Дисертації з теми "Quantitative analyzes"
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Pichon, Valentin. "Méthodes extractives, analytiques et d'améliorations de la biodisponibilité des principes actifs contenus dans le Cannabis sativa L." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0059.
Повний текст джерелаPlants have been used for medicinal treatments for thousands of years. Cannabis sativa L. is a controversial plant, classified as a narcotic in most countries. Phytocannabinoids, secondary metabolites secreted in trichomes, have the ability to bind to CB1 and CB2 receptors in the human endocannabinoid system. This system is involved in regulating many of our body's physiological functions, such as pain and appetite. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) therefore have therapeutic potential in controlled concentrations. This thesis work is part of the experimentation with therapeutic cannabis under the aegis of the ANSM in France. In the first part, all the experiments were carried out on a model plant, Humulus lupulus L., also belonging to the Cannabaceae. In the second part, a 'THC dominant' variety of Cannabis sativa L. was subjected to multiple extractive methods (SE, UAE, MAE, PLE) to study mass yields (≈25%). Colorimetric assays established the TPC, TFC, TCC, TCCa and antioxidant power of the extracts. Volatile molecules were studied by HS-SPME-GC-MS and phytocannabinoids by quantification and dereplication (GNPS and SIRIUS) in LC-MS/MS. Separations and purifications yielded THCA, Δ-9THC, Δ-8THC and CBN, whose molecular structure were verified by 1D and 2D NMR. Statistical studies (Global Desirability, TOPSIS) and experimental design (DSD) were used to establish the best extractions based on all the previous results. Lastly, formulation tests in compliance with the European Pharmacopoeia were carried out on CBD sublingual tablets
Gomes, Carolina Lugnani. "Impact of end-point temperature of different heat transfer processes in sensory profile of beef strip loin steaks = Impacto da temperatura final interna em diferentes processos de transferênncia de calor no perfil sensorial de contrafilé bovino." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254241.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Dois métodos de cocção (forno e chapa) e três temperaturas internas finais (65, 71 e 77°C) foram aplicados em contrafilé bovino (m. longissimus lumborum), com o objetivo de avaliar qual dos procedimentos proporciona a obtenção de um produto com perfil sensorial descritivo superior em relação à qualidade sensorial. As amostras de contrafilé, porção compreendida da 12º costela e a 2º vértebra lombar, de meias carcaças esquerdas de bovinos da raça Angus, da mesma idade e acabamento de gordura, foram coletadas e congeladas (-20ºC). Cada peça foi cortada em seis bifes de 2.54 cm, que foram embalados a vácuo e mantidos congelados. Os bifes foram distribuídos em seis tratamentos. Para a cocção, os bifes foram descongelados a 4°C por 24 horas antes das análises. As temperaturas internas foram monitoradas por meio de termopares inseridos no centro geométrico de cada bife. Para a perda de peso por cocção, houve interação significativa do método de cocção X temperatura interna final (p=0.002). O aumento da temperatura aumentou constantemente as perdas por cocção em ambos os métodos de cocção, de 65ºC para 77ºC. A 65ºC e 71ºC as perdas por cocção foram similares entre forno e chapa, enquanto a 77ºC, as amostras assadas no forno tiveram as maiores perdas, provavelmente devido ao longo tempo de preparo. Para a força de cisalhamento, não houve interação do método de cocção X temperatura interna final (p=0.54). Os bifes preparados a 65°C e 71ºC tiveram menores valores de WBSF (p<0,05), enquanto que aqueles preparados a 77°C tiveram valores maiores (p<0,05). Na análise de aceitação, a aparência, o aroma e o sabor tiveram maior aceitação nas amostras preparadas no forno elétrico em temperaturas mais altas, entretanto a maciez e a suculência tiveram maior aceitação nas amostras preparadas em temperaturas mais baixas, independente do método de cocção. Os bifes grelhados na chapa elétrica a 65°C foram melhores, porque proporcionaram a obtenção de uma amostra com aceitação significativamente superior em relação a todas as características sensoriais analisadas. Na Análise Descritiva Quantitativa, os bifes do forno e da chapa a 65°C foram principalmente caracterizados pelos atributos de aroma e sabor de sangue, sabor metálico, suculência, maciez, suculência aparente e cor interna vermelha. Na análise tempo-intensidade, a Imáx do estímulo maciez e suculência foi significativamente maior (p<0,05) no forno elétrico em relação à chapa elétrica. E em relação às temperaturas a Imáx das amostras submetidas a 65 e 71ºC não diferiram (p>0,05), mas diferiram (p<0,05) das amostras a 77ºC. O Ttot não foi diferente (p>0,05) para as amostras nos métodos de cocção e nas temperaturas internas finais para os estímulos de maciez e suculência. Portanto sugere-se que as diferenças encontradas pelos assessores na maciez e suculência das amostras, foram percebidas somente a primeira mordida (Imáx). E durante a mastigação até a fase de deglutição (Ttot) não variaram, indicando que as amostras permaneceram igualmente homogêneas em relação aos dois atributos após a primeira mordida
Abstract: Two cooking methods (oven and griddles) and three end-point temperatures (65, 71 and 77°C) were applied in beef strip loin (m. longissimus lumborum), to assess which of the procedures provides a product with superior descriptive sensory profile in order to the sensory quality. Strip loin samples with the similar degree of fat thickness from the 12th rib to the second lumbar vertebra of the left side of the carcass of similarly age Angus steers were collected and frozen (-20ºC). Each piece was cut into six 2.54 cm thick steaks. The steaks remained vacuum packed and frozen. For cooking, the steaks were thawed at 4°C for 24 hours. The internal temperatures were monitored by thermocouples inserted in the geometric center of each steak. The interaction between cooking method and end-point temperature had a significant (P=0.002) impact on cooking loss. The increasing end-point temperature, constantly increase levels of cooking loss in both cooking methods, from 65ºC to 77ºC. At 65ºC and 71ºC the cooking loss were similar between oven and griddle, while at 77ºC the oven had the great loss, probably due to the long cooking. The interaction between cooking method and end-point temperature did not significantly impact (P=0.54) shear force. The steaks prepared at 65°C and 71ºC had lower (P<0.05) shear force values, while those prepared at 77°C had higher values (P<0.05). In acceptance analysis of appearance, aroma and flavor, samples cooked in electric oven, at higher temperatures, had the greater acceptance, however the tenderness and juiciness had greater acceptance in samples prepared at lower temperatures, regardless the method of cooking. Steaks grilled on the counter-top griddles at 65°C yielded a sample with a significantly greater acceptability in terms of all of the sensory characteristics analyzed. For Descriptive Quantitative Analysis, steaks prepared in oven and griddles at 65°C were mainly characterized by a blood aroma and flavor, a metallic flavor, juiciness, initial tenderness, apparent juiciness and internal red color. In the time-intensity analysis, the Imax values for tenderness and juiciness stimuli was higher (P<0.05) for the samples subjected to the electric oven as compared to the electric griddles. Regarding the temperatures, although the Imax for tenderness and juiciness of the samples subjected to temperatures of 65 and 71ºC were not different (P>0.05), it differed (P<0.05) from the samples at 77ºC. The Ttot value was not different (P>0.05) for both cooking methods and end-point temperatures in relation to the stimuli tenderness and juiciness. It can be suggested that the differences on tenderness and juiciness found by the assessors were noted only at first bite (Imax). Perception of tenderness and juiciness during chewing to swallowing (Ttot) did not vary, indicating that the samples remained homogeneous for both attributes after the first bite
Doutorado
Consumo e Qualidade de Alimentos
Doutora em Alimentos e Nutrição
Bonetto, Maria Fernanda Gomes Furquim. "Aplicação de tratamentos fungistaticos no preparo do cafe (Coffea arabica L.) por via seca visando a melhoria da qualidade da sua bebida." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255501.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O café é um produto agrícola cujo preço está baseado em parâmetros qualitativos. O Brasil é o maior produtor e exportador, apresentando a possibilidade de produzir vários tipos diferentes de café, ampliando capacidade de atender as diferentes exigências mundiais do mercado. A incidência de fungos durante a secagem deprecia a bebida. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a procura de tratamentos que prevenissem ou paralisassem a contaminação fúngica através da utilização de cloreto de benzalcônio e dióxido de enxofre. Os ensaios realizados em pré e/ou pós-colheita variaram o tipo do fungistático, a dosagem aplicada e o número de aplicações realizadas. Foram realizadas as determinações: umidade, atividade de água, pH, acidez total titulável, ácidos clorogênicos, contagem de bolores e leveduras, identificação da microbiota fúngica, determinação de ocratoxina, "prova da xícara" e análise descritiva quantitativa dos cafés. Os resultados mostraram que houve diferenciação dos cafés submetidos aos tratamentos. Foram identificados diversos gêneros de fungos durante a secagem: Aspergillus spp., Cladosporíum sp, Colletotrichum sp, Fusarium sp, Leveduras, Penicilium sp e outros. Na testemunha e no tratamento de menor dosagem de fungistático houve crescimento de Aspergillus ochraceus. Os cafés submetidos aos tratamentos com dióxido de enxofre e maior número de aplicações indicaram tendência a melhorar a bebida, na "prova da xícara" os cafés obtidos receberam classificação de "dura a estritamente mole". Na análise descritiva quantitativa (ADQ) os cafés foram separados na análise de componentes principais indicando que houve efeito dos tratamentos na diferenciação da bebida
Abstract: The coffee is an agricultural product whose price is based on qualitative parameters. Brazil is the producing and exporting greater of coffee, presenting the possibility to produce some types different of coffee, extending capacity to take care of the different world-wide requirements of the market. The incidence of fungus during the drying depreciates the drink. This work had as objective the search of treatments that prevented or paralyzed the fungi contamination through the benzalkonium chloride and sulphur dioxide. The assays carried through in pre and/or post-harvest had varied the type of the fungicide, the applied dosage and the number of carried through applications. The determination had been carried through: humidity, activity of water, pH, total titrable acidity, acid clorogenic, mold and yeasts counting, Identification of fungi micro biota, ocratoxin determination, "cup quality" and quantitative descriptive analysis of the coffees. The results had shown that it had differentiation of the coffees submitted to the treatments. Diverse sorts of fungus during the drying had been identified: Aspergiilus spp., Cladosporium sp, Colletotrichum sp, Fusarium sp, Leavenings, Penicilium sp and others. In the control and the treatment of lesser dosage of fungicide had growth of Aspergiilus ochraceus. The coffees submitted to the treatments with dioxide of sulphur and most number of applications had indicated tendency to improve the drink, in the "cup quality" the gotten coffees had received "hard" classification from "very soft ". In the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) the coffees had been separate in the analysis of main components indicating that it had effect of the treatments in the differentiation of the drink
Doutorado
Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos
Barbosa, Paula Bucharles Franco. "Efeito do edulcorante no perfil sensorial e na aceitação de iogurte natural desnatado batido (diet)." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254226.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O mercado de alimentos e bebidas prontos para o consumo está em expansão. Porém, os consumidores querem desfrutar de produtos que não apenas saciem a fome e a sede, mas que ofereçam vantagens nutricionais, segurança e qualidade sensorial. Os consumidores estão conscientes da importância de dietas e estilo de vida saudáveis. Alimentos com reduzido teor ou isentos de gorduras e açúcares auxiliam na adequação da dieta e na promoção da saúde. Os leites fermentados, por exemplo, o iogurte, vêm recebendo especial atenção pelas indústrias de alimentos e estão sendo muito procurados pelos consumidores de todas as idades, gêneros e classes sócio-econômicas, pois são nutritivos, práticos e de rápido consumo, além de poderem ser excelentes veículos de probióticos, tornando-os alimentos funcionais. Isso justifica o presente trabalho que teve por principal objetivo adoçar iogurte natural desnatado batido com edulcorantes na concentração equivalente à ideal de sacarose para que as fórmulas diet se apresentassem sensorialmente iguais ou similares à com sacarose. Determinou-se, primeiramente, a concentração ideal de sacarose pelo método de consumidor de doçura ideal utilizando-se da Escala-do-Ideal. Em seguida, determinou-se a equivalência em doçura do aspartame, sucralose, acessulfame-K, mistura sacarina/ciclamato (1:2), extrato de folha de estévia (Stevia 1) (53,7% esteviosídeo; 24,8% rebaudiosídeo A) e extrato de folha de estévia (Stevia 2) (15,3% esteviosídeo; 49,7% rebaudiosídeo A) pelo teste de Estimação de Magnitude com equipe treinada. As concentrações de sacarose, aspartame, sucralose, acessulfame K, mistura sacarina/ciclamato (1:2), Stevia 1 e Stevia 2 usadas, foram, respectivamente, em porcentagem (p/v): 9,7%, 0,0551%, 0,0223%, 0,0608%, 0,0520%, 0,1445% e 0,1588%. As amostras foram submetidas à Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ) para que fosse possível traçar seus perfis sensoriais. Utilizou-se painel de 10 julgadores treinados para os descritores de Aparência (Cor Branco-Amarelada, Viscosidade), Aroma (Aroma de Iogurte); Sabor (Doçura, Acidez, Amargor, Sabor de Iogurte, "Gosto de Remédio") e Textura (Homogeneidade, Cremosidade). Concluiu-se que os edulcorantes estudados conferiram perfil sensorial semelhante ao da sacarose no iogurte. Apenas os extratos de estévia conferiram amargor e "gosto de remédio" e reduziram a percepção de doçura e sabor de iogurte. Por fim, conduziu-se análise de aceitação por 120 consumidores do produto para aparência, aroma, sabor, textura e impressão global. Os consumidores também responderam questionário sobre consumo de iogurte e alimentos dietéticos e expressaram seu grau de aceitação pelas amostras em escalas hedônicas lineares não estruturadas de 9cm. Além disso, responderam à intenção de compra em escala de atitude de 5 categorias. Paralelamente à aceitação, realizou-se medidas instrumentais de cor, viscosidade, pH, acidez total titulável e sólidos totais, permitindo a comparação entre os dados sensoriais e instrumentais. Os resultados, de forma geral, indicaram que os extratos de estévia não são indicados para uso em iogurte natural desnatado batido e precisam ser melhorados para ter sucesso na substituição total da sacarose. A sucralose e o aspartame são os edulcorantes que mais se aproximaram do perfil sensorial da sacarose e foram igualmente aceitos pelos consumidores assim como a amostra com sacarose, sendo, portanto, os mais indicados para uso nesse produto. Os edulcorantes também não influenciaram as medidas físico-químicas do iogurte quando comparados com o iogurte puro e com sacarose (padrões). Pode-se dizer, portanto, que é possível a substituição da sacarose por edulcorantes intensos. Porém, os extratos de estévia devem ser reformulados e, provavelmente, usados em misturas de edulcorantes para que sua aplicação na indústria de alimentos seja bem sucedida
Abstract: The market of "ready to eat/drink" foods and beverages is expanding. However, consumers want to enjoy products that will not only satisfy their hunger and thirst but also offer nutritional advantage, safety and sensory quality. Nowadays, consumers are well aware of the importance of healthy eating habits and lifestyles. Foods with low content or even free of fats and sugar help people to adequate diet and promote good health. Fermented milks like yogurt have been receiving special attention by the food industries and have become more and more popular among consumers of all ages, genders and walks of life, as they are nutritional, practical and easy to consume, besides being excellent vehicles for probiotic microorganism, which makes yogurts functional foods. That all justifies this study the object of which was to sweeten natural skimmed shaken yogurt using different sweeteners in equivalence to the ideal concentration of sucrose in order that the diet formulas would taste as close to the original as possible. Firstly, ideal sweetness was determined by the Just-About-Right scale using 30 consumers of the product. Secondly, the equivalence in sweetness and the sweetening power in relation to sucrose was determined by Magnitude Estimation method using 12 judges. The ideal sweetness of sucrose to this yogurt was 9,7%. The sweetening power was equal to 176 (Aspartame), 67,1 (Stevia 1), 61,1 (Stevia 2), 435 (Sucralose), 186,5 (Saccharine/Cyclamate 1:2) and 159,5 (Acessulfame-K). The seven samples of yogurt obtained were submitted to Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) so that their sensory profile could be determined. A panel made up of 10 judges was trained for the descriptive terms of Appearance (Yellowish-white color, Viscosity), Aroma (Yogurt aroma), Flavor (Sweetness, Sourness, Bitterness, Yogurt flavor, Medicine taste) and Texture (Homogeneity, Creaminess).The results showed almost all sweetener gave yogurt sensory profile similar to sucrose. Only the Stevia extracts gave it a bitter and medicine-like taste and reduced the perception of sweetness and yogurt flavor. Finally, acceptance analysis was performed among 120 consumers of natural yogurt concerning Appearance, Aroma, Flavor, Texture and Overall Impression. Consumers were requested to answer a questionnaire about yogurt consumption and expressed their liking using a using non-structured linear hedonic scale of 9cm. Besides, they indicated their purchase intention of each sample by using a 5-point attitude scale. In addition to sensory analysis, physical-chemical measurements of pH, total acidity, total solids and viscosity were carried out, which enabled a comparison between the sensory and the instrumental data. The overall results showed that the Stevia extracts are not recommended for natural yogurt. They should be improved so that they can successfully replace sucrose. Sucralose and aspartame are the sweeteners that come closest to the sensory profile of sucrose and the ones that were accepted by consumers as well as sucrose. Therefore, they are the best choice for this kind of yogurt. Also these sweeteners did not influence physical-chemical measurements of the yogurt when compared to the same yogurt with or without sugar that is the standard. It is possible to say that the substitution of sucrose for intense sweeteners is viable and it fulfils nutritional and sensory consumer's needs
Mestrado
Consumo e Qualidade de Alimentos
Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição
Prearo, Leandro Campi. "O uso de técnicas estatísticas multivariadas em dissertações e teses sobre o comportamento do consumidor: um estudo exploratório." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-01102008-112432/.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation has the purpose to evaluate the level of adaptation of the statistics technique of multivariate analysis in dissertations and theses related to Marketing, consumer behavior, during 1997 and 2006, introduced at Programs of Masters degree of the Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade da Universidade de São Paulo and of the Escola de Administração da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. To reach this purpose, was organized a theoretical referential that would subsidize the discussion about the objectives of each technique application, and one that would subsidize the construction of an evaluation procedure starting with the attention to the subjacent premises to the use of these techniques. It was analyzed fifty-six studies of a hundred-ninety-six available on the thematic on the period, which used multivariate application techniques. Based on a consumer target, was delimited ninety-nine applications of that technique. The application of the techniques was observed at 100% of the cases where they were suited to the necessities of the research problems. However, taking the premise attention the results were negative: only 16.8% of the applications were suited, following all the premises required. The technique Factorial Exploration Analysis was the most used technique on the period, followed by Structures Equations Modeling and Regression Analysis. The most verified premises were the sensibility to the size of the sample and the data standardization; the least verified were multivariate normality, linearity, homoscedasticity, and autocorrelation. The results suggest the necessity of a higher commitment of the researchers on the verification of all theoretical precept of each technique application.
Gabelini, Beatriz Marques [UNESP]. "Suscetibilidade a escorregamentos na região entre Caraguatatuba e São Sebastião (SP): análise fisiográfica e quantitativa." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151503.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Os escorregamentos são movimentos de massa recorrentes na Serra do Mar. Quando ocorrem de forma generalizada podem causar prejuízos e perdas de vidas, como no acidente ocorrido no município de Caraguatatuba (SP) em 1967. Com o intuito de evitar estes danos, na literatura, são propostos vários métodos para analisar e prever a ocorrência destes processos. Diante do exposto, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa consiste em analisar a suscetibilidade a escorregamentos na região entre Caraguatatuba e São Sebastião (SP), utilizando a compartimentação fisiográfica e a análise quantitativa. Para alcançar estes objetivos foi realizada a análise e compartimentação do terreno e a análise quantitativa dos fatores condicionantes (declividade, hipsometria e geologia) e da compartimentação fisiográfica. Foram testados, em ambiente SIG, diversos cenários a partir de dois métodos distintos. No Método 1, os fatores condicionantes foram analisados através de pesos de influência. No Método 2, os fatores condicionantes mantiveram os mesmos pesos do Método 1 e foram somados pesos para as classes de cada fator. A compartimentação fisiográfica definiu 16 unidades. Os resultados demonstraram que a maioria dos escorregamentos se concentraram na unidade fisiográfica IV e que há um controle topográfico na distribuição dos escorregamentos entre 100 e 400 m de altitude, em encostas com declividade entre 15º e 30º, compostas por gnaisse migmatítico e granito-gnaisse. Os mapas elaborados a partir do Método 2 apresentaram expressiva concordância com o mapeamento de cicatrizes de Fúlfaro et al. (1976). O cenário escolhido como mais coerente foi o Cenário O, em que houve 60% de influência da declividade, 30% de hipsometria e 10% de geologia. Portanto, a partir do estudo da suscetibilidade, por meio da análise fisiográfica e quantitativa, é possível afirmar que o fator que tem mais influência na ocorrência de escorregamentos, na área de estudo, é a declividade, seguida da hipsometria e geologia.
Landslides are recurrent mass movements in the Serra do Mar. When they occur in a generalized way, as in the event occurred in Caraguatatuba city (SP) in 1967, they can cause a lot of environmental damage and deaths. In order to avoid this damage, several methods were proposed to analyze and predict the occurrence of this process. Considering the above, the main objective of this research is to analyze the susceptibility to landslides in the region between Caraguatatuba and São Sebastião (SP), using physiographic compartmentalization and quantitative analysis. In order to achieve these objectives, a physiographic analysis of the study area was carried out by the method of physiographic compartmentalization. Topographic and geological factors, as well as a physiographic comparison were analyzed using percentages of Class Frequency, Scars Concentration and Disproportionality Factor. We tested several scenarios from two different methods in a GIS environment. Method 1 by which the conditioning factors were analyzed through influence weights and Method 2, which maintains the influence weight for the factors and includes weights to the classes of each factor. The physiographic compartmentalization defined 16 units. Our results showed that most of the landslides were concentrated in the Physiographic Unit IV, and a topographic control in the distribution of landslides between 100 and 400 m of altitude, in slopes with declivity between 15 and 30º, composed of migmatite gneiss and granite-gneiss. Method 2 presented significant agreement with the scar mapping of Fúlfaro et al. (1976), and the scenario chosen as more coherent was Scenario O, which presented 60% influence of declivity, 30% hypsometry and 10% geology. The application of the different methods was satisfactory and based on the results we considered the utilization of the physiographic compartmentalization and the probabilistic analysis as important tools in the prediction of susceptibility, thus being able to collaborate with the territorial and environmental management of the cities.
Shin, Hyemi. "Multi-level dynamics in the emergence and evolution of the CSR field : from transnational CSR governance to CSR professionals in South Korea." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESEC0002.
Повний текст джерелаGoing back to the disagreement of Wilensky (1964) in the beginning of this paper, I have some concluding thoughts with respect to my findings. Wilensky (1974) made his stance quite clear by arguing that everyone cannot be professionalized because of quasi-professionals or semi-professionals do not possess tentative knowledge and skills and other conditions as the functionalist approach in the sociology of profession generally argue. Current researchers have argue that contemporary professional fields have lost the essence of professionalism, which is a broad sense of serving societal missions, and have become more interest groups to do their businesses (R. Greenwood, 2007; Saks, 2012). Hence, current established professional organizations are being under de-legitimization and de-institutionalization (Ackroyd, 1996; Brock, 2006). My findings showed that many of CSR professionals, one of emerging quasi-professional groups, tended to share a strong sense of serving societal missions. Some of them (with the strategic corporate giving and the sustainability transition frame) emphasized even more than their business missions, commercial values, and self-interests. Just like any other professionals, some of CSR professionals, especially those within the social innovation and the risk management frame, also underscored the importance of business-like and commercial values to vitalize the CSR field and to grow themselves as stronger professionals. However, they were clearly aware of that what they were doing ultimately generated social benefits, and they appreciated the fact that their professional lives satisfied both their economic interests and societal interests. Hence, their professionalism was actually quite stronger than any other contemporary professionals, which have been criticized for lack of such professionalism. In this regard, why cannot we call CSR professionals, professionals ?
Carlzon, Paula, and Sara Johansson. "Chokladkvalitet : Chokladens sensoriska kvalitet i chokladmousse." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Restaurang- och hotellhögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-43403.
Повний текст джерелаFriggeri, Adrien. "A Quantitative Theory of Social Cohesion." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00737199.
Повний текст джерелаOrtiz, Vanessa Daniel Groppo. "Efeito da radiação gama na conservação de suco de laranja (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) das variedades Hamlin, Pera e Valência, usadas na indústria." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64134/tde-23042013-091021/.
Повний текст джерелаThe Brazilian citrus is the global leader in production of oranges and frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) there is low domestic consumption of fruits and fresh juice, preferred by brazilian consumers. Thus, there is a great interest by development of products, processes and specific conservation to the cultivation of citrus varieties for the juice\'s production. The industries produce orange juice from the fresh fruit processing, known as pasteurized juice not from concentrate juice (NFC), have serious technological problems. The fruits have chemical and sensory variability due to intrinsic characteristics and can vary the flavor and smell of orange juice because the different varieties available throughout the year. The aim of this study was to optimize the process of gamma radiation in orange juice, picking the best dosage in order to reduce microbiological count and that doesn\'t compromise the sensory characteristics and physicochemical juice. Defined dosages, the objective was to evaluate the microbiological, physicochemical and sensory orange juice from different varieties subjected to pasteurization and irradiation and develop a descriptive terminology and sensory profile of orange juice. The sensorial attributes analysed in this study were appearance, smell, flavor and texture. The samples were evaluated by a trained painel of nine tasters and evaluated for acceptance, with seven-point hedonic scale for fifty tasters. In view of these results, gamma radiation and pasteurisation contributed to the reduction of microbiological counts. However, sensory, treatments with 4.5 and 6.0 kGy were considered the limit of acceptability for flavor and overall impression. The doses studied showed little impact on the physical and chemical characteristics, independent of the citrus varieties. Treatment with 3.0 kGy resulted in juice with aroma and sharp taste of medicine and baked, which will probably have a negative influence on the acceptability of the product
Pinheiro, Mariana Lanna. "Famílias incestuosas: diferenciação das funções familiares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-14092015-103348/.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction:This research aims to investigate possible changes to the dynamics of incestuous families after the commencement of psychotherapeutic treatment. Hypothetically, primary and secondary changes happen to the families taken to the Sexual Abuse Study and Help Center (Centro de Estudos e Atendimentos Referente ao Abuso Sexual - CEARAS) from the proposed treatment. This essay has been elaborated from a psychoanalytical perspective with psychosocial emphasis, in which the individual is considered from his cultural context. To do so, the grounds for the analysis is the work developed by the Study Center with the incestuous families. Objective: To think about the primary and secondary changes that arose from the therapeutic treatment provided by CEARAS to the dysfunctional families. Methodology: This is a retrospective document research. The handbook of the 19 families supported by CEARAS from the period between 1993 and 2013 which were part of the final sample have been analysed. The information about the calls, handbook conditions and treatment have been searched. The changes described in the handbooks were split in two groups: primary and secondary changes. Results: Most families under CEARAS\' care have not finished the proposed treatment. In relation to the changes detected, 53% of the families have shown primary and secondary changes; 37% have shown primary; and 10% secondary. It has been observed in the handbooks under analysis that, in relation to primary changes, the simbolization of the family functions was the most outstanding change whereas the autonomy of the family members was the least. There was no predominance of secondary changes. There has been a higher number of changes in families that did not have to change therapists. Conclusion: It is noticeable that the work is feasible and how necessary it is.The research shows that the primary and secondary changes are possible to take place by way of family therapy. The transfer in families does not happen only with the institution but also with the therapists involved in the treatment
Kerstan, Henning [Verfasser], and Barbara [Akademischer Betreuer] König. "Coalgebraic Behavior Analysis : From Qualitative To Quantitative Analyses / Henning Kerstan. Betreuer: Barbara König." Duisburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1101343559/34.
Повний текст джерелаHytch, Martin J. "Quantitative high resolution electron microscopy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317785.
Повний текст джерелаOyafuso, Mônica Kanashiro. "Estudo retrospectivo e prospectivo da urolitíase em cães." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-12122008-104152/.
Повний текст джерелаUrolithiasis is a relatively common urinary tract disorder of dogs and cats. Whenever urine becomes oversaturate with cristallogenic substances, uroliths may be formed from crystalline material and protein matrix. Uroliths may be composed from only one kind or from different types of minerals, which can be deposited in layers or aggregate forming a stone. They can be classified according to their mineral type and distribution in: simple (only one layer and more than 70% of a single mineral), mixed (one identifiable layer, without predominance of a mineral type) or coumpound (more than one layer of different mineral types). Currently, there are two methods of urolith analyses: quantitative and qualitative analysis. However, only quantitative analysis allows determination of the mineral composition with accuracy, and it is a more sensitive and specific test. One hundred and sixty one canine uroliths were obtained from the Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny of University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) and were submitted to Minnesota Uroliths Center for quantitative analysis from February 1999 to January 2007. All uroliths were analyzed using polarizing light microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. One hundred and six (30,2%) were simple uroliths, 3 (1,9%) mixed, and 47 (67,9%) were compound. Despite the predominance of compound uroliths, individual urolithevaluation revealed that 64 of 106 compound uroliths had a predominant mineral type (>70%) in all layers: 26 were struvite, 35 calcium oxalate (mono or dihydrate) and 3 were urate (sodium acid urate and ammonium acid urate). These uroliths, despite being classified as compound uroliths, could be assumed as simple uroliths. However, 30 compound uroliths had dissoluble inner layers, but the outer layer would prevent them from being dissovable. Three samples had the opposite (outer layer could be dissoluted, but inner layer could not) and 2 other samples had required two different protocols for medical dissolution. Knowledge the composition of all layers (nidus, stone, shell and surface crystals) is essential to understand the urolith etiology and a key factor to successful therapy and prevent recurrence.
Agra, Carlos Martins. ""Avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa de duas cerâmicas frente a diferentes tratamentos de superfície"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23134/tde-03102005-101433/.
Повний текст джерелаThe surface characteristic of ceramic material is an important factor to predict its wear behavior. The surface roughness of two ceramics (Duceram Plus e Duceragold) was evaluated trough qualitative and quantitative methods after different treatments. 36 specimens were fabricated for the analysis utilizing a surface profiling instrument, and 24 for the SEM analysis. The results determined different behavior between the two ceramics evaluated due the treatment executed. The analysis utilizing a surface profiling instrument showed that the treatment using the EDENTA polishers was the most effective technique to provide the smoothest surface after trimming. All polishing techniques resulted in better surface properties when compared to the treatment glaze. The Duceragold ceramic presented lower roughness values in most treatments executed when compared to Duceram Plus. The perception trough the SEM analysis of significant differences between treatments or between the two ceramics was not achievable.
Kühnle, Tim. "Quantitative Analysis of Human Chronotypes." Diss., lmu, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-51686.
Повний текст джерелаBhabuta, Madhu Darshan Kumar. "Quantitative analysis of ATM networks." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299444.
Повний текст джерелаOwen, Christopher Grant. "Quantitative analysis of conjunctival vasculature." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287628.
Повний текст джерелаDoupé, David Patrick. "Quantitative analysis of epithelial homeostasis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611770.
Повний текст джерелаZeng, Wen. "Quantitative analysis of distributed systems." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2638.
Повний текст джерелаDong, Zhiyuan. "Three Essays in Quantitative Analysis." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282048935.
Повний текст джерелаBode, Oliver. "Quantitative Analyse dynamischer nichtlinearer Panelmodelle." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967138493.
Повний текст джерелаLafargue, Christophe. "Analyse biologique quantitative non instrumentée." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P052.
Повний текст джерелаQueiraz, Herlene Greyce da Silveira. "Qualidade sensorial e fÃsico-quimica de mÃis de abelha melifera (Apis mellifera) produzidos a partir de diferents origens florais no Estado do CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1131.
Повний текст джерелаO objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a qualidade sensorial e fÃsico â quÃmica de mÃis da abelha melÃfera (Apis mellifera) produzidos a partir de diferentes origens florais no Estado do CearÃ. Foram utilizadas cinco amostras (A, B, C, D, E) que, apÃs anÃlises melissopalinolÃgicas, apresentaram-se, respectivamente, com predominÃncia de: Margaridinha (Bidens tinctoria), Vassourinha de botÃo (Borreria verticillata), Cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale), Sabià (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) e amostra polifloral. Realizaram â se as anÃlises de aÃÃcares redutores, umidade, cinzas, pH, atividade de Ãgua, cor e viscosidade para a caracterizaÃÃo fÃsico - quÃmica. Para verificaÃÃo da inocuidade dos mÃis, foram realizadas anÃlises microbiolÃgicas de coliformes a 45Â, salmonela, bolores e leveduras. No desenvolvimento de perfis sensoriais, empregou-se o mÃtodo de AnÃlise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ) adaptado de Stone et al. (1974). AtravÃs de testes de reconhecimento de odor, gostos bÃsicos, testes triangulares e AnÃlise SeqÃencial Wald, selecionaram â se provadores para a equipe descritiva. A terminologia descritiva foi gerada atravÃs do mÃtodo rede (Repertory Grid Method). Os critÃrios poder discriminativo, reprodutibilidade e consenso com a equipe sensorial foram utilizados na seleÃÃo final de provadores. Os resultados foram submetidos à anÃlise estatÃstica univariada (ANOVA), teste de mÃdias de Tukey, anÃlise multivariada de componentes principais (ACP) e representaÃÃo grÃfica de boxplot e grÃfico aranha. Para a medida de aceitabilidade empregaram-se as escalas de nove pontos hedÃnicas estruturadas mistas, atitude de consumo e a escala de cinco pontos de intenÃÃo de compra com 100 provadores. Os mÃis apresentaram-se inÃcuos podendo ser utilizados na anÃlise sensorial. Quanto aos parÃmetros fÃsico-quÃmicos de umidade, atividade de Ãgua, cor e viscosidade as amostras apresentaram diferenÃas significativas (p 0,05). Na AnÃlise Descritiva, as amostras diferiram significativamente em sete descritores. A representaÃÃo grÃfica evidenciou perfis sensoriais distintos para as amostras A e C e perfis semelhantes para as amostras B, D e E. Alguns descritores levantados caracterizaram e quantificaram as diferenÃas sensoriais entre as amostras e estabeleceram um perfil sensorial para o mel de abelha elaborado a partir de diferentes origens florais no Estado do CearÃ. A amostra B (vassourinha de botÃo) apresentou maior aceitaÃÃo hedÃnica e de consumo e atitude positiva de compra junto aos consumidores. O mel de cajueiro (Amostra C) obteve uma menor aceitaÃÃo na maioria dos atributos avaliados
The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical-chemical and sensory quality of the honey bee (Apis melifera) produced from different floral sources in the State of CearÃ. Five samples were used (A, B, C, D, E) that, after melissopalynological analysis showed up, respectively, with a predominance of: Bindens tinctoria, Borreria verticillata, Anacardium occidentale, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia and polifloral sample. The analyses of reducing sugars, moisture, ash, pH, water activity, color and viscosity were performed for the physical-chemical characterization. To verify the safety of honey, were conducted microbiological testing of the coliform 45Â, salmonella sp., yeasts and molds. In the development of sensory profiles, the method employed was the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA). By testing for recognition of odor, basic taste, triangle tests and Wald sequential analysis, judges were selected for the panel descriptive. The descriptive terminology was generated by the Repertory Grid Method. The discrimination, reproducibility and consensus with the sensory panel were used in the final selection of judges. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis univariate (ANOVA), test averages of Tukey, multivariate analysis of Principal Components Analysis (ACP), and graphical representation of boxplot and spider graph. For the measure of acceptability 9-point hedonic scale, intent of consumption scales of 5-point purchase intent were used for 100 judges. The honey showed up safe can be used in the sensory analysis. For the physical-chemical parameters of humidity, water activity, color and viscosity, samples presented significant differences (p _< 0,05). In the Descriptive analysis, the samples differed significantly in seven descriptors. A graphic representation showed distinct sensory profiles for samples A and C and similar profiles to the samples B, D and E. Some descriptors characterized and quantify sensory differences between the samples and established a sensory profile for the honey bee, produced from different floral sources in the State of CearÃ. The sample B (Borreria verticillata) showed greater acceptance hedonic and consumption and positive attitude for consumers. The honey, Anacardium occidentale (Sample C) obtained a lower acceptance in the major of attributes.
Wada, Danilo Tadao. "Análise quantitativa por tomografia computadorizada da vasculatura pulmonar em pacientes com hipertensão pulmonar utilizando programa automático." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17158/tde-04012017-160206/.
Повний текст джерелаIn this study, we aimed to quantitatively analyze the lung parenchyma and pulmonary vasculature in computadorized tomography angiography (angioCT) from patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), using a complete automated software. We retrospectively analyzed 45 patients\'s exams and clinical records, comparing with a control group. Patients were also divided in groups, according to Nice classification, represented mainly by group 1 (pulmonary arterial hypertension, including idiopathic) and 4 (chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension). In patients with PH, the automated analysis found lower values of the 10th percentile (p10) of pulmonary density and higher values of vessel volumes in the upper right lobe (RUL) and higher relative vessel volumes between the uppers and lowers lobes. In this study, we didn\'t find any difference between the groups of patients with PH in the quantitative analysis of angioCT. We infer that the p10 differences indicate presence of hypoattenuating areas of olygoemia in patients with PH and that the difference in pulmonary vessel volumes indicates pulmonary vasculature redistribution. The analysis of pulmonary vessels in angioCT images can represent an objective diagnostic tool in PH evaluation.
Melges, Gustavo Cabrera. "Análise quantitativa automática da vasculatura pulmonar em TCAR de pacientes com hipertensão pulmonar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17158/tde-17042018-144837/.
Повний текст джерелаPulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease characterized by elevation in the mean pressure of the pulmonary artery and an increase in the pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right heart dysfunction, being an important complication of multiple diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease (ILD), collagen diseases and vasculitis. The high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is one of the main diagnostic methods and is also important in the follow up of these patients. In this study we aim the quantitative analysis of the thoracic HRCT exams in patients with diffuse parenchymal lung disease and pulmonary hypertension diagnosed by right heart catheterism. We analised retrospectively the clinical records and HRCT exams of 29 patients with PH, comparing to a control group. Were excluded from the study patients with primary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolism pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), which investigations usually include pulmonary angiotomography. The quantitative analysis was made utilizing a completely automatic software and some manual measures were also noted. Patients with PH, when comparing to control group, presented significant pulmonary volume reduction, elevated mean parenchymal attenuation, elevated measures of the pulmonary vascular volume, increase in the pulmonary vascular density and also an elevation in the relation between vascular volume in the upper pulmonary lobes and the lower lobes. The automatic software was able to identify the vascular alterations, even in non contrast enhanced exams and amidst architectural distortions in the lung parenchyma. These findings probably represent the redistribution of the pulmonary vascular bed, related to the pulmonary vascular resistance increase. .The quantitative automatic analysis, made in HRCT exams, used in clinical practice, can represent a new non invasive tool, able to identify PH signs in risc patients, such as COPD, ILD and collagen diseases, in which PH represents an important complication with, many times, difficult diagnosis.
Fonseca, Ana Valquiria Vasconcelos da. "Perfil sensorial, aceitaÃÃo e caracterizaÃÃo em compostos bioativos de nÃctares mistos de frutas tropicais." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13905.
Повний текст джерелаAs bebidas compostas com mais de uma fruta sÃo uma tendÃncia tanto do mercado nacional como internacional, apresentando vantagens, como complementaÃÃo dos nutrientes de diferentes frutas, possibilitando aumento das caracterÃsticas nutricionais e desenvolvimento de novos sabores. Apesar de sua grande expressÃo, ainda sÃo escassos os estudos envolvendo o levantamento dos atributos sensoriais que descrevem a qualidade de sucos e ou nÃctares mistos de frutas tropicais. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o perfil sensorial de nÃctares mistos de frutas tropicais, alÃm de avaliar suas caracterÃsticas quÃmicas, fÃsico-quÃmicas, reolÃgicas e a aceitaÃÃo sensorial. Para isso, foram utilizadas polpas pasteurizadas e congeladas de frutas tropicais dos sabores de abacaxi, acerola, cajÃ, caju, goiaba e manga fornecidas por empresa produtora no CearÃ, Ãgua potÃvel para diluiÃÃo e sacarose, sendo formulados nÃctares mistos a partir desses seis sabores de polpas de frutas tropicais, totalizando 15 formulaÃÃes diferentes. Os nÃctares mistos foram processados com um teor de 35% de polpa, sendo composto por duas polpas distintas utilizadas na mesma proporÃÃo, com um valor fixo de sÃlidos solÃveis de 11 ÂBrix. As polpas e os nÃctares mistos foram avaliados quanto Ãs suas caracterÃsticas quÃmicas e fÃsico-quÃmicas de pH, sÃlidos solÃveis totais (ÂBrix), acidez total titulÃvel, aÃÃcares redutores e totais, teor de vitamina C, carotenÃides totais, antocianinas totais, flavonÃides totais, polifenÃis extraÃveis totais, parÃmetros de cor e atividade antioxidante total. A partir das quinze formulaÃÃes obtidas, foram realizados testes sensoriais de aceitaÃÃo com delineamento de blocos completos para posterior estudo do perfil sensorial daqueles mais bem aceitos. Os nÃctares que apresentaram mÃdia igual ou superior a 7,0 (âgostei moderadamenteâ) no teste de aceitaÃÃo foram avaliados por AnÃlise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQÂ). Para esta anÃlise, inicialmente os provadores foram recrutados por questionÃrios e prÃ-selecionados atravÃs de testes triangulares e anÃlise seqÃencial de Wald. O levantamento dos termos descritivos foi realizado pelos provadores reunidos em grupo, sob a supervisÃo de um moderador, onde os provadores avaliaram cada uma das cinco formulaÃÃes de nÃctares mistos e descreveram todos os termos descritivos que caracterizavam cada uma das amostras com relaÃÃo aos atributos de aparÃncia, aroma, sabor e textura. Por meio de vÃrias outras sessÃes cada descritor foi consensualmente definido, juntamente com suas referÃncias e elaborada a ficha de avaliaÃÃo das amostras. Nove julgadores foram selecionados para compor a equipe final, utilizando como critÃrios o poder discriminativo, reprodutibilidade dos resultados e consenso com a equipe. Cinco amostras de nÃctares de frutas tropicais foram avaliadas em trÃs sessÃes, segundo delineamento de blocos completos balanceados. Ainda foi realizado um teste de aceitaÃÃo com os nÃctares mistos utilizados na ADQ com 100 provadores nÃo treinados. Foi avaliado tambÃm o comportamento reolÃgico desses nÃctares mistos de frutas tropicais atravÃs de um reÃmetro rotacional de cilindros concÃntricos. Por fim, foi realizada uma correlaÃÃo entre os dados fÃsico-quÃmicos, quÃmicos, sensoriais e reolÃgicos. Para a anÃlise dos resultados, foi utilizada anÃlise de variÃncia (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey pelo programa estatÃstico SAS. Para a visualizaÃÃo do perfil sensorial das amostras, utilizou-se o grÃfico aranha e a AnÃlise de Componentes Principais (ACP). De acordo com os resultados, observou-se que todas as polpas de frutas se encontraram de acordo com as normas exigidas pela legislaÃÃo brasileira e/ou em concordÃncia com outros autores para os parÃmetros quÃmicos, fÃsico-quÃmicos e microbiolÃgicos. Todos os nÃctares mistos apresentaram resultados quÃmicos e fÃsico-quÃmicos de acordo com a literatura disponÃvel, possuindo caracterÃsticas bastante semelhantes, com a diferenÃa para aqueles que possuem acerola em sua formulaÃÃo, pois estes apresentaram maiores valores de vitamina C e atividade antioxidante total. O perfil sensorial das amostras mostrado atravÃs do grÃfico aranha foi bem definido para cada uma das amostras, principalmente pelo fato de as mesmas possuÃrem caracterÃsticas bem distintas. Os nÃctares tambÃm apresentaram boa repetibilidade quando observado o grÃfico da AnÃlise de Componentes Principais (ACP), apresentando pequeno tamanho da figura geomÃtrica ou atà mesmo imperceptÃvel uma vez que as repetiÃÃes ficaram na mesma linha. Em relaÃÃo ao comportamento reolÃgico das amostras, foram obtidos bons ajustes tanto no modelo de Ostwald-de-Waelle quanto no de Casson, sendo caracterizadas como fluidos nÃo newtonianos com caracterÃsticas pseudoplÃsticas. Os nÃctares apresentaram vÃrias correlaÃÃes positivas e negativas entre os dados fÃsico-quÃmicos, quÃmicos e sensoriais.
The composite beverages with more than one fruit is a tendency of both national and international market, offering advantages such as nutrient supplementation of different fruits, allowing increased nutritional characteristics and development of new flavors. Despite its great expression, are still few studies involving the removal of the sensory attributes describing the quality of juices and nectars mixed tropical fruits. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the sensory profile of mixed tropical fruit nectars, and to evaluate their chemical, physicochemical, rheological and sensory acceptance characteristics. For this, pasteurized and frozen pulps tropical fruit were used such as of pineapple, acerola, caja, cashew apple, guava and mango provided by producer in CearÃ, water for dilution and sucrose, being formulated mixed nectars from these six pulps of tropical fruits, totaling 15 different formulations. All mixed nectars were processed with a content of 35% pulp, being composed of two distinct pulps used in the same proportion, with a fixed amount of soluble solids of 11 ÂBrix. The pulps and mixed nectars were evaluated for their chemical and physico- chemical characteristics of pH, total soluble solids (ÂBrix), total acidity, total and reducing sugars, vitamin C, total carotenoids, total anthocyanins, total flavonoids, total extractable polyphenols, color parameters and total antioxidant activity. From fifteen formulations obtained, sensory acceptance tests with randomized complete block for further study of the sensory profile of those most well accepted were performed. Nectars with a mean equal to or greater than 7.0 in acceptance testing were evaluated by Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDAÂ ). For this analysis, the tasters were initially recruited by questionnaires and pre - selected by triangular tests and Wald sequential analysis. The survey of descriptive terms was performed by assessors gathered in groups under the supervision of a moderator, where panelists evaluated each of the five mixed nectars formulations described all descriptive terms that characterized each sample with respect to appearance, aroma, flavor and texture attributes. Through various other sessions each descriptor has been consensually defined, along with their references and elaborated the evaluation ballot. Nine judges were selected for the final team, using as criteria the discrimination, reproducibility of results and consensus with the team. Five samples of mixed nectars of tropical fruits were evaluated in three sessions, according balanced complete blocks. Still an acceptance test with mixed nectars used in QDAÂ was performed for hundred untrained. It was also rated the rheological behavior of these mixed nectars of tropical fruits through a concentric cylinder rheometer. Finally, a correlation between the physicochemical, chemical, sensory and rheological data was performed. To analyze the results, were used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test using SAS statistical software. To visualize the sensory profile of the samples, were used the spider graph and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). According to the results, it was observed that all pulps were found in accordance with the standards required by the legislation or in accordance with other authors for the chemical, physicochemical and microbiological parameters. All mixed nectars showed chemical and physicochemical results according to the available literature, having very similar characteristics, except for those with acerola in its formulation, since they showed higher vitamin C and total antioxidant activity. The sensory profile of the samples shown through the spider graph has been well defined for each of the samples, mainly because they have the same distinct characteristics. Nectars also showed good repeatability when observing the graph of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), with small geometric figure or even unnoticeable once the reps were on the same line. Regarding the rheological behavior of the samples, good fits were obtained in both the Ostwald-de-Waelle as in Casson model, being characterized as non-Newtonian fluids with pseudoplastic characteristics. Nectars showed several positive and negative correlations between the physicochemical, chemical and sensory data.
Queiroz, Herlene Greyce da Silveira. "Qualidade sensorial e físico-quimica de méis de abelha melifera (Apis mellifera) produzidos a partir de diferents origens florais no Estado do Ceará." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/17564.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical-chemical and sensory quality of the honey bee (Apis melifera) produced from different floral sources in the State of Ceará. Five samples were used (A, B, C, D, E) that, after melissopalynological analysis showed up, respectively, with a predominance of: Bindens tinctoria, Borreria verticillata, Anacardium occidentale, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia and polifloral sample. The analyses of reducing sugars, moisture, ash, pH, water activity, color and viscosity were performed for the physical-chemical characterization. To verify the safety of honey, were conducted microbiological testing of the coliform 45º, salmonella sp., yeasts and molds. In the development of sensory profiles, the method employed was the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA). By testing for recognition of odor, basic taste, triangle tests and Wald sequential analysis, judges were selected for the panel descriptive. The descriptive terminology was generated by the Repertory Grid Method. The discrimination, reproducibility and consensus with the sensory panel were used in the final selection of judges. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis univariate (ANOVA), test averages of Tukey, multivariate analysis of Principal Components Analysis (ACP), and graphical representation of boxplot and spider graph. For the measure of acceptability 9-point hedonic scale, intent of consumption scales of 5-point purchase intent were used for 100 judges. The honey showed up safe can be used in the sensory analysis. For the physical-chemical parameters of humidity, water activity, color and viscosity, samples presented significant differences (p _< 0,05). In the Descriptive analysis, the samples differed significantly in seven descriptors. A graphic representation showed distinct sensory profiles for samples A and C and similar profiles to the samples B, D and E. Some descriptors characterized and quantify sensory differences between the samples and established a sensory profile for the honey bee, produced from different floral sources in the State of Ceará. The sample B (Borreria verticillata) showed greater acceptance hedonic and consumption and positive attitude for consumers. The honey, Anacardium occidentale (Sample C) obtained a lower acceptance in the major of attributes.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a qualidade sensorial e físico – química de méis da abelha melífera (Apis mellifera) produzidos a partir de diferentes origens florais no Estado do Ceará. Foram utilizadas cinco amostras (A, B, C, D, E) que, após análises melissopalinológicas, apresentaram-se, respectivamente, com predominância de: Margaridinha (Bidens tinctoria), Vassourinha de botão (Borreria verticillata), Cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale), Sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) e amostra polifloral. Realizaram – se as análises de açúcares redutores, umidade, cinzas, pH, atividade de água, cor e viscosidade para a caracterização físico - química. Para verificação da inocuidade dos méis, foram realizadas análises microbiológicas de coliformes a 45º, salmonela, bolores e leveduras. No desenvolvimento de perfis sensoriais, empregou-se o método de Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ) adaptado de Stone et al. (1974). Através de testes de reconhecimento de odor, gostos básicos, testes triangulares e Análise Seqüencial Wald, selecionaram – se provadores para a equipe descritiva. A terminologia descritiva foi gerada através do método rede (Repertory Grid Method). Os critérios poder discriminativo, reprodutibilidade e consenso com a equipe sensorial foram utilizados na seleção final de provadores. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística univariada (ANOVA), teste de médias de Tukey, análise multivariada de componentes principais (ACP) e representação gráfica de boxplot e gráfico aranha. Para a medida de aceitabilidade empregaram-se as escalas de nove pontos hedônicas estruturadas mistas, atitude de consumo e a escala de cinco pontos de intenção de compra com 100 provadores. Os méis apresentaram-se inócuos podendo ser utilizados na análise sensorial. Quanto aos parâmetros físico-químicos de umidade, atividade de água, cor e viscosidade as amostras apresentaram diferenças significativas (p 0,05). Na Análise Descritiva, as amostras diferiram significativamente em sete descritores. A representação gráfica evidenciou perfis sensoriais distintos para as amostras A e C e perfis semelhantes para as amostras B, D e E. Alguns descritores levantados caracterizaram e quantificaram as diferenças sensoriais entre as amostras e estabeleceram um perfil sensorial para o mel de abelha elaborado a partir de diferentes origens florais no Estado do Ceará. A amostra B (vassourinha de botão) apresentou maior aceitação hedônica e de consumo e atitude positiva de compra junto aos consumidores. O mel de cajueiro (Amostra C) obteve uma menor aceitação na maioria dos atributos avaliados
Rangmark, Ulrika, and Konstantin Sidorenko. "Genus & Mat : en analys av "Mat" och "Vad blir det för mat?" utifrån ett genus- och dramaturgiskt perspektiv." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24696.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this study was to examine the interaction between gender and cooking, and how their roles unfolding in cooking programs. A selection of previous research that addresses our specific topic and how our study differs from those found in chapter two. Using the two methods quantitative and qualitative content analysis analyzed the contents of selected passages from "Mat" and "Vad blir det för mat? '. The selection of the sections studied were made with a systematic sample. With Erving Goffman's theory and selected key concepts created a coding scheme which we then applied in the study analysis section. We have a detailed manner studied programs to see who is doing what and how it is presented with a gender perspective in mind. What we came up with was that gender was a significant factor for the primary differences in the programs, which in turn affected the actors' roles.
Mello, Fabio Magalhães de. "Chocoloate meio amargo contendo substituintes da sacarose e redução do teor de gordura : caracterização sensorial por analise descritiva quantitativa e analise tempo-intensidade." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254225.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Mestrado
Consumo e Qualidade de Alimentos
Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição
Morais, Elisa Carvalho de 1985. "Perfil sensorial e físico de pães de forma sem glúten com adição de prebióticos e edulcorantes." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254248.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O pão e outros produtos à base de cereal se tornaram alimentos de ¿primeira necessidade¿ em todo o mundo e estão atualmente instituídos como parte integrante de diversas dietas modernas. O alto consumo deste produto no Brasil e nos mercados internacionais, e a crescente procura dos consumidores por produtos alimentícios, não somente saborosos e nutritivos, mas que também tragam benefício à saúde, estimula o estudo da adição de prebióticos e edulcorantes. Na primeira parte deste trabalho, que avaliou os efeitos da adição dos prebióticos, inulina e frutooligossacarídeos, nas concentrações de 1, 2 e 4%, nas propriedades físicas e sensoriais de pães de forma sem glúten, a adição de 2% de inulina e 2% de FOS apresentou boa aceitação e maior intenção de compra pelos consumidores. No segundo estudo seis formulações de pães sem glúten foram avaliadas por 15 assessores celíacos treinados que identificaram 15 termos descritores para aparência, aroma, sabor e textura. Foi realizado teste de aceitação com 123 consumidores, não celíacos, de pão de forma. As amostras apresentaram diferença significativa entre si (p<0,05) para todos os atributos avaliados na ADQ. Por meio da correlação dos quadrados mínimos parciais entre as amostras, em relação aos atributos da ADQ e impressão global do teste de aceitação, observou-se que as variáveis mais significativas para discriminação entre as amostras foram cor da casca, aroma de fermento, doçura e textura de borracha. No terceiro estudo objetivou-se avaliar os pães de forma sem glúten por meio de outro teste de aceitação, com 32 consumidores celíacos, assim como avaliar o comportamento tempo-intensidade para os atributos gosto doce e sabor de fermento. Análises físico-químicas também foram realizadas com o intuito de estudar a qualidade global dos pães. Os consumidores celíacos apresentaram boa intenção de compra em relação às amostras de pão de forma sem glúten, sendo que a amostra com adição de FOS apresentou maior média para este parâmetro. Os pães apresentaram boas características físico-químicas mostrando a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de pães de forma sem glúten e naturais, com propriedades funcionais e características desejáveis aos consumidores celíacos
Abstract: Bread and other cereal-based products have become ¿first necessity¿ food in the world and are now established as an integral part of many modern diets. The high consumption of this product in Brazil and international markets and the growing consumer demand for food products, which not only are tasty and nutritious, but also that bring health benefits, encourage the study of prebiotics and sweeteners addition. In the first part of this study, which evaluated the effects of prebiotics incorporation, inulin and fructooligosaccharides, in concentrations of 1%, 2% and 4%, to gluten-free breads on physical and sensorial properties, the addition of 2% inulin and 2% FOS had good acceptance and greater purchase intent by consumers. In the second study, six gluten-free bread formulations were evaluated by 15 trained celiac assessors who identified 15 descriptors terms of appearance, aroma, taste and texture. Acceptance test was conducted with 123 not celiac bread consumers. Samples presented significant differences amongst them (p<0.05) for all attributes in the QDA. By partial least squares correlation between samples, in relation to the attributes of the QDA and overall impression of the acceptance test, it was observed that the most significant variables to discriminate among the samples were color crust, yeast flavor, sweetness and rubber texture. The third study aimed at evaluating the glutenfree breads through another acceptance test, with 32 celiac consumers, as well as evaluating the time-intensity behavior for the attributes of sweetness and yeast taste. Physical-chemical analyses were also performed in order to study the breads overall quality. Celiac consumers presented good purchase intention for the gluten-free bread samples, and the sample added with FOS had a higher mean value for this parameter. Gluten-free breads presented good physical-chemical characteristics showing the potential development of gluten-free and natural breads, with functional properties and desirable characteristics for celiac consumers
Mestrado
Consumo e Qualidade de Alimentos
Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição
Paixão, Juliana Alves 1989. "Caracterização e avaliação sensorial de bebida preparada com achocolatado em pó, adoçada com diferentes edulcorantes." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254257.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: A exigência por dietas controladas têm demonstrado um crescimento exacerbado, sendo que dentre elas destacam-se as dietas com redução calórica e restrição de açúcares, com intuito de prevenir doenças como a obesidade, além da busca pelo emagrecimento e de uma estética corporal "perfeita". Em função do aumento da procura por produtos dessa natureza, além da ampla aceitação de achocolatados em pó apresentadas pelo mercado consumidor, buscou-se o desenvolvimento de um alimento que atendesse às necessidades e preferências dos consumidores. Diante disso, o presente estudo objetivou formular diferentes amostras de bebida preparada com achocolatado em pó, contendo leite em pó integral e desnatado em duas diferentes temperaturas de consumo (6ºC e 45ºC), já apresentadas em outros estudos com bebidas solúveis, contendo cinco diferentes edulcorantes (Aspartame, Neosucralose (blend neotame, sucralose e assessulfame-K), Neotame, Stévia reb A 95% e Sucralose), os quais foram utilizados como substitutos da sacarose com o intuito de se obter um produto final com uma considerável redução calórica e semelhante sensorialmente a sacarose. As concentrações ideais de chocolate e sacarose foram determinadas através do teste de escala-do-ideal. As doçuras equivalentes foram determinadas utilizando-se estimação de magnitude e o poder edulcorante foi obtido através da Lei de Stevens. Visando a caracterização dos produtos formulados, foi realizado o teste sensorial descritivo. Conduziu-se uma Análise Descritiva Quantitativa com equipe treinada composta de 12 provadores, os quais avaliaram 17 termos descritores durante sessões individuais de análise. Para o teste tempo-intensidade foram analisados os atributos considerados mais relevantes (estímulo doce e amargo) para análise de bebida preparada com achocolatado em pó em função do tempo. Para que fosse possível analisar a opinião dos consumidores em relação às características sensoriais do produto foi realizada a avaliação afetiva através de teste de aceitação com 120 consumidores potenciais da bebida, onde os produtos foram estudados nas temperaturas de 6ºC e 45ºC, os quais foram avaliados quanto à aparência, aroma, sabor, amargor, textura, impressão global e intenção de compra. Na realização do estudo tempo intensidade para o estímulo doce, as amostras que apresentaram maior intensidade e duração nesse estímulo foram as amostras contendo neosucralose e sucralose. Quanto ao tempo-intensidade para o estímulo amargo a amostra preparada com neosucralose destacou-se quanto a intensidade e duração desse estímulo, caracterizando, o gosto amargo e o gosto residual amargo. Segundo os resultados encontrados, de uma forma geral a substituição da sacarose por sucralose e aspartame seria bem sucedida. Torna-se importante a realização de estudos sensoriais, já que produtos de diferentes matrizes podem manifestar-se de formas diferentes
Abstract: The requirement for controlled diets have demonstrated an overgrowth, and among them there stand out the calorie reduction and restriction of sugars, in order to prevent diseases such as obesity and pursuit of thinness and an aesthetic body "perfect". Due to the increased demand for such products and therefore this increased market demand, we sought to develop a food that meets the needs and preferences of consumers. Therefore, this study aimed to formulate different samples of chocolate milk beverage containing whole and skimmed milk powder at two different temperatures of consumption (6 º C and 45 º C ), already presented in other studies with soluble beverages, containing five different sweeteners ( Aspartame, Neosucralose ( blend neotame , sucralose and assessulfame -K ) , neotame , Stevia reb A 95% sucralose ) , which were used as substitutes for sucrose in order to obtain a final product with a considerable calorie reduction and the like sensory sucrose. The optimal concentrations of chocolate and sucrose were determined with the Just- About- Right scale. Equivalent sweetness was determined using magnitude estimation and sweetening power was obtained by Stevens Law. Aiming the characterization of formulated products, the descriptive sensory test was performed. The Quantitative Descriptive Analysis was conducted with trained team of 12 tasters who defined 17 terms descriptors during individual sessions of analysis. To the time - intensity test were deemed most relevant attributes (sweet and bitter stimulus) for chocolate milk beverage for analysis with chocolate beverage powder as a function of time were analyzed. To make possible to analyze consumer opinion regarding sensory characteristics was performed acceptance with 120 potential consumers of the drink , the products were studied at temperatures of 6 ° C and 45 ° C test, which were evaluated appearance, odor , flavor, bitterness , texture, overall impression and purchase intent . In relation the time intensity study for sweet stimulus, samples with greater intensity and duration in this stimulus were samples containing neosucralose and sucralose. In relation the time intensity study for sweet stimulus, samples with greater intensity and duration in this stimulus were samples containing neosucralose and sucralose. Regarding the time - intensity to the bitter stimulus, samples prepared with neosucralose stood out in relation intensity and duration for this stimulus, featuring the bitter taste and residual bitter taste. According to the results, in general the substitution of sucrose by sucralose and aspartame would be successful. It is important to undertake sensory studies, since products of different matrices can manifest itself in different ways
Mestrado
Consumo e Qualidade de Alimentos
Mestra em Alimentos e Nutrição
Lins, da Silva Alessandra Cazelatto de Medeiros 1988. "Determinação do perfil sensorial descritivo, perfil tempo-intensidade e estudo de consumidor de néctar de pêssego (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) adoçado com sacarose e diferentes edulcorantes." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254255.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O estudo teve como objetivo elaborar a formulação do néctar de pêssego, verificar a equivalência de doçura de cada edulcorante em relação à sacarose e traçar o perfil sensorial e o comportamento do consumidor diante desse produto, utilizando a análise sensorial com ferramenta de estudo, para determinar o melhor substituto para a sacarose. Na caracterização físico-química da polpa de pêssego obteve-se 1,26% de ácido cítrico para acidez titulável, 6,25mg de ácido ascórbico para 100g de polpa, 8,00 °Brix para sólidos solúveis; 3,65 para pH; e com relação à cor, 50,87 para L*, 9,67 para a* e 30,85 para b*. A quantidade de sacarose em néctar de pêssego considerada ideal pelos consumidores pelo teste de determinação da doçura ideal foi de 8,6 %. A concentração equivalente de cada edulcorante para substituir a sacarose no néctar de pêssego foi: 0,0169 % de sucralose; 0,0018 % de neotame; 0,1055 % de estévia com 40 % de rebaudiosídeo A; 0,1055 % de estévia com 95 % de rebaudiosídeo A; e 0,0332 % de blend de acessulfame-k, sucralose e neotame (100:50:1). A análise descritiva quantitativa descreveu as amostras de néctar de pêssego utilizando 20 termos descritores com relação a aparência (cor amarela, brilho, viscosidade aparente e presença de partículas), aroma (aroma de pêssego, aroma doce, aroma ácido e aroma de pêssego cozido), sabor (sabor de pêssego, gosto doce, residual doce, gosto amargo, residual amargo, acidez, sabor de pêssego cozido, adstringência e sabor de chá preto) e textura (viscosidade, corpo e cremosidade). As curvas tempo-intensidade para o estímulo doce mostraram que a amostra preparada com sucralose apresentou perfil sensorial mais próximo da amostra preparada com sacarose, não sendo caracterizada pela intensidade e duração do estímulo doce. Na análise tempo-intensidade para o estímulo amargo foi verificado que as amostras preparadas com sucralose e blend de acessulfame-K/sucralose/neotame (100:50:1) apresentaram perfis sensoriais mais próximos da amostra preparada com sacarose, sendo caracterizadas pela baixa intensidade e duração do gosto amargo e residual amargo. A diferença de rebaudiosídeo A nas amostras preparadas com estévia interferiu substancialmente nos termos descritores de amargor e residual amargo, evidenciando que quanto maior é a porcentagem de Rebaudiosídeo, menor a intensidade do amargor em néctar de pêssego. Os termos descritores gosto amargo, sabor residual amargo, adstringência e sabor de chá preto apresentaram influência negativa na aceitação pelos provadores. No entanto os termos descritores viscosidade aparente e cremosidade apresentaram influência positiva na aceitação das amostras de néctar de pêssego. Considerando todos os resultados obtidos na análise sensorial, as amostras preparadas com sucralose e blend de acessulfame-K, sucralose e neotame (100:50:1) apresentaram perfis sensoriais mais próximos da amostra adoçada com sacarose, apresentando aceitação semelhante pelos consumidores. Sendo assim, foram considerados os edulcorantes com maior potencial para substituição da sacarose para desenvolvimento de néctar de pêssego dietético
Abstract: The study aimed to develop a formulation of peach nectar, to verify the sweetness equivalence of each sweetener compared to sucrose and to analyze the sensory profiling and consumer behavior on this product using sensory analysis to study tool, to determine the best replacement for sucrose, yielding a product intended for diabetics. In physico-chemical characterization of peach pulp was obtained 1.26% of citric acid for titulable acidity, 6.25mg of ascorbic acid per 100g of pulp, to 8.00 ° Brix for soluble solids, 3.65 for pH , and about color 50.87 for L *, and 9.67 for a * and 30.85 for b *. The amount of sucrose in peach nectar considered ideal for the ideal sweetness test was 8.6 %. The equivalent concentration of each sweetener to replace sucrose in the peach nectar was: 0.0169 % of sucralose, neotame of 0.0018 %, 0.1055 % of stevia with 40% Rebaudioside A, 0.1055 % of stevia with 95% Rebaudioside A, and 0.0332 % for blend of acesulfame -K, sucralose and neotame (100:50:1). The quantitative descriptive analysis described samples peach nectar using 20 descriptors terms with respect to appearance (yellow color, brightness, viscosity and particulate presence), flavor (peach aroma, sweet aroma, acid aroma and peach cooked aroma), flavor (peach flavor, sweet taste, residual sweet, bitter taste, residual bitterness, acidity, peach cooked flavor, astringency and black tea flavor) and texture (viscosity, body and creaminess). The time-intensity curve for sweet stimulus showed that the sample prepared with sucralose presented sensory profile similar to the sample prepared with sucrose and is not characterized by the intensity and duration of the sweet stimulus. In the time-intensity analysis for the bitter stimulus was determined that the samples prepared with sucralose and blend of acesulfame-K, sucralose and neotame (100:50:1) showed sensory profiles more similar to the sample prepared with sucrose being characterized by low intensity and duration of the bitter taste and residual bitter taste. The difference of Rebaudioside A in samples with stevia substantially interfered in the attributes bitter taste and residual bitterness, indicating that the greater the percentage of Rebaudioside A, the lower the intensity of bitterness in peach nectar. The descriptors terms bitter taste, bitter aftertaste, astringency and flavor of black tea had a negative influence on the acceptance by the panelists. However the descriptors terms viscosity and creaminess had positive influence on the acceptance of samples peach nectar. Considering all the results obtained in the sensory analysis, the samples prepared with sucralose and blend of acesulfame-K, sucralose and neotame (100:50:1) had sensory profiles closer to the sample sweetened with sucrose, presenting similar consumer acceptance. Therefore, were considered the sweetener with the greatest potential for substitution of sucrose for development of peach nectar diet
Mestrado
Consumo e Qualidade de Alimentos
Mestra em Alimentos e Nutrição
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Повний текст джерелаChateigner, Daniel. "Analyse Quantitative de Texture: un outil d'interprétation des propriétés anisotropes entre poudre et monocristal; ou, "Quantitative Texture Analysis: a Pot Pourri"." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université du Maine, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003747.
Повний текст джерелаL'intérêt de l'analyse quantitative des orientations préférentielles (QTA) a joué un rôle primordial dans le passé, et encore aujourd'hui, par exemple pour optimiser les propriétés mécaniques d'alliages métalliques, pour comprendre les déformations mises en jeu dans certains phénomènes géophysiques ou pour limiter les pertes de matière lors de procédés industriels.
Récemment, l'élaboration de matériaux aux propriétés physiques très anisotropes a relancé un intérêt croissant pour l'analyse texturale. C'est le cas pour les ferro et piézo-électriques, les supraconducteurs, les conducteurs ioniques, les matériaux composites, les polymères ... L'utilisation de la diffraction (rayons X, neutrons et électrons) a aujourd'hui largement remplacé les anciennes méthodes pétrographiques (principalement microscopies optiques en lumière polarisée), qualitatives et souvent incomplètes:
- pour le calcul de certaines propriétés physiques macroscopiques, conséquences de tenseurs anisotropes (propriétés mécaniques, propagation anisotrope des ondes acoustiques, propriétés magnétiques), qui peuvent être modélisées en introduisant des données de QTA.
- pour comprendre la corrélation qui existe entre les tenseurs microscopiques et leur répercutions macroscopique dans des échantillons polycristallins texturés (piézo et ferroélectricité ...)
- pour déterminer les modes de croissance (épitaxie ...), donc optimiser l'élaboration.
La limite de certaines techniques d'investigation structurale a aussi pu être repoussée grâce à l'incorporation des informations de QTA. Par exemple:
- en EXAFS, grâce à l'emploi combiné de l'EXAFS polarisé et de la QTA, pour atteindre des paramètres structuraux particuliers
- en couplant les analyses Rietveld et WIMV pour l'analyse combinée structure-texture-contraintes
- en analyse de texture elle-même, en utilisant les méthodes du profil complet pour l'étude de la texture de composés partiellement cristallisés ou turbostratiques,
Ces approches sont décrites dans ce travail.
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Повний текст джерелаvocabulary, because of its cumulative effect, can be studied with statistical means.
El presente trabajo se centra en el estudio de la distribución del léxico en corpus y su
cometido es el análisis de las relaciones existentes entre los conceptos a través de los
términos que estos designan. La hipótesis de partida es que podemos analizar conceptos estudiando los contextos de aparición de los términos que los designan, utilizando para ello las estadísticas de coocurrencia de los términos en ventanas de contexto de n palabras. La tesis presenta un modelo computacional en forma de grafos de coocurrencia de términos donde los nodos representan términos simples o sintagmáticos. Dado un término analizado, se deriva un grafo para ese término a partir de un corpus. A medida que los textos se analizan, cada vez que dos términos aparecen juntos en una misma ventana de contexto, los nodos que los representan se conectan entre sí mediante un arco o bien fortalecen su conexión si ya la tenían. Este grafo es presentado como un modelo de aprendizaje, y como tal es evaluado mediante experimentos en que un ordenador resuelve tareas propias del análisis conceptual. Estas tareas incluyen determinar cuándo una palabra o secuencia de palabras dentro de un texto hace referencia a un concepto definido, así como determinar algunas de las propiedades más importantes de este concepto, tal como sus relaciones taxonómicas. Otras tareas son las de determinar cuándo una misma palabra puede hacer referencia a más de un concepto (casos de homonimia o polisemia) o determinar cuándo distintas palabras hacen referencia a un mismo concepto (casos de sinonimia o equivalencia entre lenguas o variedades dialectales). Como una interpretación lingüística de estos fenómenos, esta tesis extrae una generalización en el plano del anàlisis del discurso: las propiedades de los grafos de coocurrencia léxica surgen gracias a la tendencia que tienen los autores de textos argumentativos de mencionar algunas de las propiedades más importantes de los conceptos que introducen en el discurso. Esto ocurre sobre todo al inicio del discurso, con el objeto de asegurar que los principios entre lector y autor son compartidos. Cada autor predicará distintas informaciones acerca de un determinado concepto, pero los autores que traten sobre un mismo tema tendrán tendencia a partir de una misma base y esta coincidencia se manifestará en la selección del léxico que, por su efecto acumulativo, puede ser estudiada de manera estadística.
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Повний текст джерелаApplied Science, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Повний текст джерела