Статті в журналах: "Quantitative outcome measures"

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Miller, Harold L. "Quantitative analyses of student outcome measures." International Journal of Educational Research 27, no. 2 (January 1997): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0883-0355(97)90028-8.

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Jacobson, Gary P. "Quantitative Measures of Dynamic Head Movements As Outcome Measures for Vestibular Rehabilitation." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 29, no. 01 (January 2018): 004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.29.1.1.

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Zimmerman, Kathleen N., James E. Pustejovsky, Jennifer R. Ledford, Erin E. Barton, Katherine E. Severini, and Blair P. Lloyd. "Single-case synthesis tools II: Comparing quantitative outcome measures." Research in Developmental Disabilities 79 (August 2018): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2018.02.001.

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Welch, Jan. "Measures and meanings: outcome measures in the management of sexually transmitted infections." International Journal of STD & AIDS 8, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 747–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462971919200.

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Summary: Applicable outcome measures in genitourinary medicine (GUM) include compliance with clinical standards of care, symptom control, cure rates of infections, decreased incidence of infections, lack of complications, increase in patients' knowledge or satisfaction, and number of partners treated. Measuring these may be easy in the short-term but result in information of limited usefulness. Longer-term outcomes may be more meaningful, but harder-or impossible-to obtain. Some outcome measures are affected by case mix, so differences between patients may be as much as or more relevant than the care received. Quantitative and qualitative measurements of patient satisfaction are straightforward to obtain and essential in examining care delivery, but may be unrelated to desired clinical outcomes for individuals or populations. Compliance with clinical standards is easy to measure, relatively independent of case mix, and useful if standards are evidence-based and validated. The role and applicability of outcome measures are discussed.

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Coult, Jason, Lawrence Sherman, Heemun Kwok, Jennifer Blackwood, Peter J. Kudenchuk, and Thomas D. Rea. "Short ECG segments predict defibrillation outcome using quantitative waveform measures." Resuscitation 109 (December 2016): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.09.020.

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Magallanes, Christian David. "Short ECG Segments Predict Defibrillation Outcome Using Quantitative Waveform Measures." Journal of Emergency Medicine 52, no. 2 (February 2017): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.12.028.

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Niemann, James T. "Quantitative measures of the ventricular fibrillation waveform and resuscitation outcome*." Critical Care Medicine 38, no. 12 (December 2010): 2416–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181fd6724.

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Field, John, and Greg Ruthenbeck. "Qualitative and Quantitative Radiological Measures of Fracture Healing." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 31, no. 01 (2018): 001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-17-03-0042.

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The formulation of appropriate postoperative strategies, following fracture repair, currently involves an understanding of radiological and clinical outcome measures. This study has evaluated several modalities used to assess the progression of bone healing in a sheep tibial segmental defect model. Measures of defect optical density and volumetric data including bone density (BD), bone volume (BV) and bone mass (BM) were compared with qualitative data involving visual appraisal of radiographs [% bridging callus and modified radiographic union score tibia (mRUST)] and a clinical outcome measure (locomotory function). Percent bridging callus and mRUST measures displayed strong correlation (r = 0.999), while locomotory function was weakly correlated with bridging callus (r = 0.029) and mRUST (r = 0.046). There was moderate to strong correlation between the qualitative and quantitative data. Bone density, BV and BM showed strong correlations within this dataset (BD–BV, r = 0.814; BD–BM, r = 0.818; BV–BM, r = 1.000). Likewise, optical density measures were strongly correlated with BD (r = 0.824), BV (r = 0.957) and BM (r = 0.959). The utilization of both qualitative and quantitative data, in assessment of the progression of fracture healing, has provided valuable insight. Measures of optical density have been shown to make a substantial contribution to this assessment and which should be considered for use in studies evaluating fracture healing.

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Murphy, Ralph N. A., Heba Elsayed, Sahiba Singh, Jo Dumville, Jason K. F. Wong, and Adam J. Reid. "A Quantitative Systematic Review of Clinical Outcome Measure Use in Peripheral Nerve Injury of the Upper Limb." Neurosurgery 89, no. 1 (March 8, 2021): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyab060.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is common, leading to reduced function, pain, and psychological impact. Treatment has not progressed partly due to inability to compare outcomes between centers managing PNI. Numerous outcome measures exist but there is no consensus on which outcome measures to use nor when. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review in order to describe and classify outcome measures used in PNI. METHODS A search of Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), and CENTRAL (Cochrane Clinical Trials) was conducted. Randomized control trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and case-controlled and case series (≥5 participants) published from inception of the database until 2019 investigating adult patients with a traumatic upper limb PNI in which an outcome measurement was utilized were included. RESULTS A total of 96 studies were included (15 RCTs, 8 case-control studies, 18 cohort studies, 5 observational studies, and the remainder were case series or retrospective reviews). A total of 56 individual outcome measures were identified, utilized across 28 different countries and 7097 patients. Ten core domains were defined: sensory subjective, sensory objective, motor subjective, motor objective, sensorimotor function, psychology and well-being, disability, quality of life, pain and discomfort, and neurotrophic measures. CONCLUSION Lack of consensus on outcome measure use hinders comparison of outcomes between nerve injury centers and the development of novel treatments. Development of a core outcome set will help standardize outcome reporting, improve translation of novel treatments from lab to clinical practice, and ensure future research in PNI is more amenable to systematic review and meta-analysis.

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Keyes, Carly, and Jasmine Elder-Vass. "Young people’s experiences of outcome measures in a CAMHS clinic." Clinical Psychology Forum 1, no. 310 (October 2018): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2018.1.310.18.

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This evaluation explored the experiences of service users of a child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS) of using routine outcome measures (ROMS). Qualitative and quantitative results are presented.

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Lansdown, Drew A., Kevin Wang, Eric Cotter, Annabelle Davey, and Brian J. Cole. "Relationship Between Quantitative MRI Biomarkers and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures After Cartilage Repair Surgery: A Systematic Review." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 4 (April 1, 2018): 232596711876544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118765448.

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Background: Treatment of articular cartilage injuries remains a clinical challenge, and the optimal tools to monitor and predict clinical outcomes are unclear. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) allows for a noninvasive biochemical evaluation of cartilage and may offer advantages in monitoring outcomes after cartilage repair surgery. Hypothesis: qMRI sequences will correlate with early pain and functional measures. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A PubMed search was performed with the following search terms: knee AND (cartilage repair OR cartilage restoration OR cartilage surgery) AND (delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI OR t1-rho OR T2 mapping OR dgemric OR sodium imaging OR quantitative imaging). Studies were included if correlation data were included on quantitative imaging results and patient outcome scores. Results: Fourteen articles were included in the analysis. Eight studies showed a significant relationship between quantitative cartilage imaging and patient outcome scores, while 6 showed no relationship. T2 mapping was examined in 11 studies, delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) in 4 studies, sodium imaging in 2 studies, glycosaminoglycan chemical exchange saturation transfer (gagCEST) in 1 study, and diffusion-weighted imaging in 1 study. Five studies on T2 mapping showed a correlation between T2 relaxation times and clinical outcome scores. Two dGEMRIC studies found a correlation between T1 relaxation times and clinical outcome scores. Conclusion: Multiple studies on T2 mapping, dGEMRIC, and diffusion-weighted imaging showed significant correlations with patient-reported outcome measures after cartilage repair surgery, although other studies showed no significant relationship. qMRI sequences may offer a noninvasive method to monitor cartilage repair tissue in a clinically meaningful way, but further refinements in imaging protocols and clinical interpretation are necessary to improve utility.

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Shah, Hitesh, N. D. Siddesh, Harish Pai, Stéphane Tercier, and Benjamin Joseph. "Quantitative Measures for Evaluating the Radiographic Outcome of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume 95, no. 4 (February 2013): 354–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.l.00172.

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Strigari, Lidia, Annelisa Marsella, Stefano Canitano, Sara Gomellini, Stefano Arcangeli, Elisabetta Genovese, Biancamaria Saracino, et al. "Color Doppler quantitative measures to predict outcome of biopsies in prostate cancer." Medical Physics 35, no. 11 (October 13, 2008): 4793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2990778.

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Dickinson, Sally C., Trevor J. Sims, Leda Pittarello, Carlo Soranzo, Alessandra Pavesio, and Anthony P. Hollander. "Quantitative Outcome Measures of Cartilage Repair in Patients Treated by Tissue Engineering." Tissue Engineering 11, no. 1-2 (January 2005): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.2005.11.277.

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Midlig, Kareem, Regina Draliuk, Meir Preis, Barbara Silverman, and Mouna Ballan. "Family Reported Outcome Measures and Patient Reported Outcome Measures in Multiple Myeloma Patients." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 3056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-153330.

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Abstract Background : Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the most common hematological malignancies. The disease is characterized by multiple symptoms resulting from the disease itself, from complications related to therapy, and as a result of the involvement of other organ systems. MM influences various aspects of patient's and family's lives. Therefore, there is a need to better understand the balance between disease control and symptoms management. Objectives : The main goal of this study is to emphasize the power and importance of Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and Family Reported Outcome Measures (FROMs) as additional tools for patient assessment. This study evaluated the correlation between Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and Family Reported Outcome Measures (FROMs) and disease evaluation according to the International Myeloma Working Group (IMW) response criteria in active myeloma patients. A comparison between patient and family reporting (PROMs & FROMs) and the staging of the disease according to the revised international staging system (R-ISS) was done. In addition, this study examined the confounders that may explain the relationship between PROMs and FROMs and disease evaluation. Methods : This is a quantitative, prospective, observational and longitudinal study of active patients with MM. After receiving Carmel Institutional Review Board approval to conduct the study, we enrolled fifty seven MM patients, the participants completed questionnaires of PROMs and FROMs at intervals of 3 months for one year. In addition, we monitored multiple clinical measures of patient response to treatment. A descriptive analysis of the research variables has been performed; differences between the PROMs/FROM and clinical variables analyzed by Pearson correlation, comparing PROMs/FROMs mean at the beginning of the study with the results at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months . A mixed regression model was used to examine the predictive ability of the study. In other words, the ability of Patient/Family Reported Outcome to predict the disease evaluation. Sample size was calculated using Win-Pepi software, using 5% significance and 80% power. For a coefficient of 0.4 between Patient and Family Reported Outcome and MM clinical evaluations, the minimum sample size required is 47 patients, for a coefficient of 0.35, the minimum sample size required is 62 patients. for a coefficient of 0.50, the minimum sample size required is 37 patients. This study recruited a sample size of 57 patients. Results - Fifty-seven patients participated in this study. After 3 months of treatment, a better disease evaluation was associated with improvement in disease symptoms or side effects reported by the patient. Furthermore, a better disease response was associated with a better body image scale and better future perspective. We observed a similar association after 6 and 9 months. In addition, the more the patient reported side effects or disease symptoms, the more it affects the family member (PROMs were positively correlated with FROMs). A better body image and future perspective reported by patient was associated with a lower effect on family member (PROMs were negatively correlated with FROMs)). A positive significant correlation was found between physician ranking of physical status ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) and the effect on family members. In other words, the worse the physical status of the patient, the more it affect the family member (in months 0,3,6 and 9). These finding were supported by the mixed model analysis, which showed a significant effect of disease symptoms, appetite loss, physical function, future perspective, and global satisfaction in prediction of clinical status. Conclusion- There is a significant relation between PROM/FROM and the typical assessment tools. This study highlights the power of PROM/FROM tools to evaluate patient from his point of view and to adjust the treatment accordingly. Finally, this study raises up the importance of continuing the research about the effect on the family member as a result of the patient disease and clinical status. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Alperin, Noam, James Ryan Loftus, Ahmet M. Bagci, Sang H. Lee, Carlos J. Oliu, Ashish H. Shah, and Barth A. Green. "Magnetic resonance imaging–based measures predictive of short-term surgical outcome in patients with Chiari malformation Type I: a pilot study." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 26, no. 1 (January 2017): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.5.spine1621.

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OBJECTIVE This study identifies quantitative imaging-based measures in patients with Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) that are associated with positive outcomes after suboccipital decompression with duraplasty. METHODS Fifteen patients in whom CM-I was newly diagnosed underwent MRI preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. More than 20 previously described morphological and physiological parameters were derived to assess quantitatively the impact of surgery. Postsurgical clinical outcomes were assessed in 2 ways, based on resolution of the patient's chief complaint and using a modified Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale (CCOS). Statistical analyses were performed to identify measures that were different between the unfavorable- and favorable-outcome cohorts. Multivariate analysis was used to identify the strongest predictors of outcome. RESULTS The strongest physiological parameter predictive of outcome was the preoperative maximal cord displacement in the upper cervical region during the cardiac cycle, which was significantly larger in the favorable-outcome subcohorts for both outcome types (p < 0.05). Several hydrodynamic measures revealed significantly larger preoperative-to-postoperative changes in the favorable-outcome subcohort. Predictor sets for the chief-complaint classification included the cord displacement, percent venous drainage through the jugular veins, and normalized cerebral blood flow with 93.3% accuracy. Maximal cord displacement combined with intracranial volume change predicted outcome based on the modified CCOS classification with similar accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Tested physiological measures were stronger predictors of outcome than the morphological measures in patients with CM-I. Maximal cord displacement and intracranial volume change during the cardiac cycle together with a measure that reflects the cerebral venous drainage pathway emerged as likely predictors of decompression outcome in patients with CM-I.

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Meadows, Keith. "Patient-reported Outcome Measures – A Call for More Narrative Evidence." Journal of Patient Experience 8 (January 2021): 237437352110496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23743735211049666.

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This article puts forward the need to reconsider the current underlying quantitative approach underpinning the application of patient reported outcomes, to a mixed methods approach through the tandem use of patients’ narrative that enables informants in addition to their scores to express the reality of the ways in which their lives are physically and mentally impacted by their health status.

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Fossey, Ellie M., and Carol A. Harvey. "A Conceptual Review of Functioning: Implications for the Development of Consumer Outcome Measures." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 35, no. 1 (February 2001): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.00846.x.

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Objective: Australia's National Mental Health Strategy aims to achieve improved consumer outcomes. The development and refinement of consumer outcome measures is targeted within the Second National Mental Health Plan. The National Standards for Mental Health Services identify measures of functioning, quality of life and satisfaction with services as relevant to assessing and monitoring consumer outcome. Consumers have described gauging their own recovery through the achievement of functional goals in everyday life. This paper reviews how functioning is viewed within the mental health field, and implications for developing better functional outcome measures. Method: Literature describing the development of measures of functioning, principles of outcome measurement, and functional outcomes for people with severe mental illness was identified, using PsycLIT. A review yielded themes reflecting a number of assumptions about the concept of functioning. Results: Functioning is inadequately defined, raising issues about what is focused on, and from whose viewpoint, each of which has implications for using measures of functioning to monitor consumer outcome. Conflation of dissimilar functional domains, and flawed assumptions about the importance of symptomatology in influencing functional outcome limit the sensitivity to meaningful change of functional measures. Consumer perspectives are relatively neglected in functional tool development. Conclusions: A conceptual framework that recognizes lived experience and the interaction between persons and their environment is much needed to guide the development of functional outcome measures. Qualitative and quantitative research methodologies should be used to advance understanding of functioning and to address limitations of current approaches to functional outcome measurement.

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Neale, Joanne, and John Strang. "Blending qualitative and quantitative research methods to optimize patient reported outcome measures (PROMs)." Addiction 110, no. 8 (April 5, 2015): 1215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.12896.

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Sakonidou, Susanna, Izabela Andrzejewska, James Webbe, Neena Modi, Derek Bell, and Chris Gale. "Interventions to improve quantitative measures of parent satisfaction in neonatal care: a systematic review." BMJ Paediatrics Open 4, no. 1 (March 2020): e000613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2019-000613.

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ObjectiveInterventions improving parent satisfaction can reduce parent stress, may improve parent-infant bonding and infant outcomes. Our objective was to systematically review neonatal interventions relating to parents of infants of all gestations where an outcome was parent satisfaction.MethodsWe searched the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, HMIC, Maternity and Infant Care between 1 January 1946 and 1 October 2017. Inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials (RCT), cohort studies and other non-randomised studies if participants were parents of infants receiving neonatal care, interventions were implemented in neonatal units (of any care level) and ≥1 quantitative outcome of parent satisfaction was measured. Included studies were limited to the English language only. We extracted study characteristics, interventions, outcomes and parent involvement in intervention design. Included studies were not sufficiently homogenous to enable quantitative synthesis. We assessed quality with the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool (randomised) and the ROBINS-I tool (Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions) (non-randomised studies).ResultsWe identified 32 studies with satisfaction measures from over 2800 parents and grouped interventions into 5 themes. Most studies were non-randomised involving preterm infants. Parent satisfaction was measured by 334 different questions in 29 questionnaires (only 6/29 fully validated). 18/32 studies reported higher parent satisfaction in the intervention group. The intervention theme with most studies reporting higher satisfaction was parent involvement (10/14). Five (5/32) studies reported involving parents in intervention design. All studies had high risk of bias.ConclusionsMany interventions, commonly relating to parent involvement, are reported to improve parent satisfaction. Inconsistency in satisfaction measurements and high risk of bias makes this low-quality evidence. Standardised, validated parent satisfaction measures are needed, as well as higher quality trials of parent experience involving parents in intervention design.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017072388.

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Eckstein, Felix, and Wolfgang Wirth. "Quantitative Cartilage Imaging in Knee Osteoarthritis." Arthritis 2011 (December 8, 2011): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/475684.

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Quantitative measures of cartilage morphology (i.e., thickness) represent potentially powerful surrogate endpoints in osteoarthritis (OA). These can be used to identify risk factors of structural disease progression and can facilitate the clinical efficacy testing of structure modifying drugs in OA. This paper focuses on quantitative imaging of articular cartilage morphology in the knee, and will specifically deal with different cartilage morphology outcome variables and regions of interest, the relative performance and relationship between cartilage morphology measures, reference values for MRI-based knee cartilage morphometry, imaging protocols for measurement of cartilage morphology (including those used in the Osteoarthritis Initiative), sensitivity to change observed in knee OA, spatial patterns of cartilage loss as derived by subregional analysis, comparison of MRI changes with radiographic changes, risk factors of MRI-based cartilage loss in knee OA, the correlation of MRI-based cartilage loss with clinical outcomes, treatment response in knee OA, and future directions of the field.

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Schultz, Anders Nikolai Ørsted, Jan Dominik Kampmann, Kristian Kidholm, Caroline Moos, and Eithne Hayes Bauer. "mHealth education for patients with chronic kidney disease: protocol for a scoping review." BMJ Open 12, no. 7 (July 2022): e061226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061226.

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IntroductionMore than 10% of the population worldwide is affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite many promising indications regarding the use of mHealth education for patients with CKD, there is still little evidence regarding the feasibility, effectiveness outcomes and outcome measures. Therefore, we will conduct a scoping review to examine the currently available evidence on mHealth education for patients with CKD and, thus, explore the existing evidence regarding feasibility, effectiveness outcomes and outcome measures, patient and/or provider perception and implementation challenges.Methods and analysisA scoping review will be conducted in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis chapter on scoping reviews.MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO will be searched. The search strategy will consist of blocks, which have been adopted and modified from former Cochrane reviews. Two independent reviewers will screen studies. Characteristics of the included studies, both quantitative and qualitative, will be reported using quantitative descriptive statistics. Quantitative results will be grouped by objectives (feasibility, effectiveness outcomes and outcome measures, patient perception and implementation challenges), types of intervention and characteristics of participants. Qualitative results will be organised into categories using an iterative process, as suggested by Pollock et al.Ethics and disseminationAs this scoping review does not involve primary data collection, ethical permission is unnecessary. Results of the scoping review will be published in an international peer-reviewed scientific journal.Trial registration numberOpen Science Framework (https://osf.io/gxkeh/).

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Mayer, Martin. "Continuous outcome measures: conundrums and conversions contributing to clinical application." BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 24, no. 4 (March 5, 2019): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2018-111136.

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Many patient-relevant outcomes, particularly quality of life measures such as pain or function, are routinely measured on a continuous scale. However, the interpretation of continuous outcomes is difficult, particularly when considering application to clinical practice and shared decision-making. Making matters worse is the frequent existence of multiple scales for any given construct. Therefore, quantitative syntheses of literature must find a way to combine different scales into a ‘common language’, and the most frequently used and longest-standing method to do so is the standardised mean difference. Unfortunately, the standardised mean difference is even more difficult to interpret clinically. However, there are validated methods to make these measures easier to understand and apply clinically. This analysis explores these issues and offers a resource to help make these continuous measures more clinically useful.

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Gedlinske, Amber M., Carrie M. Stephan, Shelley R. H. Mockler, Katie M. Laubscher, Karla S. Laubenthal, Cameron D. Crockett, M. Bridget Zimmerman, and Katherine D. Mathews. "Motor outcome measures in patients with FKRP mutations." Neurology 95, no. 15 (August 6, 2020): e2131-e2139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000010604.

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ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that we will be able to detect change in motor outcome measures over time in a cohort with mutations in FKRP.MethodsIndividuals with documented FKRP mutations were evaluated annually with a battery of established motor outcome measures including limited quantitative myometry and timed function measures. Results were analyzed using random coefficient regression to determine annual change in each measure. Due to the nonlinear progression through the lifespan of the study participants, pediatric (<19 years) and adult (≥19 years) cohorts were analyzed separately. Effect of genotype was evaluated in each cohort.ResultsSixty-nine participants (30 pediatric, 44 adult) with at least 2 evaluations were included. There was a small but statistically significant decline in timed motor function measures in both pediatric and adult cohorts. Genotype significantly affected rate of decline in the pediatric but not the adult cohort. Some pediatric patients who are homozygous for the c.826C>A mutation showed improving motor performance in adolescence. Performance on the 10-meter walk/run was highly correlated with other timed function tests.ConclusionsThere is a slow annual decline in motor function in adults with FKRP mutations that can be detected with standard motor outcome measures, while the results in the pediatric population were more variable and affected by genotype. Overall, these analyses provide a framework for development of future clinical trials. The dystroglycanopathies natural history study (Clinical Trial Readiness for the Dystroglycanopathies) may be found on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00313677).

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Korupolu, Radha, Argyrios Stampas, Mani Singh, Ping Zhou, and Gerard Francisco. "Electrophysiological Outcome Measures in Spinal Cord Injury Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review." Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation 25, no. 4 (September 2019): 340–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/sci2504-340.

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Background: Electrophysiological measures are being increasingly utilized due to their ability to provide objective measurements with minimal bias and to detect subtle changes with quantitative data on neural function. Heterogeneous reporting of trial outcomes limits effective interstudy comparison and optimization of treatment. Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to describe the reporting of electrophysiological outcome measures in spinal cord injury (SCI) clinical trials in order to inform a subsequent consensus study. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE databases was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Adult human SCI clinical trials published in English between January 1, 2008 and September 15, 2018 with at least one electrophysiological outcome measure were eligible. Findings were reviewed by all authors to create a synthesis narrative describing each outcome measure. Results: Sixty-four SCI clinical trials were included in this review. Identified electrophysiological outcomes included electromyography activity (44%), motor evoked potentials (33%), somatosensory evoked potentials (33%), H-reflex (20%), reflex electromyography activity (11%), nerve conduction studies (9%), silent period (3%), contact heat evoked potentials (2%), and sympathetic skin response (2%). Heterogeneity was present in regard to both methods of measurement and reporting of electrophysiological outcome measures. Conclusion: This review demonstrates need for the development of a standardized reporting set for electrophysiological outcome measures. Limitations of this review include exclusion of non-English publications, studies more than 10 years old, and an inability to assess methodological quality of primary studies due to a lack of guidelines on reporting of systematic reviews of outcome measures.

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Boakye, Maxwell, Susan Harkema, Peter H. Ellaway, and Andrea C. Skelly. "Quantitative testing in spinal cord injury: overview of reliability and predictive validity." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 17, Suppl1 (September 2012): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.5.aospine1296.

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Object The objective of this study was to identify commonly used physiological outcome measures and summarize evidence on the reliability and predictive validity of quantitative measures used in monitoring persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods A systematic search of PubMed through January 5, 2012, was conducted to identify publications using common outcome measures in persons with SCI and for studies that were specifically designed to evaluate the reliability and predictive validity of selected quantitative measures. Quantitative measures were defined as tests that quantify sensory and motor function, such as amount of force or torque, as well as thresholds, amplitudes, and latencies of evoked potentials that might be useful in studies and monitoring of patients with SCI. Reliability studies reporting interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) or weighted κ coefficients were considered for inclusion. Studies explicitly evaluating correlation between measures and specific functional outcomes were considered for predictive validity. Results From a total of 121 potentially relevant citations, 6 studies of reliability and 4 studies of predictive validity for quantitative tests met the inclusion criteria. In persons with incomplete SCI, ICCs for both interrater and intrarater reliability of electrical perceptual threshold (EPT) were ≥ 0.7 above the sensory level of SCI but were less reliable below the sensory level. Interclass correlation coefficients for interrater and intrarater reliability of the Graded Redefined Assessment of Strength, Sensibility, and Prehension (GRASSP) components ranged from 0.84 to 0.98. For electromyography, the ICC was consistently high for within-day tests. The overall quality of reliability of the majority of studies was poor, due to the potential for selection bias and small sample sizes. No classic validation studies were found for the selected measures, and evidence regarding the predictive validity of the measures was limited. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) may be correlated with ambulatory capacity, as well as the Barthel Index and motor index scores, but this correlation was limited for evaluation of bladder function recovery in 3 studies that assessed the correlation between baseline or initial SSEPs and a specific clinical outcome at a later follow-up time. All studies used convenience samples and the overall sample quality was low. Conclusions Evidence on the reliability and validity of the quantitative measures selected for this review is limited, and the overall quality of existing studies is poor. There is some evidence for the reliability of the EPT, dermatomal SSEPs, and the GRASSP to suggest that they may be useful in longitudinal studies of patients with SCI. There is a need for high quality studies of reliability, responsiveness, and validity for quantitative measures to monitor the level and degree of SCI.

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Reyngoudt, H., D. Bachasson, J. Hogrel, P. Baudin, Y. Allenbach, P. Carlier, O. Benveniste, and B. Marty. "P.93 Effect of rapamycine on quantitative MRI outcome measures in inclusion body myositis." Neuromuscular Disorders 32 (October 2022): S81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2022.07.163.

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Hagoort, Iris, Nicolas Vuillerme, Tibor Hortobágyi, and Claudine JC Lamoth. "Outcome-dependent effects of walking speed and age on quantitative and qualitative gait measures." Gait & Posture 93 (March 2022): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.01.001.

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Fernandez Torron, R., M. James, F. Smith, N. Azzabou, I. Wilson, H. Reyngoudt, A. Mayhew, et al. "Examining the relationship between Dixon quantitative MRI and physiotherapy functional outcome measures in dysferlinopathy." Neuromuscular Disorders 27 (October 2017): S146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.193.

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Obwegeser, Alois A., Ryan J. Uitti, Robert J. Witte, John A. Lucas, Margaret F. Turk, and Robert E. Wharen. "Quantitative and Qualitative Outcome Measures after Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation to Treat Disabling Tremors." Neurosurgery 48, no. 2 (February 2001): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-200102000-00004.

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Brinkmann, James R., Patricia Andres, Michelle Mendoza, and Mohammed Sanjak. "Guidelines for the use and performance of quantitative outcome measures in ALS clinical trials." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 147, no. 1 (March 1997): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-510x(96)05220-3.

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Kass, K., K. Revsbach, T. Kawajazada, J. Borch, A. Sheikh, K. Rudolf, N. Witting, and J. Vissing. "P.299Disease progression using quantitative MRI outcome measures in limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2L." Neuromuscular Disorders 29 (October 2019): S154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2019.06.413.

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Obwegeser, Alois A., Ryan J. Uitti, Robert J. Witte, John A. Lucas, Margaret F. Turk, and Robert E. Wharen. "Quantitative and Qualitative Outcome Measures after Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation to Treat Disabling Tremors." Neurosurgery 48, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-200102000-00004.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE We studied outcome measures after unilateral and bilateral thalamic stimulation to treat disabling tremor resulting from essential tremor and Parkinson's disease. The surgical technique, qualitative and quantitative tremor assessments, stimulation parameters, locations of active electrodes, complications, and side effects are described and analyzed. METHODS Forty-one patients with essential tremor or Parkinson's disease underwent implantation of 56 thalamic stimulators. Preoperative qualitative and quantitative tremor measurements were compared with those obtained after unilateral and bilateral surgery, with activated and deactivated stimulators. Stimulation parameters and stimulation-related side effects were recorded, and outcome measures were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Qualitative measurements demonstrated significant improvement of contralateral upper-limb (P < 0.001), lower-limb (P < 0.01), and midline (P < 0.001) tremors after unilateral surgery. Ipsilateral arm tremor also improved (P < 0.01). No differences were observed with the Purdue pegboard task. Quantitative accelerometer measurements were correlated with qualitative assessments and confirmed improvements in contralateral resting (P < 0.001) and postural (P < 0.01) tremors and ipsilateral postural tremor (P < 0.05). Activities of daily living improved after unilateral surgery (P < 0.001) and additionally after bilateral surgery (P < 0.05). Adjustments of the pulse generator were required more frequently for tremor control than for amelioration of side effects. Bilateral thalamic stimulation caused more dysarthria and dysequilibrium than did unilateral stimulation. Stimulation-related side effects were reversible for all patients. Stimulation parameters did not change significantly with time. A significantly lower voltage and greater pulse width were used for patients with bilateral implants. CONCLUSION Unilateral thalamic stimulation and bilateral thalamic stimulation are safe and effective procedures that produce qualitative and quantitative improvements in resting, postural, and kinetic tremor. Thalamic stimulation-related side effects are mild and reversible.

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Gold, Heather Taffet, Raj J. Karia, Alissa Link, Rachel Lebwohl, Joseph D. Zuckerman, Thomas J. Errico, James D. Slover, Aaron J. Buckland, Devin M. Mann, and Michael N. Cantor. "Implementation and early adaptation of patient-reported outcome measures into an electronic health record: A technical report." Health Informatics Journal 26, no. 1 (December 5, 2018): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460458218813710.

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We integrated and optimized patient-reported outcome measures into the electronic health record to provide quantitative, objective data regarding patients’ health status, which is important for patient care, payer contracts, and research. With a multidisciplinary team from information technology, clinical informatics, population health, and physician champions, we used formal human–computer interaction techniques and user-centered design to integrate several technology platforms and computerized adaptive testing for the National Institutes of Health Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. The patient-reported outcome measure system leverages software frequently used by health systems and provides data for research and clinical care via a mobile-responsive web application using Symfony, with REDCap for configuring assessments and de-identified data storage. The system incorporates Oracle databases and Epic flowsheets. Patients complete patient-reported outcome measures, with data viewable in MyChart and Epic Synopsis Reports. Researchers can access data portals. The highly usable, successful patient-reported outcome measures platform is acceptable to patients and clinicians and achieved 73 percent overall completion rates.

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Fischer, J. S., R. A. Rudick, G. R. Cutter, and S. C. Reingold. "The Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite measure (MSFC): an integrated approach to MS clinical outcome assessment." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 5, no. 4 (August 1999): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135245859900500409.

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Clinical outcome assessment in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is challenging due to the diversity and fluctuating nature of MS symptoms. Traditional clinical scales such as the EDSS are inadequate in their assessment of key clinical dimensions of MS (e.g., cognitive function), and they have psychometric limitations as well. Based on analyses of pooled data from natural history studies and from placebo groups in clinical trials, the National MS Society's Clinical Outcomes Assessment Task Force recently proposed a new multidimensional clinical outcome measure, the MS Functional Composite (MSFC). The MSFC comprises quantitative functional measures of three key clinical dimensions of MS: leg function/ambulation, arm/hand function, and cognitive function. Scores on component measures are converted to standard scores (z-scores), which are averaged to form a single MSFC score. Preliminary analyses confirm that: (1) the three clinical dimensions of the MSFC are relatively independent; (2) the MSFC is sensitive to clinical changes over 1- and 2-year intervals; and (3) the MSFC has acceptable criterion validity (i.e., predicts both concurrent and subsequent EDSS change). The advantages and potential limitations of incorporating quantitative functional outcome measures such as the MSFC into collaborative databases are discussed.

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Wade, Victoria, Adrian G. Barnett, Melinda Martin-Khan, and Trevor Russell. "Designing quantitative telemedicine research." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 23, no. 9 (October 27, 2016): 786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x16671240.

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When designing quantitative trials and evaluation of telehealth interventions, researchers should think ahead to the intended way that the intervention could be implemented in routine care and consider how trial participants with similar characteristics to the target population can be included. The telehealth intervention and the context in which it is placed should be clearly described, and consideration given to conducting pragmatic trials in order to show the effect of telehealth in complex environments with rapidly changing technology. Types of research designs, comparators and outcome measures are discussed and common statistical issues are introduced.

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Applegate, Jeffrey S. "The Impact of Subjective Measures on Nonbehavioral Practice Research: Outcome vs. Process." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 73, no. 2 (February 1992): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949207300204.

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The author describes a study designed to assess the therapeutic reactive effects of filling out subjective self-ratings administered during a period of psychodynamic clinical social work intervention. A summary of quantitative findings related to outcome is followed by a more detailed presentation of anecdotal findings related to the impact of subjective measures on the intervention process. Results are considered in terms of their implications for social work's current interest in single-system designs and the challenges of applying these designs to nonbehavioral practice.

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Doerrfuss, Jakob I., Tayfun Kilic, Michael Ahmadi, Martin Holtkamp, and Joachim E. Weber. "Quantitative and Qualitative EEG as a Prediction Tool for Outcome and Complications in Acute Stroke Patients." Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 51, no. 2 (September 19, 2019): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550059419875916.

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Currently, the relevance of EEG measurements in acute stroke patients is considered low in clinical practice. However, recent studies on the predictive value of EEG measurements after stroke for various outcomes may increase the role of EEG in patients with stroke. We aimed to review the current literature on the utility of EEG measurements after stroke as a tool to predict outcome and complications, focusing on studies in which the EEG measurement was performed in the acute phase after the event and in which long-term outcome measures were reported. In our literature review, we identified 4 different outcome measures (functional outcome, mortality, development of post-stroke cognitive decline, and development of post-stroke epilepsy) where studies on the utility of acute EEG measurements exist. There is a large body of evidence for the prediction of functional outcome, in which a multitude of associated quantitative and qualitative EEG parameters are described. In contrast, only few studies focus on mortality as outcome parameter. We found studies of high methodical quality on the prediction of post-stroke cognitive decline, though the number of patients in these studies often was small. The role of EEG as a prediction tool for seizures and epilepsy after stroke could increase after a recently published study, especially if its result can be incorporated into already existing post-stroke epilepsy prediction tools. In summary, EEG is useful for the prediction of functional outcome, mortality, development of post-stroke cognitive decline and epilepsy, even though there is a discrepancy between the large amount of studies on EEG in acute stroke patients and its underuse in clinical practice.

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Lansdown, D. A., D. Kumar, C. Wyatt, R. Souza, K. Subburaj, S. Lee, L. Nardo, T. M. Link, S. Majumdar, and T. P. Vail. "Quantitative cartilage imaging and patient-reported outcome measures for four common findings of femoroacetabular impingement." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 22 (April 2014): S246—S247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2014.02.474.

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Dinsdale, Graham, Tonia Moore, Neil O'Leary, Michael Berks, Christopher Roberts, Joanne Manning, John Allen, et al. "Quantitative outcome measures for systemic sclerosis-related Microangiopathy – Reliability of image acquisition in Nailfold Capillaroscopy." Microvascular Research 113 (September 2017): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2017.05.003.

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Santisteban, L., M. Teremetz, J. Irazusta, P. G. Lindberg, and A. Rodriguez-Larrad. "Outcome measures used in trials on gait rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis: A systematic literature review." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): e0257809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257809.

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Background Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is associated with impaired gait and a growing number of clinical trials have investigated efficacy of various interventions. Choice of outcome measures is crucial in determining efficiency of interventions. However, it remains unclear whether there is consensus on which outcome measures to use in gait intervention studies in MS. Objective We aimed to identify the commonly selected outcome measures in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on gait rehabilitation interventions in people with MS. Additional aims were to identify which of the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) are the most studied and to characterize how outcome measures are combined and adapted to MS severity. Methods Pubmed, Cochrane Central, Embase and Scopus databases were searched for RCT studies on gait interventions in people living with MS according to PRISMA guidelines. Results In 46 RCTs, we identified 69 different outcome measures. The most used outcome measures were 6-minute walking test and the Timed Up and Go test, used in 37% of the analyzed studies. They were followed by gait spatiotemporal parameters (35%) most often used to inform on gait speed, cadence, and step length. Fatigue was measured in 39% of studies. Participation was assessed in 50% of studies, albeit with a wide variety of scales. Only 39% of studies included measures covering all ICF levels, and Participation measures were rarely combined with gait spatiotemporal parameters (only two studies). Conclusions Selection of outcome measures remains heterogenous in RCTs on gait rehabilitation interventions in MS. However, there is a growing consensus on the need for quantitative gait spatiotemporal parameter measures combined with clinical assessments of gait, balance, and mobility in RCTs on gait interventions in MS. Future RCTs should incorporate measures of fatigue and measures from Participation domain of ICF to provide comprehensive evaluation of trial efficacy across all levels of functioning.

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THORNICROFT, GRAHAM, and MICHELE TANSELLA. "Translating ethical principles into outcome measures for mental health service research." Psychological Medicine 29, no. 4 (July 1999): 761–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291798008034.

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Background. Mental health service research continues to use only outcome measures that are available rather than develop measures that are important. This paper argues that it is necessary to select and then define a set of ethical principles that can be operationalized and validated as outcome measures to provide a wider balance of information for health policy and clinical service decisions.Methods. The method used is to adopt a five stage procedure: (i) to select ethical principles most directly relevant for mental health services and their evaluation at the local level; (ii) to propose definitions of these principles; (iii) to validate these definitions; (iv) to translate the defined principles into operationalized outcome measures; and (v) to use these outcome measures in mental health services research, within the context of evidence-based medicine.Results. We address steps (i) and (ii) of this five-stage procedure. Nine principles are selected and defined: autonomy, continuity, effectiveness, accessibility, comprehensiveness, equity, accountability, coordination and efficiency. These principles can together be referred to as the three ACEs.Conclusions. Of these nine principles, only two (effectiveness and efficiency) have so far been fully translated into quantitative outcome measures, upon which the evidence-based medicine approach depends. We propose that further concepts also be developed into a more complete multi- dimensional range of fully operationalized outcome measures.

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Henglin, Mir, Brian L. Claggett, Joseph Antonelli, Mona Alotaibi, Gino Alberto Magalang, Jeramie D. Watrous, Kim A. Lagerborg, et al. "Quantitative Comparison of Statistical Methods for Analyzing Human Metabolomics Data." Metabolites 12, no. 6 (June 4, 2022): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12060519.

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Emerging technologies now allow for mass spectrometry-based profiling of thousands of small molecule metabolites (‘metabolomics’) in an increasing number of biosamples. While offering great promise for insight into the pathogenesis of human disease, standard approaches have not yet been established for statistically analyzing increasingly complex, high-dimensional human metabolomics data in relation to clinical phenotypes, including disease outcomes. To determine optimal approaches for analysis, we formally compare traditional and newer statistical learning methods across a range of metabolomics dataset types. In simulated and experimental metabolomics data derived from large population-based human cohorts, we observe that with an increasing number of study subjects, univariate compared to multivariate methods result in an apparently higher false discovery rate as represented by substantial correlation between metabolites directly associated with the outcome and metabolites not associated with the outcome. Although the higher frequency of such associations would not be considered false in the strict statistical sense, it may be considered biologically less informative. In scenarios wherein the number of assayed metabolites increases, as in measures of nontargeted versus targeted metabolomics, multivariate methods performed especially favorably across a range of statistical operating characteristics. In nontargeted metabolomics datasets that included thousands of metabolite measures, sparse multivariate models demonstrated greater selectivity and lower potential for spurious relationships. When the number of metabolites was similar to or exceeded the number of study subjects, as is common with nontargeted metabolomics analysis of relatively small cohorts, sparse multivariate models exhibited the most-robust statistical power with more consistent results. These findings have important implications for metabolomics analysis in human disease.

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Ahn, Chul, Xin Fang, Phyllis Silverman, and Zhiwei Zhang. "A quantitative method for measuring the relationship between an objective endpoint and patient reported outcome measures." PLOS ONE 13, no. 10 (October 25, 2018): e0205845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205845.

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Spuls, Phyllis I., Lidian L. A. Lecluse, Marie-Louise N. F. Poulsen, Jan D. Bos, Robert S. Stern, and Tamar Nijsten. "How Good Are Clinical Severity and Outcome Measures for Psoriasis?: Quantitative Evaluation in a Systematic Review." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 130, no. 4 (April 2010): 933–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2009.391.

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Bradshaw, Andy, Martina Santarelli, Assem M. Khamis, Kathryn Sartain, Miriam Johnson, Jason Boland, Mark Pearson, and Fliss E. M. Murtagh. "Implementing person-centred outcome measures (PCOMs) into routine palliative care: A protocol for a mixed-methods process evaluation of The RESOLVE PCOM Implementation Strategy." BMJ Open 11, no. 9 (September 2021): e051904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051904.

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IntroductionPerson-centred outcome measures improve quality of care and patient outcomes but are used inconsistently in palliative care practice. To address this implementation gap, we developed the ‘RESOLVE Implementation Strategy’. This protocol describes a process evaluation to explore mechanisms through which this strategy does, or does not, support the implementation of outcome measures in routine palliative care practice.Methods and analysisMultistrand, mixed-methods process evaluation. Strand one will collect routine outcomes data (palliative Phase of Illness, Integrated Palliative care Outcomes Scale, Australia-modified Karnofsky Performance Status) to map the changes in use of outcome measures over 12 months (July 2021–July 2022). Strand two will collect survey data over the same 12-month period to explore how professionals’ understandings of, skills in using and ability to build organisational practices around, outcome measures change over time. Strand three will collect interview data to understand the mechanisms underpinning/affecting our implementation strategy. Thematic framework analysis and descriptive statistics will be used to analyse qualitative and quantitative data, respectively.Ethics and disseminationFor strand one, ethical approval has been obtained (Cambridge REC, REF: 20/EE/0188). For strands two and three, ethical approval has been obtained from Hull York Medical School ethics committee (2105). Tailored feedback of study findings will be provided to participating sites. Abstracts and papers will be submitted to national/international conferences and peer-reviewed journals. Lay and policy briefings and newsletters will be shared through patient and public involvement and project networks, plus via the project website.

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Teale, Elizabeth A., and John B. Young. "A review of stroke outcome measures valid and reliable for administration by postal survey." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 20, no. 4 (July 27, 2010): 338–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259810000213.

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SummaryCollecting outcome measures by patient or proxy-completed postal survey in stroke research offers a pragmatic and cost-effective alternative to interview-based assessments. The psychometric properties of outcome measures cannot be assumed to be equivalent across methods of questionnaire administration. Many stroke outcome measures have variable or unproven psychometric properties when administered by post. The validity of stroke research that uses postal surveys may be improved through the adoption of questionnaires with acceptable postal psychometric properties. This review identifies 60 reports of quantitative stroke studies using one or more of 36 instruments to collect stroke outcome data by postal survey. Three of these instruments have acceptable psychometric properties for postal administration in stroke populations (the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI), Subjective Index of Physical and Social Outcome (SIPSO) and the EuroQoL (EQ5D)). Two further instruments lack evidence to support proxy reliability (Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living and London Handicap Score), but have otherwise acceptable properties.

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Baddeley, Elin, Alison Bravington, Miriam Johnson, David C. Currow, Fliss EM Murtagh, Elaine Boland, George Obita, et al. "Development of a core outcome set to use in the research and assessment of malignant bowel obstruction: protocol for the RAMBO study." BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (June 2020): e039154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039154.

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IntroductionStudies regarding the management of malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) report conflicting findings. This is partly due to different outcome measures being used to evaluate severity of MBO and the response to treatments. Furthermore, current outcome measures focus mainly on measurable physiological parameters which may not correlate strongly with patient-defined quality of life. The development of core outcome sets allows a consistent approach to evaluating clinical conditions taking into consideration patient, healthcare professional and researcher viewpoints. It follows an internationally recognised standard methodology. We present a protocol for the development of a core outcome set for Research and Assessment of MBO (RAMBO).MethodsRAMBO is a multicentre study, comprising of four phases: a systematic review to examine current scope of outcome measures associated with MBO (phase I). Interviews with patients, companions and healthcare professionals will explore priorities and preferences for care and outcomes (phase II). An expert panel meeting will collate the findings into a set of outcomes (phase III), refined by consensus through a Delphi survey with key stakeholders (phase IV). The final set of outcomes will be ratified at a consensus meeting. Each step will actively include patient partners. Thematic analysis and descriptive statistics will be used to analyse qualitative and quantitative data, respectively.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained (Wales REC 5, REF: 19/LO/1876). Study participants and relevant stakeholders will be updated with newsletters and a lay summary at the end of the study. Abstracts will be submitted to national and international conferences, result papers will be submitted to peer-reviewed, open access journals.Trial and PROSPERO registration numbersCore Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (1402); Systematic Literature Review (CRD42019150648); Rapid Review (CRD42020176393).

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Feld, Jody A., Meheroz H. Rabadi, Alan D. Blau, and Barry D. Jordan. "Berg Balance Scale and Outcome Measures in Acquired Brain Injury." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 15, no. 3 (September 2001): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154596830101500312.

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Objective: To examine the relationship of the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) to out come after acquired brain injury. Methods: Forty consecutive patients with acquired brain injury were admitted for multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Patients were assessed with the BBS. The BBS was originally designed as a quantitative measure of balance and risk for falls in community-dwelling elderly patients. The BBS comprises 14 dif ferent tasks graded on a 56-point scale. Community-dwelling elders with a BBS score of ≤42 have >90% risk for falls. Results: In our study, there were 27 patients with a low BBS score (≤42) and 13 patients with a high BBS score (≥43). The discharge total Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores were lower in the low BBS pa tients (96.4 ± 21.2) compared with the high BBS patients (111.5 ± 12.5) (p < 0.007). The length of stay (LOS) was significantly longer in the low BBS patients (38.9 ± 18.5 days) compared with the high BBS patients (14.2 ± 6.1 days; p < 0.000). Among the three patients that experienced falls during their hospitalization, all exhibited low BBS scores. The admission BBS score strongly correlated with admission total FIM scores (r = 0.86; p < 0.000) and moderately correlated with discharge total FIM scores (r = 0.56; p < 0.000) and LOS (r = -0.55; p < 0.000). Using a multiple regression analysis, the admission FIM score was found to be the better predictor of discharge FIM scores, and time admitted after injury was the better predictor of LOS. Conclusions: Prediction of rehabilitative outcome might be enhanced by the use of the BBS scores in combination with other clinical measures on admission to inpatient acute rehabil itation. Key Words: Functional Independence Measure—Berg Balance Scale—Ac quired brain injury.

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Chouhan, Manil D., Louisa Firmin, Samantha Read, Zahir Amin, and Stuart A. Taylor. "Quantitative pancreatic MRI: a pathology-based review." British Journal of Radiology 92, no. 1099 (July 2019): 20180941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20180941.

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MRI plays an important role in the clinical management of pancreatic disorders and interpretation is reliant on qualitative assessment of anatomy. Conventional sequences capturing pancreatic structure can however be adapted to yield quantitative measures which provide more diagnostic information, with a view to increasing diagnostic accuracy, improving patient stratification, providing robust non-invasive outcome measures for therapeutic trials and ultimately personalizing patient care.In this review, we evaluate the use of established techniques such as secretin-enhanced MR cholangiopancreatography, diffusion-weighted imaging, T1, T2* and fat fraction mapping, but also more experimental methods such as MR elastography and arterial spin labelling, and their application to the assessment of diffuse pancreatic disease (including chronic, acute and autoimmune pancreatitis/IgG4 disease, metabolic disease and iron deposition disorders) and cystic/solid focal pancreatic masses. Finally, we explore some of the broader challenges to their implementation and future directions in this promising area.

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