Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Radioflux"

Numbers of first admissions per month for a single psychiatric unit, from 1977 to 1987, were examined for 1829 psychiatric inpatients to assess whether this measure was correlated with 10 parameters of geophysical activity. Four statistically significant values were 0.197 with level of solar radioflux at 2800 MHZ in the corresponding month, −0.274 with sudden magnetic disturbances of the ionosphere, −0.216 with the index of geomagnetic activity, and −0.262 with the number of hours of positive ionization of the ionosphere in the corresponding month. Percentages of variance accounted for were very small.

Abstract. Based on Ly-α-line-of-sight measurements taken with two Ly-α detectors onboard of the satellite TWINS1 (Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers) density profiles of the exospheric, neutral geocoronal hydrogen were derived for the time period between summer solstice and fall equinox 2008. With the help of specifically developed inversion programs from Ly-α line of sight intensities the three-dimensional density structure of the geocoronal hydrogen at geocentric distances r>3 RE could be derived for the period mentioned characterized by very low solar 10.7 cm radiofluxes of ≈65–70 [10−22 W m−2 Hz−1]. The time-variable, solar "line-centered"-Ly-α-flux was extracted on the basis of daily (terrestrial) NGDC 10.7 cm radioflux data using the models from Barth et al. (1990) and Vidal-Madjar (1975). The results for the geocoronal H-densities are compared here both with theoretical calculations based on a Monte-Carlo model by Hodges (1994) and with density profiles obtained with the Geocoronal Imager (GEO) by Østgaard and Mende (2003). In our results we find a remarkably more pronounced day-/night-side asymmetry which clearly hints to the existence of a hydrogen geotail (i.e. a tail structure with comparatively higher hydrogen densities on the night side of the earth for geocenctric distances >4 RE), and a only weakly pronounced polar depletion. These unexpected features we try to explain by new models in the near future. The derived 3-D-H-density structures are able to explain the line-of-sight (LOS) dependent Ly-α intensity variations for all LOS seen up to now with TWINS-LAD. The presented results are valid for the region with geocentric distances 3 RE<r<7 RE and are based on the reasonable assumption of an optically thin H-exosphere with respect to resonant Ly-α-scattering allowing the use of single scattering calculations.

The noninvasive external radioflux detection method (ERD) measures net transvascular flux of tracer protein into and out of the lung extravascular compartment (EV) and time to zero flux between compartments. With this information we can now estimate regional interstitial volume in the field of the external probe (VIs). Dividing the mass of EV tracer by VIs, we obtain interstitial concentration ([Is]). Directly sampling plasma concentration of the tracer, we can construct plasma-interstitium equilibration curves that are analogous to plasma-lymph equilibration curves without invasive surgery. We completed 46 ERD studies in 21 sheep with chronic lung lymph fistulas. Sheep were studied under baseline conditions (n = 30) and after elevating left atrial pressure by mitral obstruction (n = 7), or intravascular volume infusion (n = 8), and increasing lung vascular permeability (n = 1). In each study we compared the slope of the regression through plasma-lymph concentration of tracer protein over time ([P]-[L], measured directly) with that through values of plasma-interstitial concentration ([P]-[Is], assessed noninvasively), an index of vascular permeability. For this correlation, r = 0.94, and the regression line approximates identity. Mean [Is] appears to approximate [L] in sheep.

Endothelin (ET) is a recently characterized vasoconstrictor hormone that has potent effects on glomerular function. Many vasoconstrictors, like ET, that stimulate phospholipase C (PLC) hydrolysis of polyphosphoinositides also stimulate phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) hydrolysis via both PLC and phospholipase D (PLD) pathways. We have previously reported that ET stimulates a protein kinase C (PKC)-regulated, intracellular calcium-insensitive PLD activity that forms phosphatidic acid (PA) in rat mesangial cells (MC). We now ask whether ET-induced diglyceride (DG) production is also, in part, a result of either PLC- or PLD-induced hydrolysis of PtdCho. ET induced both a time- and dose-dependent stimulation in DG as measured by radioflux and mass assays. ET-stimulated DG production was still elevated even at time points where inositol polyphosphates had returned to basal levels. In addition, using [3H]choline-labeled cells, ET stimulated [3H]phosphocholine accumulation, suggesting a PLC-mediated hydrolysis of PtdCho. Stimulation of DG was unaffected by the presence of ethanol or propranolol, suggesting that ET-stimulated DG were not a result of a sequential PLD/PA phosphohydrolase activity. We further dissociated PtdCho-dependent PLC and PLD activities because, in contrast to ET-induced stimulation of PLD, the effect of ET on DG formation was mimicked with ionomycin and was inhibited with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid but not ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid. ET stimulation of DG could not be mimicked by phorbol myristate acetate and was not blocked by PKC inhibition or depletion. Together, these data suggest that ET stimulates multiple signaling pathways in MC that hydrolyze PtdCho via separate PLC and PLD mechanisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

There were 194 patients, aged 8 months-16 years, with congenital talipomanus radioflexa who had 254 deformity of upper extremity. Operative treatment was performed on 232 exptremities. Good results were achieved in 69%), satisfactory in 22%o of cases. In 9%o of patients (21 upper extremities) partial or complete relapses of deformity requiring repeated surgical correction were detected. Failed outcomes were due to inadequate preoperative planning, technical and methodic mistakes. Analysis showed if those errors were avoided, the significant decrease of deformity relapses rate could be achieved.

Light atmospheric gas constituents tend to evaporate from the planetary gravitational fields. The point is that not only the uppermost atmospheric layer contributes to this gas escape, but the lower layers contribute their share as well and give the outcoming particle flow a nonthermal, non-Maxwellian character. In this article we do study the outflow of hydrogen atoms from a planetary oxygen atmosphere assumed to be one-dimensionally stratified by the action of the planet‘s gravitational field. This outflow is modified by local elastic collisions of upwards flying H-atoms with the heavy major atmospheric background constituent, as in case of the terrestrial atmosphere, the monoatomic oxygen atoms. This shock-modulation of the upwards particle flow produces nonthermal kinetic features of the particle distribution which we want to decribe. Since angle-integrated elastic collision cross sections are velocity-dependent, falling off with the velocity v like (1/v), the occuring collision-modulation of the H-atom flow does change the kinetic velocity profile of the escaping H-atoms. Deeply down in the lower atmophere the local H-atoms, like the O-atoms as well, are in thermodynamical equilibrium characterized by Maxwell Boltzmann distributions with a common temperature TH = TO. Nevertheless, at the upper exobase border of the atmosphere the resulting H-atom escape flow is shown to be a nonMaxwellian, non-equilibrium flow with non-thermal escape-relevant properties. We describe this collisional modification of the H-escape flow and can quantify the upcome of kinetic non-equilibrium features like power laws in the H-distribution function. Thus, as we demonstrate in this article, this collisional modulation effect via velocity-dependent collision cross-sections acts as a typical process to convert equilibrium distributions into non-equilibrium distribution functions. On the basis of this new kinetic theoretical approach we then calculate the effective escape flux of H- atoms to open space, demonstrate its nonthermal character, and quantify its difference with respect to the classical Jeans escape value. We find that with the classical Jeans formula one slightly overestimates the actual escape flux by an amount that varies between 30 - 80 percent, depending on the temperature of the lower atmosphere of the planet which varies with the solar 10.7-cm- radioflux

Магістерська дисертація: 185 с., 84 рис., 40 табл., 20 джерел, 2 додатки. Актуальність теми: прогнозування сонячної активності є дуже важливою задачею в сучасному світі, адже космічна погода дуже сильно впливає як на навколоземні супутники та космічні станції, так і на різні процеси на Землі Об'єктом дослідження є процеси сонячної активності, представлені статистичними даними. Предмет дослідження: математичні моделі для формального опису процесів сонячної активності, методи фільтрації, згладжування і прогнозування на основі статистичних даних. Мета дослідження полягає у побудові та аналізі характеристик адаптивного фільтра Калмана і гранулярного фільтра, а також їх використання для прогнозування сонячної активності, у тому числі: виконання теоретичних досліджень та створення програмного продукту, що реалізовує вказані методи. Методи дослідження: оптимальний адаптивний фільтр Калмана, гранулярний фільтр, експоненційне згладжування, згладжування за Калманом; програмна реалізація методів виконана в середовищі Matlab R2017b, Python3 та C#. Отримані результати: розроблено метод для прогнозування сонячної активності на основі адаптивного оптимального та гранулярного фільтрів. Зроблено порівняння отриманих результатів. Наукова новизна: новий метод і моделі для фільтрації та прогнозування нестаціонарних часових рядів на основі оптимального адаптивного фільтра Калмана та гранулярного фільтра.
The theme: Method and models for solar activity forecasting A master dissertation contains 185 pages, 84 drawings, 40 tables, 20 sources, 2 appendixes. Actuality of topic: forecasting of solar activity is a very important issue in a modern world because space weather has a great impact on Earth observation satellites and space stations as well as on different processes on Earth. The research object: processes of solar activity represented by statistical data. The research subject: mathematical models for the formal description of solar activity processes, methods of filtration, smoothing and forecasting on the basis of statistical data. The purpose of the research is to construct and analyze the characteristics of an adaptive Kalman and particle filter, as well as their use for prediction of solar activity, including: performing theoretical studies and creating a software product that implements these methods. Research methods: optimal adaptive Kalman filtering techniques, particle filter, exponential smoothing, Kalman smoothing; the software implementation of the methods mentioned in the environment of Matlab R2017b, Python3 and C#. Results: the method for forecasting of solar activity on the basis of adaptive optimal and particle filters is developed. A comparison of the experimental results was performed. What is new: new method and models for filtering and forecasting nonstationary time series on the basis of optimal adaptive Kalman filter and particle filter.