Статті в журналах з теми "Quds Committee"

Based on British archival documents and Palestinian newspapers from the 1930s, the paper draws some conclusions on the representation of the Beersheba (Bir al-Sabi') Bedouinin both British colonial discourse and in the press and voices of Palestinian nationalism. By reviewing British archival documents, including private diaries of British officers, I argue that the British colonial authorities developed strategies and practices to rule the Beersheba Bedouin as a group separate and disconnected from the rest of the Palestinian communities in Mandate Palestine. This contrasts with the Palestinian newspapers—al-Difa', Falastin, Huna al-Quds, al Carmel—that from the 1930s and 1940s presented the Bedouin as an active agent in the Palestinian body politic, participating in numerous outlets, such as in the Higher Arab Committee, the Higher Islamic Council in Jerusalem and Gaza, as well as in Palestinian conferences.

This Essay considers the 2006 Sri Lankan Supreme Court case, Singarasa v. Attorney General, which declared unconstitutional the state's eight-year-old accession to the Protocol permitting the Human Rights Committee to examine complaints of violation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. It places the decision in the context of the Committee's earlier findings of Covenant violations by Sri Lanka resulting from actions by the Court. This forms the basis of a discussion of problems of identifying questionable judicial conduct and the relevance of the Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct.

Stephen J. once said that the drafting of a statute should aim at a degree of precision which a person reading in bad faith cannot misunderstand; and it is all the better if he cannot pretend to misunderstand it. The decision of the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords in Anderton v. Ryanshows how difficult, if not impossible, it is to achieve these objectives.

The aim of the study was identifying the reality of the electronic journal of the Faculty of Arts at Misurata University, and knowing its compatibility with the standards of a number of databases and directories of international journals. The researcher has applied a descriptive analytical approach to compare and evaluate between what was offered in the electronic journal and the indicators mentioned in the model approved by the University of Al-Quds. According to the results of the study, it was found that, despite the journal has committed to the majority of standard indicators; there is a shortcoming in its website as it needs to be modified in a way that ensures attracting readers. In addition, the receiving date, the date of announcing the publication, and the year of issuance are not documented. Moreover, the researcher's international academic number and the document DOI have not identified in the published articles. It should also be noted that the publication in the journal has ceased since the beginning of the year (2022). A number of recommendations can be suggested which might contribute to the improvement and development of scientific research policies at the Faculty of Arts, Misurata University. First, it is recommended to initiate a scientific research plan. Secondly, it is suggested to develop the faculty members' research skills and competencies locally and internationally by participating in courses designed for this purpose. Thirdly, it is important to provide research scholarships and incentives to the faculty members for publishing their aricles in the journal. Moreover, financial rewards to refereeing committees for reviewing scientific studies can be necessary in order to ensure the continuous issuance of journal. Finally, it is significant to work on classifying and indexing scientific articles in order to make it easier for researchers to access them with less time, effort and cost

IntroductionThe aim of the QUIDS study is to develop a decision support tool for the management of women with symptoms and signs of preterm labour, based on a validated prognostic model using quantitative fetal fibronectin (fFN) concentration, in combination with clinical risk factors.Methods and analysisThe study will evaluate the Rapid fFN 10Q System (Hologic, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA) which quantifies fFN in a vaginal swab. In QUIDS part 2, we will perform a prospective cohort study in at least eight UK consultant-led maternity units, in women with symptoms of preterm labour at 22+0 to 34+6 weeks gestation to externally validate a prognostic model developed in QUIDS part 1. The effects of quantitative fFN on anxiety will be assessed, and acceptability of the test and prognostic model will be evaluated in a subgroup of women and clinicians (n=30). The sample size is 1600 women (with estimated 96–192 events of preterm delivery within 7 days of testing). Clinicians will be informed of the qualitative fFN result (positive/negative) but be blinded to quantitative fFN result. Research midwives will collect outcome data from the maternal and neonatal clinical records. The final validated prognostic model will be presented as a mobile or web-based application.Ethics and disseminationThe study is funded by the National Institute of Healthcare Research Health Technology Assessment (HTA 14/32/01). It has been approved by the West of Scotland Research Ethics Committee (16/WS/0068).VersionProtocol V.2, Date 1 November 2016.Trial registration numberISRCTN41598423 and CPMS: 31277.

Background and Objectives: Occupational stress is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aims to investigate the occupational stress level of nurses and its related factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a systematic review study that was conducted in 2022 by searching for articles in both Persian and English in Web of Science, SID, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochran, MagIran, IranDoc and PubMed databases without time limit. The used keywords were nurse, Iran, COVID-19, occupational stress, and job stress in Persian and English. Initial search yielded 3860 articles. Of these, 15 articles were finally reviewed. Results: In the reviewed studies, nurses’ occupational stress during the COVID-19 pandemic was at a high level. The highest score was related to the “demands” dimension and the lowest score was related to “the changes” dimension of the health and safety executive questionnaire. Demographic, occupational, and mental factors and quitting job had a significant positive relationship with nurses’ occupational stress, while low rest, job-related affective well-being, organizational commitment, productivity, organizational climate, and knowledge had a significant negative relationship with their occupational stress. Conclusion: The occupational stress of nurses is high during the COVID-19 pandemic. Occupational stress is related to demographic, occupational, psychological, and organizational factors. It is recommended to form committees to monitor nurses’ occupational stress in hospitals.

This study aims to find out the effect of using big data analytics on the detection of academic fraud so that it can provide improvements and create significant changes, especially in reducing the level of academic fraud among students. The variables used in this research are big data analytics as the independent variable and academic fraud as the dependent variable. This study uses primary data obtained from ques-tionnaires distributed to Trilogy University students. The sample is 258 students from all study programs at Trilogy University class 2017 - 2020. The data processing and analysis method uses Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of this study indicate that the use of big data analytics has a positive and significant effect on the detection of academic fraud. This shows that universities that use big data analytics are able to detect academic fraud committed by students.

IntroductionToday, patients with inflammatory joint diseases participate in more physical activities, including sports and recreation. The tools currently used to assess quality of life and functioning in rheumatic diseases, available in Polish, do not address these problems. The Rheumatoid and Arthritis Outcome Score (RAOS) ques- tionnaire was developed but is not available in the Polish language. This tool is used to evaluate the functional limitations of physically active people who suffer from arthritis and associated lower limb disorders. The objective of this study is the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the RAOS into Polish.Material and methodsThe process was carried out following the guidelines of the Evidence-Based Medicine Committee of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS). The translation included forward and back translation, and synthesis of the transcripts. The RAOS was pre-tested in a target setting in 19 patients and final amendments were made to address concerns raised by the patients.ResultsThe translation, adaptation, and pre-test of the Polish RAOS resulted in the final version of the scale, which can be found in Supplementary material 1.ConclusionsDuring pre-testing, the scale demonstrated ease of understanding, with patient feedback leading to minor corrections that were incorporated into the questionnaire structure. Before widespread implementation, a crucial step involves validating the scale through rigorous psychometric tests, including assessments of the reliability, validity and stability of the Polish RAOS. The lack of validation of the translated Polish version limits the use of the RAOS in the research environment. To solve this problem, the validation process is planned to be carried out in the next stage.

Background Timely interventions in women presenting with preterm labour can substantially improve health outcomes for preterm babies. However, establishing such a diagnosis is very challenging, as signs and symptoms of preterm labour are common and can be nonspecific. We aimed to develop and externally validate a risk prediction model using concentration of vaginal fluid fetal fibronectin (quantitative fFN), in combination with clinical risk factors, for the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth and assessed its cost-effectiveness. Methods and findings Pregnant women included in the analyses were 22+0 to 34+6 weeks gestation with signs and symptoms of preterm labour. The primary outcome was spontaneous preterm birth within 7 days of quantitative fFN test. The risk prediction model was developed and internally validated in an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of 5 European prospective cohort studies (2009 to 2016; 1,783 women; mean age 29.7 years; median BMI 24.8 kg/m2; 67.6% White; 11.7% smokers; 51.8% nulliparous; 10.4% with multiple pregnancy; 139 [7.8%] with spontaneous preterm birth within 7 days). The model was then externally validated in a prospective cohort study in 26 United Kingdom centres (2016 to 2018; 2,924 women; mean age 28.2 years; median BMI 25.4 kg/m2; 88.2% White; 21% smokers; 35.2% nulliparous; 3.5% with multiple pregnancy; 85 [2.9%] with spontaneous preterm birth within 7 days). The developed risk prediction model for spontaneous preterm birth within 7 days included quantitative fFN, current smoking, not White ethnicity, nulliparity, and multiple pregnancy. After internal validation, the optimism adjusted area under the curve was 0.89 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.92), and the optimism adjusted Nagelkerke R2 was 35% (95% CI 33% to 37%). On external validation in the prospective UK cohort population, the area under the curve was 0.89 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.94), and Nagelkerke R2 of 36% (95% CI: 34% to 38%). Recalibration of the model’s intercept was required to ensure overall calibration-in-the-large. A calibration curve suggested close agreement between predicted and observed risks in the range of predictions 0% to 10%, but some miscalibration (underprediction) at higher risks (slope 1.24 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.26)). Despite any miscalibration, the net benefit of the model was higher than “treat all” or “treat none” strategies for thresholds up to about 15% risk. The economic analysis found the prognostic model was cost effective, compared to using qualitative fFN, at a threshold for hospital admission and treatment of ≥2% risk of preterm birth within 7 days. Study limitations include the limited number of participants who are not White and levels of missing data for certain variables in the development dataset. Conclusions In this study, we found that a risk prediction model including vaginal fFN concentration and clinical risk factors showed promising performance in the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth within 7 days of test and has potential to inform management decisions for women with threatened preterm labour. Further evaluation of the risk prediction model in clinical practice is required to determine whether the risk prediction model improves clinical outcomes if used in practice. Trial registration The study was approved by the West of Scotland Research Ethics Committee (16/WS/0068). The study was registered with ISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN 41598423) and NIHR Portfolio (CPMS: 31277).

Vade mecum[1] Послушай-ка. Если ты гидролог или собираешься стать им, то дай рассказать тебе правду об этой науке. О гидрологии. Конечно эта правда будет такой, какой она представляется мне. Но поверь, вряд ли в отношении раскрытия научных секретов у меня есть серьезные конкуренты. Но сначала хочу задать тебе несколько вопросов. Какова судьба воды, упавшей с Неба на Землю? И если ты ответишь на этот вопрос, то ты – мастер удивительного. Но ты знаешь, что воде присуще течение. Поэтому ответь – какими путями течет вода. И если ты готов ответить и на этот вопрос, то ты, уж наверняка, – мастер удивительного. И вот еще. Что было бы, не будь на Земле воды? Что происходит на Земле при участии воды? Что происходит с водой за время ее пребывания на Земле? И если ты опять знаешь ответы, то воистину ты – мастер удивительного. А если случилось так, что ты затруднился с ответами, или ответил неуверенно, или в чем-то погрешил против истины и почувствовал это, то пойди со мной. И поверь, я тоже немного мастер удивительного. Я напомню тебе о красоте этого Мира и его уязвимости. Об исключительной роли воды на Земле и проблемах, связанных с этой исключительностью. О том как важно и замечательно чувствовать и понимать все о воде. Я поведаю тебе о людях, которые давали ответы на заданные тебе вопросы. И о людях, которые думали, что знают ответы. И о людях, которые отвечали, не зная ответов. И еще я надеюсь, ты поймешь главное – только преданность делу и одержимость им смогут привести тебя к настоящему знанию. И только тогда ты сможешь стать подлинным мастером удивительного. "Но довольно. Позволь мне приступить к делу. Позволь мне начать и позволь мне закончить"[2] [1] Иди со мной (лат.) [2] Марио Пьюзо. Пусть умирают дураки. Литература Аполлов Б.А. Учение о реках: учебник геогр. фак. ун-тов, 2-е изд. М.: изд-во Моск. университета, 1963. 423 с. Великанов М.А. Гидрология суши. Л.: Гидрометеорологическое издательство, 1948. 530 с. Виноградов Ю.Б., Виноградова Т.А. Математическое моделирование в гидрологии. М.: Изд. Центр «Академия», 2010. 297 с. Войно-Ясенецкий В.Ф. (Святитель Лука Крымский) Наука и религия. Феникс, Православная библиотека «Троицкое слово», 2001. 320 с. Гледко Ю.А. Гидрогеология: учеб. пособие. Мн.: Выш шк., 2012. 446 с. Гляциологический словарь / Под ред. В.М. Котлякова. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1984. 564 с. Даль В.И. Толковый словарь живого Великорусского языка: в 4 т. Том 1. А-З. Издание книгопродавца-типографа М.О. Вольфа, 1880. 812 с. Картвелишвили Н.А. Стохастическая гидрология. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1981. 168 с. Кнорринг В.И. Теория, практика и искусство управления: учебник для вузов по специальности "Менеджмент". М.: Издательство НОРМА, 2001. 528 с. Кренке А.Н. Массообмен в ледниковых системах на территории СССР. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1982. 288 с. Лем С. О «неопознанных летающих объектах» / Пер. К.В. Душенко // Рациональное и иррациональное в современном сознании / Ред. Р.А. Гальцева. М., ИНИОН, 1987. Вып. 4. Линслей Р.К. Колер М.А., Паулюс Д.Л.Х. Прикладная гидрология / Пер. с англ. В.М. Бицилли [и др.]; Под ред. [и с предисл.] проф. А.Н. Бефани. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1962. 759 с. Мягков С.М. Проблема роста ущерба от стихийных бедствий // Глобальные изменения природной среды (климат и водный режим). М.: Научный мир, 2000. С. 277-291 Патерсон У.С.Б. Физика ледников / Пер. с англ. М.Г. Гросвальда, В.Л. Мазо, О.П. Чижова; под ред. В.М. Котлякова. М.: Мир, 1984. 472 с. Полинг Л., Полинг П. Химия. М.: Мир, 1978. 686 с. Сноу Ч.П. Портреты и размышления: эссе, интервью, выступления / Пер. с англ. Сост. С. Бэлза. М.: Изд. Прогресс, 1985. 368 с. Хатчинсон Д. Лимнология: географические, физические и химические характеристики озер / сокращенный перевод с английского Г.В. Цыцарпина и. Г.Г. Шинкар; редакция и предисловие Л.Л. Россолимо. М.: Прогресс, 1969. 591 с. Шумский П.А. Задачи и методы изучения колебаний ледников // Научные труды института механики МГУ. 1975. № 42. С. 5-11. Щукин И.С. Четырехъязычный энциклопедический словарь терминов по физической географии / Под ред. А.И. Спиридонова. М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1980. 703 с. Эдельштейн Я.С. Основы геоморфологии: краткий курс. М.: Государственное учебно-педагогическое издание, 1938. 329 с. Chow V.T. Handbook Of Applied Hydrology: a compendium of water-resources technology. New York: McGraw- Hill, 1964. 1495 p. Dingman S.L. Physical Hydrology. Macmillan Publishing Company, 1994. 575 p. Distributed Hydrological Modeling / Abbott M.B., Refsgaard J.C. (Eds). Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996. 321 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0257-2 Hesse H.K. Schreiben und Schriften / Neue Zürcher Zeitung 15.08.1961 Klemeš V. Dilettantism in hydrology: Transition or destiny? // Water Resources Research. 1986. Vol. 22. Iss. 9S. P. 177S-188S. DOI: 10.1029/WR022i09Sp0177S McCarroll D. Really Critical Geomorphology // Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 1997. Vol. 22. Iss. 1. P. 1-2. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199701)22:1<1::AID-ESP780>3.0.CO;2-F Wiest R. De J.M. Geohydrology. New York, London, Sydney: John Wiley and Sons, 1965. 366 p. Vade mecum Listen. If you are a hydrologist or going to be-come once of them, then let me tell you the truth about this science. About hydrology. Of course, this truth will be what it seems to me. But believe me, its unlikely that I have grave rivals regarding the disclosure of scientific se-crets. But first, I want to ask you some ques-tions. What is the destiny of the water that fell from Heaven to Earth And if you answer this ques-tion, then you are a master of the amazing. But you know that flowing is inherent in wa-ter. Therefore answer - in what ways water flows. And if you are ready to answer this question, then you are certainly a master of the amazing. And one more thing. What would happen if there were no water on Earth What happens on Earth with the participation of water What happens to water during its stay on Earth And if you again know the answers, then truly you are a master of the amazing. And if it so happened that you found it diffi-cult to answer, or answered hesitantly, or in some way committed a sin against the truth and felt this, then come with me. And believe me, Im also a little master of the amazing. I will remind you about the beauty of this World and its vulnerability. About the exclu-sive role of water on Earth and the problems associated with this. About how important and wonderful it is to feel and understand every-thing about water. I will tell you about the people who gave an-swers to the questions asked to you. And about people who thought they knew the an-swers. And about people who answered with-out knowing the answers. And I also hope that you will understand the main thing only devotion and obsession can lead you to real knowledge. And only then can you become a true master of the amazing. But enough. Let me get down to matter. Let me start and let me finish. References Abbott M.B., Refsgaard J.C. (Eds). Distributed Hydrological Modeling Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996. 321 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0257-2 Apollov B.A. Uchenie o rekakh: uchebnik geograficheskikh fakultetov universitetov Studies about the river. Moscow, Publ. of Moscow University, 1963. 423 p. (In Russian). Chow V.T. Handbook Of Applied Hydrology: a compendium of water-resources technology. New York, McGraw- Hill, 1964. 1495 p. Dal V.I. Tolkovyi slovar zhivogo Velikorusskogo yazyka: v 4 t. Tom 1. A-3 Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language: in 4 vol. Volume 1. Letter A-3. Publ. of the bookstore-typographer M.O. Wolf, 1880.812 p. (In Russian). Dingman S.L. Physical Hydrology. Macmillan Publishing Company, 1994. 575 p. Edelshtein Ya.S. Osnovy geomorfologii: kratkii kurs Fundamentals of geomorphology: a short course. Moscow, State Pedagogical Edition, 1938. 329 p. (In Russian). Gledko Yu.A. Gidrogeologiya: uchebnoe posobie Hydrogeology: a training manual. Minsk, Publ. Vysshaya shkola, 2012. 446 p. (In Russian). Glyatsiologicheskii slovar Glaciological Dictionary by Kotlyakov V.M. (ed.). Leningrad, Publ. Gidrometeoizdat, 1984. 564 p. (In Russian). Hesse H.K. Schreiben und Schriften / Neue Zrcher Zeitung 15.08.1961 Hutchinson, G.E.A. Treatise on limnology. London, 1957 (Russ. ed.: Khatchinson D. Limnologiya: geograficheskie, fizicheskie i khimicheskie kharakteristiki ozer. Moscow, Publ. Progress, 1969. 591 p.) Kartvelishvili N.A. Stokhasticheskaya gidrologiya Stochastic hydrology. Leningrad, Publ. Gidrometeoizdat, 1981. 168 p. (In Russian). Knorring V.I. Teoriya, praktika i iskusstvo upravleniya: uchebnik dlya vuzov po spetsialnosti Menedzhment Theory, practice and the art of management: a textbook for universities in the specialty Management. Moscow, Publ. NORMA, 2001. 528 p. (In Russian). Kleme V. Dilettantism in hydrology: Transition or destiny Water Resources Research, 1986, vol. 22, iss. 9S, pp. 177S-188S. DOI: 10.1029/WR022i09Sp0177S Krenke A.N. Massoobmen v lednikovykh sistemakh na territorii SSSR Mass-exchange in Glacier Systems over the Territory of the USSR. Leningrad, Publ. Gidrometeoizdat, 1982. 288 p. (In Russian abstract in English). McCarroll D. Really Critical Geomorphology. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 1997, vol. 22, iss. 1, pp. 1-2. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199701)22:11::AID-ESP7803.0.CO2-F Lem S. О niczidentyfikowanych objektach latajacych. Przeglad techniczny-innowacje. Waszawa, 1977, no. 50/51. (Russ. ed.: Lem S. O neopoznannykh letayushchikh obektakh . Ratsionalnoe i irratsionalnoe v sovremennom soznanii. Moscow, Publ. INION, 1987. Vyp. 4). Linsley R., Kohler M., Paulhus J. Applied Hydrology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1949. (Russ. ed.: Linslei R.K. Koler M.A., Paulyus D.L.Kh. Prikladnaya gidrologiya. Leningrad, Publ. Gidrometeoizdat, 1962. 759 p.) Myagkov S.M. Problema rosta ushcherba ot stikhiinykh bedstvii The problem of growing damage from natural disasters. Globalnye izmeneniya prirodnoi sredy (klimat i vodnyi rezhim) Global changes in the environment (climate and water regime). Moscow, Publ. Nauchnyi mir, 2000, pp. 277-291. (In Russian). Paterson W.S.B. The physics of glaciers. Pergamon Press, 1981. (Russ. ed.: Paterson U.S.B. Fizika lednikov. Moscow, Publ. Mir, 1984. 472 p.) Pauling L., Pauling P. Chemistry San Francisco, W.H. Freeman and company, 1975. 767 p. (Russ. ed.: Poling L., Poling P. Khimiya. Moscow, Publ. Mir, 1978. 686 p.) Shumskii P.A. Zadachi i metody izucheniya kolebanii lednikov Tasks and methods for studying the fluctuations of glaciers. Nauchnye trudy instituta mekhaniki MGU Scientific proceedings of the Institute of Mechanics of Moscow State University, 1975, no. 42, pp. 5-11. (In Russian). Shchukin I.S. Chetyrekhyazychnyi entsiklopedicheskii slovar terminov po fizicheskoi geografii The four-language encyclopedic dictionary of terms in physical geography. Moscow, Publ. of Soviet Encyclopedia, 1980. 703 p. (In Russian). Snou Ch.P. Portrety i razmyshleniya: esse, intervyu, vystupleniya Portraits and reflections: essays, interviews, speeches. Moscow, Publ. Progress, 1985. 368 p. (In Russian). Velikanov M.A. Gidrologiya sushi Hydrology. Leningrad, Hydrometeorological publishing house, 1948. 530 p. (In Russian). Vinogradov Yu.B., Vinogradova T.A. Matematicheskoe modelirovanie v gidrologii Mathematical modeling in hydrology. Moscow, Academy Publ., 2010. 297 p. (In Russian). Voino-Yasenetskii V.F. (Svyatitel Luka Krymskii) Nauka i religiya Science and religion. Feniks, Pravoslavnaya biblioteka Troitskoe slovo , 2001. 320 p. (In Russian). Wiest R. De J.M. Geohydrology. New York, London, Sydney: John Wiley and Sons, 1965. 366 p.

Constantius, as though the Temple of Janus had been closed and all enemies had been laid low, was longing to visit Rome and, following the death of Magnentius, to hold a triumph, without a victory title and after shedding Roman blood. For he did not himself defeat any belligerent nation or learn that any had been defeated through the courage of his commanders, nor did he add anything to the empire, and in dangerous circumstances he was never seen to lead from the front, nor even to be among the front ranks. But he wanted to display an exaggeratedly long procession, standards stiff with gold and the beauty of his attendants, to a population who were living more peacefully, neither anticipating nor wishing to see this or anything like it. For perhaps he was unaware that some earlier emperors had been content with lictors in peacetime, but when the heat of battle could not allow inactivity, one of them had entrusted himself to a small fishing boat, blasted by raging gales, another had followed the example of the Decii and offered up his life in a vow for the state, and another had himself explored the enemy camp alongside the regular soldiers; that, in short, various of them had won renown for magnificent deeds, and so committed their glories to the distinguished memory of posterity. …When he was approaching the city, observing with a serene expression the respectful attendance of the Senate, and the venerable likenesses of the patrician families, he thought, not like Cineas, the legate of Pyrrhus, that a multitude of kings had been assembled together, but rather that this was the refuge of the whole world [cumque urbi propinquaret, senatus officia, reuerendasque patriciae stirpis effigies, ore sereno contemplans, non ut Cineas ille Pyrrhi legatus, in unum coactam multitudinem regum, sed asylum mundi totius adesse existimabat]. Next, when he turned his gaze to the general populace, he was astonished at the speed with which every type of men from everywhere had flowed into Rome. As though he were trying to terrify the Euphrates or the Rhine with the sight of arms, with the standards in front of him on each side, he sat alone in a golden chariot, glittering with the shimmer of many different precious stones, whose flashes seemed to produce a flickering light. After many others had preceded him, he was surrounded by dragons, woven from purple cloth and affixed to the golden, bejewelled tips of spears, open to the wind with their broad mouths and so hissing as though roused with anger, trailing the coils of their tails in the wind [eumque post antegressos multiplices alios, purpureis subtegminibus texti, circumdedere dracones, hastarum aureis gemmatisque summitatibus illigati, hiatu uasto perflabiles, et ideo uelut ira perciti sibilantes, caudarumque uolumina relinquentes in uentum]. Then there came a twin column of armed men, with shields and plumed helmets, shining with glittering light, clothed in gleaming cuirasses, with armoured horsemen, whom they call clibanarii, arranged among them, masked and protected by breastplates, encircled with iron bands, so that you might have thought them to be statues finished by the hand of Praxiteles, not men [sparsique catafracti equites, quos clibanarios dictitant, personati thoracum muniti tegminibus, et limbis ferreis cincti, ut Praxitelis manu polita crederes simulacra, non uiros]. Slender rings of metal plates, fitted to the curves of the body, clothed them, spread across all their limbs, so that, in whatever direction necessity moved their joints, their clothing moved likewise, since the joins had been made to fit so well.When he was hailed as Augustus with favourable cries, [Constantius] did not shudder at the din that thundered from hills and shores, but showed himself unmoved, as he appeared in his provinces. For, when passing through high gates, he stooped his short body, and, keeping his gaze straight, as though his neck were fixed, he turned his head neither right nor left, as though an image of a man, and he was never seen to nod when the wheel shook, or to spit or wipe or rub his face or nose, or to move his hand [nam et corpus perhumile curuabat portas ingrediens celsas, et uelut collo munito, rectam aciem luminum tendens, nec dextra uultum nec laeua flectebat, tamquam figmentum hominis, nec, cum rota concuteret, nutans, nec spuens, aut os aut nasum tergens uel fricans, manumue agitans uisus est umquam]. Although this behaviour was an affectation, it, and other aspects of his more private life, were however indications of extraordinary endurance, granted to him alone, as it was given to be supposed. This passage, which describes the aduentus of Constantius II into Rome in 357, is one of the best-known episodes in the Res Gestae of Ammianus Marcellinus. This historical work was completed by the retired military officer in around 390, with the surviving books covering the period from 353 to the aftermath of the Battle of Adrianople in 378. Unsurprisingly, this passage is also one of the most debated. Throughout his work, Ammianus regularly criticized Constantius as a weak, vicious ruler, influenced by women and, in particular, eunuchs, and so contrasted him with his cousin and successor Julian, the emperor who receives the most favourable treatment within this text. The degree and nature of criticism within this particular passage has, however, been the subject of a variety of wildly differing interpretations. It is clear that, at the outset, Ammianus is inveighing against the notion of holding a triumph for victory in a civil war, but there has been debate over whether Constantius was actually celebrating a triumph or merely the anniversary of his accession. Similarly, the description of the Senate as ‘the refuge of the whole world’ has been read in contrasting ways, being regarded as derogatory by Johannes Straub, as neutral, or even positive, by Pierre Dufraigne, and as respectful by R.C. Blockley. While this passage as a whole is generally read as an attack on Constantius for his pretentions to ill-deserved military glory, it also raises the question of whether Ammianus was also criticizing Constantius for the way in which he performed his aduentus, emphasizing his pompous and autocratic behaviour in order to contrast him with Julian, who preferred to behave more like a ciuilis princeps in public. Of course, such a reading almost inevitably produces a portrait of Ammianus as an impractically nostalgic figure, harking back to a style of rule which was anachronistic in the post-Diocletianic Later Roman Empire. In addition, Ammianus also presented Julian as performing an aduentus into Constantinople in 361, employing some phrases that were similar to those used to describe Constantius’ procession in 357. Furthermore, as John Matthews has illustrated, Ammianus’ presentations of the occasions when Julian eschewed late-antique imperial protocol are not without tinges of criticism, and his judgement on the propriety of different modes of imperial behaviour varied dependent on the context.

Aim: This study aims to assess the Palestinian girls’ dietary habits and physical activity patterns as a baseline for intervention. Methods: A cross-sectional study of grade 4 and 5 pupils (mean age: 11 years) in 14 all-girl schools in East Jerusalem, of four different types of school ownership (overall N=897), was conducted, using self-administered questionnaires and height and weight measurements. Logistic regressions were conducted to determine predictors of healthy behaviours. Results: Only 36.6% of the pupils reported eating breakfast daily, with UNRWA schools having the highest rate of daily breakfast consumption (42.6%). About 28% reported eating the recommended daily quantity of five portions of fruits and vegetables. Only 15% of the pupils reported being active at least five days a week and more than one third of the schoolchildren viewed TV for ≥4 hours a day. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 22.2% and 7.6%, respectively, with private schools having the highest rates, 29.6% and 12.8% respectively (P=0.001). Additional predictors of overweight and obesity were: being the first child in the family, watching TV for more than four hours a day, always eating while watching TV and being physically active less than five days a week. Conclusions: Most Palestinian pupils miss breakfast, eat less fruits and vegetables than recommended and have sedentary behaviours. These findings raise serious concerns and point to the urgent need for tailored interventions. Source of funding: This study is a part of Ph.D. degree. Maha Nubani-Husseini received a scholarship from Joint Distribution Committee (JDC). She thanks Nutrition and Health Research Institute Al-Quds University for funding part of the research. The Linda Joy Pollin Cardiovascular Wellness Center for Women at the Division of Cardiology of Hadassah University Medical Center, directed by Dr. Donna Zfat funded the mothers’ activities and lectures towards the end of the intervention, as well as the implementation of the programme at the control schools one year after the study ended, as they were promised when they got selected. Acknowledgments: The authors thank the participating schools, the Palestinian Ministry of Education, the UNRWA Office of Education and Jerusalem Municipality for facilitating fieldwork. Their gratitude also goes to Mr. Radwan Qasrawi (Al-Quds University), Dr. Marrio Baras and Dr. Deena Jaffeh (Hebrew University) for statistical support, and to Mrs. Suzy Daher for editing.

Aim: School-based interventions have the potential to intervene with the students and teachers, and to reach their families. A controlled program trial was designed to promote healthy eating and physical activity among Palestinian females, while the process evaluation aimed to monitor the program’s implementation and identify factors that led to its success. Methods: A randomized controlled program trial was conducted in 14-Palestinian schools under 4-different jurisdictions, divided into 7-control and 7-intervention schools chosen randomly after applying a sample size calculation. A monitoring system, elucidated factors which contributed to improved outcomes, was applied in the intervention schools only, while the control schools continued with their regular curriculum. The process evaluation tracked the timing and implementation of interventions including changes in the school strategy, policy and structure, teachers’ capacity building, mothers’ education and involvement, the school’s supportive health environment, and integration food consumption records and physical activity into the daily class routine. Results: The intervention included 3,805 schoolchildren and their mothers’ as-well-as 147 teachers. At the completion of the 18-month intervention the schools had successfully participated in the various intervention activities. Only the private school did not sustain some of the interventions, which put it at 55% completion of the school supportive environment activities compared to the other schools which all reached the 100% completion of planned activities. Conclusion: This process evaluation approach enabled a more comprehensive understanding of the intervention implementation and outcomes and identified factors that contribute to the sustainability of the intervention. Each school required a different amount of time for understanding, applying and implementing the program depending on its needs. Acknowledgments: The authors thank the participating schools, the Palestinian Ministry of Education, the UNRWA Office of Education and Jerusalem Municipality for facilitating fieldwork. I would like to acknowledge my gratitude to my doctoral thesis supervisors, Prof. Elliot Berry and Prof. Ziad Abdeen. Source of funding: This study is a part of Ph.D. degree. The researcher received scholarship from Joint Distribution Committee (JDC). The author thanks Nutrition and Health Research Institute Al-Quds University for funding part of the research. The Linda Joy Pollin Cardiovascular Wellness Center for Women at the Division of Cardiology of Hadassah University Medical Center, directed by Dr. Donna Zfat funded the mothers’ activities and lectures towards the end of the intervention, as well as the implementation of the program at the control schools one year after the study ended, as they were promised when they got selected

The study aimed to identify the motives and behavior standing behind writing on the walls of institutions of higher education from the point of view of university students in Hebron Governorate. The researchers used the descriptive exploratory approach and the qualitative method through the structured interviewing tool. They developed a scale consisting of (19) items. Respondents asked to identify and order the most important (10) items from their own perspectives. The population of the study consists of (21813) subjects, the total of students according to official statistics issued in the second semester of the academic year (2019-2018) from the four universities in Hebron Governorate: Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron University, Al Quds Open University with its three branches (Hebron, Yatta and Dura), and Palestine Technical University (PTU) Al- Aroub Branch. For the purpose of the study, a simple random sample of 679 students selected. The outcome of the study concluded that respondents identified and ordered the most important (10) items. They indicated that the "Psychological factor or drive", item 1, is the most important one, and (the motive of rumor, deception and dissemination of lies), item 7, is the last one while the (economic motive), item 19, is the least drive. In light of these results, the researchers present some useful recommendations. Forming expert committees at the universities is badly needed. Committees should be entitled with certain duties as: observing the writings of the students on the walls of the Palestinian higher education institutions, understanding their contents, identifying the needs of students, educating students about the importance of preserving university property, and prohibiting writing on its walls.

IntroductionRoux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery can effectively improve steatosis, necroinflammatory activity, and hepatic fibrosis in individuals diagnosed with morbid obesity or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Common methods such as body mass index (BMI) to evaluate the postoperative effect of clinical bariatric surgery cannot differentiate subcutaneous fats from visceral fats and muscles. Several Quantitative ultrasound (QUS)–based approaches have been developed to quantify hepatic steatosis. QUS techniques (tissue attenuation imaging (TAI), tissue scatter distribution imaging (TSI)) from radio frequency (RF) data analysis as a means for the detection and grading of hepatic steatosis has been posited as an objective and noninvasive approach. The implementation and standardization of QUS techniques (TAI, TSI) in assessing hepatic steatosis quantitatively after bariatric surgery is of high-priority. Our study is aimed to assess hepatic steatosis with QUS techniques (TAI, TSI) in morbidly obese individuals before and after bariatric surgery, and to compare with anthropometric measurements, laboratory assessments and other imaging methods.Methods and analysisThe present investigation, a self-discipline examination of navigational capacity devoid of visual cues, is designed as a single-site, forward-looking evaluation of efficacy with the imprimatur of the institutional review board. The duration of the study has been provisionally determined to span from 1 January 2023 through 31 December 2025. Our cohort shall encompass one hundred participants, who was scheduled to undergo Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) at Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. All patients will undergo anthropometric measurements, blood-based biochemical analyses, ultrasonic examination and magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF). The primary endpoint is the analysis of evaluating the efficacy of QUS techniques assessing hepatic steatosis compared to other methods before and after bariatric surgery.ResultsPrior to the fomal study, we recruited 21 obese Chinese participants who received ultrasonic examination (TAI, TSI) and MRI-PDFF. AC-TAI showed moderate correlations with MRI-PDFF (adjusted r = 0.632; P &lt; 0.05). For MRI-PDFF ≥10%, SC-TSI showed moderate correlations with MRI-PDFF (adjusted r = 0.677; P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionOur pre-experiment results signified that using QUS techniques for postoperative evaluation of bariatric surgery is promising. QUS techniques will be signed a widespread availability, real-time functionality, and low-cost approach for assessing hepatic steatosis before and after bariatric surgery in obese individuals, thus is capable for subsequent scale-up liver fat quantification.Ethics and disseminationThe present research endeavor has been bestowed with the imprimatur of the Ethics Committee of the Hospital, as indicated by its Approval Number: 2023-KY-015. In due course, upon completion of the study, we intend to disseminate our findings by publishing them in a suitable academic journal, thereby facilitating their widespread utilization.RegistrationThe trial is duly registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, and with a unique Trial Registration Number, ChiCTR2300069892, approved on March 28, 2023.

Background: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at dialysis initiation is increasingly recognized as a key quality indicator (QI) for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Specifically, guidelines recommend assessing deferral of dialysis initiation until symptoms arise or if the eGFR is ≤6 mL/min/1.73 m2. Despite the recognition of the importance of this QI, how eGFR at the time of dialysis initiation is defined, collected, and tracked at dialysis centers across Canada remains unknown. Objectives: To identify how provincial renal programs define eGFR at dialysis initiation, to compare practice across Canadian provinces, and to determine if there is a consistent benchmark for deferred dialysis start. Design: Cross-sectional survey distributed to the medical leads of each provincial renal program, administered from July 2021 to November 2021. Quebec was not included given it did not yet participate in Canadian Organ Replacement Register (CORR) data submission. Setting: The survey was designed and distributed by the Canadian Society of Nephrology Quality Improvement & Implementation Science Committee (CSN-QUIS) Indicator Working Group. Methods: The survey asked respondents on how eGFR is defined, collected, reported, and perceived barriers to QI data collection. The National Senior Renal Leaders Forum helped identify the key provincial medical leads to disseminate the survey for completion. Results: Surveys were distributed to the medical leads of the 9 provincial renal programs that participate in CORR. In total, there were 8 responses. Five provinces submit eGFR for all new dialysis starts and 3 provinces only submit this information for chronic patients. There is variation in determining when a patient with acute kidney injury requiring dialysis is classified as a chronic patient. Four provinces use a 30-day trigger, 3 provinces use a 90-day trigger, and the patient’s nephrologist makes this determination in 1 province. The creatinine used for the eGFR at dialysis initiation was the value measured on the first dialysis session (ie, day 0) for 5 provinces; the last outpatient clinic creatinine value in 2 provinces, and 1 province did not have a standard definition. Three provinces did not have a benchmark target for eGFR at dialysis initiation, 1 province had a target of <9.5 mL/min/1.73 m2, 3 provinces had a target of <10 mL/min/1.73 m2, 1 province had a target of <15 mL/min/1.73 m2. All 8 responding provincial medical leads support the establishment of a national benchmark for this measure. Limitations: This survey was restricted to provincial medical leads and therefore is unable to determine practice at individual dialysis sites. The survey was not anonymous, so it may be subject to conformity bias. Conclusions: There is wide variability in how eGFR at dialysis initiation is measured and reported across Canada. Additionally, there is no consensus on a benchmark target for an intent-to-defer dialysis strategy. Standardization of target eGFR at dialysis initiation may facilitate national reporting and quality improvement initiatives.