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1
Moritz, Craig. "Management for sustainability." Pacific Conservation Biology 1, no. 4 (1994): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc940275.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this, the fourth issue, we have the usual mix of reviews, essays and original research papers. Several articles address the complex issue of management for sustainability; what does this mean and how, for example, can we make use of forests without adversely affecting their biological processes and diversity? Another thought-provoking review considers the potential impacts of climate change and implications for conservation policy and planning. The research papers include one on rainforest expansion and another on the use of rainforest fragments by fauna; each of these is relevant to the management of tropical rainforests in north Queensland.
2
Frawley, Kevin J. "Queensland rainforest management: Frontier attitudes and public policy." Journal of Rural Studies 7, no. 3 (January 1991): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(91)90086-8.
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3
Chapman, Angela, and Graham N. Harrington. "Responses by birds to fire regime and vegetation at the wet sclerophyll/tropical rainforest boundary." Pacific Conservation Biology 3, no. 3 (1997): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc970213.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Changes in fire regime have been identified as the cause of the loss of nearly 50% of wet sclerophyll forest in north Queensland in the last 50 years. In the absence of fire, rainforest invades and eventually eliminates the specialized wet sclerophyll forest biota. Bird populations and foraging behaviour were monitored in areas selected to encompass both recent and advanced rainforest invasion. Foraging guilds are discussed in relation to increasing rainforest biomass. Some species, such as the Pale Yellow Robin Tregallasia capito nana were advantaged by the expansion of rainforest. Other species, such as the Golden Whistler Pachycephala pectoralis showed no significant response, whereas the endemic subspecies of the Eastern Yellow Robin Eopsaltria australis magnirostris was clearly disadvantaged. The latter species is of particular concern because in north-east Queensland it is dependent upon wet areas adjacent to rainforest and requires open ground in which to forage. Over the longer term the White-naped Melithreptus lunatus and White-cheeked Phylidonyris nigra Honeyeaters are also threatened by habitat loss. These honeyeaters favour the wetter areas adjacent to the rainforest which are gradually being lost to the invasive process. To maximize biological diversity in the wet tropics of north Queensland, it is necessary to maintain the full spectrum of natural habitats. Fire management is therefore required to maintain the wet sclerophyll forest and its dependent fauna.
4
Mitchell, J., W. Dorney, R. Mayer, and J. McIlroy. "Spatial and temporal patterns of feral pig diggings in rainforests of north Queensland." Wildlife Research 34, no. 8 (2007): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06064.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Feral pigs (Sus scrofa) are believed to have a severe negative impact on the ecological values of tropical rainforests in north Queensland, Australia. Most perceptions of the environmental impacts of feral pigs focus on their disturbance of the soil or surface material (diggings). Spatial and temporal patterns of feral pig diggings were identified in this study: most diggings occurred in the early dry season and predominantly in moist soil (swamp and creek) microhabitats, with only minimal pig diggings found elsewhere through the general forest floor. The overall mean daily pig diggings were 0.09% of the rainforest floor. Most diggings occurred 3–4 months after the month of maximum rainfall. Most pig diggings were recorded in highland swamps, with over 80% of the swamp areas dug by pigs at some time during the 18-month study period. These results suggest that management of feral pig impacts should focus on protecting swamp and creek microhabitats in the rainforest, which are preferred by pigs for digging and which have a high environmental significance.
5
Laurance, WF, J. Garesche, and CW Payne. "Avian nest predation in modified and natural habitats in troprical Queensland: an exeperimental study." Wildlife Research 20, no. 6 (1993): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9930711.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Predation on artificial avian ground-nests was assessed from March to December 1991 in rainforest and nearby modified habitats in tropical Queensland. Data from 610 experimental nests were used to determine relative predation intensity in five types of habitat or microhabitat. Nest predators were identified with live-traps, with baited grease-plates and by regular observations of 380 additional nests. Predation intensity was patchy but often heavy in forested habitats (rainforest interiors, secondary forest, rainforest-pasture edges, and a rainforest-secondary forest edge) and negligible in adjoining cattle pastures. Forest edges exhibited no obvious edge-interior gradients in predation intensity. Most predation occurred at night in rainforest (88%) and secondary forest (61%), and patterns of egg damage suggested that mammals were responsible for most (>71%) nest predation. A combined nest-predation and live-trapping experiment on six study plots revealed that the abundance of white-tailed rats (Uromys caudimaculatus) was a highly effective predictor of local predation intensity (F=30.15, r*2=0.85, P=0.004). One of Australia's largest rodents, the white-tailed rat may be a key opportunistic predator of some bird nests in north Queensland rainforest.
6
N. Harrington, G., and K. D. Sanderson. "Recent contraction of wet sclerophyll forest in the wet tropics of Queensland due to invasion by rainforest." Pacific Conservation Biology 1, no. 4 (1994): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc940319.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vegetation maps were prepared from aerial photographs taken in 1943?45 and 1991?92 of three, widely separated areas of sclerophyll forest adjacent to the western edge of rainforest on granitic soils in north Queensland. Nine types of sclerophyll communities could be discerned from aerial photos and characterized by field measurement. Two types of Wet Sclerophyll Forest (WSFa and b) were separated on the species of tree composing the tallest stratum and these were subdivided according to whether the ground layer was dominated by grass or young rainforest. A related type showed large, residual Eucalyptus grandis emergent from mature rainforest. Closed canopy sclerophyll forest with no emergents (SF), sclerophyll woodland and Acaciaforest were also discerned. WSF was defined as having more than 30 per cent of the closed crown cover contributed by trees more than 35 m tall. During the 50-year study period rainforest invaded 70 per cent of WSFa (tallest stratum dominated by E. grandis), which principally occurs as a narrow strip along the rainforest margin, and 57 per cent of the adjacent WSFb (tallest stratum composed of mixed species). Grass would be quickly excluded from invaded areas and thereafter they would only burn under extreme atmospheric conditions. Because sclerophyll trees are unable to regenerate in shade and usually require fire to provide the appropriate conditions, a long-term transition to rainforest may ensue. The final stages of this transition were observed in areas that exhibited full-stature rainforest with large, relictual E. grandis emergents in 1943, but had disappeared by 1992. The initial cause of this vegetation transition is a fire-free period of sufficient length for rainforest tree seedlings to establish and suppress the grass layer. It is not known whether these vegetation changes represent a trend, possibly caused by a change a century ago from fire management by Aboriginal people to management for the cattle industry, or whether it is a temporary phase in the fire-induced, dynamic relationship between rainforest and sclerophyll vegetation. The current loss of WSF probably endangers the survival of a range of genetically endemic biota. Most groups are poorly known but the marsupial Yellowbellied Glider Petaurus australis reginae is totally dependent upon WSF and a number of vertebrates would probably go locally extinct if WSF is replaced by rainforest. WSF is the wettest part of the sclerophyll communities and probably acts as a refuge in times of unusual aridity. To maintain the WSF habitat, fire management is clearly indicated, but the intensity of fire required to reverse the advance of rainforest may be socially unacceptable to instigate or impossible to control if it occurs by accident.
7
Boxall, George D., John J. Sandberg, and Frederieke J. Kroon. "Population structure, movement and habitat preferences of the purple-spotted gudgeon, Mogurnda adspersa." Marine and Freshwater Research 53, no. 5 (2002): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01039.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We examined the movement patterns and habitat preferences of Mogurnda adspersa in Pattersons Creek, a small, low-order, rainforest creek in Gillies Range State Forest, Far North Queensland, Australia. First, we conducted a capture and recapture study to document population structure and individual movements. Our results show that movement is a prominent feature of population behaviour of M. adspersa, with male gudgeons moving significantly more between pools than females, irrespective of gudgeon size. Second, we quantitatively described habitat characteristics of rainforest pools using point sampling. This data was then combined with capture data to describe the habitat preference of M. adspersa. Our results show that the number of gudgeons was positively related to pool size and decreased with increasing pool velocity. We discuss the results in light of effective management options for the species habitat in general, and Far North Queensland in particular.
8
Pavlov, PM, FHJ Crome, and LA Moore. "Feral Pigs, Rainforest Conservation and Exotic Disease in North Queensland." Wildlife Research 19, no. 2 (1992): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9920179.
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Feral pigs [Sus scrofa] are perceived to cause considerable damage in the rain forests of NE Queensland. The distribution, biology and effects of feral pigs in the region were reviewed and the likely efficacy of control options assessed. Topics covered include parasites and diseases of pigs, and the effects of introduction of exotic livestock diseases (in particular foot and mouth disease). The results are presented of a survey of feral pigs in the Cooktown-Townsville area, Queensland carried out during January-May and May-September 1988. Sightings of pigs, presence of tracks, dung, wallows and areas of rooting were used as signs of pig activity. Some 80% of the transects showed signs of pig activity during at least one of the study periods.
9
Hill, Rosemary, Dermot Smyth, Harry Shipton, and Peter Fischer. "Cattle, mining or fire? The historical causes of recent contractions of open forest in the wet tropics of Queensland through invasion by rainforest." Pacific Conservation Biology 7, no. 3 (2001): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc010185.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Changes to Aboriginal fire regimes since European occupation are thought to have affected the range and demographic structure of many vegetation communities. This study shows a contraction by 49% of the area of fire-prone open forest through rainforest invasion between 1945 and 1991-94 in the northern wet tropics of Queensland, Australia. Relative Growth Rates (RGR) for open forest areas varied from -0.112 to -0.005. Collaborative historical research with the Aboriginal traditional owners, the Kuku-Yalanji people, investigated possible linkages with alterations to their fire practices. A multiplicity of human impacts is associated with the measured vegetation change, including clearing for agriculture and mining, logging for timber and firewood, and the introduction of cattle and horses. Some rainforest expansion since 1945 represents a recovery following clearing from earlier mining operations. Contraction of open forest through rainforest invasion was most rapid (RGR = -0.124) where there was a continuation of Aboriginal fire management with cattle grazing. The contraction of open forest was nine times slower in an ungrazed area (RGR = -0.005) than in a nearby area grazed by horses (RGR = -0.045). Aboriginal fire regimes may act synergistically with cattle or horse grazing to accelerate the invasion of rainforest into open forest. Management prescriptions currently focus on active fire management to prevent further open forest contraction. However, fire management may have unexpected outcomes when rainforest-open forest dynamics are complicated by recent historical factors such as cattle grazing, logging, and tin mining, and possible synergies between these factors and fire regimes. Managers need to understand the histories of particular sites when formulating plans, and monitor the consequences of their actions to enable an adaptive approach.
10
White, Eve, Nigel Tucker, Noel Meyers, and John Wilson. "Seed dispersal to revegetated isolated rainforest patches in North Queensland." Forest Ecology and Management 192, no. 2-3 (May 2004): 409–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.002.
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11
Whitehead, Tegan, Miriam Goosem, and Noel D. Preece. "Use by small mammals of a chronosequence of tropical rainforest revegetation." Wildlife Research 41, no. 3 (2014): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14082.
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Context The conversion of tropical rainforest to grazing pasture results in a drastic change in small-mammal community composition. Restoring the landscape through ecological revegetation is thus an increasingly important management technique to conserve rainforest mammals. Aims This study aimed to determine the habitat ages at which species of small mammals recolonised revegetated habitats on the southern Atherton Tablelands, north-eastern Queensland, Australia. We focussed on changes in rainforest mammal abundance and diversity with increasing habitat age. Methods Small-mammal trapping and mark–recapture techniques investigated mammal diversity, abundance and community composition within remnant rainforest, three age classes of ecological revegetation and abandoned grazing pasture. Key results Small-mammal community composition differed between remnant rainforest and abandoned grazing pasture. The pasture and 3-year old revegetated sites were similar in composition, both lacking rainforest small mammals. Six- and 7-year old revegetation plantings provided suboptimal habitat for both rainforest and grassland mammals, whereas 16- and 22-year old revegetated habitats were dominated by rainforest species, with some individuals being frequently recaptured. Conclusions As revegetated habitats aged, the small-mammal community composition transitioned from a grassland-like composition to a community dominated by rainforest species. Implications Although rainforest small mammals were very occasionally captured within the 6- and 7-year old habitats, revegetated plantings were not dominated by rainforest species until the habitat was 16 years old. This highlights the importance of commencing revegetation as early as possible to minimise future population declines and maximise the conservation of rainforest mammals.
12
Laurance, William F., and Graham N. Harrington. "Ecological Associations of Feeding Sites of Feral Pigs in the Queensland Wet Tropics." Wildlife Research 24, no. 5 (1997): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Data from 152 plots (0·8 ha) and 659 small quadrats (0·04 ha) were used to assess rooting activity by feral pigs in forest communities in north Queensland. Study sites spanned the rainforest–sclerophyll-forest gradient along the western margin of the wet tropics region. Detailed floristic, physiognomic and edaphic data were recorded for each plot and used to develop a predictive model of pig activity in these habitats. The most striking result was that rooting activity varied markedly among different forest types. Wet sclerophyll forests consistently had the greatest area disturbed, followed by mesic and dry sclerophyll forests. Both rainforest and rainforest-invaded sclerophyll forests had relatively low activity levels. There were some differences in rooting activity among different geographic regions, but few effects of local topography, soil type or proximity to water. A mathematical model was developed to predict the ecological associations of pig rooting activity, using generalised linear modeling. Pig rooting was associated with certain attributes of wet sclerophyll forests and with slopes and ridge tops, but the model had limited effectiveness, with fitted values explaining 16% of the actual variation in rooting activity. This may have resulted because microhabitat preferences of pigs varied among different forest types and seasons. We suggest that pigs could be consuming fungal fruit-bodies in sclerophyll forests, and if so they may compete for food with some native, mycophagous mammals.
13
J. Richards, Stephen, Keith R. McDonald, and Ross A. Alford. "Declines in populations of Australia's endemic tropical rainforest frogs." Pacific Conservation Biology 1, no. 1 (1994): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc930066.
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Comparisons of present and past occurrences suggest that populations of six frog species endemic to the tropical rainforests of northern Queensland have declined during the past ten years. Most declines have occurred at high altitudes in the southern portions of the tropical rainforest. An extensive survey conducted during the summer of 1991-1992 did not locate any individuals of two upland species, Litoria nyakalensis and Taudactylus rheophilus. Another upland species, T. acutirostris, which formerly was widely distributed, appears to have declined in rainforests south of the Daintree River. Three species (Litoria nannotis, L. rheocola and Nyctimystes dayi) were absent from most upland sites south of the Daintree River, but were common at lowland sites and at all sites north of the Daintree River. Aspects of water chemistry, including inorganic ions, heavy metals, and pesticide residues, were analysed for many sites. These analyses failed to identify any abnormalities that might have contributed to frog declines. Declines appear to be unrelated to the history of forestry or mining at sites, or to low rainfall in wet seasons. Levels of habitat disturbance by feral pigs appear to have increased at some sites in recent years and, either by this disturbance or through direct predation, feral pigs may have contributed to declines in some populations. However, pigs are unlikely to be the sole cause of frog population declines. Once declines have occurred, fragmentation of rainforest habitats may prevent recolonization from adjacent sites. Until causal agents associated with declines can be identified, management strategies to ensure the long-term survival of these species must involve protection of the riparian habitats in which they occur.
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Tucker, Nigel I. J., and Tania Simmons. "Restoring a rainforest habitat linkage in north Queensland: Donaghy’s Corridor." Ecological Management & Restoration 10, no. 2 (August 2009): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-8903.2009.00471.x.
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Law, BS. "Roosting and foraging ecology of the Queensland blossom bat (Syconycteris australis) in north-eastern New South Wales: flexibility in response to seasonal variation." Wildlife Research 20, no. 4 (1993): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9930419.
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Radiotelemetry was used to track blossom bats (Syconycteris australis) at Iluka and Harrington in northern New South Wales. A total of 31 bats was tracked to 110 roosts. Bats foraged on nectar and pollen in Banksia integrtfolia heathland, but roosted 50-4000m away in littoral rainforest. Bats showed a strong fidelity to their feeding area (about 13ha), returning to their original capture point each night and spending a large proportion of their foraging time there. After leaving their roost, adults spent, on average, 45% of their time active and remained in heathland throughout the night. All age-sex classes roosted solitarily during the day amongst rainforest foliage, usually in the subcanopy layer. Most roosts were occupied for one day only and adults were more roost-mobile than juveniles. Mean movements between roosts were greater at Harrington (125m), where the rainforest is fragmented, than at Iluka (42m), where rainforest is intact. Bats shifted their roosts seasonally, from the rainforest edge in winter to the rainforest interior in spring/autumn. This behaviour allows for avoidance of cold temperatures inside the forest in winter and of hot temperatures of the forest exterior in spring/autumn. A further possible response to the seasonal climate prevailing at the study area was a reduction in the commuting distance (from roosts to feeding areas) from autumn/spring (1.4km) to winter (0.8km). Such flexible roosting and foraging strategies may be effective in allowing S. australis to exploit subtropical and temperate areas of Australia.
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Churchill, SK. "Distribution, habitat and satus of the Carpentarian rock-rat, Zyzomys palatalis." Wildlife Research 23, no. 1 (1996): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9960077.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A survey was conducted in the Northern Temtory and Queensland to determine the distribution, status and habitat use of the recently described Carpentarian rock-rat, Zyzomys palatalis. The species was previously known from two localities in the Gulf of Carpentaria, and this survey added only one new population to its known range. The species is restricted to monsoon rainforest on scree slopes. In the Gulf region this habitat is very limited and highly fragmented. The only areas where suitable habitat exists are in relatively inaccessible gorges where permanent springs provide enough moisture to maintain the monsoon rainforests. These patches of relict vegetation may be threatened by feral animals and changing fire regimes. Because of the low population size of Z. palatalis and the small size of suitable habitat available, the species is considered to be critically endangered.
17
Crome, Francis H. J., L. A. Moore, and G. C. Richards. "A study of logging damage in upland rainforest in north Queensland." Forest Ecology and Management 49, no. 1-2 (May 1992): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(92)90157-5.
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Rowley, Jodi J. L., and Ross A. Alford. "Movement patterns and habitat use of rainforest stream frogs in northern Queensland, Australia: implications for extinction vulnerability." Wildlife Research 34, no. 5 (2007): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Amphibians are one of the most highly threatened groups of animals, but their effective conservation is hampered by a paucity of basic ecological knowledge, particularly for tropical stream-breeding species, in which declines have been most common and severe. We examined the movement patterns and habitat use of three stream-breeding frog species at five sites in northern Queensland, Australia. Movement and habitat use differed significantly among species. Litoria lesueuri moved more frequently and greater distances than did our other study species, and was often located away from streams, moving between intact rainforest and highly disturbed environments. Litoria genimaculata moved less frequently and shorter distances and was more restricted to stream environments compared with L. lesueuri, but was often located in the canopy. L. genimaculata occasionally moved large distances along and between streams, but was never located outside of intact rainforest. Litoria nannotis moved almost as frequently as the other species, but remained in streams during the day, did not move large distances along or between streams, and was always located within intact rainforest. Because of its sedentary behaviour, narrow habitat tolerance and affinity for stream environments, L. nannotis may be more vulnerable to extinction in human-modified landscapes compared with L. lesueuri and L. genimaculata.
19
Unwin, G. L., and P. E. Kriedemann. "Drought tolerance and rainforest tree growth on a North Queensland rainfall gradient." Forest Ecology and Management 30, no. 1-4 (February 1990): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(90)90130-4.
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20
LAWSON, TINA, DAVID GILLIESON, and MIRIAM GOOSEM. "Assessment of Riparian Rainforest Vegetation Change in Tropical North Queensland for Management and Restoration Purposes." Geographical Research 45, no. 4 (December 2007): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2007.00477.x.
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Laurance, William F. "Responses of Mammals to Rainforest Fragmentation in Tropical Queensland: a Review and Synthesis." Wildlife Research 24, no. 5 (1997): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96039.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research during the past decade in the wet tropics region of Queensland has yielded important insights into the responses of rainforest mammals to habitat fragmentation. These findings are synthesised by assessing key processes in fragmented landscapes, such as nonrandom deforestation patterns, edge effects, dramatic shifts in predator assemblages, and the kinetics of local extinction. Studies aimed at identifying ecological traits that affect the vulnerability of mammal populations in fragmented forests are also reviewed. Collectively, these investigations suggest that the composition and dynamics of fragment biotas are strongly influenced by edge effects and by the matrix of modified habitats surrounding fragments. Some implications of these findings for the management of fragmented landscapes are considered.
22
Laurance, WF, and JD Grant. "Photographic identification of ground-nest predators in Australian tropical rainforest." Wildlife Research 21, no. 2 (1994): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9940241.
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Automatic cameras triggered by infrared beams were used to identify animals visiting artificial groundnests in north Queensland rainforest. In 1992-93 six cameras and nests were established at four sites ranging from 340 to 840m in elevation, and a total of 279 identifiable photographs of nest visitors were recorded. White-tailed rats (Uromys caudimaculatus) comprised 74% of all photographs and were the most frequent visitor at five of six nests. Bush rats (Rattus fuscipes) were second in frequency (17%), with other small mammals (Rattus leucopus, Melomys cervinipes, Perameles nasuta), birds (Ailuroedus melanotis, Pitta versicolor) and reptiles (Varanus varius) each accounting for less than 2% of nest visits. Omnivorous rodents comprised the large majority (96%) of visits and may be significant predators on nests of some ground-nesting birds in Australian tropical rainforest.
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Newell, Graeme R. "Home range and habitat use by Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi) within a rainforest fragment in north Queensland." Wildlife Research 26, no. 2 (1999): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi), one the largest arboreal mammals in Australia, has been poorly studied owing to its limited distributional range and secretive habits within tropical rainforests. This study investigated the way D. lumholtzi used its habitat within a rainforest fragment on the Atherton Tableland, North Queensland. Thirteen animals were fitted with radio-collars to determine their spatial and temporal use of habitat. Female D. lumholtzi used exclusive home ranges averaging 0.7 ha in area (90% harmonic mean), while males occupied larger home ranges of an average of approximately 2 ha, allowing for a density of 1.4–1.5 adult tree-kangaroos per hectare within the study area. The exception to this home- range size was one juvenile male presumably undergoing post-natal dispersal that used several forest fragments and other habitats, with a home range of 332 ha. Home ranges of males overlapped in part the ranges of several females. Home ranges of males tended to abut those of other males, and antagonistic encounters occurred at the boundaries of the home ranges. Males had a significantly larger body size than females (males 8.63 kg; females 7.05 kg). Social interactions between individuals, apart from antagonistic male–male encounters, were observed infrequently. Only 6% and 2.7% of fixes for females and males, respectively, included the presence of another animal in the same or adjacent tree at the time of location. Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroos were associated with a wide range of rainforest trees and a smaller number of vine species. However, in general, individual animals regularly associated with only a small suite (mean 3.5 species with >10% usage) of tree species present within their home range, and appeared to display individual preferences for certain species. Individual radio-tracked D. lumholtzi were visible only 9.4% of the time at night, and 20% of the time during the day. Males and females were as visible as each other, and both were seen significantly lower in the canopy and into the mid-storey during the night than during the day.
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Rasiah, V., and J. D. Armour. "Nitrate accumulation under cropping in the Ferrosols of Far North Queensland wet tropics." Soil Research 39, no. 2 (2001): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99133.
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Recent research on the fate of applied fertiliser N in the Ferrosols of the wet tropics of Far North Queensland (FNQ) has shown that the nitrate leaching below the crop root-zone is a major pathway of N loss from paddocks. Information on the fate of this nitrate is essential to develop best N fertiliser management practices and for the long-term sustainability of land and water resources. Because of the ability of Ferrosols to adsorb anions in the soil matrix, it was speculated that the leached nitrate may be accumulating at depth in the Ferrosol profiles. The objectives of this study were to (i) verify whether the leached nitrate has been accumulating in the Ferrosols under the major cropping systems in the Johnstone River Catchment (JRC) of FNQ, and (ii) provide preliminary estimates for nitrate retention capacity of the Ferrosols. Soil cores to a depth of 10 m were taken from under sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum-S), banana (Musa (AAA group, Cavendish subgroup) cv. Williams), dairy pasture, and rainforest in JRC during August 1995. The cores were segmented at 0.5-m depth increments and soil samples were analysed for nitrate- and ammonium-N, cation- (CEC) and anion- (AEC) exchange capacities, pH, Ca2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , Na + , and Cl – . Nitrate-N concentration under sugarcane was as high as 33 mg/kg, compared with 6.9 mg/kg for banana, 0.3 mg/kg under rainforest, and that under pasture was below detection limit. Nitrate-N load in the top 10 m of the profiles under sugarcane ranged from 345 to 1875 kg nitrate-N/ha compared with 145 kg/ ha for banana, and 21 kg/ha under rainforest. Most of the nitrate accumulation was found between 2 and 8 m, i.e. well below the crop root-zone. From 7% to 70% of the nitrate that leached below crop root-zone was retained at depths >1 m. In general, Cl – and total cation (TC = sum of Ca2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , and Na + ) concentrations in the profiles under cropping were higher than those under rainforest, and the pH under sugarcane was more acidic. Simple correlation analysis indicated associations existed between the accumulated nitrate and Cl – , pH, AEC, or TC. The estimated nitrate holding capacity of the Ferrosols ranged from 17 to 32 t N/ha. The results show that large quantities of the nitrate that leached below crop root-zone have accumulated at depth under long-term sugarcane and banana cropping in the Ferrosols of FNQ.
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Smith, N. J. C., D. M. Zahid, N. Ashwath, and D. J. Midmore. "Seed ecology and successional status of 27 tropical rainforest cabinet timber species from Queensland." Forest Ecology and Management 256, no. 5 (August 2008): 1031–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.005.
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Mitchell, J., W. Dorney, R. Mayer, and J. McIlroy. "Migration of feral pigs (Sus scrofa) in rainforests of north Queensland: fact or fiction?" Wildlife Research 36, no. 2 (2009): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06066.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Wet Tropics bioregion of north Queensland has been identified as an area of global significance. The world-heritage-listed rainforests have been invaded by feral pigs (Sus scrofa) that are perceived to cause substantial environmental damage. A community perception exists of an annual altitudinal migration of the feral-pig population. The present study describes the movements of 29 feral pigs in relation to altitudinal migration (highland, transitional and lowland areas). Feral pigs were sedentary and stayed within their home range throughout a 4-year study period. No altitudinal migration was detected; pigs moved no more than a mean distance of 1.0 km from the centre of their calculated home ranges. There was no significant difference between the mean (±95% confidence interval) aggregate home ranges for males (8.7 ± 4.3 km2, n = 15) and females (7.2 ± 1.8 km2, n = 14). No difference in home range was detected among the three altitudinal areas: 7.2 ± 2.4 km2 for highland, 6.2 ± 3.9 km2 for transitional and 9.9 ± 5.3 km2 for lowland areas. The aggregate mean home range for all pigs in the present study was 8.0 ± 2.4 km2. The study also assessed the influence seasons had on the home range of eight feral pigs on the rainforest boundary; home ranges did not significantly vary in size between the tropical wet and dry seasons, although the mean home range in the dry season (7.7 ± 6.9 km2) was more than twice the home range in the wet season (2.9 ± 0.8 km2). Heavier pigs tended to have larger home ranges. The results of the present study suggest that feral pigs are sedentary throughout the year so broad-scale control techniques need to be applied over sufficient areas to encompass individual home ranges. Control strategies need a coordinated approach if a long-term reduction in the pig population is to be achieved.
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Laidlaw, M. J., W. J. F. McDonald, R. John Hunter, D. A. Putland, and R. L. Kitching. "The potential impacts of climate change on Australian subtropical rainforest." Australian Journal of Botany 59, no. 5 (2011): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt10319.
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The potential for anthropogenic climate change to impact upon native vegetation has emphasised the need for monitoring and for dynamic management regimes. Potential impacts are numerous, but will likely include the upslope movement of species’ ranges and increasing in situ turnover (compositional change) within plant assemblages. By assessing the potential impacts of climate change on subtropical rainforest communities in south-east Queensland through the establishment of an altitudinal transect, we aimed to establish the baseline composition of the vegetation and to develop two hypotheses against which climate change scenarios can be tested. The study identified existing high levels of turnover across tree assemblages from low to mid elevations absent at higher elevations and we predict: (1) subtropical rainforest communities which currently sit at the level of the cloud base (800–900 m) will experience increasing floristic turnover, and (2) novel vegetation communities will emerge as species move upslope in response to a changing climate. Monitoring floristic turnover as a surrogate for shifting climatic habitats may be confounded both by a lack of knowledge regarding the underlying turnover rates of rainforest communities and by the disparity in temporal scales of tree community turnover and accelerating anthropogenic climate change. The identification of ‘break points’ in the relationship between current vegetation communities and gradients of precipitation and temperature will allow better direction of monitoring efforts.
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Leung, Luke K. P. "Ecology of Australian tropical rainforest mammals. II. The Cape York melomys, Melomys capensis (Muridae : Rodentia)." Wildlife Research 26, no. 3 (1999): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96043.
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This is the first detailed ecological study of the Cape York melomys, Melomys capensis, a small rodent endemic to the Cape York Peninsula, North Queensland, Australia. A total of 343 animals was captured 781 times in rainforest at Iron Range during a capture–mark–recapture study from 1989 to 1991. Compared with other species of Melomys in more variable habitats, populations of M. capensis were relatively stable: adjusted mean number on the traplines exhibited a maximum 1.3–2.0-fold difference. The stable demography may be related to the apparently more constant food supply in tropical rainforest. Both population abundance and male reproductive condition peaked in December when the availability of fruit was high, indicating that populations are limited by food supply. M. capensis was herbivorous, nocturnal, semi-arboreal, and it nested in hollows. Breeding occurred throughout the study. Most litters comprised two young. Young became trappable at about 14 days of age, and reached reproductive maturity at about 43 days of age. Females gave birth to the first litter when they were at least 80 days old and continued to breed into their second year.
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Leung, Luke K. P., and Luke K. P. Leung. "Ecology of Australian tropical rainforest mammals. III. The Cape York rat, Rattus leucopus (Muridae : Rodentia)." Wildlife Research 26, no. 3 (1999): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96044.
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This is the first detailed ecological study of the Cape York rat, Rattus leucopus, a small rodent found on the Cape York Peninsula, North Queensland, Australia. A total of 296 animals was captured 1135 times in rainforest at Iron Range during a capture–mark–recapture study from 1989 to 1991. Compared with other native species of Rattus in more variable habitats, populations of R. leucopus were relatively stable: adjusted mean numbers on the traplines exhibited a 2.3–2.6-fold change. This stability may be related to the apparently more stable food supply in tropical rainforest. Evidence from this study indicates that populations are limited by food availability: male reproductive condition peaked in December when fruit availability was high; and mean population abundance significantly increased in moist areas where food supply was apparently higher. R. leucopus was nocturnal, terrestrial, omnivorous, and nested communally in burrows. Breeding occurred throughout the study. Young became trappable at the age of 22 days. Reproductive maturity was reached at the age of three months. Females gave birth to their first litters when they were at least four months old, and continued to breed into their second or third year.
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Schulz, Martin, and David Hannah. "Relative abundance, diet and roost selection of the tube-nosed insect bat, Murina florium, on the Atherton Tablelands, Australia." Wildlife Research 25, no. 3 (1998): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96100.
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The relative abundance, diet and roost selection of the tube-nosed insect bat, Murina florium (Vespertilionidae), was investigated at Mt Baldy and Ravenshoe State Forests in north-eastern Queensland. In all, 34 M. florium were captured in 263 trap-nights; this was in the middle range of microchiropteran bat species captured. Faecal analysis indicated that the major prey items of M. floriumwere Coleoptera and Araneida. The presence of the latter prey item in faecal pellets suggests that the species is a partial gleaner. Low levels of predominantly myrtaceous pollen collected from head and throat fur indicated only incidental exposure. M. florium used a variety of external roosts in rainforest, with the only communal roost being located in a fallen Archontophoenix leaf suspended from a liana. Other roosts occupied by single M. florium were nests (n = 7) of yellow-throated scrubwrens, Sericornis citreogularis, and fernwrens, Oreoscopus gutturalis, and vertically suspended dead leaf clusters (n = 3). All roosts were located in the rainforest understorey at a mean height of 4.2 m, positioned from close to watercourses up to ridgelines. Bird nests utilised had been modified; the possibility of tent-making behaviour in this species is discussed.
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Bradford, M. G., and G. N. Harrington. "Aerial and ground survey of sap trees of the yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis reginae) near Atherton, North Queensland." Wildlife Research 26, no. 6 (1999): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98073.
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Sap-feed trees of the yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis reginae) were located in a 1600-ha site in north Queensland by aerial survey and ground survey. The ground survey located 77 active sap-feed trees, of which only seven were seen from the air.Thus we conclude that aerial survey is not a reliable means of censusing yellow-bellied glider populations. Sap-feeding scars made by gliders were found only on Eucalyptus resinifera even though four other species of Eucalyptus, which are used for sap-feeding in New South Wales, were also present in the area.In addition to the active feed trees, we found 156 trees with old sap-feeding scars, giving a total of 233 scarred trees in all.All but two of these were located within 500 m of mature E. grandis trees, which are believed to be the prime source of glider dens.Of the E. resinifera trees with diameter at breast height greater than 40 cm in the study area 1.06% were scarred and 0.35% were in active use by the gliders.The sap-feed trees had significantly fewer other trees in their immediate vicinity than the mean for all E. resinifera trees in the study area.The early stages of rainforest invasion investigated here did not indicate a reduction in use for sap-feeding by gliders.However, in the long-term E. resinifera is unable to thrive or reproduce within a rainforest, suggesting that the gliders’ habitat will be reduced as the E. resinifera trees die out.
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Heinsohn, George, and Robert Heinsohn. "Long-term dynamics of a rodent community in an Australian tropical rainforest." Wildlife Research 26, no. 2 (1999): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98020.
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We report on a long-term population study (started in 1969) of three sympatric rodent species in a tropical Queensland (Australia) rainforest. Populations were censused annually using live-trapping and individual marking on two grids in different habitat types. Two of the species, Melomys cervinipes and Uromys caudimaculatus, are ‘old endemics’ and have slower life-histories than the third species, Rattus fuscipes, which invaded Australia more recently. The numbers of all three species fluctuated markedly over the study period. Rattus numbers started low, peaked in the early 1980s, and then crashed to zero by 1993. In contrast, Melomys climbed gradually throughout the study period but crashed to zero by 1996. Melomys numbers increased in drier years whereas Uromys numbers decreased, but these results were confounded by autocorrelation over time. When the effects of time (year of study) were removed statistically, the correlations with rainfall disappeared, but the number of Rattus remained negatively correlated with the number of Melomys on one grid. We discuss the possibility that numbers of these two species are determined by a combination of climate and interspecific competition.
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Goosem, M. "Effects of tropical rainforest roads on small mammals: fragmentation, edge effects and traffic disturbance." Wildlife Research 29, no. 3 (2002): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01058.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In north-eastern Queensland, impacts on small mammals of traffic disturbance were compared with those caused by physical presence of rainforest roads by trapping in the rainforest interior and adjacent to narrow, unsealed roads with traffic volumes of 264 ± 71 or 4.2 ± 1 vehicles per day. Of the three small mammal species that were most commonly trapped, the proportion and abundance of native Rattus sp. increased at higher-traffic and decreased at lower-traffic sites; the abundance of Melomys cervinipes was relatively constant at both traffic treatments and in the forest interior, and Uromys caudimaculatus decreased at higher-traffic treatments. Road crossings by the smaller rodents, Rattus sp. and M. cervinipes, were primarily influenced by the presence of the road, rather than increased levels of traffic, as crossings were significantly inhibited at both traffic treatments compared with the forest-interior control and there was no difference between traffic levels. Crossings by the larger, more mobile U. caudimaculatus were unaffected by road presence or traffic level. Therefore, increased traffic volume did not appear to affect small mammal movements or community structure. However, since higher traffic levels were not constant throughout the peak periods for activity of these nocturnal species, further investigations are required to determine whether constant nocturnal traffic disturbance may further restrict road crossings by small mammals and alter community structure adjacent to roads.
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Kehl, John, Brett Waring, Robyn Smith, and David Nalder. "Multiple Use Management Planning in Queensland, Australia: the Koombooloomba Ecotourism Project (a case study)." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 152, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2001.0123.
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Queensland, Australia's second largest state, has 4 million hectares of publicly owned state forest, managed for multiple use. The government and the community expect state forest management to protect biodiversity, landscapes, cultural heritage values and water quality. State forests are also available for a wide range of commercial and non-commercial uses including timber harvesting, honey production, eco-tourism,grazing, mining, quarrying, education, scientific research, military training and recreation. A proportion of this estate is located throughout Queensland's coastal zone, in close proximity to the major population centres. In the coastal mountains in particular, the juxtaposition of high conservation values, commercial timber, recreation and eco-tourism demands precipitates conflict over forest use and presents a challenge for multiple use planning systems. Beginning in 1986, state forest planning utilised a system called Management Priority Area Zoning (MPAZ). This was a manual system which partitioned forestry land into primary priority use zones with a variety of secondary uses permitted. Decisions were made by professional foresters without public input. Although many of the concepts in MPAZ are still valid,such an autocratic approach is no longer acceptable. In 1998, development began on a new forest planning system known as MUMPS (Multiple Use Management Planning System). It is broadly based on MPAZ, but incorporates GIS and decision-support technology coupled with the capacity for structured community participation. MUMPS is designed to operate on a scale of 50 000 to 100 000 ha, with the planning area subdivided into 100 to 150 planning units. At its analytical core, MUMPS is a phased process for forming a steering committee: collation of site-specific data, assessment and evaluation of a number of forest uses, procedures for gauging and incorporating community and stakeholder values and a process for examining management and compatibility as well as the preparation of a draft and final plan. To ensure its effectiveness, MUMPS is being developed in an iterative manner with field trials based on MUMPS modules and concepts, while the whole system is being integrated and refined. The Koombooloomba Ecotourism Project is one of these MUMPS trials. The site of the trial is a tropical, mountainous region in northern Queensland, partly in the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area. It includes an hydro-electric dam within publicly owned native forest and encompasses a number of key values including the world heritage rainforest, conservation,hydro-power generation, indigenous culture, timber,eco-tourism and recreation. In this case, MUMPS took over a stalled, unstructured planning process. The MUMPS process reinvigorated the earlier planning project, broadened the assessed values and resulted in a management plan. The case study demonstrates how forest managers, the community (including traditional Aboriginal land-owners),commercial tourism, recreationists and the hydro-electricity industry can cooperate in the sustainable management of a listed World Heritage mountain forest area. Issues associated with the methodology, community involvement and management implications are discussed and analysed.
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Burnett, SE. "Effects of a Rainforest Road on Movements of Small Mammals: Mechanisms and Implications." Wildlife Research 19, no. 1 (1992): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9920095.
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Live-trapping was used to study the effects of a road on the movements of 4 species of terrestrial and scansorial mammals at 4 sites in upland vine-forest at Mt. Spec, N. Queensland, in February, March, May, June and August 1989. The road consisted of a 4-m wide bitumen strip at all sites; it was flanked by 1-m wide shoulders on each side at 2 sites and 4-m wide shoulders on each side at the other 2 sites. When baited traps were set on both sides of the road during grid-trapping, the road crossing rate of Uromys caudimaculatus (20% of recorded movements) was significantly greater than that of Rattus fuscipes and Antechinus flavipes (1.8% and 5.2% of movements, respectively). Melomys cervinipes was not recorded crossing the road under these conditions. R. fuscipes, M. cervinipes and A. flavipes were induced to cross the road more often when baited traps were placed on only one side of the road. The crossing rate of R. fuscipes was increased by translocating individuals across the road. The inhibition of movement caused by roads was attributed to psychological and/or sociological characteristics of the species and/or the individual rather than to the effect of a physical barrier. The results also indicate that the threat of genetic isolation of populations of these species dissected by roads less than 12 m wide is slight. However, less mobile species or wider roads may result in genetic isolation. Measures are suggested to alleviate the barrier effects of roads.
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Johnson, C. N., and A. P. McIlwee. "Ecology of the Northern Bettong, Bettongia tropica, a Tropical Mycophagist." Wildlife Research 24, no. 5 (1997): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96034.
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The diet and seasonal ecology of the northern bettong, Bettongia tropica, was studied at three sites along a moisture gradient from closed Allocasuarina-Eucalyptus forest to dry open woodland in north-eastern Queensland. At each site, fungi (sporocarps of hypogeous ectomycorrhizal species) were the major food, and most of the remainder of the diet consisted of grass leaf and stem, roots and tubers, and lilies. Forbs and invertebrates were also eaten, but in small quantities. Fungus consumption was greatest at the wettest forest type and least at the driest site. Seasonal variation was insignificant except at the driest site, where fungus consumption peaked in the late wet season and dropped during the dry season; this seasonal fall in fungus consumption was associated with an increase in consumption of grass and roots and tubers. There was little seasonal variation in body condition, except at the driest site, where the dry-season decline in the proportional representation of fungus in the diet was associated with a decline in body condition. Breeding was continuous and aseasonal. B. tropica is found only in a narrow zone of sclerophyll forest along the western edge of wet tropical rainforest in north-eastern Queensland. We suggest that this species (like bettongs and potoroos in southern Australia) depends on hypogeous fungi, and that expansion of its geographical range into drier forest types is prevented by shortages of fungus during the dry season.
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Parris, Kirsten M. "The distribution and habitat requirements of the great barred frog (Mixophyes fasciolatus)." Wildlife Research 29, no. 5 (2002): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01107.
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The great barred frog (Mixophyes fasciolatus) is a common, ground-dwelling frog from the forests of eastern Australia, with a wide geographic distribution extending from mid-east Queensland to southern New South Wales. This paper presents a quantitative assessment of the distribution and habitat requirements of M. fasciolatus, using data collected during a stratified survey across its geographic and environmental range. I found M. fasciolatus at 55 of 124 sites, and in all areas of forest surveyed except for Girraween National Park in Queensland and the southern highlands of New South Wales. I detected 42 other species of frogs during the survey, including the introduced cane toad (Bufo marinus). Statistical habitat modelling indicated that in forests within its climatic range, M. fasciolatus was most likely to occur in wetter forests (wet sclerophyll forest and rainforest), in areas with lower precipitation and intermediate temperatures in the warmest (summer) quarter of the year. When present at a site, the number of individuals of M. fasciolatus detected during a survey (a measure of relative abundance) was predicted to decrease with increasing summer precipitation. This frog survey represents one of the largest ever undertaken in Australia, with a study area of 125�000 km2, and 124 survey sites in 21 State Forests and nine National Parks. Field data collected during the study and the resulting habitat models provide a baseline against which future changes in the distribution or abundance of M. fasciolatus may be assessed.
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Jackson, Stephen M. "Habitat relationships of the mahogany glider, Petaurus gracilis, and the sugar glider, Petaurus breviceps." Wildlife Research 27, no. 1 (2000): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98045.
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Trapping data of the mahogany glider, Petaurus gracilis, and the sugar glider, Petaurus breviceps, in sympatry, in north Queensland, were analysed with vegetation variables to determine the habitat relationships of these two species. The study area contained a trapping grid (80 traps) within an area of continuous forest and trapping transects within an adjacent area of fragmented forest (44 traps). The mahogany glider was trapped more often at 43 of the 124 locations (38 in the continuous and 5 in the fragmented forest), with the sugar glider dominant at 46 locations (18 in the continuous forest and 28 in the fragmented forest). The remaining 27 trap locations where gliders were caught did not favour either species. Eight trap locations within riparian rainforest had no captures of either species. The presence of mahogany gliders was significantly correlated with the presence of Corymbia clarksoniana, Eucalyptus platyphylla, the absence of Corymbia intermedia and Acacia mangium, and a small mid and upper canopy cover. In contrast, the presence of sugar gliders was most correlated with a large number of stems. When the presence of the mahogany glider was compared with that of the sugar glider with respect to various habitat variables for the entire study area, the mahogany glider was most associated with the presence of C. clarksoniana, Eucalyptus pellita, Lophostemon suaveolens, Melaleuca dealbata and a reduced lower and upper canopy. In contrast, the sugar glider was most associated with C. intermedia, A. mangium, a large number of potential food species, rainforest species and a dense mid and upper canopy cover.
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Borsboom, Adrian C., Patrick J. Couper, Andrew Amey, and Conrad J. Hoskin. "Distribution and population genetic structure of the critically endangered skink Nangura spinosa, and the implications for management." Australian Journal of Zoology 58, no. 6 (2010): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo10070.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many threatened species occur as small, isolated populations. Understanding the extent and genetic distinctiveness of these populations is essential for management. Nangura spinosa is a critically endangered skink known from two small populations in dry rainforest in south-east Queensland. We conducted targeted surveys between 2001 and 2010 at the two known N. spinosa sites (Nangur National Park, Oakview National Park area) and in 22 nearby forest blocks with potentially suitable habitat. N. spinosa was found only at the two previously known sites, which are ~36 km apart. The skink appears to be declining at Nangur NP, to an estimated extent of occurrence of 7.4 ha and potentially no more than 35 adults. In contrast, we increase the extent of occurrence at Oakview to 360 ha, where the population is at least in the hundreds. Sequencing of two mtDNA genes revealed considerable genetic divergence between the two populations (3.8% for ND4; 1.2% for 16S), suggesting an extended period of separation. Population fragmentation is therefore not the result of recent land clearing, but of long-term isolation by unsuitable habitat. Each population should be considered a distinct management unit. More data are required on population size and trends, recruitment and threats, particularly for the Nangur population.
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Byrnes, Peter, Miriam Goosem, and Stephen M. Turton. "Are less vocal rainforest mammals susceptible to impacts from traffic noise?" Wildlife Research 39, no. 4 (2012): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11010.
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Context Traffic noise is believed to cause road avoidance and other barrier effects in a variety of wildlife species, and to force changes to call pitch or loudness in others; however, this has never been tested in the absence of other road impacts. Noise impacts on species that do not frequently vocalise are also poorly understood. We investigated traffic-noise impacts on the following three rainforest mammals that do not often vocalise: Hypsiprymnodon moschatus, Uromys caudimaculatus and Perameles nasuta. These species have previously been observed to exhibit varying levels of road avoidance. Aims To determine whether traffic noise affects movement and behaviour of medium-sized, ground-dwelling rainforest mammals in the absence of other road-associated variables and potential impacts. We hypothesised that noise impacts would be greatest for species previously shown to avoid roads. Noise impacts on these less vocal species compared with more vocal species is also discussed. Methods In north-eastern Queensland, Australia, mammals captured at least 500 m from any road were tracked after fitting with spool-and-line equipment. On noisy nights, traffic noise at levels similar to a busy highway was played continuously throughout the night from a line of 12 speakers mounted on trees. Speakers were silent on quiet nights. Key results Traffic noise caused no increase in avoidance of the speaker line and was not a barrier to movements across the line. Overall, movement paths on noisy nights appeared similar in pattern (tortuosity) to those of quiet nights. At a finer scale, movements of H. moschatus and P. nasuta became more tortuous later in the track, suggesting a return to normal foraging behaviour and possible habituation to the noise. Conclusions These three species with varying levels of previously recorded road avoidance, did not respond negatively to traffic noise. There was, however, a suggestion of habituation by H. moschatus and P. nasuta in response to the noise. Implications The demonstrated lack of response to traffic noise in these less vocal species means that traffic noise is unlikely to cause road avoidance or barrier effects. Instead, lack of response and possible habituation to traffic noise may increase vulnerability to road mortality.
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Vernes, K., H. Marsh, and J. Winter. "Home-range characteristics and movement patterns of the red-legged pademelon (Thylogale stigmatica) in a fragmented tropical rainforest." Wildlife Research 22, no. 6 (1995): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9950699.
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Home-range characteristics and movement patterns of five male and eight female red-legged pademelons (Thylogale stigmatica) were studied in north-eastem Queensland between September 1991 and June 1992 using radio-telemetry. In relation to mean body weight, the home range of T. stigmatica was small (mean = 2.26 ha, n = 9), individually variable (range 0.82-3.70 ha) and partitioned into spatially distinct diurnal and nocturnal components. The nocturnal range (mean = 1.00 ha,n = 6) incorporated forest edge and pasture habitat, and was somewhat smaller than the diurnal range (mean = 1.67 ha, n = l0), which was located entirely within the forest. Home-range shape was governed largely by the distance between the diurnal and nocturnal ranges, which in turn was related to physical features within the habitat. Pademelons moved slowly within and quickly between their diurnal and nocturnal ranges. Movement between these areas occurred just after dusk and just prior to dawn. The diurnal rate of movement (m min-1) was generally higher than the nocturnal rate, suggesting that pademelons moved extensively in the forest during the day, and were relatively sedentary whilst on pasture at night.
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Freeman, Amanda N. D. "Constraints to community groups monitoring plants and animals in rainforest revegetation sites on the Atherton Tablelands of far north Queensland." Ecological Management and Restoration 5, no. 3 (December 2004): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-8903.2004.00210.x.
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Florentine, Singarayer K. "Species persistence and natural recruitment after 14 years in a restoration planting on ex-rainforest land in north-east Queensland." Ecological Management & Restoration 9, no. 3 (December 2008): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-8903.2008.00421.x.
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Osunkoya, Olusegun O., Karina Pyle, Tanya Scharaschkin, and Kunjithapatham Dhileepan. "What lies beneath? The pattern and abundance of the subterranean tuber bank of the invasive liana cat's claw creeper, Macfadyena unguis-cati (Bignoniaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 57, no. 2 (2009): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt09033.
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Cat’s claw creeper, Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) Gentry (Bignoniaceae) is a major environmental weed of riparian areas, rainforest communities and remnant natural vegetation in coastal Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. In densely infested areas, it smothers standing vegetation, including large trees, and causes canopy collapse. Quantitative data on the ecology of this invasive vine are generally lacking. The present study examines the underground tuber traits of M. unguis-cati and explores their links with aboveground parameters at five infested sites spanning both riparian and inland vegetation. Tubers were abundant in terms of density (~1000 per m2), although small in size and low in level of interconnectivity. M. unguis-cati also exhibits multiple stems per plant. Of all traits screened, the link between stand (stem density) and tuber density was the most significant and yielded a promising bivariate relationship for the purposes of estimation, prediction and management of what lies beneath the soil surface of a given M. unguis-cati infestation site. The study also suggests that new recruitment is primarily from seeds, not from vegetative propagation as previously thought. The results highlight the need for future biological-control efforts to focus on introducing specialist seed- and pod-feeding insects to reduce seed-output.
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Pavey, Chris R., and Chris J. Burwell. "Foraging ecology of the horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus megaphyllus (Rhinolophidae), in eastern Australia." Wildlife Research 31, no. 4 (2004): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03106.
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The foraging ecology of the eastern horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus megaphyllus, was examined at five sites spread along 2100 km of its Australian distribution in coastal Queensland. Foraging strategy and prey-capture behaviour of light-tagged bats were similar across sites. Bats were observed foraging during continuous flight at all sites, whereas perch hunting was observed (rarely) at only one site. Bats captured insects by aerial hawking, with a single record of gleaning. In rainforest bats spent most time close to vegetation whereas openings were favoured in open forest/woodland. Only flying insects were captured and, although a wide range of taxa was taken, Lepidoptera (all sites) and Coleoptera (all sites except one) were the primary prey. Occurrence in faeces of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and other taxa combined, varied across sites and across seasons, but there was no three-way interaction between taxon, site and season. Comparison of insect taxa in faeces with those captured in a light-trap set at foraging grounds indicated that insects were selectively captured by R. megaphyllus. The foraging ecology of R. megaphyllus is similar to that of other horseshoe bats in its relative stability across a large geographic range. Although the species is currently not of conservation concern in Australia, aspects of its foraging ecology suggest that it may become regionally threatened in areas with high levels of vegetation clearance.
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Quang, Phan Minh, Jack Baynes, and John Herbohn. "The effect of overwood competition on the long-term survival, growth and stocking of underplanted tree species in logged tropical rainforest in north Queensland, Australia." Forest Ecology and Management 472 (September 2020): 118241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118241.
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Vanclay, J. K. "A growth model for north Queensland rainforests." Forest Ecology and Management 27, no. 3-4 (June 1989): 245–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(89)90110-2.
Повний текст джерела
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Green, RJ. "Avian Seed Dispersal in and Near Subtropical Rainforests." Wildlife Research 20, no. 4 (1993): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9930535.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The behaviour of avian visitors to 23 species of subtropical Australian rain forest plants was observed in the Lamington and Border Ranges National Parks on the Queensland/New South Wales border to determine potentially important seed dispersers, seed predators and fruit thieves.
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Mitchell, J., W. Dorney, R. Mayer, and J. McIlroy. "Ecological impacts of feral pig diggings in north Queensland rainforests." Wildlife Research 34, no. 8 (2007): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06065.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This two-year study examined the impacts of feral pig diggings on five ecological indicators: seedling survival, surface litter, subsurface plant biomass, earthworm biomass and soil moisture content. Twelve recovery exclosures were established in two habitats (characterised by wet and dry soil moisture) by fencing off areas of previous pig diggings. A total of 0.59 ha was excluded from further pig diggings and compared with 1.18 ha of unfenced control areas. Overall, seedling numbers increased 7% within the protected exclosures and decreased 37% within the unprotected controls over the two-year study period. A significant temporal interaction was found in the dry habitat, with seedling survival increasing with increasing time of protection from diggings. Feral pig diggings had no significant effect on surface litter biomass, subsurface plant biomass, earthworm biomass or soil moisture content.
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Innis, GJ. "Feeding Ecology of Fruit Pigeons in Subtropical Rainforests of South-Eastern Queensland." Wildlife Research 16, no. 4 (1989): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9890365.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In a 5-yr (1979-84) study of 6 species of fruit pigeon in lowland (dry) and upland (wet) subtropical rain forests in the Jimna and Conondale Ranges, the effects of forest phenology on pigeon abundance were investigated. The pigeons utilized 89 species of plants from 39 families of trees, palms and vines. The seasonal availability of fruit was similar in each forest type: most plant species bore crops during the wet season (Dec.-Mar.) and held crops into the early dry season (April-May); the late dry season (June-Oct.) was a time of general fruit shortage. More than 60% of the species of food plants present in upland forest were rare or absent in lowland forest. In general, each species of pigeon utilized a distinct suite of plant species in each forest type. Certain species of fig (Ficus spp.) fruited asynchronously and were the most important food for sedentary wompoo fruit-doves (Ptilinopus magnificus magnificus) in both forest types. These and other species of fig were the most important food for topknot pigeons (Lopholaimus antarcticus) and rose-crowned fruit-doves (P. regina regina) in lowland forest. An influx of flocks of up to 200 topknot pigeons into upland forest occurred each year in response to the fruiting of Archontophoenix cunninghamiana. The foraging habits of rose-crowned fruit-doves were largely opportunistic in upland forest, utilizing whatever fruit was available at particular times. White-headed pigeons (Columba leucomela) foraged solely in Olea paniculata during irregular visits to lowland forest. A regular summer influx into upland forest occurred in response to the fruiting of a vine, Piper novae-hollandiae. In each forest type, brown cuckoo-doves (Macropygia amboinensis) had a distinct foraging preference for plant species characteristic of disturbed forests; important plant families were the Solanaceae, Ulmaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Araliaceae. Superb fruit-doves (P. superbus) were seldom found in either forest type.