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Статті в журналах з теми "Quasi-biweekly oscillation"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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1

Chen, Ruidan, Zhiping Wen, and Riyu Lu. "Evolution of the Circulation Anomalies and the Quasi-Biweekly Oscillations Associated with Extreme Heat Events in Southern China." Journal of Climate 29, no. 19 (September 9, 2016): 6909–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0160.1.

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Abstract Southern China, located in the tropical–subtropical East Asian monsoonal region, presents a unique anticyclonic–cyclonic circulation pattern during extreme heat (EH), obviously different from the typical anticyclone responsible for EH in many other regions. Associated with the evolution of EH in southern China, the anticyclonic–cyclonic anomalies propagate northwestward over the Philippines and southern China. Before the EH onsets, the anticyclonic anomaly dominates southern China, resulting in stronger subsidence over southern China and stronger southerly (southwesterly) flow over the western (northern) margins of southern China. The southerly (southwesterly) flow transports more water vapor to the north of southern China, thus, together with the local stronger subsidence, resulting in drier air condition and accordingly favoring the occurrence of EH. Conversely, after the EH onsets, the cyclonic component approaches southern China and offsets the high temperature. The oscillations of temperature and circulation anomalies over southern China exhibit a periodicity of about 10 days and indicate the influence of a quasi-biweekly oscillation, which originates from the tropical western Pacific and propagates northwestward. Therefore, the 5–25-day-filtered data are extracted to further analyze the quasi-biweekly oscillation. It turns out that the evolution of the filtered circulation remarkably resembles the original anomalies with comparable amplitudes, indicating that the quasi-biweekly oscillation is critical for the occurrence of EH in southern China. The quasi-biweekly oscillation could explain more than 50% of the intraseasonal variance of daily maximum temperature Tmax and vorticity over southern China and 80% of the warming amplitude of EH onsets. The close relationship between the circulation of the quasi-biweekly oscillation and the EH occurrence indicates the possibility of medium-range forecasting for high temperature in southern China.

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2

Kikuchi, Kazuyoshi, and Bin Wang. "Global Perspective of the Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation*." Journal of Climate 22, no. 6 (March 15, 2009): 1340–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2368.1.

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Abstract The quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBW: here defined as a 12–20-day oscillation) is one of the major systems that affect tropical and subtropical weather and seasonal mean climate. However, knowledge is limited concerning its temporal and spatial structures and dynamics, particularly in a global perspective. To advance understanding of the QBW, its life cycle is documented using a tracking method and extended EOF analysis. Both methods yield consistent results. The analyses reveal a wide variety of QBW activity in terms of initiation, movement, development, and dissipation. The convective anomalies associated with the QBW are predominant in the latitude bands between 10° and 30° in both hemispheres. The QBW modes tend to occur regionally and be associated with monsoons. Three boreal summer modes are identified in the Asia–Pacific, Central America, and subtropical South Pacific regions. Five austral summer modes are identified in the Australia–southwest Pacific, South Africa–Indian Ocean, South America–Atlantic, subtropical North Pacific, and North Atlantic–North Africa regions. The QBW modes are classified into two categories: westward- and eastward-propagating modes. The westward mode is found in the Asia–Pacific and Central America regions during boreal summer; it originates in the tropics and dissipates in the subtropics. The behavior of the westward-propagating mode can be understood in terms of equatorial Rossby waves in the presence of monsoon mean flow and convective coupling. The eastward-propagating mode, on the other hand, connects with upstream extratropical Rossby wave trains and propagates primarily eastward and equatorward. Barotropic Rossby wave trains play an essential role in controlling initiation, development, and propagation of the eastward QBW mode in the subtropics. The results therefore suggest that not only tropical but also extratropical dynamics are required for fully understanding the behavior of the QBW systems worldwide. The new conceptual picture of QBW obtained here based on long-term observation provides valuable information on the behavior of QBW systems in a global perspective, which is important for a thorough understanding of tropical variability on a time scale between day-to-day weather and the Madden–Julian oscillation.

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3

Fu, Shen-Ming, Rui-Xin Liu, and Jian-Hua Sun. "On the Scale Interactions that Dominate the Maintenance of a Persistent Heavy Rainfall Event: A Piecewise Energy Analysis." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 75, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 907–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-17-0294.1.

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Abstract Persistent heavy rainfall events (PHREs) are the product of the combined effects of multiscale systems. A PHRE that occurred during the 2016 mei-yu season was selected to further the understanding of the scale interactions accounting for the persistence of this type of event. The scale interactions were analyzed quantitatively using a piecewise energy budget based on temporal scale separation. Results show that the strongest interactions between the precipitation-related eddy flow and its background circulation (BC) occur in the mid- to lower troposphere, where a significant downscale kinetic energy (KE) cascade alone dominates eddy flow persistence. An obvious upscale KE cascade (i.e., a feedback effect) appears in the mid- to upper troposphere but has a negligible effect on the BC. Overall, within the precipitation region, the downscale KE cascade is primarily dependent on BC signals with shorter periods, whereas the upscale KE cascade is more dependent on BC signals with longer periods. Thus, the BC has asymmetric effects on the KE cascades. The most significant BC signal as determined via wavelet analysis [i.e., quasi-biweekly (10–18 days) oscillations in this event] does not play the leading role in the downscale KE cascade. Instead, the quasi-weekly oscillations provide the maximum amount of energy for eddy flow maintenance. Semi-idealized simulations of various BC signals show similar results: precipitation and the intensities of lower-level shear lines and transversal troughs (both of which are closely related to the precipitation-related eddy flow) are more sensitive to the quasi-weekly oscillation than to the quasi-biweekly oscillation.

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4

Yang, Ruowen, Quanliang Chen, Yuyun Liu, and Lin Wang. "A Mechanism of the Interdecadal Changes of the Global Low-Frequency Oscillation." Atmosphere 9, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9080292.

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Анотація:

Based on the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis dataset from 1948 to 2009, this study reveals that global low-frequency oscillation features two major temporal bands. One is a quasi-60-day period known as the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO), and the other is a quasi-15-day period known as the quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO). After the mid-1970s, both the ISO and QBWO become intensified and more active, and these changes are equivalently barotropic. The primitive barotropic equations are adopted to study the involved mechanism. It reveals that the e-folding time of the least stable modes of both the ISO and QWBO becomes shorter if the model is solved under the atmospheric basic state after the mid-1970s than if solved under the basic state before the mid-1970s. This result suggests that the atmospheric basic flow after the mid-1970s facilitates a more rapid growth of the ISO and QBWO, and thereby an intensification of the low-frequency oscillations at the two bands.

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5

Zhu, Xinsheng, and Chenyu Yao. "Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation of PM2.5 in Winter over North China and Its Leading Circulation Patterns." Remote Sensing 15, no. 16 (August 17, 2023): 4069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15164069.

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Persistent pollution often occurs in North China in winter. The study of the sub-seasonal evolution characteristics of fine particles (PM2.5) can provide a theoretical basis for the prediction and prevention of persistent pollution. Based on the high-resolution gridded data of PM2.5 and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, the sub-seasonal variation in PM2.5 in North China in winter and its dominant circulation patterns from 1960/61 to 2019/20 were analyzed. The results show that, in winter, PM2.5 in North China shows a dominant period of 10–20 days, and persistent heavy pollution occurs at the active phase of oscillation. Based on the PM2.5 quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) events, the 850 hPa wave train can be classified into four categories. It was found that, during the active phase of PM2.5 QBWO, the wind speed is weak and humidity is high in the low-troposphere for all of the four event types, while the quasi-biweekly 850 hPa wave train and the track of geopotential height anomaly are significantly different. Based on the characteristics of circulation evolution, these four types of events can be named as eastward, split southward, southeastward, and merged event. The energy conversion between the basic flow and the quasi-biweekly disturbance, and the mean flow difference are responsible for the circulation diversity for different PM2.5 QBWO events. The above research results can provide a theoretical basis for pollutant prediction.

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6

Anup, N., V. Vijith, A. K. Jithin, B. Rohith, P. Amol, and P. A. Francis. "Quasi-biweekly oscillation in sea level along the western Bay of Bengal." Continental Shelf Research 231 (December 2021): 104594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2021.104594.

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7

Wang, Meirong, Jun Wang, Anmin Duan, Yimin Liu, and Shunwu Zhou. "Coupling of the Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation of the Tibetan Plateau Summer Monsoon With the Arctic Oscillation." Geophysical Research Letters 45, no. 15 (April 30, 2018): 7756–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018gl077136.

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8

Dong, Zizhen, and Lin Wang. "Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation over the Western North Pacific in Boreal Winter and Its Influence on the Central North American Air Temperature." Journal of Climate 35, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 1901–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-21-0531.1.

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Abstract This study investigates the characteristics and climate impacts of the quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) over the western North Pacific (WNP) in boreal winter based on observational and reanalysis data and numerical experiments with a simplified model. The wintertime convection over the WNP is dominated by significant biweekly variability with a 10–20-day period, which explains about 66% of the intraseasonal variability. Its leading mode on the biweekly time scale is a northwestward-propagating convection dipole over the WNP, which oscillates over a period of about 12 days. When the convection-active center of this QBWO is located to the east of the Philippines, it can generate an anticyclonic vorticity source to the south of Japan via inducing upper-tropospheric divergence and excite a Rossby wave train propagating toward North America along the Pacific rim. The resultant lower-tropospheric circulation facilitates cold advection and leads to cold anomalies over central North America in the following week. This result highlights a cause–effect relationship between the WNP convection and the North American climate on the quasi-biweekly time scale and may provide some prediction potential for the North American climate. Significance Statement This study establishes a cause–effect relationship between the wintertime western North Pacific convection and the central North American air temperature on the quasi-biweekly time scale. In boreal winter, the convection over the western North Pacific oscillates significantly with a 10–20-day period. When the convection is active, it can disturb the atmosphere to the south of Japan and excite a midlatitude Rossby wave train. The latter propagates along the North Pacific rim and leads to cold spells over central North America within one week. This information connects the climate variability across the Pacific and provides an additional subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction potential for the North American winter climate.

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9

Wang, Xu, and Guang J. Zhang. "Evaluation of the Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation over the South China Sea in Early and Late Summer in CAM5." Journal of Climate 32, no. 1 (December 4, 2018): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0072.1.

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Abstract Low-frequency intraseasonal oscillations in the tropical atmosphere in general circulation models (GCMs) were studied extensively in many previous studies. However, the simulation of the quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO), which is an important component of the intraseasonal oscillations, in GCMs has not received much attention. This paper evaluates the QBWO features over the South China Sea in early [May–June (MJ)] and late [August–September (AS)] summer in the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model, version 5.3 (CAM5), using observations and reanalysis data. Results show that the major features of the spatial distribution of the QBWO in both MJ and AS are simulated reasonably well by the model, although the amplitude of the variation is overestimated. CAM5 captures the local oscillation in MJ and the westward propagation in AS of the QBWO. Although there are important biases in geographical location and intensity in MJ, the model represents the QBWO horizontal and vertical structure qualitatively well in AS. The diagnosis of the eddy vorticity budget is conducted to better understand the QBWO activities in the model. Both horizontal advection of relative vorticity and that of planetary vorticity (Coriolis parameter) are important for the local evolution of the QBWO in MJ in observations as well as model simulation, whereas advection of planetary vorticity contributes to the westward propagation of QBWO vorticity anomalies in AS. Since the Coriolis parameter f only changes with latitude, this suggests that the correct simulation of anomalous meridional wind is a key factor in the realistic simulation of the QBWO in the model.

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10

Tong, Qiaoyu, and Suxiang Yao. "The Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation of Winter Precipitation Associated with ENSO over Southern China." Atmosphere 9, no. 10 (October 16, 2018): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9100406.

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Using ERA-interim Reanalysis data and observational data, the intraseasonal oscillation of the winter rainfall in southern China is studied. The mean square deviation of daily precipitation is used to express precipitation variability, and winter precipitation variability over southern China is determined to be highly correlated with sea surface temperature (SST) in central and eastern tropical Pacific; the dominant period of the precipitation is 10–30 days, which reflects quasi-biweekly oscillation. Examination of 1000 hPa geopotential height suggests that key low-pressure systems affecting the intraseasonal precipitation come from Lake Baikal, but with different travel paths. In El Niño years, key low-pressure systems converge with other low-pressure systems and move southeastward until reaching South China, while in La Niña years, only one low-pressure system can reach southern China. Meanwhile, the explosive development of the low-pressure system is mainly caused by the joint effects of thermal advection and vorticity advection in El Niño, and only vorticity advection accounted for the dominant status in La Niña. Multiscale analysis shows that the meridional distribution of intraseasonal circulation plays an important role on the thermal transmission and brings strong warm advection from low latitudes to high latitudes in El Niño.

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11

Gui, Shu, and Ruowen Yang. "Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation of the Bay of Bengal–East Asia–Pacific Teleconnection in Boreal Summer." Journal of Climate 33, no. 17 (September 1, 2020): 7643–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0856.1.

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AbstractThe study reported in this paper used ERA-Interim reanalysis data to investigate the intraseasonal variability of the Bay of Bengal (BOB)–East Asia–Pacific teleconnection (BEAP) during the summer between 1979 and 2016. Over this period, the intraseasonal oscillation of the BEAP fell mainly within the quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) band. Variations in atmospheric circulation and precipitation, which may contribute to extreme weather events, showed a significant correlation with the phase transition of the BEAP from the BOB to East Asia and the Pacific. The evolution of the BEAP–QBWO is closely associated with the westward propagation of convective anomalies to the southwestern BOB. Dynamical analysis revealed that anomalous vertical motion coupled with anomalous convective activity over the southern BOB plays an important role in leading the phase propagation of the BEAP–QBWO, and that the horizontal advection anomalies can strengthen the BEAP–QBWO. Linear baroclinic model experiments confirmed that variations in convection over the southern BOB play a leading role in the BEAP–QBWO phase changes. Further research suggests that the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation can trigger the BEAP–QBWO through downstream propagation of convective disturbances to the southern BOB. This study provides insights into the cause and effect of the BEAP–QBWO, which will help to improve understanding of flood and drought patterns in the Asia–Pacific region.

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12

Jiang, Jie, and Suxiang Yao. "Winter Persistent Extreme Cold Events in Xinjiang Region and Their Associations with the Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation of the Polar Front Jet." Atmosphere 12, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050597.

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Winter persistent extreme cold events (WPECEs) often cause great damage to the development of economies and people’s lives. The sub-seasonal variation of the atmospheric circulation is regarded as one of important causes of extreme weather, and is key to propel the extended period prediction. In this paper, we mainly analyze the WPECEs in Xinjiang region and their relationship with the sub-seasonal variation of the East Asian polar front jet (PFJ). The results suggest the persistent extreme cold event (equal or greater than 7 days) occurs most frequently in Xinhe County of Xinjiang region, with obvious inter-annual and inter-decadal variations. Further analysis shows that the variation of the mean temperature in the key area has characteristics of intra-seasonal variation when the WPECE occurs. The result of composite analysis shows that this intra-seasonal variation is related to the sub-seasonal variation of atmospheric circulation, especially the PFJ anomalous activity near Lake Balkhash. By using the power spectrum analysis method, note that the PFJ activity has the characteristics of quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) in WPECEs. On quasi-biweekly scale (10–20-day filtered), the weakening of PFJ, the intensification of the zonal easterly wind in the upper troposphere, the accumulation of the strong cold air, and the intensification of the meridional northerly wind in the lower troposphere enhance the occurrence of WPECEs in Xinjiang. Further investigation indicates that the quasi-biweekly PFJ mainly propagates eastward and southward before the WPECE occurs in Xinjiang, China.

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13

Li-juan, ZHU, LIN Fei-long, and LIANG Chu-jin. "Modulation of Tropical Cyclone Activity Over the Northwestern Pacific Through the Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation." 热带气象学报（英文版） 26, no. 2 (2020): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46267/j.1006-8775.2021.012.

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14

Wen, Min, Song Yang, Wayne Higgins, and Renhe Zhang. "Characteristics of the Dominant Modes of Atmospheric Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation over Tropical–Subtropical Americas." Journal of Climate 24, no. 15 (August 1, 2011): 3956–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli3916.1.

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Abstract During the boreal summer (June–August), vigorous convection appears over the eastern Pacific, southern Mexico, and northern South America, and oscillates on a distinct time scale of 10–20 days. Extended empirical orthogonal function (EEOF) analysis shows that the quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) of the convection has two major modes: a west–east-orientated mode (WEM) and a north–south-orientated mode (NSM). The WEM, which is explained by the first two EEOF modes, originates over the eastern Atlantic, propagates westward along 15°N, and enhances over the Caribbean Sea before disappearing over the central Pacific. The NSM, explained by the third and fourth EEOF modes, originates over the western Pacific, moves eastward, and strengthens over the eastern Pacific. It shifts northward after arriving over the Caribbean Sea. Both modes have notable seasonal dependence, with the WEM more active in July and August and the NSM more active in June or earlier. The two distinct QBWO modes are linked to different rainfall patterns over the United States and Mexico. When the WEM is active in July and August, wet conditions occur over the southern central United States and dry conditions appear to the north. When the NSM is active in June, northern Mexico, the southwestern United States, the Missouri basin, and the northern Great Lakes are drier than normal, while southern Mexico and the eastern United States are wetter than normal. Significant variations in atmospheric circulation are found to be associated with the interannual variability of the NSM activity in June. However, these variations may not necessarily result from QBWO but, rather, provide a background for QBWO activity instead. In July and August, the association of QBWO with the precipitation pattern over North America may sometimes be related to hurricane activity.

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15

Zhao, Haikun, Chunzai Wang, and Ryuji Yoshida. "Modulation of tropical cyclogenesis in the western North Pacific by the quasi-biweekly oscillation." Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 33, no. 12 (November 14, 2016): 1361–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-016-5267-z.

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16

Li, Lun, Renhe Zhang, Min Wen, and Jianping Duan. "Modulation of the Intensity of Nascent Tibetan Plateau Vortices by Atmospheric Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation." Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 35, no. 11 (September 8, 2018): 1347–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-018-8057-y.

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17

Li, Kuiping, Yang Yang, Lin Feng, Weidong Yu, and Shouhua Liu. "Structures and Northward Propagation of the Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation in the Western North Pacific." Journal of Climate 33, no. 16 (August 15, 2020): 6873–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0752.1.

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AbstractThis study investigates the northward-propagating quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) in the western North Pacific by examining the composite meridional structures. Using newly released reanalysis and remote sensing data, the northward propagation is understood in terms of the meridional contrasts in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) moisture and the column-integrated moist static energy (MSE). The meridional contrast in the PBL moisture, with larger values north of the convection center, is predominantly attributed to the moisture convergence associated with barotropic vorticity anomalies. A secondary contribution comes from the meridional moisture advection, for which advections by mean and perturbation winds are almost equally important. The meridional contrast in the MSE tendency, due to the recharge in the front of convection and discharge in the rear of convection, is jointly contributed by the meridional and vertical MSE advections. The meridional MSE advection mainly depends on the moisture processes particularly in the PBL, and the vertical MSE advection largely results from the advection of the mean MSE by vertical velocity anomalies, wherein the upper-troposphere ascending motion related to the stratiform heating in the rear of the convection plays the major role. In addition, partial feedback from sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies is evaluated on the basis of MSE budget analysis. SST anomalies tend to enhance the surface turbulent heat fluxes ahead of the convention center and suppress them behind the convention center, thus positively contributing approximately 20% of the meridional contrast in the MSE tendency.

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18

Wang, Meirong, Jun Wang, and Anmin Duan. "Propagation and mechanisms of the quasi-biweekly oscillation over the Asian summer monsoon region." Journal of Meteorological Research 31, no. 2 (April 2017): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13351-017-6131-5.

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19

Gao, Miaoni, Jing Yang, Bin Wang, Siyuan Zhou, Daoyi Gong, and Seong-Joong Kim. "How are heat waves over Yangtze River valley associated with atmospheric quasi-biweekly oscillation?" Climate Dynamics 51, no. 11-12 (February 7, 2017): 4421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3526-z.

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20

Xia, Yicong, Suxiang Yao, Tianle Sun, and Ziyi Guo. "Role of the Low-Latitude Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation in the Extreme Persistent Heavy Rainfall in the Mei-Yu Season over the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River." Journal of Climate 36, no. 11 (June 1, 2023): 3817–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-22-0343.1.

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Abstract Persistent heavy rainfall events (PHREs), as a result of the interaction among multiscale systems, are prone to continuously affect the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley (MLYR). Based on the observation and reanalysis data, a total of 41 PHREs during the mei-yu seasons of 1979–2020 are first identified over the MLYR and divided into prolonged (over 5 days) and normal (3–5 days) groups. The contributions of quasi-biweekly-scale and synoptic-scale components to the abovementioned two types of PHREs are analyzed. Prolonged PHREs are dominated by the quasi-biweekly component of precipitation (QBW_Pr), while normal PHREs depend on synoptic-scale components (SS_Pr). The quantitative moisture budget indicates that the favorable environment for the QBW_Pr of prolonged PHREs is associated with the interaction between background moisture and quasi-biweekly circulation disturbances. Approximately 80% of prolonged PHREs occurred in phases 6–8 of the boreal summer QBWO (BSISO2) life cycle. The large-scale meridional vertical circulation along the South China Sea (SCS)–MLYR, and the westward-propagating suppressed convection at low latitudes, accompanied by the substantial northward and upward moisture supply, significantly promotes and maintains the QBW_Pr for prolonged PHREs. In contrast, the QBWO signals are relatively insignificant in the evolution of normal PHREs. The impact of the low-latitude QBWO on the prolonged PHREs is further confirmed by sensitivity experiments with RegCM4.9. As the QBWO are weakened on the southeast lateral boundary near the SCS, the vertical circulation and moisture transport clearly diminish along the SCS–MLYR. Consequentially, precipitation reduces visibly during prolonged PHREs. Significance Statement Persistent heavy rainfall events (PHREs), as the reflection of the interaction among multiscale circulation systems, characterized by high intensity and wide coverage, are prone to cause severe flooding and death in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley (MLYR). This study aims to investigate the connection between PHREs and different time scales of atmospheric variability, thus elucidating the crucial factors and the influencing mechanisms for the prolonged PHREs during the mei-yu season. Our results reveal that the prolonged PHREs are dominated by the quasi-biweekly component of precipitation, while normal PHREs depend on the synoptic-scale component. The quasi-biweekly precipitation of prolonged PHREs is promoted and maintained by the meridional vertical circulation along the South China Sea (SCS)–MLYR, which is accompanied by the westward-propagating SCS QBWO-related suppressed convection at low latitudes. This study highlights the specific role of the low-latitude QBWO to the formation of prolonged PHREs relative to normal PHREs.

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21

Qian, Yitian, Pang-Chi Hsu, and Kikuchi Kazuyoshi. "New real-time indices for the quasi-biweekly oscillation over the Asian summer monsoon region." Climate Dynamics 53, no. 5-6 (January 31, 2019): 2603–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04644-0.

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22

Wang, Meirong, and Anmin Duan. "Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Link with the Asian Summer Monsoon*." Journal of Climate 28, no. 12 (June 11, 2015): 4921–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00658.1.

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Abstract Intraseasonal variation (ISV) is especially prominent and unique in the Asian summer monsoon region. In this work, the dominant ISV mode over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in the summer monsoon season (June–August), together with its structure and evolution, is identified using station observations, Global Precipitation Climatology Project precipitation data, and ERA-Interim during 1979–2011. Results indicate that quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) is the dominant mode of ISV over the TP and is significant in terms of the circulation, precipitation, and diabatic heating fields. In particular, the QBWO is closely related to the onset and active/break phases of the TP summer monsoon. In most cases, the QBWO originates from the equatorial western Pacific and first propagates northwestward to the Bay of Bengal and northern India, then northward to the southeastern TP, and finally eastward to the East Asian area, showing a clockwise propagation pathway. Two main mechanisms are responsible for the northward propagation of the QBWO signals. The first, in operation when the QBWO signals are located to the south of 20°N, is the generation of barotropic vorticity induced by the easterly vertical shear, leading to the northward movement of the convection. The second mechanism, responsible for the propagation taking place farther north toward the TP, is a moisture advection effect that destabilizes the lower atmosphere ahead of the convection. Further analyses suggest that the QBWO plays a role in linking the ISV of the different subsystems of the Asian summer monsoon as a macroscale monsoon system.

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23

Wang, Xu, and Guanghua Chen. "Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation over the South China Sea in Late Summer: Propagation Dynamics and Energetics." Journal of Climate 30, no. 11 (May 4, 2017): 4103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0533.1.

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Abstract The propagation dynamics and energetics of the quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) over the South China Sea (SCS) in late summer [August–September (AS)] are investigated in this study. The QBWO originates from east of the Philippines and has a northwestward propagation. After arriving to the east of the SCS, the QBWO shifts to a westward migration and dominates over the SCS. The analyses of the vorticity budget suggest that the meridional wind anomaly could control the spatial migration of the vorticity anomaly through the β-effect term and further influences the movement of the convection anomaly. It implies that the meridional wind is a crucial factor to drive the propagation of the QBWO. The energetics of the QBWO is investigated to understand the maintenance of the QBWO, which indicates that the convection anomaly could affect the circulation anomaly through the energy conversions to maintain the QBWO.

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24

Zhen, Shi, and Ding Rui-Qiang. "Estimating the Predictability of the Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation Using the Nonlinear Local Lyapunov Exponent Approach." Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 5, no. 5 (January 2012): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16742834.2012.11447023.

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25

Zhao, Haikun, Graciela B. Raga, and Philip J. Klotzbach. "Impact of the boreal summer quasi-biweekly oscillation on Eastern North Pacific tropical cyclone activity." International Journal of Climatology 38, no. 3 (August 29, 2017): 1353–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.5250.

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26

Zhou, Haoyu, Pang-Chi Hsu, and Yitian Qian. "Close linkage between quasi-biweekly oscillation and tropical cyclone intensification over the western North Pacific." Atmospheric Science Letters 19, no. 7 (July 2018): e826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asl.826.

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27

Wen, Min, and Renhe Zhang. "Role of the quasi-biweekly oscillation in the onset of convection over the Indochina Peninsula." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 133, no. 623 (January 2007): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.38.

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28

Li, Lun, Renhe Zhang, Min Wen, and Junmei Lü. "Effect of the atmospheric quasi-biweekly oscillation on the vortices moving off the Tibetan Plateau." Climate Dynamics 50, no. 3-4 (April 5, 2017): 1193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3672-3.

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29

Dong, Zizhen, Lin Wang, Ruowen Yang, Jie Cao, and Peng Hu. "Impact of Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation on Southeast Asian Cold Surge Rainfall Monitored by TRMM Satellite Observation." Remote Sensing 14, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 5200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14205200.

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Based on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite observation and ERA5 re-analysis dataset, this paper studies the influence of the northwestward-propagating quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) over the western North Pacific on cold surge rainfall (CSR) over Southeast Asia. Cold surges are the most important driver affecting Southeast Asian rainfall on a synoptic scale. The presence of the QBWO during phases 6–8, in which the associated active convection coupling with a cyclonic circulation reaches Southeast Asia, provides a favorable environment for the increase of CSR. The increase in CSR primarily occurs east of the Philippines, leading to a high likelihood of triggering extreme rainfall. The effects from the QBWO are independent of those from the active MJO phases over Southeast Asia. Additionally, cold surge activity could also be influenced by the QBWO. An examination of the QBWO and MJO indicates that the most preferred phases for the occurrence of cold surges are the time when phase 1 of the QBWO co-exists with phase 7 of the MJO or the time when phase 7 of the QBWO couples with phase 5 of the MJO. Accordingly, about 40% of the total cold surge days would fall in either combination.

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30

Wen, Min, and Renhe Zhang. "Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation of the Convection around Sumatra and Low-Level Tropical Circulation in Boreal Spring." Monthly Weather Review 136, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007mwr1991.1.

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Abstract The quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) of the tropical convection around Sumatra and its relation to the low-level circulation over the tropical Indian Ocean in boreal spring is investigated. From March to May, the convection over northern Sumatra increases continuously and oscillates with a pronounced period of 10–20 days. Time-lag cross correlations among the QBWOs of the convection, the apparent heat source, and winds in the lower troposphere reveal a possible mechanism of QBWO maintenance. In the strongest phase of the QBWO of the convection around Sumatra, there is an anomalous convective heating symmetric about the equator. The atmospheric Rossby wave response to the heating produces twin cyclones straddling the equator in the west of the convection area. The development of the twin cyclones induces an anomalous southerly north of the equator and a northerly south of the equator at 850 hPa, giving rise to the divergence of the low-level wind field, which weakens the convection around Sumatra. The weakening of the convection leads to the negative phase of convection. In the weakest phase, the Rossby wave response to the anomalous convective cooling produces twin anticyclones symmetric about the equator, resulting in the convergence of the low-level winds and, in turn, enhancing the convection around Sumatra. Consequently, the feedbacks among convection, the Rossby wave response, and the associated wind field at the lower troposphere may be important maintenance mechanisms of the tropical QBWO. The appearance of a tropical westerly is a crucial index of the Asian summer monsoon onset. In the northern equatorial region, the westerly first occurs just to the west of Sumatra, and then extends westward in boreal spring. The westerly around the equator associated with the Rossby wave response to the convective heating of the QBWO of the convection around Sumatra displays a notable intraseasonal feature, which may play an important role in modulating the process of the Asian summer monsoon onset.

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31

Yang, Shuangyan, and Tim Li. "Cause for quasi-biweekly oscillation of zonal location of western Pacific subtropical high during boreal summer." Atmospheric Research 245 (November 2020): 105079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105079.

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32

Wen, Min, Tim Li, Renhe Zhang, and Yanjun Qi. "Structure and Origin of the Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation over the Tropical Indian Ocean in Boreal Spring." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 1965–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3105.1.

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Abstract The structure and evolution features of the quasi-biweekly (10–20 day) oscillation (QBWO) in boreal spring over the tropical Indian Ocean (IO) are investigated using 27-yr daily outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and the National Centers for Environment Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) reanalysis data. It is found that a convective disturbance is initiated over the western IO and moves slowly eastward. After passing the central IO, it abruptly jumps into the eastern IO. Meanwhile, the preexisting suppressed convective anomaly in the eastern IO moves poleward in the form of double-cell Rossby gyres. The analysis of vertical circulation shows that a few days prior to the onset of local convection in the eastern equatorial IO an ascending motion appears in the boundary layer. Based on the diagnosis of the zonal momentum equation, a possible boundary layer–triggering mechanism over the eastern equatorial IO is proposed. The cause of the boundary layer convergence and vertical motion is attributed to the free-atmospheric divergence in association with the development of the barotropic wind. It is the downward transport of the background mean easterly momentum by perturbation vertical motion during the suppressed convective phase of the QBWO that leads to the generation of a barotropic easterly—the latter of which further causes the free-atmospheric divergence and, thus, the boundary layer convergence. The result suggests that the local process, rather than the eastward propagation of the disturbance from the western IO, is essential for the phase transition of the QBWO convection over the eastern equatorial IO.

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33

Wang, Xu, Guanghua Chen, and Ronghui Huang. "Different characteristics of the quasi-biweekly oscillation over the South China Sea in two boreal summer stages." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 126, no. 1-2 (July 11, 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-015-1550-7.

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34

Jia, Xiaolong, Song Yang, Xun Li, Yunyun Liu, Hui Wang, Xiangwen Liu, and Scott Weaver. "Prediction of global patterns of dominant quasi-biweekly oscillation by the NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2." Climate Dynamics 41, no. 5-6 (July 25, 2013): 1635–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1877-7.

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35

Han, Xiang, Haikun Zhao, Xun Li, Graciela B. Raga, Chao Wang, and Qingqing Li. "Modulation of boreal extended summer tropical cyclogenesis over the northwest Pacific by the quasi‐biweekly oscillation under different El Niño‐southern oscillation phases." International Journal of Climatology 40, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 858–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.6244.

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36

Shi, Yanping, Yan Du, Zesheng Chen, and Chunzai Wang. "Impact of the quasi-biweekly oscillation on the super typhoon tracks in winter over the western North Pacific." Climate Dynamics 53, no. 1-2 (January 29, 2019): 793–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04614-6.

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37

Xu, Zhiqing, Tim Li, and Ke Fan. "The Weakened Intensity of the Atmospheric Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation over the Western North Pacific during Late Summer around the Late 1990s." Journal of Climate 30, no. 24 (December 2017): 9807–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0759.1.

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The interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) shifted to a negative phase around the late 1990s. Its impact on the atmospheric quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) intensity over the western North Pacific (WNP) during late summer was investigated. Corresponding to the phase transition of the IPO, La Niña–like SST anomalies and an enhanced Walker circulation appeared in the tropical Pacific, which led to decreased precipitation over the equatorial central and eastern Pacific. The decreased precipitation induced a Gill response with an anomalous anticyclone (cyclone) in the lower (upper) troposphere over the WNP. This resulted in anomalous background westerly vertical shear over the tropical WNP. Furthermore, the anomalous anticyclone induced anomalous horizontal divergence and descent motion in the planetary boundary layer, which led to decreased background surface moisture over the tropical WNP. These changes in background atmospheric conditions suppressed the development of QBWO perturbations over the tropical WNP. Therefore, the QBWO intensity weakened over the WNP after the late 1990s. The composite evolution of QBWO events before and after the late 1990s confirm the interdecadal change of the QBWO intensity. A simple model was employed to understand the relative role of the background moisture and vertical shear changes in modulating the QBWO activity. The result shows that the moisture change plays a more important role than the vertical shear change in weakening the QBWO intensity.

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38

Ling, Zheng, Yuqing Wang, and Guihua Wang. "Impact of Intraseasonal Oscillations on the Activity of Tropical Cyclones in Summer over the South China Sea. Part I: Local Tropical Cyclones." Journal of Climate 29, no. 2 (January 13, 2016): 855–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0617.1.

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Abstract The South China Sea (SCS) is affected by two intraseasonal components in summer: the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and the quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO). In the present study, the impacts of the MJO and QBWO on tropical cyclones (TCs) locally formed in the SCS (local TCs) in summer are investigated. The results show that both the MJO and QBWO can affect the genesis frequency, location, and motion of the local TCs. More TCs form in the convectively active phases of the MJO and QBWO in the northern SCS. With the northward propagation of the MJO and QBWO convective signals, the major TC genesis location also shifts northward. Since the western Pacific subtropical high shifts eastward (westward) when convection associated with the MJO and QBWO in the northern SCS is enhanced (suppressed), the steering flow in the major TC genesis region is favorable for the eastward (westward) movement of TCs. Results from the composite analysis of the steering flow indicate that both the MJO and QBWO play an important role in controlling the motion of the eastward-moving TCs.

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39

Liu, Jiajun, Wenyu Huang, and Qiang Zhang. "The quasi-biweekly oscillation of eastern China PM2.5 in response to different Rossby wave trains over the Eurasian continent." Atmospheric Research 267 (April 2022): 105990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105990.

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40

Yan, Xin, Song Yang, Teng Wang, Eric D. Maloney, Shaorou Dong, Wei Wei, and Shan He. "Quasi-biweekly oscillation of the Asian monsoon rainfall in late summer and autumn: different types of structure and propagation." Climate Dynamics 53, no. 11 (August 26, 2019): 6611–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04946-3.

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41

Zhong, Shanshan, Qiao Jia, Zhiwei Zhu, and Xinchang Zhang. "Two Propagation Pathways of the Boreal Summer Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation of the Atmospheric Heat Source Over the Tibetan Plateau." Atmosphere-Ocean 58, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 60–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2020.1730297.

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42

Jia, Xiaolong, and Song Yang. "Impact of the quasi-biweekly oscillation over the western North Pacific on East Asian subtropical monsoon during early summer." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 118, no. 10 (May 27, 2013): 4421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50422.

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43

Zheng, Bin, and Yanyan Huang. "Mechanisms of Meridional-Propagating High-Frequency Intraseasonal Oscillation Associated with a Persistent Rainfall over South China." Monthly Weather Review 146, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 1475–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-17-0260.1.

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Abstract The present study divides the intraseasonal variations into high-frequency intraseasonal oscillation (HF-ISO) with a 5–20-day period and low-frequency ISO (LF-ISO) with a 30–60-day period. Here, defined HF-ISO is heavily different from some previous work, because, over south China, persistent rainfall (PR) is not only related to the quasi-biweekly oscillation (10–20-day period), but also connected with the quasi-weekly oscillation (5–10-day period). Associated with a PR over south China during the first half of June 2016 (PR1606), the propagating components of the convections are largely attributed to the HF-ISOs. Moreover, both southward- and northward-propagating HF-ISOs are found in this case. Over southern China, the moisture advection dominated by anomalous flow and mean water vapor plays an important role in the southward propagation of the HF-ISO, and the cloud–radiation effect may be also, at least partially, responsible for the southward shift of the associated convective zone. Nevertheless, two other possible mechanisms are introduced to explain the cause of the northward propagation of the HF-ISO over southern China during the PR1606 period. The first is the vorticity advection, which is a dominant factor. The second mechanism is the wind–evaporation effect that plays a minor role. Over the South China Sea, the northward propagation of the HF-ISO is mainly attributed to the vertical wind shear effect and the vorticity advection effect, and the latter is relatively more important than the former in this case. The moisture advection is a supplementary effect caused by inducing a weak positive moisture tendency north of the convection center.

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44

Li, Richard C. Y., and Wen Zhou. "Modulation of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity by the ISO. Part I: Genesis and Intensity." Journal of Climate 26, no. 9 (April 26, 2013): 2904–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00210.1.

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Abstract This study investigates the intraseasonal variability of tropical cyclones (TCs) by systematically examining the two major components of the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO), the 30–60-day Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and the 10–20-day quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO). Results suggest that these two ISO modes exhibit different origins, spatial scales, and propagation characteristics, which result in distinctive TC modulation in the western North Pacific Ocean (WNP). The northeastward-propagating MJO predominantly controls the basinwide TC frequency. The significant increase (reduction) in cyclogenesis in the convective (nonconvective) phase is found to be associated with the concomitant strengthening (weakening) of the monsoon trough. In addition, the large contrast in TC frequency also results in a significant difference in daily accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) between the convective and nonconvective MJO phases. The northwestward-propagating QBWO, in contrast, is characterized by alternating signals of positive and negative convection. It leads to the opposite TC modulation in the WNP1 (0°–30°N, 120°–150°E) and WNP2 (0°–30°N, 150°E–180°) regions and results in a northwestward shift in TC genesis locations, which in turn causes substantial differences in intensity distribution and daily ACE for different QBWO phases. Finally, a brief examination of the dual mode situation suggests that the QBWO generally exerts modulation upon the background MJO, and the modulation seems to vary under different MJO conditions.

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45

Li, Richard C. Y., and Wen Zhou. "Modulation of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity by the ISO. Part II: Tracks and Landfalls." Journal of Climate 26, no. 9 (April 26, 2013): 2919–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00211.1.

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Abstract This study investigates how tropical cyclone (TC) tracks and landfalls are modulated by the two major components of the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO), the 30–60-day Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and the 10–20-day quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO). In the convective phases of the MJO (phases 7 + 8 and 1 + 2), the western North Pacific Ocean (WNP) is mainly clustered with westward- and northwestward-moving TCs. The strong easterlies (southeasterlies) in the southern flank of the subtropical high lead to an increase in TC activity and landfalls in the Philippines and Vietnam (China and Japan) in phase 7 + 8 (phase 1 + 2). In the nonconvective phases (phases 3 + 4 and 5 + 6), TCs change from the original straight-moving type to the recurving type, such that the tendency for landfalls is significantly reduced. The QBWO, on the other hand, has a significant influence on TC landfalls in the Philippines and Japan. The strengthening of the subtropical high in phase 1 + 2 favors the development of westward-moving TCs and results in an increase in landfalls in the Philippines, while in phase 3 + 4 (phase 5 + 6), there is an increase (decrease) in TC activity and landfalls in Japan because of changes in genesis locations and large-scale circulations. The results herein suggest that both the MJO and QBWO exert distinctive impacts on TCs in the WNP.

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46

Yang, Yang, Kuiping Li, Weidong Yu, Yongcan Zu, and Lin Liu. "Modulation of observed sea surface temperature variation by the quasi‐biweekly oscillation in the tropical western Pacific during boreal summer." International Journal of Climatology 42, no. 5 (October 21, 2021): 3173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.7413.

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47

Li, Lun, Renhe Zhang, and Min Wen. "Modulation of the atmospheric quasi-biweekly oscillation on the diurnal variation of the occurrence frequency of the Tibetan Plateau vortices." Climate Dynamics 50, no. 11-12 (September 9, 2017): 4507–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3887-3.

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48

Gao, Libo, Tijian Wang, Xuejuan Ren, Bingliang Zhuang, Shu Li, Ruan Yao, and Xiu-Qun Yang. "Impact of atmospheric quasi-biweekly oscillation on the persistent heavy PM2.5 pollution over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China during winter." Atmospheric Research 242 (September 2020): 105017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105017.

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49

Xu, Zhiqing, Ke Fan, and Huijun Wang. "Springtime Convective Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation and Interannual Variation of Its Intensity over the South China Sea and Western North Pacific." Journal of Meteorological Research 33, no. 2 (April 2019): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13351-019-8167-1.

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50

Wei, Wei, Renhe Zhang, Song Yang, Wenhong Li, and Min Wen. "Quasi‐Biweekly Oscillation of the South Asian High and Its Role in Connecting the Indian and East Asian Summer Rainfalls." Geophysical Research Letters 46, no. 24 (December 20, 2019): 14742–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019gl086180.

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