Дисертації з теми "Quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD)"
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Vine, David John. "New quantitative methods in analyser-based phase contrast X-ray imaging." Monash University. Faculty of Science. School of Physics, 2008. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/57830.
Повний текст джерелаLoveridge, Andrew. "Quantitative analysis of shock propagation in crystals by use of time resolved x-ray diffraction." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249492.
Повний текст джерелаOLIVEIRA, TEREZINHA FERREIRA DE. "ANALYSIS OF THE UNCERTAINTIES OF THE QUANTITATIVE PHASE ANALYSIS BY X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION BASED ON THE RIETVELD METHOD." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=6377@1.
Повний текст джерелаUNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA
A análise de sistemas de medição consiste do exame da adequação do sistema quanto ao operador, ao instrumento e a outras fontes de variação, bem como da comparação da variância do erro de medição com a variância natural do processo. Nesse aspecto, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo a análise das incertezas da quantificação de fase pelo método de Rietveld em análise de pó. Os efeitos de vários fatores na quantificação de fase foram avaliados utilizando técnicas estatísticas de planejamento experimental e de análise multivariada, com a utilização de materiais de alto nível de rastreabilidade na realização dos experimentos, no Laboratório de difração de raios X do Departamento de Ciências de Materiais e Metalurgia da PUC-Rio. Através da determinação do construto de variação do processo, constatou-se que a quantificação das fases analisadas sofre influência das condições de medição de forma diferenciada de material para material, impossibilitando a obtenção de uma fórmula geral para cálculo dos erros de quantificação, embora os erros possam ser determinados por uma análise de repetitividade e reprodutibilidade apropriadamente conduzida.
The analysis of measurement systems is done by the examination of the adequacy of the system according to the operator, the instrument and other sources of variability, as well as by the comparison of the measurement error variance with the natural process variance. This research consisted in the evaluation of the uncertainties of phase quantification in powder analysis by the Rietveld method. The evaluation of the effects of several factors on the phase quantification was performed using statistical techniques of design of experiments and of multivariate analysis, with the use of materials of high level of traceability for the conduction of the experiments, in the Laboratory of X-ray Diffraction of the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. Through the determination of the variational structure of the process it was verified that the analyzed phases suffer influence of the measurement conditions in a differentiated way, which prevents the obtention of a general formula for calculation of the quantification error, although the errors can be determined by a repeatability and reproducibility analysis properly conducted.
Fawad, Salman Kohar. "Quantitative analysis of multi-phase systems -steels with mixture of ferrite and austenite." Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2681.
Повний текст джерелаThe goal of this work has been to evaluate the different experimental techniques used for quantitative analysis of multi-phase materials systems.
Powder based specimens containing two-phases, austenite and ferrite , were fabricated and quantified. The volume fraction of ferrite varied from 2 Vol% to 50 Vol%.
X ray powder diffraction (XRD) measurements were based on two peak analysis. Computer based software Topas was used for quantitative analysis, which is believed to be the most advanced in this field. XRD results were found within the absolute limit of +/- 4% of given ferrite volume fraction. Volume fraction as low as 2 Vol% was successfully detected and quantified using XRD. However, high statistical error was observed in case of low volume fraction, such as 2 Vol% and 5 Vol% ferrite volume fraction.
Magnetic balance (MB) measurements were performed to determine the volume fraction of magnetic phase, ferrite. MB results were found in good agreement with given volume fractions. As low as 2 Vol% volume fraction was detected and quantified with MB. MB results were within the absolute limit of +/- 4% of given ferrite volume fraction.
Image analysis (IA) was performed after proper sample preparation as required by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) mode of Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). IM results were found within the absolute limit of +/- 2 % of given ferrite volume fraction. However, high statistical error was observed in case of 2 Vol% volume fraction.
Ugbo, Justin Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "A new model for evaluating water saturation in shaly sand reservoirs using quantitative x-ray diffraction and cation exchange capacity cliff head field, Western Australia." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Petroleum Engineering, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40443.
Повний текст джерелаBarhli, Selim Matthias. "Advanced quantitative analysis of crack fields, observed by 2D and 3D image correlation, volume correlation and diffraction mapping." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d6240241-8a1e-4a8e-aff0-4a2ef14b0da7.
Повний текст джерелаGay, Marine. "Développement de nouvelles procédures quantitatives pour une meilleure compréhension des pigments et des parois des grottes ornées préhistoriques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066236/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present study is a physicochemical research as well as a methodological work, carried out through the study of three Palaeolithic caves by X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction. The analytical complexity behind in situ and non-invasive study of rock art, has guided our reflexion about the development of quantitative procedures of data processing, in order to adjust them appropriately to the specificity of the site and its rock art (specific constitution of the analysed pigment and conservation condition of the ornamented wall). This complexity is due to the fact that pigment layers don’t cover uniformly the rock surface. Also, the layers are generally very thin. For this reason, in the pigment signal, the proportion of the physicochemical information specific to the substrate is very high.Three approaches have been tested in the caves of Rouffignac, Font-de-Gaume and La Garma to characterise their Palaeolithic rock art. The two first are located in the Périgord region in the south-west of France, the last one in the Cantabrian region of Spain. One is related to the semi-quantification of oxides which discriminate the pigment from the substrate, allowing to not taking account experimental condition parameters; the second is a semi-quantification related to Ca, in order that the contribution in the concentration of the substrate detected through the paint layer remains the same for each measurement point; the last one is based on a Monte Carlo simulations method to separate distinctly the pigment information to those from the wall. These quantitative approaches enhanced the stylistic knowledge of archaeologists, bringing new physicochemical insights into the organisation of the representations and their relationship with the others inside the cave. Also, this work is concerned by the karstic environment; incorporating a research on wall taphonomy to the pigment study. The aim is to access to a better appreciation of the pigment-wall interactions and their evolution during time, given their global environmental context
FERNANDES, ALBERTO de A. "Síntese de zeolitas e wolastonita a partir da cinza da casca do arroz." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11429.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:08:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Ratier, Alexis. "Détermination de l'historique de chargement d'une pièce rompue ou fissurée en service." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4008.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of the thesis is to determine the loading history of a broken or cracked piece in service, by analysing the cracking surfaces. For failure analyses, the issues are to define the role of the loading in the failure and to determine the fraction of lifespan reached when the crack is detected. An additional issue is to expand the in-service loadings database. The component chosen for this study is the railway axle. Thus, the studied stress is in alternate bending and the considered materials are the steels A4T (25CrMo4) and A1N (C40). Following a bibliographic review, four methods for quantitative analysis of cracking surfaces were targeted and tested, two of which were selected and developed. The first one is based on the quantification of fractographic features (fatigue striations, dimples, secondary cracks...). The second is based on the in-depth analysis of the residual stresses (X-ray fractography) to determine the thickness of plasticized material below the fracture surface. This depth corresponds to the plastic wake induced by the crack propagation and is a function of the sought loading
Gobbo, Luciano de Andrade. "Os compostos do clínquer Portland: sua caracterização por difração de raios-X e quantificação por refinamento de Rietveld." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44133/tde-09102003-112552/.
Повний текст джерелаThe project has focused on the application of X-ray diffraction (XRD) on the characterization and quantification of the Portland cement clinker crystalline compounds using the Rietveld method. The present research represents a pioneer scientific contribution on the theme in Brazil. Overall forty clinker samples from five distinct kiln lines were collected for analysis aiming to get a broad representativeness of various cement process parameters. Portland cement clinker is the sintered and pelletized product from calcination of an adequate mix of limestone and clay and minor corrective materials. The metastable Portland clinker compounds are subdivided into three main groups: calcium silicates (C3S and C2S), matrix (C4AF, C3A, C12A7) and minor components as periclase, free lime and sulfates. The proportioning of these phases are important parameters to the industry clinkering process. The Rietveld XRD method is based on the simulation of the whole diffraction spectrum from the components structural data, allowing for refining instrumental and crystallographic parameters. By comparing the calculated and actual diffractograms and minimizing differences mathematically through a least squares method quantitative values are obtained. The Rietveld XRD has shown to be a high reproducible quantification technique, with technical and logistics advantages in comparison to the more usual microscopy and Bogue potential calculation. Additional analytical techniques have given reference data to compare quantitative results obtained from Rietveld XRD and to correlate characteristics of the compounds with their diffractogram profile. Optical microscopy was the most relevant technique for comparison both qualitative and quantitatively. Scanning electronic microscopy - energy dispersive system has allowed recognition of phases that could not otherwise be identified by optical microscopy, like C12A7 and sulfates. Selective dissolution of silicates carried out in order to concentrate matrix compounds sustained the quantitative results of C3A polimorphs found by Rietveld XRD. Rietveld has shown coherent results with both microscopy and Bogue potential calculation, but additionnally made it possible quantifying other compounds like C12A7 and sulfates, as well as distinguishing C3A polimorphs. The significant time saving and subjectivity minimization it provides makes up key-factors for the cement industry needs.
FRANCO, EGBERTO G. "Desenvolvimento de novos eletrocatalisadores para celulas a combustivel a membrana polimerica trocadora de protons." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11208.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Intituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN-SP
Jansen, Daniel [Verfasser], and Friedlinde [Akademischer Betreuer] Götz-Neunhoeffer. "The hydration of an Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and the influence of selected polymers : a mineralogical study using an external standard method for quantitative X-ray diffraction = Die Hydratation eines Portlandzementes und der Einfluss ausgewählter Polymere/ Daniel Jansen. Betreuer: Friedlinde Götz-Neunhoeffer." Erlangen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018308970/34.
Повний текст джерелаRussell, George 1983. "Detection and Quantification of Expansive Clay Minerals in Geologically-Diverse Texas Aggregate Fines." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148418.
Повний текст джерелаTANG, MAO-ZHU, and 湯茂竹. "Quantitative determination of X-ray reflection phases using multiple diffraction." Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47151634423827349686.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Huang-Yeh, and 陳皇曄. "Quantitative Analysis on Biomedical Materials of Calcium Phosphate by Powder X-Ray Diffraction." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9ew3e3.
Повний текст джерела國立臺北科技大學
有機高分子研究所
101
Calcium phosphates have been extensively used for dental and orthopedic surgical applications due to the biodegradability in human being. It was found that a suitable mixing ratio between β–TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)3) and HA (hydroxyapatite, Ca5(PO4)3(OH)) is important for the biodegradable bone replacement. In general, β–TCP is synthesized by the decomposition of other calcium phosphate phases such as HA at temperature higher than 800 ℃. Consequently, how to determine the ratio between β–TCP and HA is an important issue on characterization methods. Recently, reference intensity ratio (RIR) method is used for quantification under the comparison with standard reference, but it ignores the peak broadening effect. Rietveld refinement has been widely used in multiphase quantification for many years due to less susceptible on primary extinction effects and minor amounts of preferred orientation. In addition, the advantages of this technique over traditional quantitative analysis methods include the determination of precise cell constants, the approximation of chemical compositions, the potential for the correction of preferred orientation, and microabsorption effects. Therefore, the characterizations of these structures and their quantities by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscopy (IR), and Rietveld refinement in such biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) system are the major work in this study. In the single phase study of HA, β–TCP(sintered), and β–TCP’(unsintered), the Raman spectroscopy can be used to distinguished between β–TCP and β–TCP’ based on the symmetric stretching frequency (?1) of PO4 around 968 cm-1, and XRD can be used to differentiate between HA and β–TCP. However, there are no significant differences on the vibrational frequency of PO4 around 1026 cm-1 in IR spectra. In the quantification of mixing ratio between HA and β–TCP, the best strategy is to apply Rietveld refinement on high resolution powder XRD data. However, for the convenience on the application of industry, the area ratio between reflection (2 0 -10) of β–TCP and reflection (1 2 1) of HA could be used to get the rough results.
Matjie, Ratale Henry. "Sintering and slagging of mineral matter in South African coals during the coal gasification process." Thesis, 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11112008-125913.
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