Готові списки джерел за темами / Quantification des services

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Quantification des services"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 13 грудня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Quantification des services"

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Kolenka, I., and K. Pulkrab. "The financing of non-market forest services." Journal of Forest Science 48, No. 11 (May 22, 2019): 508–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/11919-jfs.

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Анотація:
The article deals with issues of non-market forest services. There is a persistent issue complicating the quantification of adequate subsidy to forest owners – non-existence of market with such forest services. Forest services financing can be made objective by implementation of the following steps: 1. Earmarking of non-market forest services that are becoming market subjects gradually. 2. Earmarking of non-market forest services that create a secondary product of wood production function. 3. Quantification of demand for services. 4. Quantification of costs necessary to cover the demand for those forest services. 5. Quantification of losses caused to forest owners by restricting their economic activities.
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Sagoff, Mark. "The quantification and valuation of ecosystem services." Ecological Economics 70, no. 3 (January 2011): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.10.006.

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3

Hammami, Wiem, Ilhem Souissi, and Lamjed Ben Said. "A New Fuzzy-Based Approach for Anonymity Quantification in E-Services." International Journal of Information Security and Privacy 8, no. 3 (July 2014): 13–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisp.2014070102.

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Анотація:
In online services, making anonymous transactions is a crucial need in order to ensure the user's trust towards a particular service. In this context, anonymity quantification is required to provide at which level the e-service respects the user privacy regarding the link between his/her identity and actions. Most of the existing researches are limited to the anonymity quantification in a static way and based, mainly, on the user's set size. In this paper, the authors propose a new multi-agent based approach for anonymity quantification in e-services considering dynamic and mobile environment's characteristics. The authors' quantification is based on the fuzzy logic. It is based not only on the anonymity set size, which is always known in advance, but also on a set of other criteria such as the number of users and the priori and posteriori knowledge about internal and external attackers of an e-service. The carried out experimentations show competitive and better results when compared to other recently proposed anonymity quantification.
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4

JO, Hyo-Seon, and Suk-Mo LEE. "Quantification of the Forest Ecosystem Components and Services." Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education 28, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.13000/jfmse.2016.28.2.391.

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5

Kleinhans, Jörn, and Powell Thurston. "Damage Quantification: The Market for Structured Credit Advisory Services." Journal of Structured Finance 15, no. 2 (July 31, 2009): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jsf.2009.15.2.053.

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6

Paulin, M. J., R. P. Remme, D. C. J. van der Hoek, B. de Knegt, K. R. Koopman, A. M. Breure, M. Rutgers, and T. de Nijs. "Towards nationally harmonized mapping and quantification of ecosystem services." Science of The Total Environment 703 (February 2020): 134973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134973.

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Li, Yingjie, Liwei Zhang, Jiangxiao Qiu, Junping Yan, Luwen Wan, Pengtao Wang, Ningke Hu, Wei Cheng, and Bojie Fu. "Spatially explicit quantification of the interactions among ecosystem services." Landscape Ecology 32, no. 6 (May 10, 2017): 1181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-017-0527-6.

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Huh, Kyoung Tae, Youseok Lee, and Sang-Hoon Kim. "Self-Quantification of Services: Cost of Real-Time Feedback." Journal of Business Research 164 (September 2023): 113947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113947.

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Zhang, Sining. "Applying the Landscape Services Concept in Landscape Research: A Review." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 05, no. 04 (December 31, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.050401.

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Анотація:
Considerable attention has been given to the concept of landscape services since the development of research on ecosystem services. However, from the landscape perspective, there are numerous challenges and unanswered issues regarding landscape services. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review about the state-of-the-art concept of landscape services and its corresponding approaches while trying to set up a foundation for further discussions. First, the definitions and classifications of ecosystem services and landscape services are presented. Second, the relationship between ecosystem services and landscape services, and the studies that integrate ecosystem services into landscape research, are discussed. Finally, an overview is provided concerning research conducted at multiple scales, and the various assessment and quantification methods used for mapping and studying landscape services, even though there are many challenges in establishing a comprehensive approach for such quantification and mapping.
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Cao, Jin, and Monica Menendez. "Quantification of potential cruising time savings through intelligent parking services." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 116 (October 2018): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.06.010.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Quantification des services"

1

Elderbrock, Evan. "Revealing Promising Pathways for Increasing Urban Ecosystem Services: An Approach Combining Stakeholder Priorities with Ecosystem Service Quantification." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/24232.

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Анотація:
Urban development diminishes the delivery of ecosystem services (ES), defined as benefits from ecological processes and functions critical to human health and well-being. Land-use planners and environmental managers are increasingly familiar with the concept of ES; however, methods for incorporating ES into urban planning are underdeveloped. While previous reports have identified the combination of ES quantification and stakeholder engagement as necessary for increasing the delivery of ES, methods of implementation remain unexplored. To address this disparity, this study combines ES quantification with perspectives from multiple stakeholders to identify specific land cover conversion scenarios that increase the delivery of ES in the Friendly Area Neighborhood of Eugene, Oregon and compares each conversion scenario using an informed weighting system. The result is a method, with potential for use by researchers and public officials, to quantify the delivery of ES, identify stakeholders’ ES priorities, and assess the benefits associated with green infrastructure development.
2020-01-11
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2

Mballo, Souleymane. "Quantification et modélisation des services climatiques rendus par les arbres dans une rue canyon." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARD097.

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Le changement climatique global et les épisodes extrêmes qu’il induit sont devenus l’un des enjeux majeurs de ce siècle. La compréhension du microclimat en milieu urbain suscite une attention croissante de la part des chercheurs depuis quelques années, en raison des phénomènes de surchauffe observés en ville et de la densité de population qui en font un environnement sensible aux vagues de chaleur. De nombreuses études ont montré que la végétation peut réduire la température de l’air en ville, mais ces bénéfices dépendent de l'environnement construit, et de nombreuses variables souvent non maitrisées en ville, comme la disponibilité de l'eau pour les végétaux. Dans ce contexte, ce travail de thèse vise à analyser et quantifier les services climatiques rendus dans une rue canyon par des arbres en confort hydrique. Elle s’appuie sur une double approche associant expérimentation et modélisation. Des campagnes de terrain ont été réalisées sur une maquette arborée à l’échelle (1/5) installée en milieu extérieur sur le site de l’Institut Agro, à Angers, France. Sur le plan numérique, des simulations 2D du climat distribué en régime instationnaire ont été réalisés selon une approche de type CFD. Entre autres résultats, les travaux de cette thèse ont montré que la rue canyon crée une surchauffe pouvant aller jusqu’à 2.8 °C pendant la nuit, et jusqu'à 2.4°C pendant la journée, et que les arbres peuvent réduire la température de l'air dans la rue de 2.7 °C pendant la journée et améliorer le confort humain thermique en réduisant jusqu’à 8 °C les valeurs de l’UTCI à la mi-journée. Ce travail fournit des éléments de quantification qui pourront aider les décideurs dans leur politique d’aménagement
Global climate change and the extreme events it induces have become one of the major issues of this century. Understanding the microclimate in urban areas has received increasing attention from researchers in recent years, due to the overheating phenomena observed in cities and the population density that makes them a sensitive environment for heat waves. Several studies have shown that vegetation can reduce air temperature in cities, but these benefits depend on the built environment, and on many variables often not controlled in cities, such as water availability for plants. In this context, this thesis aims to analyze and quantify the climatic services provided in a canyon street by well-watered trees. It is based on a double approach combining experimentation and modeling. Field campaigns were carried out on a tree model at scale (1/5) installed in an outdoor environment on the site of the Institut Agro, in Angers, France. On the numerical approach, 2D simulations of the distributed climate in unsteady regime were performed using a CFD approach. Among other results, the work of this thesis showed that the canyon street creates overheating of up to 2.8 °C during the night, and up to 2.4 °C during the day, and that trees can reduce the air temperature in the street by 2.7 °C during the day, and improve human thermal comfort by reducing mid-day UTCI values by up to 8 °C. This work provides quantification elements that can help decision makers in their planning policies
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Sacco--Martret, de Préville Ambre. "Réseaux trophiques et services écosystémiques de régulation naturelle des communautés de carabes en champs de blé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARA091.

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Анотація:
L’un des enjeux de l’agriculture moderne est la réduction de l’utilisation d’intrants chimiques, dont celle de pesticides. La régulation naturelle, en particulier la lutte biologique par conservation, est un levier prometteur de la gestion intégrée des nuisibles. Les carabes, des arthropodes abondants et diversifiés en agroécosystème, sont considérés comme de bons candidats pour la lutte biologique de par leur consommation d’une large diversité de ravageurs et d’adventices. Ce régime alimentaire opportuniste se traduit cependant par la consommation d’auxiliaires de culture et complexifie l’estimation des services apportés par les carabes. Cette thèse avait pour objectif d’apporter un éclairage sur la dynamique temporelle des interactions trophiques entre les carabes et leurs ressources en milieu agricole, afin d’estimer le potentiel de régulation de ces prédateurs.L’agriculture par conservation, comparée à l’agriculture conventionnelle, s’est révélée avoir un effet bénéfique sur les communautés de carabes et sur la régulation des pucerons. L’analyse moléculaire de contenu stomacal des carabes nous a permis de confirmer que les carabes consomment des ravageurs et qu’en leur absence ils se maintiennent grâce à des proies alternatives. Toutefois, la détection d’une interaction trophique par analyse moléculaire dépend de nombreux facteurs comme la nature de la proie, la voracité du prédateur ou sa taille. Une expérience complémentaire a montré que l’analyse moléculaire tend à sous-estimer la prédation des pucerons relativement à celle des vers de terre, soulignant à nouveau le potentiel des carabes en tant qu'agent de biocontrôle
One major challenge of modern agriculture is to reduce the use of chemical inputs, particularly pesticides. Natural regulation, in particular conservation biological control, is a promising lever for integrated pest management. Carabids, abundant and diverse arthropods in agroecosystems, are considered good candidates for biological control due to their consumption of a wide variety of pests and weeds. However, this opportunistic diet also results in the consumption of auxiliaries and makes it difficult to estimate the services provided by carabids. This PhD aimed to shed light on the temporal dynamics of trophic interactions between carabid beetles and their resources in agroecosystems,in order to estimate the regulation potential of these predators. Conservation agriculture, compared to conventional agriculture, had a positive effect on carabid communities and aphid regulation. Molecular gut content analysis confirmed that carabids consume pests, including aphids, and that in the absence of pests they survive thanks to alternative preys. However, the detection of a trophic interaction by molecular analysis depends on many factors as prey identity, predator voracity and predator size. An additional study showed that molecular analysis tends to underestimate aphid predation relatively to earthworm predation, highlighting again the potential of carabids as biocontrol agents
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Bicking, Sabine [Verfasser]. "Quantification and mapping of regulating and provisioning ecosystem services in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany / Sabine Bicking." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1191179907/34.

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Noël, Guilhem. "Tension dans les services d’urgences : quantification, impact et outils d’aide à la gestion de l’aval des SU." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0686.

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La tension dans les SU est un défi de santé publique associée à une dégradation de la qualité des soins. Obj. 1: Valider un score de tension déductible des Résumés de Passages aux Urgences (RPU) pour une généralisation nationale. Identification (Delphi) de 15 indicateurs de tension consensuels. 2 Etudes prospectives validant des scores de tension dans les SU pédiatriques et adultes. Méthode visant à sélectionner les heures durant lesquelles le niveau de tension évalué par les soignants était consensuel. Le SOTU-RPU avait une AUC = 0,833 [0,814 - 0,851]. Le SOTU-RPU était associé à une altération de la qualité des soins Obj. 2: Prédire les d’hospitalisations et le besoin en lits des SU. Dans 1 étude prospective multicentrique nous avons développé un modèle automatisable (MA) prédictif de l’hospitalisation d’un patient en utilisant des variables disponibles dès le tri. Développé et validé sur 1 mois (11.653 patients) l’AUC du MA était de 0,815 [0,805–0,826] Développement d'un outil d’estimation du besoin minimum journalier en lits (BJML) à partir de l’historique des RPU. Appliqué à 15 SU pour l’année N+1, l’erreur était de 18 %. Obj. 3: impact de la tension sur la qualité des soins. Lors des épidémies hivernales pédiatriques la qualité des soins était dégradée avec une augmentation de 50 % des PSA . En utilisant le taux d’occupation du SU, dans une étude dans 2 SU pédiatriques sur 6 ans, la tension était associée à une diminution de l’adhésion aux recommandations concernant l’anaphylaxie; OR = 5,88 [1,88-18,0] et à une moindre compréhension parentale des consignes; OR = 3,972 [1,252-12,603]
Crowding in ED is a public health challenge associated with a deterioration in the quality of care. Obj. 1: Identification (Delphi) of 15 consensual crowding indicators. 2 Prospective studies validating crowding scores (SOTU) in pediatric and adult EDs. A method was proposed to select the hours during which the level of crowding assessed by caregivers was consensual. The AUC of SOTU was 0.833 [0.814-0.851]. SOTU was associated with an alteration in the quality of care. Obj 2: Predict hospitalizations and need for inpatient beds. In 1 prospective multicentre study we developed an automated model (MA) predictive of the hospitalization of a patient using variables available from triage. Developed and validated for 1 month (11,653 patients) the AUC of the MA was 0,815 [0,805-0,826]. Development of a tool for estimating the daily minimum bed requirement (BJML) based on the RPU history. Applied at 15 SU for the year N + 1, the error was 18%. Obj. 3: impact of tension on the quality of care. In winter pediatric epidemics, the quality of care was degraded with a 50% increase in patients LWBS. Using the SU occupancy rate, in a 2-year pediatric study, tension was associated with decreased adherence to anaphylaxis recommendations; OR = 5.88 [1.88-18.0] and less parental understanding of instructions; OR = 3.972 [1.252-12.603]
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Bartholomée, Océane. "Quantification de services écosystémiques de régulation à l'échelle locale. Indicateurs, protocoles de terrain et incertitudes - Cas des services de pollinisation et de régulation du climat global." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV060.

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Анотація:
Les services écosystémiques (SE) désignent les bénéfices fournis par les écosystèmes à la société. En France, la législation cherche à les intégrer dans les études d’impact environnemental avec la promulgation de la Loi pour la reconquête de la biodiversité, de la nature et des paysages (2016). Pour ce faire, il est nécessaire de développer des méthodes de terrain d’estimation des SE. C’est dans ce cadre qu’une collaboration entre le Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine et le bureau d’études EGIS Environnement a vu le jour, afin de répondre à la question : comment quantifier les SE à l’échelle locale ?Pour cela, nous avons étudié deux SE de régulation régulièrement évoqués dans le contexte du changement global. Le service de pollinisation est essentiel pour l’alimentation humaine et est au cœur de l’actualité de par les déclins des populations d’insectes pollinisateurs. Le SE de régulation du climat global par la séquestration de carbone par les écosystèmes est d’intérêt majeur en regard des changements climatiques récents et annoncés.Nous avons suivi les quatre étapes du développement d’un protocole. Premièrement, pour le SE de pollinisation entomophile qui possède de nombreuses définitions dans la littérature, nous avons établi par une revue bibliographique un cadre conceptuel afin de définir le SE de pollinisation et d’identifier les indicateurs et leurs méthodes de mesures. Nous avons choisi pour la suite d’adopter la définition du SE de pollinisation comme la capacité de l’écosystème à soutenir la pollinisation entomophile, i.e. la présence d’insectes pollinisateurs. Deuxièmement, nous avons abordé la question du choix des indicateurs pour l’estimation de ce SE. En effet, la capacité du SE de pollinisation peut être estimée par des indicateurs directs, liés à la présence des insectes pollinisateurs sur la parcelle, et des indicateurs indirects, liés aux ressources d’alimentation et de nidification sur la parcelle d’étude et dans le paysage. Nous avons comparé les mesures de ces deux types d’indicateurs estimés en vergers et en prairies. Les objectifs étaient de tester la cohérence entre ces deux types d’indicateurs pour le SE de pollinisation et la possibilité d’une simplification du protocole d’estimation en la basant uniquement sur des indicateurs indirects. Les indicateurs indirects n’expliquaient pas une part suffisante de la variabilité observée dans les mesures d’abondance et de richesse des pollinisateurs pour permettre simplification du protocole.Troisièmement, nous avons cherché à simplifier le protocole d’estimation du SE de la régulation du climat global par la mesure des stocks de carbone en prairies et en forêts. Pour cela, nous avons comparé les estimations obtenues par des protocoles simplifiés à celles obtenues par un protocole plus complet et mesuré les incertitudes causées par ces simplifications. Le protocole d’estimation a pu ainsi être simplifié pour les deux compartiments de l’écosystème stockant le plus de carbone : la biomasse aérienne en forêt et le carbone organique du sol. Enfin, afin de tester l’applicabilité du protocole simplifié d’estimation du SE de régulation du climat global, nous l’avons testé sur des parcelles de zones humides, des écosystèmes stockant une grande quantité de carbone. Ces parcelles ont été placées dans un modèle d’états-et-transitions afin de tester si les mesures de gestion peuvent affecter les stocks de carbone des zones humides. Les actions de gestion sur la biomasse aérienne changeaient les stocks de carbone entre les zones humides herbacées et forestières. Le stock de carbone organique du sol, stock majeur dans les zones humides, ne différait pas entre les différents états étudiés, reflétant la difficulté d’agir sur ce compartiment.Cette étude montre que le développement méthodologique pour la quantification de SE sur le terrain peut mener à des protocoles simples et fiables mais que le processus de développement est différent selon les SE abordés
Ecosystem services are benefits supplied by ecosystem to human societies. In France, recent legislation aims to include ecosystem service in environmental impact studies with the enactment of the Law for the recovery of biodiversity, nature and landscapes (2016). To do so, it is necessary to develop field methods for ecosystem service estimation. In this setting, a collaboration was established between the Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine and the environmental consultancy EGIS Environnement to answer the following question: how can ecosystem services be quantified at local scale?We studied two ecosystem services often cited in the global change context. The pollination service is essential for human food production. Given worldwide pollinator declines it is at the centre of scientific, citizen and political concerns. The service of global climate regulation by carbon sequestration by ecosystems is of major interest given the recent and coming climate changes.We investigated four key steps for developing a field protocol. First, the ecosystem service of entomophilous pollination has numerous definitions in the scientific literature. Thus, based on a literature review we built a conceptual framework for defining the pollination service and identifying quantifiable indicators and their measurement methods. We chose to define the pollination service as the ecosystem capacity to support entomophilous pollination, i.e. pollinating insect presence. Second, we worked on indicator selection for the pollination service estimation. Pollination capacity can be estimated through direct indicators linked to pollinator presence on the plot and through indirect indicators linked to feeding and nesting resources in the plot and in the landscape. We compared measures of these two types of indicators within orchards and grasslands. Our aims were to test consistency between both indicator types for the pollination service and the possibility of protocol simplification based on indirect indicators. Indirect indicators did not explain enough of the observed variability in pollinator abundance and richness to allow a protocol simplification.Third, we tried to simplify the estimation protocol of the ecosystem service of global climate regulation from measures of carbon stocks in grasslands and forests. We compared estimations obtained by simplified protocols to estimations obtained by a more complete protocol. We also quantified the uncertainties caused by these simplifications. The estimation protocol could be simplified for the two most important carbon pools: aboveground biomass in forests and soil organic carbon. Finally, to test the applicability of the simplified protocol of carbon stock estimations, we applied it on wetland plots. These plots were organized following in a state-and-transition model to test whether management decisions are likely to affect wetland carbon stocks. Management actions on aboveground biomass changed carbon stocks between herbaceous and forested wetland. Soil organic carbon, the major carbon stock in wetlands, was unchanged between the different studied stats, illustrating the difficulty to manage soil carbon stocks in the short term.This study shows that method development for field quantification of ecosystem service can lead to simple and reliable protocols. However, the development process is different for each ecosystem service
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Abley, Melanie J. "Tracking, Quantifying, Phenotyping and Genotyping of Campylobacter in Cattle and Pigs across the Farm to Fork Continuum." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306427015.

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8

Guinet, Maé. "Quantification des flux d’azote induits par les cultures de légumineuses et étude de leurs déterminants : comparaison de 10 espèces de légumineuses à graines." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK011/document.

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Анотація:
Dans le contexte de la transition agroécologique en faveur de systèmes de culture plus économes en intrants azotés, la réintroduction des légumineuses a un rôle majeur à jouer pour atteindre la durabilité de ces systèmes. Peu de références sont actuellement disponibles sur les intérêts agronomiques et écologiques des différentes espèces, notamment à l’échelle de la rotation. Dans ce cadre, notre objectif principal consiste à mieux quantifier les flux d’azote impliqués au cours et après culture de légumineuses, et ce pour une gamme élargie d’espèces. Notre travail expérimental porte donc sur la caractérisation des flux d’azote induits dans le sol et dans les cultures de légumineuses aux caractéristiques morphologiques contrastées en parallèle de la mesure des déterminants de ces flux. Les objectifs spécifiques consistent à : i) quantifier la fixation symbiotique en fonction du niveau du stock d’azote minéral du sol, la minéralisation de l’azote des résidus de légumineuses après enfouissement et les pertes d’azote en dehors du système sol-plante (lixiviation, émission de protoxyde d’azote), ii) identifier les « traits de plantes » explicatifs des fonctions liées à ces flux d’azote. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, les différents flux d’azote ont été quantifiés au cours d’une expérimentation au champ avec implantation d’une culture de légumineuses en première année suivie par une culture de blé en année 2 qui a été menée en 2014-2015 et reconduite sur la campagne 2016-2017. En parallèle, les traits des plantes, notamment racinaires, ont été caractérisés plus finement au cours d’expérimentations conduites en conditions contrôlées
In the context of agroecological transition, the reintroduction of legume crops should play a key role in cropping system sustainability by allowing a reduction of nitrogen (N) inputs. But few references are available concerning the agronomical and ecological services provided by a wide range of legume crops, particularly within crops succession scale. Thus, the main objective of our study is to quantify the N fluxes during and after the legume crops taking into account 10 legume crops (peas, lupin, faba bean, soybean...). Our experiment consists in i) quantifying symbiotic N fixation depending on the amount of soil inorganic N, the mineralisation of N present in legume crop residues after soil incorporation and N losses outside of the soil-plant system (leaching, emission of nitrous oxide), ii) identifying plant biological traits associated to N fluxes. Thus, different N fluxes were quantified during a two-year field experiment, i.e. the first year (2014) legume crops were implanted and followed by wheat the second year (14-15) after incorportation of legume residues. This experiment was repeated in 2016-2017.In parallel, plant root traits were characterised during greenhouse hydroponic experiments
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Mesmin, Xavier. "La régulation naturelle des insectes ravageurs des cultures légumières et ses conséquences sur la production : quantification du service fourni et recherche de leviers pour son intensification." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSARC134/document.

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Le développement d’une agriculture moins dépendante des pesticides repose en partie sur la maximisation des services écosystémiques. L’objectif principal de cette thèse était de quantifier le service de régulation des insectes ravageurs par leurs ennemis naturels, en conditions expérimentales et en situation de production. Le travail a porté sur les brassicacées légumières soumises aux attaques de ravageurs aériens et souterrains (pucerons et mouche du chou). Nous avons évalué leur nuisibilité pour quantifier les dégâts et dommages qu’ils peuvent générer. Nos résultats confirment la moindre nuisibilité des pucerons par rapport à celle de la mouche du chou. Pour celle-ci, la nuisibilité sur légume-fleur s’exprime non seulement par la mortalité des plants mais aussi par un effet sur leur développement.Nous avons également montré que les prédateurs épigés réduisaient significativement les populations des deux ravageurs, ce qui, pour la mouche du chou, conduit à une baisse conséquente de la mortalité des plants. Enfin, simplifier le travail du sol au printemps n’a pas permis de favoriser les prédateurs hivernant dans la parcelle, ni d’augmenter le service de régulation à court terme. Cependant les prédateurs précoces sont déterminants et doivent être favorisés par des pratiques intra- et péri-parcellaires ciblées. Les connaissances acquises dans ce travail démontrent le potentiel de la lutte biologique par conservation pour une gestion agro-écologique efficace des insectes ravageurs
Developping farming systems that use less pesticides is partly based on the intensification of ecosystem services. The main aim of this thesis was to quantify the insect pest regulation service provided by their natural enemies, both in experimental plots and in farmers fields. We worked on brassicaceous vegetables that are confronted to pest attacks on above- and belowground organs (aphids and the cabbage root fly). We assessed their harmfulness, in order to quantify the injuries and damage these pests can inflict to plants. Our results confirm that aphids are less harmful than the cabbage root fly. On flower vegetables, the latter not only leads to plant mortality but can also slow plant development.We also showed that ground dwelling predators significantly reduce the populations of both pests, leading, for the cabbage root fly, to a strong decrease in plant mortality rate. Finally, simplifying soil tillage in the spring did not favor ground dwelling predators overwintering inside the field and neither did it increase natural regulation service in the short term. However, early ground dwelling predators are fundamental and must be favored by tailored practices both inside and around the fields. The knowledge gained in the present thesis show the potential of conservation biological control for the agroecological management of insect pest populations
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Chandoul, Wided. "Conception et réalisation d'un système d'aide à la gestion des tensions dans les services d'urgences pédiatriques : vers des nouvelles approches d'évaluation, de quantification et d'anticipation." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0010/document.

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La Tension dans un Service d’Urgences (SU) est un déséquilibre entre le flux de charge des soins et la capacité de prise en charge sur une durée suffisante pouvant entrainer des conséquences néfastes au bon fonctionnement. Elle se reflète par la surcharge des locaux, l’allongement des délais de traitement et d’attente. Ce qui provoque à la fois l’insatisfaction des patients et l’anxiété du personnel. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet HOST financé par le programme ANR-TECSAN-2011 afin d’élaborer un Système d'Aide à la Gestion de la Tension (SAGeT) assurant trois objectifs:1. L’évaluation multicritère grâce à une panoplie d’indicateurs agrégés par la logique floue afin de résoudre la subjectivité du ressentie humain de la tension. Chaque scénario d’évaluation déclenche des règles de décision spécifiques ciblant ainsi des points de défaillance à surveiller.2. L’anticipation de la demande sur différents horizons temporels : l’application des méthodes SARIMA et SARIMAX est justifiée par la saisonnalité des chroniques de visites et l’influence de certains paramètres externes (épidémies, vacances, météo). De plus, la qualité de l’information venant de l’historique a été améliorée par une recomposition d’historique basée sur la vraisemblance journalière.3. L’amélioration de la gestion des flux et le pilotage de l’activité puisque l’utilisation de SAGeT comme un tableau de bord offre une vue macro sur l’ensemble de l’activité (lits occupés, patients en attente, durées de passages prévisionnelles et allongements excessifs). Les simulations traitent des vrais scénarios de tension observés entre 2011 et 2013 dans le SU Pédiatriques Jeanne de Flandre du CHRU-Lille
He strain in an Emergency Department (ED) is an imbalance between the total demand load of healthcare treatment and resources ability to support it during a convenient horizon, which may results negative consequences on the smooth running of the activity. It is reflected by overcrowding, longer treatment and waiting times which causes both patients dissatisfaction and anxiety of personnel. This thesis is part of the HOST project funded by the ANR-TECSAN-2011 program to develop a Management Support System of Strain (MSSS) ensuring three objectives:1. Multi-criteria evaluation through a variety of indicators aggregated by fuzzy logic to solve the subjectivity of the human feeling of strain. Each evaluation scenario involves specific decision rules targeting to supervise failure points.2. Demand forecasting through several time horizons: applying SARIMA and SARIMAX methods is justified by the time series seasonality of visits and the influence of some external parameters (epidemics, holidays, weather). In addition, the quality of the historical information has been improved by a history rebuilding based on the daily likelihood.3. Improving flow management and activity monitoring since the use of MSSS as a dashboard provides a macro view of the whole activity (beds occupied, waiting, estimated length of stay, excessive elongation).The simulations address real strain scenarios observed between 2011 and 2013 in the Pediatric ED Jeanne de Flandre of the Regional University Hospital of Lille (France)
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Книги з теми "Quantification des services"

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Carpenter, Julie. Quantification of the overseas market for professional consultancy services in librarianship and informationscience (LIS) and information management. [U.K.]: British Library Research and Development Department, 1992.

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Associates, Carpenter Davies. Quantification of the overseas market for professional consultancy services in librarianship and information science (LIS) and information management. [London]: British Library Research & Development Dept., 1992.

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Guillén, Montserrat, Jaume Belles-Sampers, and Miguel Santolino. Risk Quantification and Allocation Methods for Practitioners. Amsterdam University Press, 2017.

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Guillén, Montserrat, Miguel Santolino, and Jaume Belles-Sampera. Risk Quantification and Allocation Methods for Practitioners. Amsterdam University Press, 2017.

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5

Borchers, Wayne Peter. Quantification of the S-3 Viking Aircraft Service Period Adjustment (ASPA) program. 1986.

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Hilgurt, S. Ya, and O. A. Chemerys. Reconfigurable signature-based information security tools of computer systems. PH “Akademperiodyka”, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/akademperiodyka.458.297.

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The book is devoted to the research and development of methods for combining computational structures for reconfigurable signature-based information protection tools for computer systems and networks in order to increase their efficiency. Network security tools based, among others, on such AI-based approaches as deep neural networking, despite the great progress shown in recent years, still suffer from nonzero recognition error probability. Even a low probability of such an error in a critical infrastructure can be disastrous. Therefore, signature-based recognition methods with their theoretically exact matching feature are still relevant when creating information security systems such as network intrusion detection systems, antivirus, anti-spam, and wormcontainment systems. The real time multi-pattern string matching task has been a major performance bottleneck in such systems. To speed up the recognition process, developers use a reconfigurable hardware platform based on FPGA devices. Such platform provides almost software flexibility and near-ASIC performance. The most important component of a signature-based information security system in terms of efficiency is the recognition module, in which the multipattern matching task is directly solved. It must not only check each byte of input data at speeds of tens and hundreds of gigabits/sec against hundreds of thousand or even millions patterns of signature database, but also change its structure every time a new signature appears or the operating conditions of the protected system change. As a result of the analysis of numerous examples of the development of reconfigurable information security systems, three most promising approaches to the construction of hardware circuits of recognition modules were identified, namely, content-addressable memory based on digital comparators, Bloom filter and Aho–Corasick finite automata. A method for fast quantification of components of recognition module and the entire system was proposed. The method makes it possible to exclude resource-intensive procedures for synthesizing digital circuits on FPGAs when building complex reconfigurable information security systems and their components. To improve the efficiency of the systems under study, structural-level combinational methods are proposed, which allow combining into single recognition device several matching schemes built on different approaches and their modifications, in such a way that their advantages are enhanced and disadvantages are eliminated. In order to achieve the maximum efficiency of combining methods, optimization methods are used. The methods of: parallel combining, sequential cascading and vertical junction have been formulated and investigated. The principle of multi-level combining of combining methods is also considered and researched. Algorithms for the implementation of the proposed combining methods have been developed. Software has been created that allows to conduct experiments with the developed methods and tools. Quantitative estimates are obtained for increasing the efficiency of constructing recognition modules as a result of using combination methods. The issue of optimization of reconfigurable devices presented in hardware description languages is considered. A modification of the method of affine transformations, which allows parallelizing such cycles that cannot be optimized by other methods, was presented. In order to facilitate the practical application of the developed methods and tools, a web service using high-performance computer technologies of grid and cloud computing was considered. The proposed methods to increase efficiency of matching procedure can also be used to solve important problems in other fields of science as data mining, analysis of DNA molecules, etc. Keywords: information security, signature, multi-pattern matching, FPGA, structural combining, efficiency, optimization, hardware description language.
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Частини книг з теми "Quantification des services"

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Khanal, Sami. "Services from Agroecosystems and Their Quantification." In Engineering and Ecosystems, 247–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35692-6_11.

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Zheng, Jian, Pei-Luen Patrick Rau, and Jingyu Zhao. "Quantification of Natural Multimodal Interaction Capacity." In Cross-Cultural Design. User Experience of Products, Services, and Intelligent Environments, 269–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49788-0_20.

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Matei, Ştefania, Cosima Rughiniş, and Răzvan Rughiniş. "Refreshing Quantification and other Ploys to Give Up the Habit." In Human-Computer Interaction. Applications and Services, 265–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07227-2_26.

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Grimm, Daniel, Björn Schödwell, Koray Erek, and Ruediger Zarnekow. "Conceptualizing the Quantification of the Carbon Footprint of IT-Services." In Environmental Science and Engineering, 77–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36011-4_7.

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Broitman, Dani. "Locally-Provided and Globally-Relevant Ecosystem Services: A Needed Distinction for Quantification." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2020, 394–404. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58814-4_28.

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de Vries, Wim, Maximilian Posch, Gert Jan Reinds, and Jean-Paul Hettelingh. "Quantification of Impacts of Nitrogen Deposition on Forest Ecosystem Services in Europe." In Nitrogen Deposition, Critical Loads and Biodiversity, 411–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7939-6_43.

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Bojić, Svetlana, and Stefan Mandić-Rajčević. "Risk Quantification of Multigenic Conditions for SNP Array Based Direct-to-Consumer Genomic Services." In Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 264–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16480-9_27.

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Thévenot, Laurent. "A New Calculable Global World in the Making: Governing Through Transnational Certification Standards." In The New Politics of Numbers, 197–252. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78201-6_7.

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AbstractGoverning with quantification rests on preliminary processes of transforming the world to make it quantifiable through conventions of formatting and equivalence-making. This chapter investigates a new globalized mode of governing, operating, away from states, through voluntary certification standards. Considering the case of sustainable palm oil certification, it follows the most vulnerable “stakeholders”, from their daily life in remote rural areas to the governing public roundtables and private confidential negotiations. Fostering the dialogue between the extended convention theory framework and governmentality studies, the chapter shows that in a new kind of “standardizing liberalism” [libéralisme normalisateur], “governing by standards” shifts the political debate about power, legitimacy and the common good onto measurable certifiable characteristics of goods and services to be chosen by autonomous opting individuals.
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Sarikaya, Erkut, Astrid Weyand, Dominik Dück, and Matthias Weigold. "Model-Based Method for Low-Effort Part-Specific CO2-Accounting During the Production on Machine Tools Using PLC Data." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 738–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28839-5_83.

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AbstractAgainst the backdrop of advancing climate change, the pressure on industry as the second largest producer of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide is increasing. Climate neutrality and the effects on the climate of products or services are gaining more and more political and social attention. Thus, this paper is dedicated to the investigation of the holistic influence of machined components on greenhouse gas emissions. Optimisations can only be achieved through a profound understanding of the important factors in relation to climate neutrality of industrial production. To this end, a method is developed that allows the low-effort quantification of part-specific greenhouse gases emitted during the production on a CNC machine tool. Validating experiments are conducted in a real industrial environment. Finally, potential for improvement is outlined.
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Boyanova, Kremena, Stoyan Nedkov, and Benjamin Burkhard. "Quantification and Mapping of Flood Regulating Ecosystem Services in Different Watersheds – Case Studies in Bulgaria and Arizona, USA." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 237–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08180-9_18.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Quantification des services"

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Bilasco, Ioan Marius, Rafael Lozano Espinosa, and Hervé Martin. "In-situ Quantification of 3D Scene Complexity." In Web Services. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/geows.2009.37.

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Heegaard, Poul E., and Kishor S. Trivedi. "Survivability quantification of communication services." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks With FTCS and DCC (DSN). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsn.2008.4630117.

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Lee, Joowhan, and Myung Hwan Yun. "Usability assessment for ubiquitous services: Quantification of the interactivity in inter-personal services." In 2012 IEEE 6th International Conference on Management of Innovation & Technology (ICMIT 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmit.2012.6225895.

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Zhou, Nianjun, Wesley M. Gifford, Krishna Ratakonda, Gregory H. Westerwick, and Carl Engel. "On the Quantification of Global Team Performance and Profitability." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing (SCC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scc.2014.57.

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Han, Shuo, Ufuk Topcu, and George J. Pappas. "Quantification on the efficiency gain of automated ridesharing services." In 2017 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.2017.7963498.

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Habib, Sami J., Paulvanna N. Marimuthu, and Rajasundari Thangadurai. "Quantification of New Web Applications within Enterprise Networks." In iiWAS2018: 20th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3282373.3282385.

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Cha, Hongki, Joo-chul Lee, Wonsuk Lee, and Jonghong Jeon. "Standardization requirements for self-quantification services over Internet of things." In 2016 International Conference on Advances in Computing and Communication Engineering (ICACCE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacce.2016.8073742.

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"Security Quantification of Complex Attacks in Infrastructure as a Service Cloud Computing." In 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004406601450148.

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Smitha, S. S. K., K. Revathy, and C. Kesavadas. "Volumetric analysis of brain tissues from mr images for brain atrophy quantification." In HEALTHCOM 2006 8th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/health.2006.246444.

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Etherden, Nicholas, Math H. J. Bollen, and Johanna Lundkvist. "Quantification of ancillary services from a virtual power plant in an existing subtransmision network." In 2013 4th IEEE/PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT EUROPE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgteurope.2013.6695294.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Quantification des services"

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Doyon, Maurice, Stéphane Bergeron, and Jacinthe Cloutier. Analyse des préférences des résidents-propriétaires de la ville de Québec pour l’aménagement de bassins de rétention à proximité. CIRANO, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/qwaq7409.

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Ce projet de recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un projet pluridisciplinaire ayant comme objectif général de fournir aux gestionnaires municipaux des données permettant de démontrer les différents services écosystémiques apportés par les bassins de rétention d’eau pluviale dans un contexte de conservation des écosystèmes urbains, avec un accent particulier sur la protection de la ressource en eau potable. Ce rapport se concentre sur les aspects sociaux et économiques et a comme objectif principal d’informer les administrations municipales sur les préférences des citoyens en matière de bassins de rétention, en utilisant comme cas type la Ville de Québec. Plus spécifiquement, les objectifs sont : 1) Identifier les préférences des citoyens de la ville de Québec envers différents types d’aménagement des bassins de rétention; 2) Estimer le consentement à payer (CAP) pour l’aménagement des bassins de rétention. Le CAP n’est pas seulement une mesure économique, mais également une quantification du bénéfice perçu par les citoyens; 3) Selon la perception des citoyens, qualifier les caractéristiques désirables et indésirables des aménagements de bassin de rétention; 4) Créer une typologie des citoyens en fonction et de leurs préférences pour mieux envisager la diversité des préférences.
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Bassi, Andrea. From “Social Impact” to “Social Value”. Liège: CIRIEC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/ciriec.wp202206.

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After the financial-economic crisis of 2008 there has been an increasing diffusion of discourses by international institutions stressing the necessity towards the adoption of impact evaluation methods both by for profit and SSE organizations. This craze for impact measurement is generally led by the need of the stock exchange to find new financial markets (demand) for an increasing offer of socially or environmentally oriented financial products (such as the Social Impact Bond). This pressure had the effect to spread terms and concept typically of the financial world to other domains, such as the welfare policy (Social Investment State) and the traditional philanthropic sector (Social Return on Investment). Even the SSE has not been immune from this “epidemic” of measurement, standardization, quantification of its activities’ effects (Salathé-Beaulieu, G. in collaboration with M. J. Bouchard and M. Mendell, 2019). The paper’s main aim is to argue in favour of the adoption of a broader conceptualization of the SSE contribution to the local community (and to the society as a whole) that the one implied by the term “impact”. It proposes a conceptual framework based on the “social value” notion, which requires to consider the worth (Bouchard, M. J. ed., 2009) linked to the presence of the organization itself and not only of its activities/ programs/services. The paper will illustrate and comment the main results from an empirical research on the Social Added Value Evaluation of an umbrella recreation association in the Emilia-Romagna Region. The inquire adopts an experimental design based on qualitative methods such as: focus groups, face to face interviews and on site observations, in order to build a consensual system of social value/impact evaluation to be adopted by the local branches of the regional association.
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Stakes, Keith, and Joseph Willi. Study of the Fire Service Training Environment: Safety, Fidelity, and Exposure -- Acquired Structures. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/ceci9490.

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Previous FSRI led research projects have focused on examining the fire environment with regards to current building construction methods, synthetic fuel loading, and best-practices in firefighting strategies and tactics. More than 50 experiments have been previously conducted utilizing furniture to produce vent-limited fire conditions, replicating the residential fire environment, and studying the methods of horizontal ventilation, vertical ventilation, and positive pressure attack. Tactical considerations generated from the research are intended to provide fire departments with information to evaluate their standard operating procedures and make improvements, if necessary, to increase the safety and effectiveness of firefighting crews. Unfortunately, there still exists a long standing disconnect between live-fire training and the fireground as evident by continued line of duty injury and death investigations that point directly to a lack of realistic yet safe training, which highlights a continued misunderstanding of fire dynamics within structures. The main objective of the Study of the Fire Service Training Environment: Safety, Fidelity, and Exposure is to evaluate training methods and fuel packages in several different structures commonly used across the fire service to provide and highlight considerations to increase both safety and fidelity. This report is focused on the evaluation of live-fire training in acquired structures. A full scale structure was constructed using a similar floor plan as in the research projects for horizontal ventilation, vertical ventilation, and positive pressure attack to provide a comparison between the modern fire environment and the training ground. The structure was instrumented which allowed for the quantification of fire behavior, the impact of various ventilation tactics, and provided the ability to directly compare these experiments with the previous research. Twelve full scale fire experiments were conducted within the test structure using two common training fuel packages: 1) pallets, and 2) pallets and oriented strand board (OSB). To compare the training fuels to modern furnishings, the experiments conducted were designed to replicate both fire and ventilation location as well as event timing to the previous research. Horizontal ventilation, vertical ventilation, and positive pressure attack methods were tested, examining the proximity of the vent location to the fire (near vs. far). Each ventilation configuration in this series was tested twice with one of the two training fuel loads. The quantification of the differences between modern furnishings and wood-based training fuel loads and the impact of different ventilation tactics is documented through a detailed comparison to the tactical fireground considerations from the previous research studies. The experiments were compared to identify how the type of fuel used in acquired structures impacts the safety and fidelity of live-fire training. The comparisons in this report characterized initial fire growth, the propensity for the fire to become ventilation limited, the fires response to ventilation, and peak thermal exposure to students and instructors. Comparisons examined components of both functional and physical fidelity. Video footage was used to assess the visual cues, a component of the fire environment that is often difficult to replicate in training due to fuel load restrictions. The thermal environment within the structure was compared between fuel packages with regards to the potential tenability for both students and instructors.
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4

Christensen, Lance. PR-459-133750-R03 Fast Accurate Automated System To Find And Quantify Natural Gas Leaks. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011633.

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Miniature natural gas sensors weighing a few hundred grams with 10 ppb s-1 sensitivity towards methane and ppb s-1 sensitivity towards methane and ethane present the energy industry with cost effective ways to improve safety, comply with State and Federal regulations, decrease natural gas emissions, and attribute natural gas indications to thermogenic or biogenic sources. One particularly promising implementation is on small unmanned aerial systems (sUASs) flown by service providers or in-house personnel or even more ambitiously as part of larger network conducting autonomous, continual monitoring. This report describes refinement of the OPLS measurement system to include all ancillary instruments needed to put OPLS methane and ethane measurements into context for leak surveillance, localization, and quantification. Flights were conducted on a variety of VTOLs and fixed wing drones as described below to ensure that the overall system development resulted in a system that was platform agnostic. This report describes: - The complete agnostic OPLS measurement system.The individual components are described and their performance investigated.Technical issues that arose during testing and field deployment are described. - Field experiments of the refined OPLS measurement system at a real-world oil and gas production site.These experiments exercise the OPLS system's ability to do leak surveillance, localization, and quantification. - Laboratory development of the OPLS instrument to improve its performance in terms of signal-to-noise and accuracy. - Field experiments demonstrating the successful application of OPLS on a fixed-wing hybrid flown at altitudes higher than 50 m. - Field experiments demonstrating the utility of source attribution using the ethane measurement capability. There is a related webinar.
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di Giovanni, Julian, Şebnem Kalemli-Özcan, Alvaro Silva, and Muhammed A. Yıldırım. Pandemic-Era Inflation Drivers and Global Spillovers. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59576/sr.1080.

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We estimate a multi-country, multi-sector New Keynesian model to quantify the drivers of domestic inflation during 2020–23 in several countries, including the United States. The model matches observed inflation together with sector-level prices and wages. We further measure the relative importance of different types of shocks on inflation across countries over time. The key mechanism, the international transmission of demand, supply and energy shocks through global linkages helps us to match the behavior of the USD/EUR exchange rate. The quantification exercise yields four key findings. First, negative supply shocks to factors of production, labor and intermediate inputs, initially sparked inflation in 2020-21. Global supply chains and complementarities in production played an amplification role in this initial phase. Second, positive aggregate demand shocks, due to stimulative policies, widened demand-supply imbalances, amplifying inflation further during 2021-22. Third, the reallocation of consumption between goods and service sectors, a relative sector-level demand shock, played a role in transmitting these imbalances across countries through the global trade and production network. Fourth, global energy shocks have differential impacts on the U.S. relative to other countries’ inflation rates. Further, complementarities between energy and other inputs to production play a particularly important role in the quantitative impact of these shocks on inflation.
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Yan, Yujie, and Jerome F. Hajjar. Automated Damage Assessment and Structural Modeling of Bridges with Visual Sensing Technology. Northeastern University, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17760/d20410114.

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Recent advances in visual sensing technology have gained much attention in the field of bridge inspection and management. Coupled with advanced robotic systems, state-of-the-art visual sensors can be used to obtain accurate documentation of bridges without the need for any special equipment or traffic closure. The captured visual sensor data can be post-processed to gather meaningful information for the bridge structures and hence to support bridge inspection and management. However, state-of-the-practice data postprocessing approaches require substantial manual operations, which can be time-consuming and expensive. The main objective of this study is to develop methods and algorithms to automate the post-processing of the visual sensor data towards the extraction of three main categories of information: 1) object information such as object identity, shapes, and spatial relationships - a novel heuristic-based method is proposed to automate the detection and recognition of main structural elements of steel girder bridges in both terrestrial and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based laser scanning data. Domain knowledge on the geometric and topological constraints of the structural elements is modeled and utilized as heuristics to guide the search as well as to reject erroneous detection results. 2) structural damage information, such as damage locations and quantities - to support the assessment of damage associated with small deformations, an advanced crack assessment method is proposed to enable automated detection and quantification of concrete cracks in critical structural elements based on UAV-based visual sensor data. In terms of damage associated with large deformations, based on the surface normal-based method proposed in Guldur et al. (2014), a new algorithm is developed to enhance the robustness of damage assessment for structural elements with curved surfaces. 3) three-dimensional volumetric models - the object information extracted from the laser scanning data is exploited to create a complete geometric representation for each structural element. In addition, mesh generation algorithms are developed to automatically convert the geometric representations into conformal all-hexahedron finite element meshes, which can be finally assembled to create a finite element model of the entire bridge. To validate the effectiveness of the developed methods and algorithms, several field data collections have been conducted to collect both the visual sensor data and the physical measurements from experimental specimens and in-service bridges. The data were collected using both terrestrial laser scanners combined with images, and laser scanners and cameras mounted to unmanned aerial vehicles.
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Madrzykowski, Daniel. Firefighter Equipment Operational Environment: Evaluation of Thermal Conditions. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/igfm4492.

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The goal of this study was to review the available literature to develop a quantitative description of the thermal conditions firefighters and their equipment are exposed to in a structural fire environment. The thermal exposure from the modern fire environment was characterized through the review of fire research studies and fire-ground incidents that provided insight and data to develop a range of quantification. This information was compared with existing standards for firefighting protective equipment to generate a sense of the gap between known information and the need for improved understanding. The comparison of fire conditions with the thermal performance requirements of firefighter protective gear and equipment demonstrates that a fire in a compartment can generate conditions that can fail the equipment that a firefighter wears or uses. The review pointed out the following: 1. The accepted pairing of gas temperature ranges with a corresponding range of heat fluxes does not reflect all compartment fire conditions. There are cases in which the heat flux exceeds the hazard level of the surrounding gas temperature. 2. Thermal conditions can change within seconds. Experimental conditions and incidents were identified in which firefighters would be operating in thermal conditions that were safe for operation based on the temperature and heat flux, but then due to a change in the environment the firefighters would be exposed to conditions that could exceed the protective capabilities of their PPE. 3. Gas velocity is not explicitly considered within the thermal performance requirements. Clothing and equipment tested with a hot air circulating (convection) oven are exposed to gas velocities that measure approximately 1.5 m/s (3 mph). In contrast, the convected hot gas flows within a structure fire could range from 2.3 m/s (5 mph) to 7.0 m/s (15 mph). In cases where the firefighter or equipment would be located in the exhaust portion of a flow path, while operating above the level of the fire, the hot gas velocity could be even higher. This increased hot gas velocity would serve to increase the convective heat transfer rate to the equipment and the firefighter, thereby reducing the safe operating time within the structure. 4. Based on the limited data available, it appears currently available protective clothing enables firefighters to routinely operate in conditions above and beyond the "routine" conditions measured in the fire-ground exposure studies conducted during the 1970s. The fire service and fire standards communities could benefit from an improved understanding of: • real world fire-ground conditions, including temperatures, heat flux, pressure, and chemical exposures; • the impact of convection on the thermal resistance capabilities of firefighting PPE and equipment; and • the benefits of balancing the thermal exposures (thermal performance requirements) across different components of firefighter protective clothing and safety equipment. Because it is unlikely due to trade offs in weight, breathe-ability, usability, cost, etc., that fireproof PPE and equipment will ever be a reality, fire officers and fire chiefs need to consider the capabilities of the protection that their firefighters have when determining fire attack strategies and tactics to ensure that the PPE and equipment is kept within its design operating environment, and that the safety buffer it provides is maintained.
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