Статті в журналах з теми "Rainwater Harvesting Technique"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Rainwater Harvesting Technique.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Rainwater Harvesting Technique".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Singh, Shishu Pal, Mahendra Pratap Gautam, and Narendra Kumawat Shivraj Singh. "Rainwater Harvesting: An Eco-Friendly Technique of Conserve the Water." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-5 (August 31, 2018): 2491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18316.
Повний текст джерела
2
Zia, Sahar, Safdar Ali Shirazi, Muhammad Nasar-u. Minallah, and Madiha Batool. "Urban Floods and Suitability Analysis of Rainwater Harvesting Potential Areas in Lahore City, Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 12, no. 2 (July 19, 2021): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol12.iss2.2021.581.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a growing threat of urban flooding, particularly in Pakistan that needs attention and requireseffective management strategies. The chief trigger for urban flooding is the rapid and unplanned urbanization in areaswhere impermeable surface inhibits rainwater diffusion and changes the natural water flow. In many developedcountries, a technique of rainwater harvesting is implemented as a sustainable strategy to manage urban stormwater.Most studies and projects chiefly focused on the potential use of the Rainwater harvesting technique for waterconservation in arid and semi-arid climates. In the present work, GIS and remote sensing methodologies are utilized forthe suitability of rainwater harvesting structures. This study was conducted in Lahore, the second most populated cityof Pakistan and the capital of Punjab. Generally, the water harvesting technique depends on topographical areas withwater accumulation, where there is an availability of open spaces in the form of green areas and barren lands, rainfall,drainage network density, and rainfall distribution, particularly in the urban environment. The SRTM DEM data wereused for finding high water accumulated areas, and the Landsat OLI image is used to retrieve land use information i.e.vacant land and open green spaces, existing drainage network density, and rainfall distribution. All these layers wereintegrated through AHP to detect the potentially suitable sites for the construction of rainwater harvesting structures.Results concluded 94 suitable sites with categorization from highly to critically suitable for the construction ofrainwater harvesting structures in which 6 were highly suitable areas in Data Gunj Bakhsh Town and Ravi Town.Besides, residential areas are having a maximum site suitability percentage, followed by roads, agricultural and openspaces in the area under consideration. Considering the suitable sites, further rainwater harvesting methods can beidentified in the study area to alleviate urban flooding and improve the urban environment.
3
Soni, Yash. "Study of Rainwater Harvesting in University of Petroleum and Energy Studies in Support of the Eco-Campus Initiative." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 1993–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39178.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: Rainwater harvesting is a technique for collecting rainwater that would otherwise be wasted, mainly in metropolitan settings. There is essentially no infiltration and percolation due to the completely different land use compared to the metropolitan region. As a result, groundwater levels have been steadily depleted. Rainwater harvesting is nearly completely unknown among the general public. There is a lack of community planning that may result in widespread participation and so replenish the groundwater table. The current research looks at several rainwater gathering techniques and how they may be implemented at the chosen location. The research is being conducted on the Dehradun campus of UPES. The focus is mostly on the water collected on the rooftop, which will be filtered and used for cleaning and gardening. Because it is a hilly location, the region receives a lot of rain, which provides excellent opportunities for rainwater gathering. The total runoff from the entire rooftop is calculated using a rational formula and then distributed to various uses. The paper's main goal is to advocate the wise use of this valuable resource while keeping in mind the economics of the method used. Keywords: Rainwater harvesting, rational formula, groundwater.
4
Beqaj, Blerina, Oltion Marko, Entela Çobani, and Dritan Profka. "Design of a Rainwater Collection System and Possible Use of Harvested Water in a Kindergarten Building: A Case Study in Tirana City, Albania." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 7, no. 5 (September 28, 2022): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2022.7.5.2877.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research paper focuses on the design of a rainwater collection system and the possible use of harvested rainwater in a kindergarten building to promote water conservation. Rainwater harvesting is an old technique but increasing in use because of the natural rainwater quality and to reduce the treated water consumption. Harvesting rainwater is considered an alternative source in the field of integrated water resources management and can be approved in many buildings to improve water conservation. In Tirana, there is a little experience in rainwater harvesting, since the availability of freshwater resources hasn't been a problem yet. Once we have studied all the key components needed to design a rainwater collection system, we got a kindergarten building with a catchment area of 370 m2. Rainwater that will be collected will be used for the daily requirements of the building, in flushing toilets, washing machines, and watering the garden. A system of rainwater harvest reduces potable water use, decreases ongoing operating costs for the kindergarten, and prevents storm runoff that would negatively impact the environment.
5
Kim, Ree Ho, Sang Ho Lee, Jung Hun Lee, and Young Min Kim. "A Rainwater Harvesting Technology by Roof Coating Using TiO2." Materials Science Forum 486-487 (June 2005): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.486-487.17.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rainwater utilization has great potentials for recovering hydrological cycles, for buffering extreme run-off situations in the watercourses, and for reducing the costs for water supply in urban area. However, little information is available on the water qualities and runoff properties of collected rainwater, which is critical for efficient design and maintenance strategies of rainwater harvesting facilities. In this study, characteristics of rainwater collected in a rainwater harvesting system were examined in terms of pollutant concentrations. Based on these results, TiO2 photocatalysts were applied on the roof surface as a novel coating material to improve the quality of collected rainwater. The analysis of rainwater samples shows that the contamination by turbidity, conductivity, and color occurs during the catchment process, which may result in troubles for further use. The roof coating technique developed in this study appeared to be effective in increasing the wash-off of pollutants and improving the water quality in roof runoff because of its increased hydrophililicy as well as photocatalytic reactivity. Further research is required on trace pollutants such as endocrine disruptors to estimate and minimize health risk in rainwater harvesting.
6
Way, C. M., D. B. Martinson, S. E. Heslop, and R. S. Cooke. "Rainwater harvesting: environmentally beneficial for the UK?" Water Supply 10, no. 5 (December 1, 2010): 776–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.189.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) feels right from a long-term sustainability perspective. Short-cutting the hydrological cycle seems to make logical sense from an environmental stance, and the technique is being driven into new buildings in the United Kingdom (UK) through building rating systems which are in turn pushed by government policy. However, little work has been done to assess its environmental credentials from a whole life perspective. Controversially, those studies that have been done have found that RWH systems tend to have greater environmental impacts than mains supply infrastructure. This work seeks to investigate the latest studies, and provide a way forward in the debate.
7
Zhou, Zhen Min, and Xue Chao Wang. "The Influence of Rainwater Reuse on Urban Water Circulation and Downstream Eco-Environment." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 1696–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.1696.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on theoretical analysis and comparison, it is sure that urban rainwater collection and reuse have no negative effect on urban water circulation and downstream eco-environment. It is shown from the results that rainwater collection and reuse would not reduce volume of rainwater infiltration. It also could control runoff pollution and reduce the flood peak of downstream river in flood season. Thus, rainwater harvesting was an effective approach to improve the eco-environment of downstream river. It could be concluded that the technique could be applied to different areas to improve local conditions.
8
Aziz, Shvan F., Kawa Z. Abdulrahman, Salahaldin S. Ali, and Moses Karakouzian. "Water Harvesting in the Garmian Region (Kurdistan, Iraq) Using GIS and Remote Sensing." Water 15, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030507.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is one of the essential alternative sources of water that may be used. However, finding potential RWH locations on a broad scale has always been challenging, requiring further research. The effectiveness of RWH structures depends on their design and the selection of suitable sites. This study aimed to select potential sites for rainwater harvesting in the Garmian region of Kurdistan-Iraq, using GIS and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques. Two multicriteria analysis (MCA) techniques: the analytical hierarchal process (AHP) and Fuzzy analytical hierarchal process (FAHP) were used for comparison purposes to identify potential RWH sites. A suitability map of potential RWH systems was then generated following the weighted linear combination (WLC) and the Fuzzy Gamma methods. The outcomes showed that, unlike most recent studies, which relied on the minimum and maximum local rainfall values, a minimum agreed-upon rainfall depth should be used as a benchmark when classifying rainfall to obtain realistic results. The findings also showed that 9.7%, 43.4%, 33.6%, and 13.3% of the sites have very high, high, moderate, and low suitability for rainwater harvesting, respectively, depending on the suitability map produced by the WLC method. However, the outcome of the Fuzzy Gamma technique appeared more realistic and revealed that 10.6%, 15.6%, 26.6%, 21.9%, and 25.3% of the sites have very high, high, moderate, low, and very low appropriateness for rainwater harvesting, respectively. The methods adopted in this study can be helpful for researchers in the field of RWH to achieve reliable results. Also, this study’s findings can assist in well-organized water resource management planning to ensure sustainable water development in the Garmian region.
9
Islam, M. M., F. N. F. Chou, and M. R. Kabir. "Acceptability of the rainwater harvesting system to the slum dwellers of Dhaka City." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 6 (March 1, 2010): 1515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.049.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urban area like Dhaka City, in Bangladesh, has scarcity of safe drinking water which is one of the prominent basic needs for human kind. This study explored the acceptability of harvested rainwater in a densely populated city like Dhaka, using a simple and low cost technology. A total of 200 random people from four slums of water-scarce Dhaka City were surveyed to determine the dwellers' perception on rainwater and its acceptability as a source of drinking water. The questionnaire was aimed at finding the socio-economic condition and the information on family housing, sanitation, health, existing water supply condition, knowledge about rainwater, willingness to accept rainwater as a drinking source etc. A Yield before Spillage (YBS) model was developed to know the actual rainwater availability and storage conditions which were used to justify the effective tank size. Cost-benefit analysis and feasibility analysis were performed using the survey results and the research findings. The survey result and overall study found that the low cost rainwater harvesting technique was acceptable to the slum dwellers as only the potential alternative source of safe drinking water.
10
Heidy Gabriela, Ruiz Martínez, and Cornejo Tueros Jose Vladimir. "Rainwater harvesting system as a strategy for adaptation on climate change: A review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1121, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1121/1/012007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In the face of increasing water scarcity aggravated by climate change, the rainwater harvesting system is a technique that increases the water supply for various purposes. The objective of this research is to analyse the recent literature published on the rainwater collection system, for which the systematic review method was used. The main form of rainwater catchment are roofs, but the material used is important because it can affect the quality of the water. Some physicochemical parameters of rainwater may be within the standards for human consumption, but it is contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms, which represents a risk to public health if it is consumed without prior treatment, so it is mainly used for irrigation and flushing toilets. However, this system has been implemented mainly in rural areas to satisfy their basic needs, including human consumption, because these places do not have access to the central drinking water system. Given this scenario, treatment technologies are being developed that are easy to operate and maintain, such as solar disinfection and filtration for drinking water purposes. This study provides a global overview progress of research related to the rainwater harvesting system.
11
Abraham, Abena Yeboah, Prince Adjei, and Doris Ohene Ntim. "Attitude and Perception of the General Public about Rain Harvesting: Financial Implications for Cape Coast Metropolis in Ghana." International Journal of Technology and Management Research 5, no. 1 (April 17, 2020): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v5i1.78.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The continuous destructions to water bodies while the demand for potable water increases; call for immediate move to seek and improve the adoption of alternative water sources to augment the existing sources. Though Ghana has a rain harvesting strategy, very little seems to be done to improve its implementation and to sensitize the public on its adoption. It is an established fact that adoption is premised on perception but very little has been done to uncover the perception of the general public on rain-harvesting and the portability of rain water as alternative water source. This study seeks to resurrect the need to look in the direction of rain harvesting. Mixed method strategy was adopted to address the stated objectives. The results indicate that greater number of the respondents did not consider untreated rainwater as good enough for drinking but fit for all other domestic uses. The respondents identified lack of appropriate and affordable rain-harvesting system, mode of storage, contaminations with microbes when stored for long and softness as the demoralizing factors that inhibit rainwater harvesting. In conclusion, the analyses showed that rainwater harvesting is on the lower side in the area of adoption among households and major consumers of water in Cape Coast. The results confirm the 2010 census that rain harvesting is not a major source of water to the people of Cape Coast metropolis. The study recommends that stakeholders such as the Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources must embark on mass education on the need to adopt rainwater as complement to traditional source of water and also support experts to design comprehensive rain-harvesting technique which will improve collections, storage and distribution at an affordable rate for the general public and effectively publicise it for adopts and use.
Citation: Abena Yeboah Abraham1, Prince Adjei2 and Doris Ohene Ntim3. Attitude and Perception of the General Public about Rain Harvesting: Financial Implications for Cape Coast Metropolis in Ghana, 2020; 5(1): 30-44. Received: (February 6, 2020) Accepted :( (March 31, 2020)
12
Al-Ansari, Nadhir, Mawada Abdellatif, Saleh Zakaria, Yaseen T. Mustafa, and Sven Knutsson. "Future Prospects for Macro Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) Technique in North East Iraq." Journal of Water Resource and Protection 06, no. 05 (2014): 403–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2014.65041.
Повний текст джерела
13
Klein, Caio Wolf, Jéssica Kuntz Maykot, Enedir Ghisi, and Liseane Padilha Thives. "Financial Feasibility of Harvesting Rainwater from Permeable Pavements: A Case Study in a City Square." Sci 5, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci5010001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this study was to carry out the financial feasibility analysis of harvesting rainwater from permeable pavements in a city square. A case study was carried out in a square close to the beach in the city of Florianópolis, Brazil. Questionnaires were applied to pedestrians who circulate within the area. The square is to be implemented to promote sustainability and improve the user’s quality of life. From the rainfall data and the average daily water demand for irrigation of the square vegetation, the volume of rainwater to be harvested from the permeable pavement was calculated. The rainwater demand was estimated as 662 L/day. The implementation and operation costs of the pavement and irrigation systems were evaluated. The potential for potable water savings was 89.8%. The payback period was estimated as 347 months. This study showed that rainwater collected from permeable pavements is financially feasible and represents a promising technique.
14
Di Chiano, Maria Gloria, Mariana Marchioni, Anita Raimondi, Umberto Sanfilippo, and Gianfranco Becciu. "Probabilistic Approach to Tank Design in Rainwater Harvesting Systems." Hydrology 10, no. 3 (February 27, 2023): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology10030059.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Storage tanks from rainwater harvesting systems (RWHs) are designed to provide flow equalization between rainfall and water demand. The minimum storage capacity required to take into account the maximum variations of stored water volumes, i.e., the active storage, depends basically on the magnitude and the variability of rainfall profiles and the size of the demand. Given the random nature of the variables involved in the hydrological process, probability theory is a suitable technique for active storage estimation. This research proposes a probabilistic approach to determine an analytical expression for the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the active storage as a function of rainfall moments, water demand and the mean number of consecutive storm events in a deficit sub-period. The equation can be used by developers to decide on the storage capacity required at a desired non-exceedance probability and under a preset water demand. The model is validated through a continuous simulation of the tank behavior using rainfall time series from Milan (Northern Italy).
15
Suki, N. M., H. M. Latif, and H. Zainol. "A Systematic Literature Review on Rainwater Harvesting Implementation Fidelity." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1067, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1067/1/012022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Rainwater harvesting has long been introduced as a green approach, followed by numerous established guidelines and policies to encourage its implementation. Policy implementation can be explored by assessing fidelity by utilizing a consensus reporting format and model/ framework. This paper exhibits a systematic review of the literature to synthesize the available knowledge on frameworks ideal for assessing implementation fidelity. PRISMA and forward snowballing technique were used to conduct an advanced search on the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Content analysis was performed primarily to identify the focal area, research questions and methods employed by previous studies that complement the StaRI reporting standard. The findings indicate that there is a scarcity of implementation strategies studies, not only in the built environment field, but also in implementation studies in general. While there are 28 implementation research frameworks/ models that have been used together with StaRi reporting guidelines, only two evaluation frameworks are found to be appropriate to the scope of the current study. The findings provide a basis of knowledge for determining the best framework for assessing fidelity in rainwater harvesting implementation.
16
Adham, Ammar, Michel Riksen, Rasha Abed, Sameer Shadeed, and Coen Ritsema. "Assessing Suitable Techniques for Rainwater Harvesting Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Methods and GIS Techniques." Water 14, no. 13 (July 1, 2022): 2110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14132110.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this study is to produce suitability maps for potential rainwater harvesting techniques (RWHT) in the West Bank (WB), Palestine. These techniques aim to reduce water scarcity, which is a major problem for the conservation of water resources in the area. Based on literature reviews and expert recommendations, seven RWHts were selected (runoff basin system, contour ridges, cisterns, eyebrow terrace, check dam, on-farm pond, and bench terraces). Analysis methods performed in the Arc GIS environment include spatial analysis and data reclassification. Other calculations include multi-criteria analysis for assigning suitability. Five criteria (rainfall, runoff, land use, slope, and soil texture) for RWHt were analyzed to produce a suitability map for each technique. The results show that runoff basin systems in the northeast and southwest of WB are the most suitable, with about 50% of the area of WB moderately suitable for this technique, while 70% of the area of WB is very suitable for the contour ridge technique. Furthermore, this analysis shows that almost 50% of the WB is very suitable for cisterns. Sixty percent of the area is very suitable for on-farm puddling, especially in the north and southwest of WB. The areas with high suitability for the different techniques comprehensively cover the WB, as shown in the RWHt suitability maps and the integrated map. Nevertheless, this approach can help decision makers in making an initial selection of RWH techniques suitable for their region.
17
Hussain, Fiaz, Riaz Hussain, Ray-Shyan Wu, and Tanveer Abbas. "Rainwater Harvesting Potential and Utilization for Artificial Recharge of Groundwater Using Recharge Wells." Processes 7, no. 9 (September 16, 2019): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7090623.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study devised a practical solution to mitigate urban inundation and artificial recharge of groundwater using recharge wells which is the most viable surface runoff rainwater harvesting (RWH) technique in urban areas. The Rainwater Harvesting Pilot Project at Gaddafi Stadium Lahore was established to deal with urban flooding, artificial recharge of groundwater, and to avoid the mixing of rainwater in municipal sewerage. The study showed that Lahore city has great RWH potential from critical ponding roads that can be utilized to recharge the Lahore aquifer. With that ratio of recharge, the groundwater level can rise to 3.54 ft after every monsoon period if the same recharge wells structure are used, which is a key to groundwater sustainability in Lahore city. Moreover, the maximum recharging capacity of wells was 29.32 m3/h with satisfactory performance. Both recharge wells cleared the ponding volume within 3 to 3.5 h after the rainfall stopped. The filter media performance was also favorable with 25%–30% removal of contamination. All the water quality parameters were within the permissible limit against prescribed standards except coliform count that indicated the presence of sewage. In such a case the mixing of charcoal is recommended to shut up the coliform signals. This study identified that RWH using recharge wells is an alternative freshwater supply source for sustainable development of Lahore city and this technique should be the part of Master Planning and Policy Decision of Lahore as a suggestion.
18
V., Pragadeesh Raja, Muthukumar T., and Kalaivani A. "Assessment of knowledge and perception of rain water harvesting among rural population of Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 2486. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211779.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Water is a fundamental need for human being, animals and plants to live in the world for drinking and sanitation purpose. The main source of water is rain, and surface water also originates from rain only rain water harvesting is the technique of collection and storage of rain water in surface (or above the ground natural or man-made structures) or in under-ground aquifers (the under-ground water table), before it is lost as surface run-off. Objective of the study was to assess the awareness and the perception about rain water harvesting in rural population of Tamil Nadu.Methods: A community based cross sectional Study conducted among population of residence, Sembakkam, Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu. The study duration from June 2019 to July 2019. Data collected through semi structured questionnaire from participants. Data collected was entered in Microsoft (MS) office excel and analyzed in statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21.Results: In the education status of study population, 75.5% (151) are literate and followed by 24.5% (49) were illiterate. In socioeconomic status most of them from class IV, 36.5% (73) and class III, 33% (66). 90.5% (181) are not have rainwater harvesting their houses, most of them 50.5% are answered financial issues to construct the rainwater harvesting followed by 21.5% they don’t know where to approach.Conclusions: An increasing number of population will soon increase the demand for water consumption. Rainwater harvesting which offers a lot of benefits not just for the users, but also to the government and environment, is a suitable alternative that could minimize the anticipated water supply crisis.
19
Rustogi, Paridhi, and S. K. Singh. "Ecological Benefits of Reviving Urban Water Bodies using Rainwater Harvesting." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 5, no. 2 (2017): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.521713.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water bodies across India are facing a myriad of ecological challenges due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. As India continues to develop, focus is shifting from preservation and conservation of natural resources to greater economic growth. Issues likeloss of watershed, increasing pollution levels, deteriorating water balance, encroachment and illegal constructions have led to a reduction in the number of urban water bodies and a dire lack of groundwater recharge has impacted the health of existing water bodies over time. Such issues coincide with an influx of population in India’s cities leading to an increase in demand of water resources for personal consumption and for industry. To cater to this rising demand for water across India, augmenting the number of water bodies and improving their health is crucial from a public health and ecological perspective. Water bodies like ponds and lakes provide various ecosystem services that are required to manage microclimate, biodiversity and nutrient cycling. In the Indian context, millions rely on these ecological services provided by water bodies and historically rainwater harvesting has been used as an easy, low-cost and locally adoptable technique to maintain water storage. Its application to revive water bodies can help revitalise water bodies and provide ecological benefits in the process. Implementation of community water management schemes with maximum people’s participation is crucial to ensure the success of such schemes. Similar studies across India and the world lay precedent for such practices and can ameliorate the water shortages faced at a micro level in today’s day and age
20
Welderufael, W. A., Y. E. Woyessa, and D. C. Edossa. "Hydrological impact of rainwater harvesting in the Modder river basin of central South Africa." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 3 (May 23, 2011): 5051–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-5051-2011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Along the path of water flowing in a river basin are many water-related human interventions that modify the natural systems. Rainwater harvesting is one such intervention that involves harnessing of water in the upstream catchment. Increased water usage at upstream level is an issue of concern for downstream water availability to sustain ecosystem services. The upstream Modder River basin, located in a semi arid region in the central South Africa, is experiencing intermittent meteorological droughts causing water shortages for agriculture, livestock and domestic purpose. To address this problem a technique was developed for small scale farmers with the objective of harnessing rainwater for crop production. However, the hydrological impact of a wider adoption of this technique by farmers has not been well quantified. In this regard, the SWAT hydrological model was used to simulate the hydrological impact of such practices. The scenarios studied were: (1) Baseline scenario, based on the actual land use of 2000, which is dominated by pasture (combination of natural and some improved grass lands) (PAST); (2) Partial conversion of Land use 2000 (PAST) to conventional agriculture (Agri-CON); and (3) Partial conversion of Land use 2000 (PAST) to in-field rainwater harvesting which was aimed at improving the precipitation use efficiency (Agri-IRWH). SWAT was calibrated using observed daily mean stream flow data of a sub-catchment (419 km2) in the study area. SWAT performed well in simulating the stream flow giving Nash and Sutcliffe (1970) efficiency index of 0.57 for the monthly stream flow calibration. The simulated water balance results showed that the highest peak mean monthly direct flow was obtained on Agri-CON land use (18 mm), followed by PAST (12 mm) and Agri-IRWH land use (9 mm). These were 19 %, 13 % and 11 % of the mean annual rainfall, respectively. The Agri-IRWH scenario reduced direct flow by 38 % compared to Agri-CON. On the other hand it was found that the Agri-IRWH contributed to more groundwater flow (40 mm) compared to PAST (32 mm) and Agri-CON (19 mm) scenarios. These results are in line with the intended purpose of Agri-IRWH. Although there was a visible impact of the rainwater harvesting technique on the water yield when considered on a monthly time frame, the overall result suggests that the water yield of one of the upper Modder River Basin quaternary catchment may not be adversely affected by the Agri-IRWH land use scenario despite its surface runoff abstraction design.
21
Lanzas, Gisela. "From water abundance to water scarcity: the case of the Chontalpa, Mexico." Journal of Political Ecology 27, no. 1 (April 10, 2020): 263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v27i1.23214.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article uses original ethnographic data to show how a development program known as Plan Chontalpa failed to extend potable water provision to rural people in Chontalpa, in Tabasco, Mexico. Despite arguably short-term benefits, this large state-led, large-scale hydrodevelopment program created overly large infrastructures and imposed a hierarchical water management regime on previously open-access water resources, negatively impacting the communities it purported to serve. This article demonstrates how, in lieu of the vulnerabilities created by the Plan, residents have resiliently devised their own water management system that combines customary techniques, such as harvesting rainwater, with formal and informal ones. In conclusion, this article insists that water management resilient practices at the household level can teach us alternative ways of decision-making that can transform local development efforts. Keywords: resilience, political ecology, water harvesting technique, household management, hydrodevelopment
22
Tripathi, Shubham Chandra. "Selecting Sites for Artificial Recharge of Groundwater with the Help of GIS, Remote Sensing and Geophysical Investigations in Jakhaura Block, Lalitpur, Uttar Pradesh." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (August 10, 2021): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37268.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water is a type of natural resource which has its application in almost every aspect of life and due to this it’s exploitation is observed at an increasingly fast rate. Our country is also suffering from water scarcity because its population is more than almost17% of the world’s population with only 4% of the World’s renewable water resources. In Indian sub-continent our dependency on Groundwater has increased very much. As a result, the Groundwater storage of our country is decreasing at very high rate and to address this we have thought to view the possibility of artificially recharging the Groundwater. This paper aims to find the suitable sites for building rainwater harvesting structures from combined use of Remote sensing, Geophysical technique and GIS in Jakhaura block of Lalitpur, Uttar Pradesh. The hard terrain feature of Jakhaura block makes the runoff very high and as a result infiltration of the rainwater to the groundwater is very low. For multi criteria evaluation, different thematic layers such as base map of area, drainage network, land use/ land cover, slope map, lineament, VES ( Resistivity meter) data, pseudo section using Zohdy software are taken into account. The overlay analysis of thematic layers has helped to make ground water prospects map, which has helped to make a site suitability map of different rainwater harvesting structures including percolation tanks, nala bunds, distillation tank and check dams etc.
23
Adham, Ammar, Rasha Abed, Karrar Mahdi, Waqed H. Hassan, Michel Riksen, and Coen Ritsema. "Rainwater Catchment System Reliability Analysis for Al Abila Dam in Iraq’s Western Desert." Water 15, no. 5 (March 1, 2023): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15050944.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rainwater Catchment System Reliability (RCSR) is the chance that a system will deliver the required water for an interval of time. Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) is gaining popularity as a potential alternative water source for household or agricultural use. The reliability of the Al Abila dam in the western desert of Iraq was analyzed using a water budget simulation model and two explanations of reliability, time-based reliability, and volumetric reliability. To evaluate rainwater harvesting system performance, comprehensive software utilizing a method for everyday water balance using data from 20 years of daily rainfall. According to the findings, volumetric reliability, and for the three climate scenarios (wet, average, and dry year), increased as the storage volume increased until a threshold accrued on the storage capacity of 11.7 × 105 m3. While time-based reliability shows an increase up to a storage volume of 10.2 × 105 m3. Volumetric reliability of roughly 34–75% may be achieved, while only 14–28% time-based reliability may be achieved. Water saving efficiency decreases with increasing demand fraction, while the runoff coefficient has no significant influence on water effectiveness. While growing storage fraction value increases the effectiveness of water conservation and the value of the runoff coefficient influences the water saving efficiency. For both cases, water saving efficiency for the dam does not reach 50%. Using daily rainfall data, the technique given in this paper might be applied to predict water savings and the RWH systems’ reliability in different arid and semi-arid areas.
24
Daoud, A. K., K. M. Swaileh, R. M. Hussein, and M. Matani. "Quality assessment of roof-harvested rainwater in the West Bank, Palestinian Authority." Journal of Water and Health 9, no. 3 (April 23, 2011): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2011.148.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rain harvesting is becoming more common in the Palestinian Territories as a result of drinking water scarcity. Although it might pose serious human health risk, this water is being consumed without treatment in many areas of the West Bank. The present study evaluates the physicochemical and microbial quality of harvested rainwater that is used as potable water in the West Bank. Samples from roof-harvested rainwater storage tanks (n = 42) were collected in summer (SS) 2006/winter (WS) 2007. Physicochemical parameters measured were: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, nitrate, copper and lead. With few exceptions, all these parameters were within WHO guideline values. All samples (100%) were found to contain coliforms and to be heavily contaminated with heterotrophic bacteria. About 67% of all samples were contaminated with fecal coliforms. Specific PCR technique confirmed the presence of five pathogenic microorganisms that can be ordered according to their prevalence as: Citrobacter (83%) > Acinetobacter (78%) > Aeromonas (52%) > Pseudomonas and Campylobacter (7%). Prevalence of microorganisms in SS was higher than in WS. Although the physicochemical quality of most harvested rainwater samples was in accordance with WHO guidelines for drinking water, stored rainwater was significantly contaminated with bacteria resulting in significant human health risk from infectious diseases.
25
Maryono, Agus, Tutut Herawan, Sindu Nuranto, Pratama Tirza Surya Sembada, and Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus. "GAMA-RainFilter: a modified rainwater harvesting technique to meet the demand of clean water in Indonesia." International Journal of Hydrology Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijhst.2021.10038836.
Повний текст джерела
26
Maryono, Agus, Sindu Nuranto, Pratama Tirza Surya Sembada, and Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus. "GAMA-RainFilter: a modified rainwater harvesting technique to meet the demand of clean water in Indonesia." International Journal of Hydrology Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijhst.2022.119272.
Повний текст джерела
27
Kuzucu, Meryem. "Kuru Üretim Zeytin Bahçelerinde Yağmur Suyu Hasadı Malç Uygulamasıyla Toprak ve Su Muhafazasının İncelenmesi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 4 (April 16, 2019): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i4.576-582.2194.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water harvesting techniques provide collecting rainwater to reduce the effects of water shortage and drought as well as the added benefits of soil and water conservation in dry areas. In this study, The Negarim microcatchment water harvesting technique was used in olive orchards established in sloping areas under rain fed conditions in the Southeast Anatolia Region. In this study, in order to rain water transport to plant the root zone in a total 36 micro-catchments with different surface treatments including plastic mulching, surface compaction, stone cropping and control were considered. Runoff, sediment losses, plant growth were measured in 2009-2010 water years. According to the results, the annual average rainfall ranged from 250 to 400 mm in this experimental area, the average maximum runoff was 6201 L/plot in plastic mulching treatment. The average minimum runoff was 810 L/plot in stone mulching during the experimental years. Average maximum sediment loss was measured as1163 g/plot in plots of the surface compaction plots, and average minimum sediment loss was 673.5 g/plot in stone mulching plots. The best erosion control was observed for micro-catchment surface covered with plastic mulching that also determined the best application for plant growth and plant height by 107.5 cm. Finally, in olive orchards in which established sloping areas without irrigation, Negarim micro-catchment water harvesting technique was found to be useful and feasible technique to increase tree height and growth, as well as soil and water conservation in sloping and arid agriculture areas.
28
Kebenei, Mercy Cheruto, Monicah Mucheru-Muna, and Felista Muriu-Ng’ang’a. "The potential of Zai pit technology and Integrated soil fertility management to enhance crop productivity in semi-arid regions of Sub-Sahara Africa: A review." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 8, no. 1 (2023): 063–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.81.8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Low and continuously deteriorating soil fertility coupled with frequent droughts and extended mid-season dry spells scenarios brought about by low and unreliable rainfalls have had a significant negative influence on agricultural productivity in most semi-arid regions of the world. The farmers' limited capacity to change their farming practices and adjust to the changing climatic circumstances further exacerbates these effects. Various in-field rainwater collection techniques, including Zai pits, have been promoted in recent years to assist farmers, particularly in dry and semi-arid locations, to harvest, store, and use rainfall for increased crop productivity. Zai pit is a form of dryland farming technique that involves the unitization of holes or troughs aimed at ensuring soil maintenance, soil erosion control and water preservation in agricultural fields. Additionally, combining effective soil fertility management strategies, such as integrated soil fertility management, with rainwater harvesting methods has the potential to further boost crop yields. Integrated soil fertility management involves the combined use of inorganic fertilizers and organic fertilizers such as cattle manure with the aim of improving soil fertility. Zai pit technology and integrated soil fertility management techniques have been utilized as climate smart agricultural approaches to reduce soil moisture stress and improve crop productivity in arid and semi-arid regions. This paper reviews previous research results on crop productivity as influenced by Zai pit technology and integrated soil fertility management techniques.
29
Munir, Bilal Ahmad, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, and Raja Rehan. "Torrential Flood Water Management: Rainwater Harvesting through Relation Based Dam Suitability Analysis and Quantification of Erosion Potential." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10010027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, a relation-based dam suitability analysis (RDSA) technique is developed to identify the most suitable sites for dams. The methodology focused on a group of the most important parameters/indicators (stream order, terrain roughness index, slope, multiresolution valley bottom flatness index, closed depression, valley depth, and downslope gradient difference) and their relation to the dam wall and reservoir suitability. Quantitative assessment results in an elevation-area-capacity (EAC) curve substantiating the capacity determination of selected sites. The methodology also incorporates the estimation of soil erosion (SE) using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model and sediment yield at the selected dam sites. The RDSA technique identifies two suitable dam sites (A and B) with a maximum collective capacity of approximately 1202 million m3. The RDSA technique was validated with the existing dam, Gomal-Zam, in the north of Sanghar catchment, where RDSA classified the Gomal-Zam Dam in a very high suitability class. The SE estimates show an average of 75 t-ha−1y−1 of soil loss occurs in the study area. The result shows approximately 298,073 and 318,000 tons of annual average sediment yield (SY) will feed the dam A and B respectively. The SE-based sediment yield substantiates the approximate life of Dam-A and Dam-B to be 87 and 90 years, respectively. The approach is dynamic and can be applied for any other location globally for dam site selection and SE estimation.
30
Kim, Yongkyun, Mooyoung Han, Julius Kabubi, Hong-Gyoo Sohn, and Duc-Canh Nguyen. "Community-based rainwater harvesting (CB-RWH) to supply drinking water in developing countries: lessons learned from case studies in Africa and Asia." Water Supply 16, no. 4 (March 8, 2016): 1110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper uses pragmatic findings and lessons learned from three case studies to deduce that community-based rainwater harvesting (CB-RWH) is an innovative solution to develop sustainable drinking water supply systems in developing countries, especially in Africa and Asia. Taking advantage of traditional community-based activities in African and Asian villages, the water supply system can be significantly improved with the introduction and implementation of CB-RWH systems. Furthermore, sustainable, safe water sources in Africa and Asia can be brought to fruition when transparent self-regulatory management systems are supported through comprehensive design and maintenance guidelines and funded from private and public sources. To this end, the potential for CB-RWH to lead toward greater resilience and sustainability was investigated. Based on case studies of three successful demonstration projects in Africa and Asia, this paper identifies 14 innovative solutions resolving technical, economic, and social problems which have been barriers preventing the wide implementation of CB-RWH in developing countries, especially in Africa and Asia. It also recommends strategies to promote CB-RWH in African and Asian villages, which include the following: implementation of more pilot projects at local levels; promotion of and education in rainwater preservation and harvesting at all levels of the education system; and innovation in micro-funding systems in cooperation with corporate social responsibility activities. These strategies will promote the implementation of CB-RWH as a mainstream and high-priority technique for national, regional, and global water strategies.
31
Şen, Burak, and Ali Kaan Yetik. "Su Hasadı Sistemlerinin Önemi ve Teknikleri." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, sp1 (December 12, 2020): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8isp1.46-53.3952.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Efficient use of water, one of the most critical life elements in the world, is becoming more and more important day by day. With the continuous increase in population and with climate change problems occur in terms of both consumption rate and usage patterns of water resources. It is becoming increasingly important to apply and research methods that can solve these problems all over the world. One of these solutions is the “Water Harvesting” method, which goes back many years. Water harvesting can be defined as the accumulation of runoff generated by precipitation to provide water for human, animal or crop use. While it is possible to see the use of the technique with roof and farm systems in micro-catchment dimension; wadi-bed and off-wadi (diversion) systems are used in macro-catchment dimension. In agricultural production, which uses a significant part of water resources, most of the rainwater falling into arid and semi-arid regions where production continues, goes away before could using efficiently by evaporation or flow. For this reason, the use of water resources becomes mandatory by using traditional irrigation methods in agricultural lands. With the water harvesting technique, after storing rain water, it can be held to be applied to crops. Hence the method since there will be no losses due to evaporation or flow, it will increase the total amount of irrigation water and reduce the pressure on water resources. Except for the protection of water resources, its role in preventing soil erosion is also seen as one of the main benefits of the method. In general, when the appropriate method is selected according to the appropriate geography, water harvesting has low inputs and is not difficult to apply. With a few exceptions, it does not require the use of pumps or energy input to deliver or deliver harvested water. In this study, information is given about the main elements, different usage areas and techniques of water harvesting.
32
Sikder, Abu Hena Mustafa Kamal, and Mashfiqus Salehin. "Multi-criteria decision making methods for rural water supply: a case study from Bangladesh." Water Policy 17, no. 6 (June 3, 2015): 1209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.111.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) is a process of evaluating alternatives against relevant decision making criteria. Several methods are available to facilitate the evaluation steps. This paper deals with a rural water supply problem in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Three different MCDM methods – weighted summation, analytical hierarchy process, and novel approach to imprecise assessment and decision environments – were used to evaluate the suitable water supply alternative. The ranking of alternatives obtained from these MCDM techniques produced similar results. Among five water supply alternatives evaluated, rainwater harvesting systems and deep tube wells scored first and second, respectively, for all three evaluation methods. In addition, sensitivity analyses were carried out for the MCDM techniques and these results did not show drastic variations either. This finding implies that while selection of MCDM technique is important, when evaluating similar problems more emphasis should be given to defining the problem comprehensively and thus selecting the relevant criteria and priorities to factor into the decision problem.
33
Abdeladhim, Mohamed Arbi, Luuk Fleskens, Jantiene Baartman, Mongi Sghaier, Mohamed Ouessar, and Coen J. Ritsema. "Generation of Potential Sites for Sustainable Water Harvesting Techniques in Oum Zessar Watershed, South East Tunisia." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 5754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14105754.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water harvesting techniques (WHTs) are important climate change adaptation measures to better manage rainwater for domestic and agricultural purposes, but which WHT to plan where is subject to sustainability considerations. Moreover, suitability of different WHTs varies from one location to another, depending on physical and socio-economic conditions. This study aimed to identify suitable sites for WHTs taking into account stakeholders’ sustainability criteria. In a participatory assessment framework, Geographic Information Systems and the “Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique” were combined to generate suitability maps and to guide sustainable WHTs investments. Steps included the calculation of a sustainability index for a set of traditional and newly introduced WHTs from the perspective of two stakeholder groups, farmers and decision-makers, and its integration with layers of biophysical constraints. An application of the framework in the Oum Zessar watershed, southeast Tunisia, shows that traditional techniques are the most suitable and sustainable for farmers and fall within the highly suitable class in 76.4% of the total area, while decision-makers prefer innovative techniques that are highly suitable in 80.4% of the watershed. The framework offers a scalable transparent process for knowledge integration in support of WHT investment decisions that can be adapted to other dryland areas.
34
Pandjaitan, Nora Herdiana, Arif Yusron Afifi, and Asep Sapei. "Design of Water Source Alternative Based on SWAT Model Simulation." Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 11, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v11i4.636-646.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water shortage problem was often happened in many places in Indonesia. Water availability is very important not only for domestic needs, but also for other activities particularly for agricultural activities. To solve water shortage problem, this study aimed to design a water source alternative. The rain is a free water source and collecting rain in the small dam or reservoir is one of the effective rainwater harvesting technique that can increase water availability. This research was conducted at Sekaran Village and the analysis had done using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tools) model. The planned rainfall and discharge were analysed by 5 years return period to calculate the water potential for reservoir charging. The results of this study indicated that the location of the reservoir was planned in a forest area with a slope of 8-25%, on coordinates 111º38'11.39"E and 7º6'14.22"S and has a storage volume of 13737 m3. The reservoir has 4356 m2 surface area with a depth of 3 m. Based on the SWAT model simulation, the highest average discharge potential occured in February with a discharge of 0.312 m3/s and the lowest average discharge occured in October with a discharge of 0.044 m3/s. The total volume of potential annual water that can fill the reservoir is 61.166 m3/s per year based on a planned rainfall of 115.38 mm and a planned flood discharge of 2.54 m3/s with a return period of 5 years. The reservoir construction required a cost of IDR 1,200,747,000. Keywords: Cost, Location, Rainwater Harvesting, Reservoir, SWAT
35
Mdee, Ombeni, Malugu Tembo, and William Mwegoha. "Estimation of Storage Tank Capacities for Different Roof Catchment Areas for Rainwater Harvesting in Dodoma Urban, Tanzania." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 41, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v41i2.784.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study uses a mass balance model and economic analysis technique to present an estimation of roofing areas and storage tank capacity for Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) system. The water-saved benefits were estimated using the monthly rainfall of over 39 years from 1981 to 2020 and five roofing areas. The proposed roof-storage-ratio method presents the minimum requirement of roof area and storage tank size when the ratio value is closer to 1. The benefit-cost ratio and percentage of reliability indicated the optimal roofing areas ranging between 200 and 300 m2 for storage tank capacity between 20 and 25 m3, with a minimum discount rate of 5%. The increased capacity of storage tank and roofing area would also be a potential factor to increase the investment cost for installing the RWH system.
36
Sadeq, Soran N., and Juma K. Mohammad. "The Application of Watershed Delineation Technique and Water Harvesting Analysis to Select and Design Small Dams: A Case Study in Qara-Hanjeer Subbasin, Kirkuk-NE Iraq." Iraqi Geological Journal 55, no. 1B (February 28, 2022): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.55.1b.6ms-2022-02-22.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The rainwater harvesting technique is one of the solutions to overcome the effect of water shortage crises in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study, the feasibility of using small dams in water harvesting has been examined at Qara- Hanjeer sub-basin that lies east of Kirkuk, N-Iraq with a surface area of 503.88 Km2. Watershed boundary for entire basin has been delineated comparatively by mask method, using hydrology toolset in ArcGIS (10) software. Direct surface runoff is calculated using Soil Conservation Service Curve Number method based on data from Kirkuk meteorological station for the period (1995-2020), information obtained from land use map, and soil type, the basin is divided into six zones with different CN values, Moreover, for average annual rainfall (334.33 mm/year), water surplus was 190.2 mm and surface runoff was 25.77 mm representing 7.708 % of the total rainfall. The runoff depth was 167.03 mm/year and the total annual harvested runoff is 12.99x106 m3 Several temporary and semi-permanent check dams could be built across the valleys, with height (< 3m.). These dams are of low cost, reduce the loss of runoff water, improve agriculture, tourism and add impetus to the ecosystem programs in Qara-Hanjeer city.
37
Botha, J. J., L. D. Van Rensburg, J. J. Anderson, P. P. Van Staden, and M. Hensley. "IMPROVING MAIZE PRODUCTION OF IN-FIELD RAINWATER HARVESTING TECHNIQUE AT GLEN IN SOUTH AFRICA BY THE ADDITION OF MULCHING PRACTICES." Irrigation and Drainage 61 (October 2012): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.1681.
Повний текст джерела
38
Alamailes, Abubaker, John Walton, Priscilla Sandoval, Arturo Woocay, and Osvaldo Broesicke. "SUSTAINABLE HOUSE-SCALE PASSIVE RAINWATER CAPTURE LANDSCAPE IN THE DESERT SOUTHWEST." Journal of Green Building 9, no. 1 (April 2014): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618-9.1.113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A passive rainwater harvesting technique was used to design a sustainable landscape for a residential lot located in the desert. The design was adapted to the Desert Southwest region of the United States based on thirty years of daily historical climate data including precipitation and reference evapotranspiration (ET0). Four cities including El Paso, TX, Albuquerque, NM, Phoenix, AZ, and Pahrump, NV, were selected to represent the area. The residential lot was broken up into micro-watersheds reflecting the runoff of water from each separate portion of the house roof, driveway, and lawn area. The paper explains in detail the design steps for one of the micro-watersheds where water retention and infiltration structures were distributed throughout the soil area to capture stormwater runoff close to its source. A passive rainwater capture landscape was obtained by using the stormwater captured in the infiltration structures and stored in the surrounding soil. Native vegetation (shrubs and trees) will use this water exclusively for growth. These plants will not require watering once their root establishment period has passed, except in extreme droughts. Meanwhile, stormwater discharge from the lot will decrease and the groundwater recharge will increase. Results indicate that the current urban water budget can be made sustainable by replacing watering of landscape by municipal water with harvested stormwater. This results in a relatively lush and shady environment even in desert climates. The success is an artifact of the tendency of urban watersheds to increase the volume of stormwater relative to pre-development conditions.
39
Mustafa, Ajaz, Usman Mustafa, and Mahmood Khalid. "Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting Technology and Women Time Allocation in District Bagh and Battagram Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 50, no. 4II (December 1, 2011): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v50i4iipp.459-470.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water is essential requirement of life and its accessibility is the basic right of all human beings. Safe drinking water is an essential component of primary health. It plays a vital role in livelihood, food security and sustainable development. Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Technology (RRWH) is a best alternative approach to conserve and supply water. Especially, it is crucial in seismically sensitive, geographically uneven, and countryside areas. A large majority of population in Pakistan is living in areas, where access to safe drinking water is very serious issue. In these areas most vulnerable segment of population is women because they are the ones who have to fetch water from far flung areas for their daily consumption. In order to resolve the issue of water in Pakistan, a number of public and private agencies are working in this field. Different approaches, techniques, and practices are being adopted to address this issue. Present study evaluates the impact of RRWH technology with special reference to women time allocation in Bagh and Battagram districts of Pakistan. Analyses were carried out using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique to quantify the results. The results reveal that RRWH technology is viable, time saving, women friendly, and sustainable source of safe drinking water supply, especially in seismically sensitive, geographically uneven, and countryside areas of Pakistan. JEL classification: O13, Q25, Q56, Q58, R28 Keywords: Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting: Safe Drinking Water, Seismically Sensitive, Geographically Uneven, and Countryside: Women, AJK and KP, Pakistan.
40
Shashikumar, B. N., V. Garg, and B. R. Nikam. "ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SUITABLE WATER HARVESTING SITE IN GEOSPATIAL ENVIRONMENT." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-5 (November 15, 2018): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-5-189-2018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Water is the prime requirement for agriculture, domestic uses and industrial production. In India the per capita available of water is decreasing at a higher rate due to impact of climate change and ever-increasing population. Rainwater harvesting is the technique which is being used in effective storing of surface runoff. There are various types of water harvesting structures namely check dam, farm pond, percolation tank, etc. However, identification of potential site for the construction of the particular water harvesting structure is bit difficult as it depends upon numerous parameters such as soil type, slope, water availability, land use and land cover of the site and the surrounding, etc. The guidelines such as Food and Agriculture Organization; Integrated Mission for Sustainable Development are available for selecting suitable site for water harvesting structures. As the site suitability analysis involves multiple parameters for decision making, in the present study, the selection of suitable site for check dam is made through analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in geospatial domain for Hatni watershed, Madhya Pradesh, India. As location for check dam construction is influenced by soil texture, slope of the terrain, land use land cover, stream order and water availability; these parameters were derived from remote sensing data and analysed. The slope and stream network layers were generated from the digital elevation model (DEM). Further, the influence of soil and water availability in identifying the suitable sites was studied through soil texture and curve number. Different parameters influence the site suitability analysis, therefore, in the present study, IMSD guidelines were used to assign weights to each parameter under consideration. The layers were assigned weights by AHP technique based on pairwise comparison. The layers were reclassified according to the weights, then overlay analysis has been done to get the final site suitability map. As remote sensing provides the synoptic coverage of the earth, it has been further utilised to study the impact of water harvesting structure on its surrounding. The land use land cover map of before and after the construction of water harvesting structure was analysed for change in vegetation condition. It was observed that the vegetative cover has increased after implementation of the water conservation measures. It may be concluded that the geospatial technology has immense potential in site suitability studies for water harvesting structures.</p>
41
Chiu, Yie-Ru, Kamaleddin Aghaloo, and Babak Mohammadi. "Incorporating Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Iran’s Potable Water-Saving Scheme by Using a GIS-Simulation Based Decision Support System." Water 12, no. 3 (March 9, 2020): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030752.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rainwater harvesting systems (RWHSs) have been accepted as a simple and effective approach to ease the worsening of urban water stress. However, in arid and semiarid regions, a comprehensive method for promoting domestic RWHSs in a large-scale water-saving scheme that incorporates water consumption reducing equipment (WCRE) and gray water reuse (GWR), has not been well developed. For this, based on the case study of Guilan Province, Iran, this study addressed the temporal-spatial complex of rainfall and proposed a GIS-simulation-based decision support system (DSS). Herein, two scenarios, i.e., the typical RWHS and the modified RWHS for arid areas, were tested; and the associated economic analysis was performed and compared with WCRE and GWR. Moreover, for larger-scale implementation, the multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) technique was further applied to address the social-environmental complexity of these water-saving methods. Guilan Province has thereby been classified into three priority levels, providing a straightforward understanding of how to promote the large-scale water-saving scheme. Compared with the traditional generalized method, sensitivity analysis verified that this DSS enhanced the information value. Hence, the DSS that provides more holistic and comprehensive support has been identified as a useful tool to ease the threat of urban water stress.
42
My Lan, Nguyen Hoang. "COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVE OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEM TECHNIQUES: A CASE STUDY OF NHIEU LOC – THI NGHE SUB-BASIN IN HO CHI MINH CITY, VIET NAM." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 56, no. 2C (August 29, 2018): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/56/2c/13031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the philosophy of stimulating ways that nature behaves under extreme weather conditions, Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SUDS) has been internationally recognized as one of the most sustainable approaches to minimizing the impacts of flooding on urban development coupled with the achievement of multiple benefits on environmental and social aspects. In this paper, the social aspect of SUDS is examined through the community’s acceptance of a wide range of SUDS techniques, including Green Roof (GR), Rainwater Harvesting (RWH), Pervious Pavement (PP), Green Open Space (GOP), and Pervious Parking Lot (PPL). Data were collected through a social survey of community responses to above SUDS applications in Nhieu Loc – Thi Nghe sub-basin from November 2016 to March 2017, then SPSS software was used to analyze data and test statistical hypothesis. The results show that the most preferred SUDS technique is PP, followed by PPL, GOP, RWH and GR respectively. Through statistical hypothesis test, the relationship exists between (1) the community’s acceptability to proposed SUDS techniques and district as well as gender; (2) the community’s acceptance for and their knowledge of SUDS applications; and (3) the priority of SUDS’s benefits between the districts and acceptability as well as understanding of SUDS applications.
43
Mak-Mensah, Erastus, Faisal Eudes Sam, Itoba Ongagna Ipaka Safnat Kaito, Wucheng Zhao, Dengkui Zhang, Xujiao Zhou, Xiaoyun Wang, Xiaole Zhao, and Qi Wang. "Influence of tied-ridge with biochar amendment on runoff, sediment losses, and alfalfa yield in northwestern China." PeerJ 9 (August 25, 2021): e11889. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11889.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Loss of organic matter and mineral nutrients to soil erosion in rain-fed agriculture is a serious problem globally, especially in China’s Loess Plateau. As a result, increasing rainwater usage efficiency by tied-ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting with biochar is expected to improve agricultural productivity. Nonetheless, with limited knowledge on tied-ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting with biochar, small-scale farmers face the challenge of adoption, thus, the rationale for this study. Materials and methods A field experiment was conducted to determine the influence of open-ridging (OR) and tied-ridging (TR) with bio-degradable film on ridges and biochar in furrows on runoff, sediment losses, soil moisture, fodder yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) on sloped land, using flat planting (FP) without ridges and furrows as control, during alfalfa-growing year (2020). Results Runoff in flat planting (30%), open ridging (45%), and tied ridging (52%) were decreased with biochar to the extent where sediment was decreased in flat planting (33%), open ridging (43%), and tied ridging (44%) as well. The mean runoff efficiency was lower in flat planting (31%), open ridging (45%), and tied ridging (50%) in biochar plots compared to no-biochar plots. In biochar and no-biochar plots, soil temperature on ridges of TR was higher than that on OR, which was higher than FP during alfalfa growing season. Soil temperature in furrows during alfalfa growing season in biochar and no-biochar plots were in the order FP > OR > TR. Mean soil water storage for FP, OR, and TR, in biochar plots was higher than in no-biochar plots. This indicates biochar has a beneficial impact on open riding. Total annual net fodder yield (NFY) was significantly (p = 0.00) higher in treatments in the order TR > OR > FP. Tied ridging had a significant effect on actual fodder yield (AFY) in biochar plots, while open ridging significantly affected AFY in no-biochar plots. Annual total mean NFY and AFY increased by 8% and 11% in biochar plots compared to no-biochar plots. In biochar and no-biochar plots, water use efficiency was in the order TR > OR > FP. Conclusively, water use efficiency was significantly higher (p = 0.01) in biochar plots compared to no-biochar plots. Conclusion When crop production is threatened by soil erosion and drought, mulched tied-ridge with biochar is beneficial to crop growth in rain-fed agriculture, according to this research. Smallholder farmers should be trained on applying this technique for water-saving to mitigate runoff, soil erosion, sediment losses, and improve food security in semiarid areas.
44
Sur, H. S., Anil Bhardwaj, and P. K. Jindal. "Performance evaluation and impact assessment of a small water-harvesting structure in the Shiwalik foothills of northern India." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 16, no. 3 (September 2001): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300009036.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractConstruction of small water-harvesting structures (WHS) across seasonal streams, in the vicinity of cultivated areas, has proved to be a viable technique of water harvesting in the Shiwalik foothills of northern India. This paper reports on the performance and impact of one such structure in this area. Sufficient rainwater was available for harvesting because 86 ± 5.4% of monsoon rainstorms were runoff producing, resulting in collection of 29 ± 5% of the total monsoon rainfall. Out of this harvested water around 62% was available for irrigation at the start of the Rabi season (i.e., the dry season starting around 1 November). With time the water losses from the WHS declined from 66% in the first year of construction (1985) to 18% in 1996, because of sealing of soil pores from siltation of the reservoir bed. The life of the WHS was estimated to be 65 years at the observed average siltation rate of 47 Mg/ha/year. After construction of the WHS, the area under cultivation increased from 17 ha to 20 ha and the cropping intensity by 170 to 200%. The Rabi crop yields were approximately doubled. Assured availability of water and fodder increased milk production by 103%. Additional annual income of Rs. 7,015 per year was generated through fish culture. A rise in the groundwater level and higher growth of vegetation around the WHS were also observed. On the basis of increased crop production alone, the WHS proved to be an economically viable venture resulting in a benefit:cost ratio of greater than one. Socioeconomic considerations in the management of the WHS were also studied and showed that community involvement was essential to the success of this project.
45
Senanuch, Chiranan, Takuji W. Tsusaka, Avishek Datta, and Nophea Sasaki. "Improving Hill Farming: From Maize Monocropping to Alternative Cropping Systems in the Thai Highlands." Land 11, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11010132.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lately, the Hill Pond Rice System (HPRS) is being promoted as a form of alternative farming systems in selected northern provinces of Thailand, in which the land conversion is designed to maximize rainwater harvesting in farmland consisting of forest trees, water reservoirs, paddy fields, and high-value crop cultivation to serve environmental and livelihood needs. This study employed the double-hurdle model and the tobit technique to investigate the farm-level factors associated with land conversion from maize monocropping to the HPRS using primary data collected from 253 households in Nan, Chiang Mai, Tak, and Lampang Provinces. It was found that education, farming knowledge, understanding benefits of the HPRS, access to water sources, access to advis, and workforce sharing raised the likelihood and extent of farmland conversion into the HPRS. In contrast, perceived complexity of the HPRS, experiences with negative shocks, and land tenure security lowered the likelihood and extent of land conversion. The findings suggest that on-farm collective action should be promoted to mitigate labor constraints in implementation and that access to equipment should be enhanced through HPRS advisors’ visits.
46
Atikul Islam, Md, Hiroyuki Sakakibara, Md Rezaul Karim, and Masahiko Sekine. "Potable water scarcity: options and issues in the coastal areas of Bangladesh." Journal of Water and Health 11, no. 3 (May 9, 2013): 532–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2013.215.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the coastal areas of Bangladesh, scarcity of drinking water is acute as freshwater aquifers are not available at suitable depths and surface water is highly saline. Households are mainly dependent on rainwater harvesting, pond sand filters and pond water for drinking purposes. Thus, individuals in these areas often suffer from waterborne diseases. In this paper, water consumption behaviour in two southwestern coastal districts of Bangladesh has been investigated. The data for this study were collected through a survey conducted on 750 rural households in 39 villages of the study area. The sample was selected using a random sampling technique. Households' choice of water source is complex and seasonally dependent. Water sourcing patterns, households' preference of water sourcing options and economic feasibility of options suggest that a combination of household and community-based options could be suitable for year-round water supply. Distance and time required for water collection were found to be difficult for water collection from community-based options. Both household and community-based options need regular maintenance. In addition to installation of water supply facilities, it is necessary to make the residents aware of proper operation and maintenance of the facilities.
47
Sahoo, Jayaprakash, and Raseswari Pradhan. "Smart rainwater harvesting techniques." International Journal of Water 1, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijw.2020.10039012.
Повний текст джерела
48
Mak-Mensah, Erastus, Peter Bilson Obour, and Qi Wang. "Influence of tied-ridge-furrow with inorganic fertilizer on grain yield across semiarid regions of Asia and Africa: A meta-analysis." PeerJ 9 (August 17, 2021): e11904. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11904.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background In semiarid areas, low productivity of crops has been attributed to lack of appropriate soil moisture conservation practices since droughts and soil erosion are rampant in most areas of this region. Consequently, ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting is widely used in these regions across the globe. Despite ridge-furrow being widely practiced, tied-ridge-furrow has not been extensively adopted by small-scale farmers in semi-arid regions. Consequently, the effectiveness of tied-ridge-furrow as a viable method of increasing crop yield has received less attention. Methodology For large-scale implementation, a detailed assessment of how ridge furrow, tied–ridge-furrow with fertilizer, tied-ridge-furrow with mulching and tied-ridge-furrow without mulching or fertilizer influence crop yield in different agro-environments under varying climatic conditions is needed. This study used the PRISMA guidelines to determine the impact of tied-ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting technique with mulching or fertilizer on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) grain yields. Results Sorghum grain yield increased by 17% greater in tied-ridge-furrow without mulching or fertilizer in comparison to flat planting. This may be due to increase in soil organic carbon in the region (9 g kg−1). Grain yield of millet significantly increased by 20–40% in Africa from 18 study observations in tied-ridge-furrow with fertilizer application as compared to tied-ridge-furrow without mulching or fertilizer treatments. This might be due to the significant increase in total nitrogen by 13–42% in the soil at <50 mg kg−1 quantity which had an effect size of 469.14 [65.60, 872.67]. In terms of soil texture, grain yield of millet and sorghum significantly increased in heavy textured soils (clay loam, silt clay, and clay soils) with an effect size of 469.14 [65.60, 872.67] compared to light and medium-textured soils of zero effect sizes. Millet and sorghum grain yields in tied-ridge-furrow with mulching, on the other hand, were not significantly different from those in flat planting. This may be due to the mulching materials used in those tests. Conclusion In view of yields of sorghum and millet increased significantly by 32% and 17% in tied-ridge-furrow without mulching or fertilizer treatment compared to flat planting and tied-ridge-furrow with fertilizer treatment compared with tied-ridge-furrow without mulching or fertilizer treatment, respectively, this study recommend the use of fertilizers in a tied-ridge-furrow system to increase grain yield in semiarid areas compared to flat planting. Again, the study recommends more research on tied-ridge-furrow systems with other organic mulches and fertilizers in semiarid areas.
49
Abellán García, Ana Isabel, Noelia Cruz Pérez, and Juan C. Santamarta. "Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems in Spain: Analysis of the Research on SUDS Based on Climatology." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 7258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137258.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS), or urban green infrastructure for stormwater control, emerged for more sustainable management of runoff in cities and provide other benefits such as urban mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Research in Spain began a little over twenty years ago, which was later than in other European countries, and it began in a heterogeneous way, both in the SUDS typology and spatially within the peninsular geography. The main objective of this work has been to know through bibliographic review the state of the art of scientific research of these systems and their relationship with the different types of climates in the country. These structures have a complex and sensitive dependence on the climate, which in the Iberian Peninsula is mostly type B and C (according to the Köppen classification). This means little water availability for the vegetation of some SUDS, which can affect the performance of the technique. To date, for this work, research has focused mainly on green roofs, their capabilities as a sustainable construction tool, and the performance of different plant species used in these systems in arid climates. The next technique with the most real cases analyzed is permeable pavements in temperate climates, proving to be effective in reducing flows and runoff volumes. Other specific investigations have focused on the economic feasibility of installing rainwater harvesting systems for the laundry and the hydraulic performance of retention systems located specifically in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula. On the contrary, few scientific articles have appeared that describe other SUDS with vegetation such as bioretention systems or green ditches, which are characteristic of sustainable cities, on which the weather can be a very limiting factor for their development.
50
Mussa, Kassim Ramadhani, Ibrahimu Chikira Mjemah, and Revocatus Lazaro Machunda. "Open-Source Software Application for Hydrogeological Delineation of Potential Groundwater Recharge Zones in the Singida Semi-Arid, Fractured Aquifer, Central Tanzania." Hydrology 7, no. 2 (May 17, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology7020028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study attempted to delineate and map potential groundwater recharge zones of the Singida, semi-arid, fractured crystalline basement aquifer using open source remote sensing and GIS software. Various thematic maps such as lithology/hydrogeology, soil, land-cover/use, slope, lineament density, drainage density and rainfall distribution were integrated in QGIS software. Vector input layers were rasterized and resampled using QGIS wrap projection function to make sure that the grid cells are of the same size. Reclassification using SAGA and GRASS reclass algorithms in QGIS was carried out to realign the factor classes in a consistent scale, and reclassification to a scale of 1 to 5 was carried out to harmonize the results. The study identified a number of potential areas for groundwater recharge, groundwater exploration, groundwater development and potential areas for artificial groundwater recharge. Potential groundwater recharge zones for the Singida semi-arid fractured aquifer are restricted to areas with high lineament density, cultivated areas, grassland and flat to gentle slopes. The potential of groundwater recharge is also observed in areas with low drainage density. The delineated zones provide a good understanding of the potential recharge zones, which are a starting point for recharge zone protection. This blended approach can be utilized for carrying out suitability analysis using the weighted overlay analysis approach. Areas designated good and very good are recommended for artificial recharging structures as an alternative technique for enhancing groundwater recharge through rainwater harvesting. This will help to augment groundwater storage in this semi-arid environment.