadening in Raman fiber lasers." Optics Letters 31, no. 20 (September 25, 2006): 3007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.31.003007.

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19

Nuño, Javier, and Juan Diego Ania-Castañón. "RIN transfer in second-order amplification with centrally-pumped random distributed feedback fiber lasers." International Journal of Modern Physics B 28, no. 12 (April 7, 2014): 1442005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979214420053.

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The predicted relative intensity noise (RIN) transfer function for distributed amplification based on centrally-pumped random distributed feedback ultralong Raman fiber lasers (RDFLs) is found and studied over a broad range of possible lengths and signal powers, showing that the values of the RIN transfer function and the RIN cut-off frequencies are dependent upon both parameters. RIN transfer is shown to be generally higher than in a typical ultralong cavity Raman fiber laser (URFL) pumped from the extremes.

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20

Babin, Sergey A., Ekaterina A. Zlobina, and Sergey I. Kablukov. "Multimode Fiber Raman Lasers Directly Pumped by Laser Diodes." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 24, no. 3 (May 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2017.2764072.

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21

Felinskyi, Georgii S., Iryna V. Serdeha, and Valeriy I. Grygoruk. "TiO₂-Doped Single-Mode Fiber as Active Material for Raman Lasers." Key Engineering Materials 753 (August 2017): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.753.173.

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The properties of TiO2-doped fiber are considered as optoelectronic material in our work. The advantages of such fiber have been studied with the aim of its application to active medium in Raman fiber lasers. The comparison of spontaneous Raman spectra and corresponding gain profiles in TiO2-doped and GeO2-doped fiber is presented. Raman gain profiles were obtained over a broad spectral range of Stokes shifted frequencies up to 1400 cm-1(42 THz). The spectral decomposition using multimode Gaussian components has been performed for both Raman gain profiles. High accuracy analytic form of Raman gain profile of TiO2-doped fiber is obtained using 12 components. The pump power of Raman gain threshold is introduced as the function of wavelength within the telecommunication windows for both fiber types. Our spectroscopic analysis allows presenting the numerical results on lasing bandwidth and Raman gain threshold inTiO2-doped single-mode fiber. It has been shown that the lasing bandwidth in TiO2-doped fiber may be almost twice wider than the lasing bandwidth in standard GeO2-doped fiber.

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22

Li, Hao, Wenxi Pei, Wei Huang, Meng Wang та Zefeng Wang. "Highly Efficient Nanosecond 1.7 μm Fiber Gas Raman Laser by H2-Filled Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers". Crystals 11, № 1 (30 грудня 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11010032.

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We report here a high-power, highly efficient, wavelength-tunable nanosecond pulsed 1.7 μm fiber laser based on hydrogen-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs) by rotational stimulated Raman scattering. When a 9-meter-long HC-PCF filled with 30 bar hydrogen is pumped by a homemade tunable 1.5 μm pulsed fiber amplifier, the maximum average Stokes power of 3.3 W at 1705 nm is obtained with a slope efficiency of 84%, and the slope efficiency achieves the highest recorded value for 1.7 μm pulsed fiber lasers. When the pump pulse repetition frequency is 1.3 MHz with a pulse width of approximately 15 ns, the average output power is higher than 3 W over the whole wavelength tunable range from 1693 nm to 1705 nm, and the slope efficiency is higher than 80%. A steady-state theoretical model is used to achieve the maximum Stokes power in hydrogen-filled HC-PCFs, and the simulation results accord well with the experiments. This work presents a new opportunity for highly efficient tunable pulsed fiber lasers at the 1.7 μm band.

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23

Xu, Cong. "Impact of Strong Raman Self-Frequency Shift on Bound State of Dissipative Solitons." International Journal of Optics 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/365648.

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Bound dissipative solitons are numerically studied by implementing strong Raman self-frequency shift (RSFS) in an all-normal-dispersion (ANDi) Yb-doped fiber laser. Results demonstrated that overstrong RSFS had no filter-like effect in the ANDi fiber laser when a bandpass filter was present in the intracavity. However, overstrong RSFS could cause the bandpass filter to destabilize the ANDi fiber laser. For the first time in the field, we have demonstrated that strong RSFS could destabilize bound DS pulses and generate noise-like bound pulses. Furthermore, the generation mechanism of destabilized noise-like bound pulses in the fiber laser with intracavity filter is different from the noise-like pulses in the fiber lasers without a bandpass filter.

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24

Tian, Xin, Chenhui Gao, Chongwei Wang, Xiaofan Zhao, Meng Wang, Xiaoming Xi, and Zefeng Wang. "2.58 kW Narrow Linewidth Fiber Laser Based on a Compact Structure with a Chirped and Tilted Fiber Bragg Grating for Raman Suppression." Photonics 8, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8120532.

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We report a high power, narrow linewidth fiber laser based on oscillator one-stage power amplification configuration. A fiber oscillator with a center wavelength of 1080 nm is used as the seed, which is based on a high reflection fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and an output coupling FBG of narrow reflection bandwidth. The amplifier stage adopted counter pumping. By optimizing the seed and amplifier properties, an output laser power of 2276 W was obtained with a slope efficiency of 80.3%, a 3 dB linewidth of 0.54 nm and a signal to Raman ratio of 32 dB, however, the transverse mode instability (TMI) began to occur. For further increasing the laser power, a high-power chirped and tilted FBG (CTFBG) was inserted between the backward combiner and the output passive fiber, experimental results showed that both the threshold of Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and TMI increased. The maximum laser power was improved to 2576 W with a signal to Raman ratio of 42 dB, a slope efficiency of 77.1%, and a 3 dB linewidth of 0.87 nm. No TMI was observed and the beam quality factor M2 maintained about 1.6. This work could provide a useful reference for obtaining narrow-linewidth high-power fiber lasers with high signal to Raman ratio.

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25

Bouteiller, Jean Christophe. "Raman fiber lasers for optical communication application." Annales Des Télécommunications 58, no. 9-10 (September 2003): 1342–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03001734.

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26

Pan Weiwei, 潘伟巍, 周佳琦 Zhou Jiaqi, 张磊 Zhang Lei, and 冯衍 Feng Yan. "Research Advances in Ultrafast Raman Fiber Lasers." Chinese Journal of Lasers 46, no. 5 (2019): 0508016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201946.0508016.

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27

Churkin, Dmitry V., Oleg A. Gorbunov, and Sergey V. Smirnov. "Extreme value statistics in Raman fiber lasers." Optics Letters 36, no. 18 (September 13, 2011): 3617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.36.003617.

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28

Naim, Nani Fadzlina, Awangku Nur Azree Awang Azlan, Muhammad Faiz Ibrahim, Suzi Seroja Sarnin, Norsuzila Ya’acob, and Mohd Saiful Dzulkefly Zan. "Design of Multiwavelength EDF-Raman Lasers Utilizing Mach-Zehnder Interferometer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2075, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2075/1/012012.

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Abstract This paper presents the design of multiwavelength Erbium Doped Fiber (EDF)-Raman fiber laser utilizing Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) with various cavity structures. A multiwavelength laser employing hybrid gain medium of EDF-Raman amplifier is simulated using OptiSystem software. Three cavity structures of multiwavelength laser such as unidirectional, bidirectional and ring cavity are simulated and analysed. From the simulation result, it is found that ring cavity structure produced the best performance whereas at 1000 mW pump power, up to 19 lasing lines were obtained in the ring cavity, compared to 18, and 16 lasing lines in the unidirectional and bidirectional linear cavity, respectively. All multiwavelength fiber lasers exhibit the same line spacing of 4.9 nm. In addition, at coupling coefficient of 0.9, up to 49.5 dB of side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) were achieved in the ring cavity structure, compared to 49.2 dB, and 30.3 dB of SMSR in the unidirectional and bidirectional linear cavity, respectively. However, bidirectional linear cavity exhibits the highest peak power of 2.07 dBm, compared to -17.4 dBm, and -15.5 dBm of peak power in the unidirectional linear and ring cavity, respectively.

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29

Serdeha, I. V., V. I. Grygoruk, and G. S. Felinskyi. "Spectroscopic Features of Raman Gain Profiles in Single-Mode Fibers Based on Silica Glass." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 63, no. 8 (September 7, 2018): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe63.8.683.

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The spectroscopic analysis of the frequency distribution of the amplification of optical radiation due to the Raman effect (Raman gain profile) in single-mode fibers based on silica glass has been carried out in the region of Stokes frequency shifts from 0 to 1400 cm−1. The Raman gain profiles are determined from the experimental spectra of spontaneous scattering for widespread fibers, namely for pure SiO2, GeO2, P2O5, and TiO2 doped fibers. The analytic expressions of the Raman gain profiles are given. They are obtained, by using the Gaussian decomposition by means of 11–12 modes, and the experimental profile is approximated with an accuracy of not less than 0.3%. The decomposition results are analyzed in terms of the fundamental oscillatory dynamics of molecular nanocomplexes in amorphous glass, as well as in the application aspect of the modeling of photonics devices. Examples of the proposed method applications are presented for the analysis of noise parameters of the fiber Raman amplifiers and for the generation bandwidth in fiber Raman lasers.

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30

Alawsi, Suha Mousa Khorsheed, Noor Mohammed Hassan, and Intehaa Abdullah Mohammed Al-Juboury. "Effect of Nonlinear Dispersion Fiber Length and Input Power on Raman Scattering." NeuroQuantology 19, no. 11 (December 11, 2021): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2021.19.11.nq21175.

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The increasing demand for information transmission makes the problem of establishing a laser system is operating in C-band (1530-1565nm) wavelength region is a significant task, which attracts a lot of researchers' attention lately. In this paper, the ability to produce signals of multi wavelengths using a single light source was adopted to employ the Raman scattering effect for establishing Raman shift configuration-based multi-wavelength fiber lasers, which is not currently addressed in available schemes. This is what prompted to simulate the performance of C-band multi-wavelength produced by Raman fiber laser that utilizing fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to amplify pumped power and also utilizing the single-mode fiber (SMF) as the nonlinear gain medium. The proposed laser system is designed by OptiSystem software. The resulted maximum output power was 22.07dB at Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) of 23.01dB input power. The achieved multi-wavelength that generated by Bragg grating and SMF was containing six Stokes and anti-Stokes, they are: 1548.51nm, 1549, 31nm, 1550.116nm, 1550.91nm, 1551.72nm, and 1552.52nm, in which the resulted computed efficiency of the system was raised up to 80.23% at input power 20 dB and dispersion fiber length of 0.2 km.

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31

Hu, Chunhua, та Ping Sun. "1.1–1.6 μm Multi-Wavelength Random Raman Fiber Laser". Photonics 10, № 2 (3 лютого 2023): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10020164.

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Multi-wavelength fiber lasers have attracted great attention due to their application value in many fields. In this work, we demonstrated a seven-wavelength random Raman fiber laser in the range of 1.1–1.6 μm. A piece of 1-km-long high Raman gain optical fiber is utilized as the gain medium. The 1st-order to 7th-order Stokes waves are located, respectively, at 1133 nm, 1194 nm, 1260 nm, 1332 nm, 1414 nm, 1504 nm, and 1606 nm. In the 3-dB bandwidth of optical spectra of 1st-order and 2nd-order Stokes waves, four peaks with an average spacing of 1 nm and 20 peaks with an average spacing of 0.45 nm respectively, are recorded. Pumped by a 1080 nm/12.5 W/220 ns laser, the maximum output power can reach 4.16 W, corresponding to the optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of ~30.7%.

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32

Siekiera, A., R. Engelbrecht, R. Neumann, and B. Schmauss. "Fiber Bragg gratings in polarization maintaining specialty fiber for Raman fiber lasers." Physics Procedia 5 (2010): 671–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2010.08.098.

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33

Kuznetsov, Alexey G., Ilya N. Nemov, Alexey A. Wolf, Ekaterina A. Evmenova, Sergey I. Kablukov, and Sergey A. Babin. "Cascaded Generation in Multimode Diode-Pumped Graded-Index Fiber Raman Lasers." Photonics 8, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8100447.

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We review our recent experimental results on the cascaded Raman conversion of highly multimode laser diode (LD) pump radiation into the first- and higher-order Stokes radiation in multimode graded-index fibers. A linear cavity composed of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) inscribed in the fiber core is formed to provide feedback for the first Stokes order, whereas, for the second order, both a linear cavity consisting of two FBGs and a half-open cavity with one FBG and random distributed feedback (RDFB) via Rayleigh backscattering along the fiber are explored. LDs with different wavelengths (915 and 940 nm) are used for pumping enabling Raman lasing at different wavelengths of the first (950, 954 and 976 nm), second (976, 996 and 1019 nm) and third (1065 nm) Stokes orders. Output power and efficiency, spectral line shapes and widths, beam quality and shapes are compared for different configurations. It is shown that the RDFB cavity provides higher slope efficiency of the second Stokes generation (up to 70% as that for the first Stokes wave) with output power up to ~30 W, limited by the third Stokes generation. The best beam quality parameter of the second Stokes beam is close to the diffraction limit (M2~1.3) in both linear and half-open cavities, whereas the line is narrower (<0.2 nm) and more stable in the case of the linear cavity with two FBGs. However, an optimization of the FBG reflection spectrum used in the half-open cavity allows this linewidth value to be approached. The measured beam profiles show the dip formation in the output pump beam profile, whereas the first and second Stokes beams are Gaussian-shaped and almost unchanged with increasing power. A qualitative explanation of such behavior in connection with the power evolution for the transmitted pump and generated first, second and third Stokes beams is given. The potential for wavelength tuning of the cascaded Raman lasers based on LD-pumped multimode fibers is discussed.

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34

Zhao, Xiaofan, Xin Tian, Meng Wang, Binyu Rao, Hongye Li, Xiaoming Xi, and Zefeng Wang. "Fabrication of 2 kW-Level Chirped and Tilted Fiber Bragg Gratings and Mitigating Stimulated Raman Scattering in Long-Distance Delivery of High-Power Fiber Laser." Photonics 8, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8090369.

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Chirped and tilted fiber Bragg gratings (CTFBGs) have attracted a lot of attention in stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) suppression of high-power fiber lasers. However, the laser power handling capacity seriously limits their applications. In this paper, by optimizing the inscription parameters and post-processing strategy, we fabricate a large-mode-area double-cladding CTFBG with a thermal slope of ~0.015 °C/W due to the low insertion loss of about 0.15 dB, which make it possible for direct kilowatt-level application. A 2 kW-level fiber laser oscillator is employed to test the CTFBG, and a series of experiments have been carried out to compare the effect of SRS mitigation in high-power fiber laser long-distance delivery. In addition, the influence of CTFBGs on laser beam quality is studied for the first time. Experimental results indicated that the CTFBG could effectively mitigate SRS and has no obvious influence on laser beam quality. This work opens a new opportunity for further power scaling and the delivery of high-power fiber lasers over longer distances.

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35

Ma, Xinning. "Nonlinear effects-based 1.7 μm fiber lasers: A review and prospect". MATEC Web of Conferences 382 (2023): 01028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202338201028.

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The nonlinear effects in the fiber lasers have always been explored and studied as people are pursuing higher quality fiber lasers in different wavelengths for profound applications. In recent years, 1.7 μm band fiber lasers have received the tremendous attention due to their unique spectral properties in biological imaging, organic gases detection, material processing and other fields. In this paper, the research progress of nonlinear effects-based 1.7 μm fiber lasers is thoroughly reviewed. Meanwhile, the four nonlinear effects applied in 1.7 μm fiber lasers included stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), super-continuum (SC), four-wave mixing (FWM), soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS) are introduced, as well as the principle, characteristics and advantages of each method. In addition, the latest researches on the 1.7 μm fiber lasers based on the hybrid gain are summarized in detail. Finally, the conclusion included the obstacles and adversities is given and the future development tendency of nonlinear effects-based 1.7 μm fiber lasers is prospected.

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36

Xiong, Z., N. Moore, Z. G. Li, and G. C. Lim. "10-W raman fiber lasers at 1248 nm using phosphosilicate fibers." Journal of Lightwave Technology 21, no. 10 (October 2003): 2377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2003.818174.

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37

Arun, S., and V. R. Supradeepa. "High power fiber lasers in the SWIR band using Raman lasers." CSI Transactions on ICT 5, no. 2 (January 19, 2017): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40012-016-0147-3.

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38

Qin Zujun, 秦祖军, 周晓军 Zhou Xiaojun, 伍浩成 Wu Haocheng, and 邹自立 Zou Zili. "Design of Multi-Wavelength Cascaded Raman Fiber Lasers." Acta Optica Sinica 29, no. 1 (2009): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos20092901.0244.

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39

Gao Yang, 高洋, 郭少锋 Guo Shaofeng, 冷进勇 Leng Jinyong, 王文亮 Wang Wenliang, and 舒柏宏 Shu Bohong. "Optimization Design of Forward Raman Compatible Fiber Lasers." Chinese Journal of Lasers 42, s1 (2015): s102008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201542.s102008.

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40

Yin Ke, 殷科, 许将明 Xu Jiangming, 冷进勇 Leng Jinyong, 吴武明 Wu Wuming, and 侯静 Hou Jing. "Research Progress of High Power Fiber Raman Lasers." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 49, no. 1 (2012): 010004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop49.010004.

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41

Xu Hang, 徐航, 戴世勋 Dai Shixun, 张培晴 Zhang Peiqing, 李杏 Li Xing, 吴越豪 Wu Yuehao, 吴丽华 Wu Lihua, 刘自军 Liu Zijun, 王训四 Wang Xunsi, 徐铁峰 Xu Tiefeng, and 聂秋华 Nie Qiuhua. "Research Progress in Chalcogenide Glass Raman Fiber Lasers." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 53, no. 3 (2016): 030004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop53.030004.

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42

Babin, S. A., and E. V. Podivilov. "New physical effects in ultralong Raman fiber lasers." Laser Physics 18, no. 2 (February 2008): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1054660x08020059.

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43

Runcorn, Timothy H., Frederik G. Gorlitz, Robert T. Murray, and Edmund J. R. Kelleher. "Visible Raman-Shifted Fiber Lasers for Biophotonic Applications." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 24, no. 3 (May 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2017.2770101.

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44

Kolpakov, S., S. V. Sergeyev, A. Udalcovs, X. Pang, O. Ozolins, R. Schatz, and S. Popov. "Optical rogue waves in coupled fiber Raman lasers." Optics Letters 45, no. 17 (August 21, 2020): 4726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.398493.

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45

Keller, U., K. D. Li, M. J. W. Rodwell, and D. M. Bloom. "Noise characterization of femtosecond fiber Raman soliton lasers." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 25, no. 3 (March 1989): 280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.18541.

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46

Martinelli, C., F. Leplingard, S. Borne, D. Bayart, F. Vanholsbeeck, S. Coen, and T. Sylvestre. "Stability Enhancement for Dual-Order Raman Fiber Lasers." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 16, no. 9 (September 2004): 2018–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2004.831546.

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47

Babin, S. A., D. V. Churkin, A. A. Fotiadi, S. I. Kablukov, O. I. Medvedkov, and E. V. Podivilov. "Relative intensity noise in cascaded-Raman fiber lasers." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 17, no. 12 (December 2005): 2553–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2005.859547.

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48

Wang, Xiong, Pu Zhou, Hanwei Zhang, Xiaolin Wang, Hu Xiao, and Zejin Liu. "100 W-level Tm-doped fiber laser pumped by 1173 nm Raman fiber lasers." Optics Letters 39, no. 15 (July 18, 2014): 4329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.39.004329.

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49

Lin, Weixuan, Maxime Desjardins-Carrière, Benoit Sévigny, Julien Magné, and Martin Rochette. "Raman suppression within the gain fiber of high-power fiber lasers." Applied Optics 59, no. 31 (October 21, 2020): 9660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.402202.

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50

Sun, Yuxiang, Muye Li, Richard Paul Mildren, Zhenxu Bai, Hongchao Zhang, Jian Lu, Yan Feng, and Xuezong Yang. "High-power continuous-wave single-frequency diamond Raman laser at 1178 nm." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 14 (October 3, 2022): 141104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0107200.

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We demonstrate a continuous-wave single-frequency diamond Raman laser operating at 1178 nm by using a linear resonator that is stabilized using an intracavity [Formula: see text] element. Optimization of the single-frequency power was realized by tuning the phase matching in the [Formula: see text] element away from the second-harmonic peak to suppress neighboring modes via sum frequency generation but avoid large losses to the intracavity primary Stokes mode. A maximum single-longitudinal-mode power of 20 W at 1178 nm with an instrument-limited linewidth of 67 MHz was obtained using a 12 GHz multi-longitudinal-mode Yb-doped fiber pump laser at 1018 nm with power of 82 W. This work provides an interesting route for producing single-frequency high-power lasers near 1.2 μm utilizing diamond Raman conversion combined with broadband, high-power, low-cost YDF lasers.

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