Готові списки джерел за темами / Quantification de phases minérales

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Quantification de phases minérales"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 21 грудня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Quantification de phases minérales"

Cabanes, Nelly, and Jean-Claude Mercier. "Chimie des phases minérales et conditions d'équilibre des enclaves de lherzolite à spinelle de Montferrier (Hérault, France)." Bulletin de Minéralogie 111, no. 1 (1988): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bulmi.1988.8071.

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Breda, M., S. A. Ontiveros Vidal, Jacopo Basoni, and Irene Calliari. "Phases Quantification in Duplex Stainless Steels Weldments." Applied Mechanics and Materials 698 (December 2014): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.698.209.

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Duplex Stainless Steels (DSS) are very attractive steels and their application is presently of increasing interest, especially as structural materials in aggressive environments. DSS are austeno-ferritic biphasic steels, having an austenite-to-ferrite phase ratio of about one, giving the best combination of mechanical and corrosion-resistance properties. However, these steels must be handled with extreme care, especially if thermal cycles are involved, owing to the formation of dangerous secondary compounds that highly worsen their excellent properties.The production of big pipes requires manufacturing welding operations on steel plates or sheets and the final products must satisfy specific requirements in terms of material properties. DSS approximately contain equal volume fraction of the phases that, in practice, cover a slightly wider range within 40/60 and 60/40. Therefore, since DSS properties depend on phase ratio, ferrite quantification on an industrial scale represents a topic of great interest, which must be as reliable as possible and, at the same time, quickly executable.The present paper gives a comparison of different methods currently employed for ferrite determination in DSS weldments, in order to understand the limits derived from the specific employed technique.

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Scarlett, Nicola V. Y., and Ian C. Madsen. "Quantification of phases with partial or no known crystal structures." Powder Diffraction 21, no. 4 (December 2006): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.2362855.

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Quantification of mixtures via the Rietveld method is generally restricted to crystalline phases for which structures are well known. Phases that have not been identified or fully characterized may be easily quantified as a group, along with any amorphous material in the sample, by the addition of an internal standard to the mixture. However, quantification of individual phases that have only partial or unknown structures is carried out less routinely. This paper presents methodology for quantification of such phases. It outlines the procedure for calibration of the method and gives detailed examples from both synthetic and mineralogical systems. While the method should, in principle, be generally applicable, its implementation in the TOPAS program from Bruker AXS is demonstrated here.

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Medina-Hernández, M. J., and S. Sagrado. "Chromatographic quantification of hydrophobicity using micellar mobile phases." Journal of Chromatography A 718, no. 2 (December 1995): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)00678-8.

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Bergounioux, C., C. Perennes, P. Gadal, and S. C. Brown. "Nuclear RNA quantification in protoplast cell-cycle phases." Cytometry 9, no. 1 (January 1988): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.990090113.

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Locat, Jacques, and Marc-André Bérubé. "L’influence de la granulométrie sur la mesure des carbonates par la méthode du Chittick." Note 40, no. 3 (December 4, 2007): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032653ar.

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RÉSUMÉ Des études récentes sur la composition minéralogique de sédiments argileux de la vallée du Saint-Laurent incluaient l'utilisation de la méthode du Chittick pour la détermination des quantités respectives de calcite et de dolomite. Lors d'essais préliminaires de calibration, il est apparu que la granulométrie de ces phases minérales pouvait grandement influencer les résultats. Afin de quantifier ce problème, plusieurs échantillons de granulométrie variée et contrôlée ont été dosés. La méthode du Chittick s'avéra alors très bonne pour le dosage de la teneur totale en carbonates mais faible pour le dosage individualisé de la calcite et de la dolomite en raison de sa forte sensibilité à la granulométrie des carbonates et à leur surface spécifique. Ainsi, les échantillons de dolomite pure ont montré une teneur apparente en calcite de 15 à 66%, selon leur granulométrie. L'addition d'une analyse chimique de la solution résiduelle obtenue au terme de l'essai permet toutefois d'obtenir les concentrations réelles de ces deux carbonates.

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Leduc, Thierry, Éric Goemaere, Ivan Jadin, and Pierre Cattelain. "L’altération des briquets en « marcassite » du « Trou de Chaleux » (Fouilles d'Édouard Dupont) : identification des phases minérales primaires et secondaires." ArchéoSciences, no. 36 (December 31, 2012): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeosciences.3776.

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Dauphin, Yannicke. "Comparaison de l'état de conservation des phases minérales et organiques d'os fossiles. Implications pour les reconstitutions paléoenvironnementales et phylétiques." Annales de Paléontologie 84, no. 2 (April 1998): 215–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0753-3969(98)80006-2.

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Escuder-Gilabert, L., Y. Martín-Biosca, R. M. Villanueva-Camañas, M. J. Medina-Hernández, and S. Sagrado. "The chromatographic quantification of hydrophobicity using micellar mobile phases." Chromatographia 50, no. 5-6 (September 1999): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02490837.

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Mishra, R. "Quantification of Galvannealed Coating Phases Using the Galvanostatic Technique." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 39, no. 10 (July 11, 2008): 2275–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-008-9592-4.

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Дисертації з теми "Quantification de phases minérales"

Gontier, Adrien. "Quantification de l'altération dans les sols par les déséquilibres radioactifs : approche sur sol total et phases minérales séparées." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAH011/document.

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Анотація:

Ce travail porte sur l'utilisation des déséquilibres radioactifs dans les échantillons de sols totaux, et des fractions minérales séparées. Les objectifs étaient d'évaluer : 1) l'impact d'un changement de végétation et de la granulométrie de la roche mère dans les sols sur les déséquilibres, 2) les phases minérales secondaires capables d'enregistrer des informations temporelles, et leur séparation chimique et 3) l’information temporelle portée par les minéraux primaires. Ce travail a mis en évidence sur le site de Breuil-Chenue que les couches les plus profondes du sol (< 40cm) ne montrent pas d’impact de la végétation ou de la granulométrie de la roche mère sur les déséquilibres radioactifs. Les faibles vitesses de production du sol (~1-2 mm/ka) obtenues reflètent la très faible érosion physique affectant ce site situé sur un plateau. La seconde partie de ce travail a permis d'identifier un protocole permettant d’extraire les oxydes de fer sans création de fractionnement chimique. Enfin, l'analyse de biotites d’un profil du même site a montré que les déséquilibres U/Th permettaient de déterminer de façon indépendante les vitesses d’altération in situ des minéraux dans les sols
The aim of the present study was to evaluate weathering and soil formation rates using U-Th disequilibria in bulk soil or separated minerals. The specific objectives of this work were to evaluate the use of U-Th chronometric tools 1) regarding the impact of a land cover change and the bedrock characteristics 2) in selected secondary mineral phases and 3) in primary minerals. On the Breuil-Chenue (Morvan) site, no vegetation effect neither a grain size effect was observed on the U-Th series in the deepest soil layers (< 40cm). The low soil production rate (1-2 mm/ka) is therefore more affected by regional geomorphology than by the underlying bedrock texture. In the second part of this work, based on a thorough evaluation of different technics, a procedure was retained to extract Fe-oxides without chemical fractionation. Finally, the analysis of biotites hand-picked from one of the studied soil profile showed that U- series disequilibria allow to independently determinate the field-weathering-rate of minerals

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Simonnet, Titouan. "Apprentissage et réseaux de neurones en tomographie par diffraction de rayons X. Application à l'identification minéralogique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ORLE1033.

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La compréhension du comportement chimique et mécanique des matériaux compactés (par exemple sol, sous-sol, matériaux ouvragés) nécessite de se baser sur une description quantitative de structuration du matériau, et en particulier de la nature des différentes phases minéralogiques et de leur relation spatiale. Or, les matériaux naturels sont composés de nombreux minéraux de petite taille, fréquemment mixés à petite échelle. Les avancées récentes en tomographie de diffraction des rayons X sur source synchrotron (à différencier de la tomographie en contraste de phase) permettent maintenant d'obtenir des volumes tomographiques avec des voxels de taille nanométrique, avec un diffractogramme pour chacun de ces voxels (là où le contraste de phase ne donne qu'un niveau de gris). En contrepartie, le volume de données (typiquement de l'ordre de 100~000 diffractogrammes par tranche d'échantillon), associé au grand nombre de phases présentes, rend le traitement quantitatif virtuellement impossible sans codes numériques appropriés. Cette thèse vise à combler ce manque, en utilisant des approches de type réseaux de neurones pour identifier et quantifier des minéraux dans un matériau. L'entrainement de tels modèles nécessite la construction de bases d'apprentissage de grande taille, qui ne peuvent pas être constituées uniquement de données expérimentales. Des algorithmes capables de synthétiser des diffractogrammes pour générer ces bases ont donc été développés. L'originalité de ce travail a également porté sur l'inférence de proportions avec des réseaux de neurones.Pour répondre à cette tâche, nouvelle et complexe, des fonctions de perte adaptées ont été conçues. Le potentiel des réseaux de neurones a été testé sur des données de complexités croissantes : (i) à partir de diffractogrammes calculés à partir des informations cristallographiques, (ii) en utilisant des diffractogrammes expérimentaux de poudre mesurés au laboratoire, (iii) sur les données obtenues par tomographie de rayons X. Différentes architectures de réseaux de neurones ont aussi été testées. Si un réseau de neurones convolutifs semble apporter des résultats intéressants, la structure particulière du signal de diffraction (qui n'est pas invariant par translation) a conduit à l'utilisation de modèles comme les Transformers. L'approche adoptée dans cette thèse a démontré sa capacité à quantifier les phases minérales dans un solide. Pour les données les plus complexes, tomographie notamment, des pistes d'amélioration ont été proposées
Understanding the chemical and mechanical behavior of compacted materials (e.g. soil, subsoil, engineered materials) requires a quantitative description of the material's structure, and in particular the nature of the various mineralogical phases and their spatial relationships. Natural materials, however, are composed of numerous small-sized minerals, frequently mixed on a small scale. Recent advances in synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction tomography (to be distinguished from phase contrast tomography) now make it possible to obtain tomographic volumes with nanometer-sized voxels, with a XRD pattern for each of these voxels (where phase contrast only gives a gray level). On the other hand, the sheer volume of data (typically on the order of 100~000 XRD patterns per sample slice), combined with the large number of phases present, makes quantitative processing virtually impossible without appropriate numerical codes. This thesis aims to fill this gap, using neural network approaches to identify and quantify minerals in a material. Training such models requires the construction of large-scale learning bases, which cannot be made up of experimental data alone.Algorithms capable of synthesizing XRD patterns to generate these bases have therefore been developed.The originality of this work also concerned the inference of proportions using neural networks. To meet this new and complex task, adapted loss functions were designed.The potential of neural networks was tested on data of increasing complexity: (i) from XRD patterns calculated from crystallographic information, (ii) using experimental powder XRD patterns measured in the laboratory, (iii) on data obtained by X-ray tomography. Different neural network architectures were also tested. While a convolutional neural network seemed to provide interesting results, the particular structure of the diffraction signal (which is not translation invariant) led to the use of models such as Transformers. The approach adopted in this thesis has demonstrated its ability to quantify mineral phases in a solid. For more complex data, such as tomography, improvements have been proposed

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Mędala, Marta. "Etudes des interactions entre les phases minérales constituant le ciment Portland et des solutions salines concentrées." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOS061.

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Ce travail s'inscrit dans la poursuite des travaux effectués, d'une part à Cracovie sur l'influence des saumures sur la durabilité des bétons dans les mines de sel, et d'autre part, de ceux menés à Dijon sur les interactions entre les hydrates cimentaires et des solutions de force ionique. Son objectif est de préciser l'hydratation du ciment Portland dans des solutions salines concentrées. Des sels de deux cations et de deux anions ont été choisis, les chlorures et les nitrates de sodium et de potassium, pour mettre en évidence d'éventuelles interactions spécifiques. Compte-tenu de la complexité des ciments Portland, une approche simplificatrice consistant à étudier l'influence des solutions salines de concentrations variant de 0,4 à 5M sur chacune des phases constituant le ciment et leur mélange a été entreprise. Bien que la réactivité d'un mélange de phase ne soit pas exactement la réactivité d'un clinker, les effets observés sur les ciments industriels ont pu être expliqués.

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Nicoleau, Luc. "Interactions physico-chimiques entre le latex et les phases minérales constituant le ciment au cours de l'hydratation." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS047.

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Hazarabedian, Maria Sofia. "Deleterious Intergranular Phases in Nickel Alloy 725: Detection, Identification and Quantification." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88096.

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Alloy 725 is used in critical oil and gas equipment. However, failures have occurred, evidencing the lack of understanding of the role played by microstructure and the limitations of the current regulations. This work found a distinctive microstructural feature in failed batches. Specifically, failed batches had a significant extent of F phase at grain boundaries, which increased cracking susceptibility. Additionally, the method developed to detect such microstructures may serve as a new qualification test.

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Péru, Laurence. "Caractérisations physico-chimiques des phases minérales de calcifications ectopiques : application à la transformation biologique de phosphates de calcium." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0325.

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La genèse de cristaux est un phénomène très largement répandu dans la nature. Chez les vertébrés, le dépôt de sels de calcium se produit normalement dans l'os et la dent ; cependant, des cristaux hétérotopiques ont également été observes. La connaissance des processus de calcifications, normales ou pathologiques, impose de nouvelles études et la caractérisation précise des phases minérales calcifiées. Pour ceci, de nombreuses méthodes physico-chimiques sont disponibles, chacune ayant ses indications propres. Notre travail était destiné à évaluer l'intérêt de différentes techniques d'analyse pour l'étude des phases minérales calcifiées ; de plus, nous avons établi un protocole pour leur identification en routine. Par une technique originale de déprotéination que nous avons développée, les cristaux ont été isolés et caractérisés par des outils classiques en laboratoire: la microscopie électronique à transmission et la microanalyse X. Les résultats ont été confirmés et précisés par des méthodes plus spécifiques, comme la spectrométrie de diffusion Raman, ou la diffraction électronique. Nous avons applique ces diverses techniques à l'étude de dépôts cristallins accompagnant le processus de calcification pathologique chez l'homme, notamment de l'épaule ; nous avons également étudié le mécanisme de calcification induite par la présence de biomatériaux en phosphate de calcium

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Pierron, Olivier. "Interactions eau-fer-argilite : rôle des paramètres liquide/roche, fer/argilite, température sur la nature des phases minérales." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10146/document.

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Les interactions entre le fer métal et l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien choisie comme roche hôte pour le stockage des déchets radioactifs, a été étudiée expérimentalement. Le rôle des paramètres clés des transformations (rapports fer/argile, et liquide/roche) ont été étudiés à 90°C, et afin d'accélérer la cinétique des réactions à 150°C et 300°C. Les interstratifiés illite-smectite et les illites sont dissous et remplacés par de nouvelles phases argileuses. Les analyses au MET ont permis de déterminer des Fe-serpentines (phases à 7 Å, groupe de la berthiérine) à 90°C, des phases gonflantes de type smectite tri-octaédrique à 150°C, et des chlorites et des interstratifiés chlorite/smectite à 300°C. Quelle que soit la température, la transformation des feuillets illitiques (I et I/S) n'est pas complète et il reste toujours des feuillets à garniture interfoliaire sodi-calcique, interprétés comme des smectites résiduelles ou néoformées. En comparaison avec le système fer-smectite (bentonite), les différences portent sur la cinétique de réaction, beaucoup plus rapide dans le cas de l'argilite, et l'instabilité du quartz qui comme l'illite contribue à libérer le silicium nécessaire à la formation des silicates de fer. Les transformations observées trouvent des analogies avec les altérations hydrothermales et métasomatoses Fe-Mg des systèmes naturels
The interactions between the iron metal and the argillite from the Callovo-Oxfordian formation chosen as host for the disposal of the radioactive wastes, was experimentally studied. The role of the key parameters of the transformations (iron / clay, and liquid / rock ratios) was studied at 90°C, and, to accelerate reaction kinetics, at 150°C and 300°C. Mixed layered illite-smectite and illites are dissolved and replaced by new clay phases. TEM analyses show that Fe-serpentines (7 Å phases, group of the berthierine) predominates in run products at 90°C, tri-octaedral Fe-rich smectites at 150°C, and chlorites and probably smectite chlorite mixed layered at 300°C. Whatever the temperature, the illite and I/S replacement is not complete and trun products are always accompanied by sodi-calcic residual and/ or newly formed smectites. In comparison with the iron-smectite (bentonite) system, the differences concern the reaction kinetics which are much faster in the case of the argillite, and the instability of the quartz which, as the illite, contributes to release the silicium necessary for the formation of iron silicates. The observed process find analogies with the hydrothermal changes described in natural hydrothermal alterations and Fe-Mg metasomatism

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Bohic, Sylvain. "Apport de la spectroscopie et de la microspectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier à l'étude des phases minérales des tissus calcifiés et des biomatériaux." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT030D.

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Brazier, Jean-Michel. "Rôle des phases minérales des sols en tant que réservoirs de nutriments : approche expérimentale (abiotique), en milieu naturel et multi-isotopique (isotopes stables Ca-Sr)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAH005/document.

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Ce travail de thèse a appréhendé les mécanismes de stockage/libération, d’un point de vue élémentaire et isotopique, du calcium (Ca) et du strontium (Sr) sur ou dans des phases minérales communes des sols (minéraux primaires, minéraux argileux, oxy-hydroxydes, carbonate pédogénétiques). Une méthode de mesure robuste du δ88Sr a dû être développée et validée par la mesure de matériaux de références internationaux, pour la plupart jamais mesuré dans la littérature. Les résultats montrent que l’adsorption du Ca sur des minéraux phyllosilicatés génère un fractionnement isotopique par prélèvement préférentiel de l’isotope léger (40Ca) dans nos conditions expérimentales lorsque les minéraux possèdent une charge structurale et une surface spécifique importante et/ou un espace interfoliaire ouvert à l’adsorption de cations hydratés. Une étude sur des rhizolithes en milieu naturel a mis en avant que l’utilisation des isotopes du Ca et du Sr permet un traçage de source et de mécanismes efficaces dans les thématiques touchant au stockage de ces deux éléments dans les sols
This PhD thesis examined the mechanisms of storage and release, from and elementary and isotopically point of view, of calcium (Ca) and strontium (Sr) onto or into mineral phases commonly encountered within soils (primary minerals, clay minerals, oxy-hydroxides, pedogenic carbonate). A robust δ88Sr measurements method had to be developed in the laboratory and validated by the measurement of international reference materials, mostly never measured in the literature. The results of this work show that Ca adsorption onto phyllosilicate minerals generates a quantifiable isotopic fractionation by preferential uptake of the light isotope (40Ca) under our experimental conditions when the minerals have a significant structural charge and specific surface area and/or an interlayer space open to hydrated cations adsorption. A study on rhizoliths in natural environment has also highlighted that the combination of Ca and Sr isotopes allows an effective tracing of sources and mechanisms in the problematic related to the storage of these two elements within soils

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Birman, Jessie. "Quantification et propagation d'incertitude dans les phases amont de projets de conception d'avions : de l'optimisation déterministe à l'optimisation sous contraintes probabilistes." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2269/.

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Le " Conceptual Design " est la première étape d'un projet d'avion de transport de passagers. Classiquement, au cours de ce processus, un grand nombre de configurations possibles sont comparées après avoir été dimensionnées sur la base d'un processus d'optimisation déterministe, multidisciplinaire sous contraintes. L'objectif est de définir les paramètres principaux de l'avion qui répondent à un cahier des charges donné de haut niveau. A ce stade du projet, les ingénieurs doivent résoudre le problème en ayant très peu de connaissances sur le produit final et donc beaucoup d'incertitude. La gestion de l'incertitude est un point crucial : réussir à comprendre au plus tôt l'impact qu'elle aura sur la configuration et les performances de l'avion peut permettre de choisir les configurations qui présentent le meilleur rapport bénéfice sur risque ainsi que de réduire le temps de conception ultérieur et donc les coûts. Cette thèse introduit une nouvelle méthodologie pour la résolution d'un problème d'optimisation de configuration avion affecté par de l'incertitude. Dans un premier temps, la source principale d'incertitude présente à ce stade du projet est identifiée comme étant de l'incertitude de prédiction des modèles de simulation. Cette incertitude est de type épistémique. Elle est quantifiée à l'aide d'outils probabilistes. Pour ce faire, et en nous inspirant de la loi Béta, nous avons créé une nouvelle loi de probabilité générique, capable de s'ajuster à des distributions de formes très différentes, intitulée distribution Beta-Mystique. Dans un second temps, nous réalisons des études de propagation d'incertitudes à l'aide des méthodes de Monte Carlo et de propagation des moments, afin d'analyser la robustesse d'une configuration avion par rapport à une quantité d'incertitude donnée. Enfin, une optimisation sous contraintes probabilistes est résolue afin de générer des configurations avions robustes. Deux stratégies sont mises en place : l'approximation des contraintes probabilistes à l'aide de surfaces de réponses et la résolution du problème à l'aide de la méthode de propagation des moments
Conceptual aircraft sizing is the first step in the development project of a passenger transport aircraft. Classically, in this phase, a lot of aircraft configurations are compared after having been globally sized thanks to a deterministic, multidisciplinary and constrained optimisation problem. The purpose is to determine the main characteristics of the airplane according to a set of Top Level Requirements. At preliminary stage, designers have to deal with limited knowledge and high uncertainty when solving this problem. Managing that uncertainty is a major issue: assessing its impact on the design in the early stage allows to save time and cost. This PhD thesis introduces a new methodology to solve the aircraft design optimisation affected by uncertainty. First of all, the main source of uncertainty involved at this stage is identified as predictive model uncertainty, which is part of epistemic uncertainty. This uncertainty is quantified within a probabilistic framework. For that purpose, based on the Beta distribution, we create a new generic distribution function able to assume a wide range of distribution shapes: it is called Beta-Mystique distribution. Second of all, we realise uncertainty propagation studies with Monte Carlo and moment propagation methods, in order to analyse the robustness of aircraft configuration according to a set of uncertainties. Finally, a chance constrained optimisation is solved to produce a robust aircraft configuration. Two strategies are considered: the use of Surrogate models to approximate the probabilities and the resolution of the optimisation problem thanks to the moment propagation method

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Книги з теми "Quantification de phases minérales"

Pitt, Matthew. Motor unit anatomy and physiology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754596.003.0006.

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This chapter focuses on the signals recorded with needle electromyography (EMG) and the measurement of their specific parameters. These parameters include duration, amplitude, number of phases, and stability. The concept of the electrophysiologic biopsy and the explanation of unusual findings seen on EMG are introduced. In relation to the interference pattern, discussions of the firing rate, recruitment order, and interference pattern are given. Moving from the theoretical explanation of the findings, the problems of the accurate quantitative analysis of the motor unit potential are discussed and measures to improve quantification, particularly in children, are highlighted. The importance of filter settings, the storage of signals, and the different ways of collecting and analysing the potentials are all covered. This section finishes with discussion of the normative range for motor unit duration, and concludes with the automatic analysis of the interference pattern, including turns/amplitude analysis, number of short segments measurement, and envelope analysis.

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Частини книг з теми "Quantification de phases minérales"

Schaeffner, Maximilian, Eberhard Abele, Reiner Anderl, Christian Bölling, Johannes Brötz, Ingo Dietrich, Robert Feldmann, et al. "Analysis, Quantification and Evaluation of Uncertainty." In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering, 113–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78354-9_4.

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AbstractThis chapter describes the various approaches to analyse, quantify and evaluate uncertainty along the phases of the product life cycle. It is based on the previous chapters that introduce a consistent classification of uncertainty and a holistic approach to master the uncertainty of technical systems in mechanical engineering. Here, the following topics are presented: the identification of uncertainty by modelling technical processes, the detection and handling of data-induced conflicts, the analysis, quantification and evaluation of model uncertainty as well as the representation and visualisation of uncertainty. The different approaches are discussed and demonstrated on exemplary technical systems.

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Reuther, H., T. Arnold, and E. Krawczyk-Bärsch. "Quantification of Secondary Fe-Phases Formed During Sorption Experiments on Chlorites." In ICAME 2003, 439–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2852-6_66.

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Thöns, Sebastian, Arifian Agusta Irman, and Maria Pina Limongelli. "On Uncertainty, Decision Values and Innovation." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 252–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77256-7_20.

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AbstractThis paper contains a description, an alignment and a joint approach for technology readiness development with a three phases support of decision value analyses. The three phases are separated into the decision value forecasting, decision value analysis and the technology value quantification supporting the technological concept formulation and experimental testing, the prototype development and the technology qualification and operation. Decision value forecasting allows technology development guidance by technology performance requirements and the value creation even before the technology development is started. This approach is exemplified with load, damage and resistance information based integrity management of a structure and the ranking of the different strategies. The results can be used to guide a technology screening for matching with performance characteristics in terms of precision, cost and employability. Moreover, the first estimate of value creation of the technology for stakeholders, business models and market evaluation is provided.

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Percy, Andrew J., and Christoph H. Borchers. "Detailed Method for Performing the ExSTA Approach in Quantitative Bottom-Up Plasma." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 353–84. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1024-4_25.

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AbstractThe use of stable isotope-labeled standards (SIS) is an analytically valid means of quantifying proteins in biological samples. The nature of the labeled standards and their point of insertion in a bottom-up proteomic workflow can vary, with quantification methods utilizing curves in analytically sound practices. A promising quantification strategy for low sample amounts is external standard addition (ExSTA). In ExSTA, multipoint calibration curves are generated in buffer using serially diluted natural (NAT) peptides and a fixed concentration of SIS peptides. Equal concentrations of SIS peptides are spiked into experimental sample digests, with all digests (control and experimental) subjected to solid-phase extraction prior to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Endogenous peptide concentrations are then determined using the regression equation of the standard curves. Given the benefits of ExSTA in large-scale analysis, a detailed protocol is provided herein for quantifying a multiplexed panel of 125 high-to-moderate abundance proteins in undepleted and non-enriched human plasma samples. The procedural details and recommendations for successfully executing all phases of this quantification approach are described. As the proteins have been putatively correlated with various noncommunicable diseases, quantifying these by ExSTA in large-scale studies should help rapidly and precisely assess their true biomarker efficacy.

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Astruc, Laurence, Bernard Gassin, and Niccolò Mazzucco. "Étude fonctionnelle de l’industrie lithique taillée." In Klimonas, 269–84. Paris: CNRS Éditions, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/129jz.

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Ayios Tychonas-Klimonas participe, avec Ayios Tychonas-Throumbovounos et Ayia Varvara-Asprokremnos, à la définition du Cypro-PPNA entre la fin du 10e et le début du 9e millénaire avant notre ère. Nous présentons ici la première étude fonctionnelle d’une industrie lithique pour cet horizon chrono-culturel. L’assemblage a fait l’objet d’une étude techno-typologique détaillée au chapitre 14. En complément, notre but est d’identifier la destination fonctionnelle de l’industrie et de réunir des éléments sur la gestion de l’outillage et son statut. Les fonctions sont variées. Notre étude confirme d’abord, que les groupes typologiques des pointes pédonculées et des pièces lustrées sont bien liés à une utilisation comme armatures de projectile et comme éléments de faucille. Nous avons identifié, ensuite, toute une série d’activités de traitement de matières animales (boucherie, travail de la peau, de l’os et de la coquille), de matières végétales (bois, cannes ou roseaux notamment) et de matières minérales. Le taux d’utilisation de l’industrie provenant des trois secteurs fouillés (St 10, Secteurs B et F) est relativement faible, ce qui indique que nous sommes dans un contexte mixte, avec à la fois la tenue d’activités de taille dans les espaces habités ou à immédiate proximité, et d’activités diverses liées à l’économie de subsistance (moisson et chasse, préparation de produits alimentaires) ou à de petits artisanats. Ces résultats sont enfin resitués dans l’évolution des industries néolithiques à Chypre avec les données recueillies à Shillourokambos – phases ancienne et moyenne – et à Khirokitia. Ils sont comparés aux données du site contemporain de Mureybet III, dans la moyenne vallée de l’Euphrate.

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PERRILLAT, Jean-Philippe. "Diagrammes de phases et composition minéralogique du manteau terrestre." In Structure et dynamique de l’intérieur de la Terre 2, 5–35. ISTE Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9166.ch1.

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Ce chapitre expose les méthodes expérimentales et les modélisations thermodynamiques qui permettent de recréer ou de simuler au laboratoire les conditions de l’intérieur du globe, afin de prédire la nature et l’évolution de la minéralogie en fonction de la profondeur. Après une présentation des différentes espèces minérales du manteau terrestre, les diagrammes de phase des principales lithologies sont détaillées. Celles-ci sont essentielles afin de pouvoir interpréter les observations sismologiques.

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T., Cludia, Joo Cardoso de Lima, and Patrcia B. "The Quantification of Crystalline Phases in Materials: Applications of Rietveld Method." In Sintering - Methods and Products. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/34400.

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Özensel, Hatice Kübra, and Burak Efe. "The Extension of MAIRCA Based on Fuzzy Number." In Big Data Quantification for Complex Decision-Making, 169–91. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1582-8.ch007.

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Supplier selection, which is one of the phases of supply chain management, was examined in this chapter. In the line of four expert opinions and literature review, four main criteria, including environmental, economic, social, and smart criteria, and 18 sub-criteria were evaluated in this study. An interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy (IVqROF) number based MAIRCA (multi attributive ideal-real comparative analysis) method is proposed for the ranking of 5 alternative suppliers. In this chapter, fuzzy number was proposed for the MAIRCA method, but unlike the literature, IVqROF number was applied to the MAIRCA method. It has been seen that the IVqROF number, which is the extension of the q-rung orthopair fuzzy number obtained by developing the intuitionistic fuzzy number and the Pythagorean fuzzy number, provides an advantage in evaluating expert opinions. In addition, Industry 4.0 criteria were examined under the smart criterion and contributed to the supplier selection problem. The study examined the smart supplier selection problem of an automotive sub-industry company.

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Lelli, Veronica, Antonio Belardo, and Anna Maria Timperio. "From Targeted Quantification to Untargeted Metabolomics." In Metabolomics - Methodology and Applications in Medical Sciences and Life Sciences. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96852.

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Metabolomics is an emerging and rapidly evolving technology tool, which involves quantitative and qualitative metabolite assessments science. It offers tremendous promise for different applications in various fields such as medical, environmental, nutrition, and agricultural sciences. Metabolomic approach is based on global identification of a high number of metabolites present in a biological fluid. This allows to characterize the metabolic profile of a given condition and to identify which metabolites or metabolite patterns may be useful in the discrimination between different groups. The use of one mass spectrometry (MS) platform from targeted quantification to untargeted metabolomics will make more efficient workflows in many fields and should allow projects to be more easily undertaken and realized. Metabolomics can be divided into non-targeted and targeted. The first one can analyze metabolites derived from the organisms comprehensively and systematically, so it is an unbiased metabolomics analysis that can discover new biomarkers. Targeted metabolomics, on the other hand, is the study and analysis of specific metabolites. Both have their own advantages and disadvantages, and are often used in combination for discovery and accurate weight determination of differential metabolites, and allow in-depth research and analysis of subsequent metabolic molecular markers. Targeted and non-targeted metabolomics are involved in food identification, disease research, animal model verification, biomarker discovery, disease diagnosis, drug development, drug screening, drug evaluation, clinical plant metabolism and microbial metabolism research. The aim of this chapter is to highlight the versatility of metabolomic analysis due to both the enormous variety of samples and the no strict barriers between quantitative and qualitative analysis. For this purpose, two examples from our group will be considered. Using non-targeted metabolomics in opposite Antarctic cryptoendolytic communities exposed to the sun, we revealed specific adaptations. Instead, through the targeted metabolomics applied to the urine during childbirth, we identified a different distribution of specific metabolites and the metabolic differences allowed us to discriminate between the two phases of labor, highlighting the metabolites most involved in the discrimination. The choice of these two approaches is to highlight that metabolomic analysis can be applied to any sample, even physiologically and metabolomically very distant, as can be microorganisms living on Antarctic rocks and biological fluids such as urine.

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da Cunha Rocha, Adriana, and Gabriela Ribeiro Pereira. "Identification and Quantification of Phases in Steels by X Ray Diffraction using Rietveld Refinement." In High-Resolution Inelastic X-Ray Scattering [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91823.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Quantification de phases minérales"

Argyris, Costas, Costas Papadimitriou, Panagiotis Panetsos, and Panos Tsopelas. "MODEL CALIBRATION OF METSOVO BRIDGE USING AMBIENT VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS FROM VARIOUS CONSTRUCTION PHASES." In 1st International Conference on Uncertainty Quantification in Computational Sciences and Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120215.4261.702.

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West, Geoff D., Sharhid Jabar, Barbara Shollock, Tapasvi Lolla, and John Siefert. "A Standardized Approach for the Quantification of Microstructure in 9Cr Steels." In AM-EPRI 2019, edited by J. Shingledecker and M. Takeyama. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2019p0294.

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Abstract In order to understand the microstructural evolution during service that 9Cr steels experience it is important to be able to quantify key microstructural parameters that define the characteristics of the secondary phases (e.g. precipitated phases and inclusions) and the steel matrix. The average size of M23C6, Laves phase and MX particles in these materials have been reported in many studies, however comparability between these studies is compromised by variations in technique and different/incomplete reporting of procedure. This paper provides guidelines on what is required to accurately measure these parameters in a reproducible way, taking into account macro-scale chemical heterogeneities and the statistical number of particles required to make meaningful measurements. Although international standards do exist for inclusion analysis, these standards were not developed to measure the number per unit area of hard particles that can act as creep cavity nucleation sites. In this work a standardized approach for measuring inclusions from this perspective is proposed. In addition the associated need to understand the segregation characteristics of the material are described, which in addition to defining the area that needs to be analysed to measure the average number of inclusions per unit area, also allows the maximum number of inclusions per unit area to be determined, a parameter which is more likely to define the damage tolerance of the material.

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Kotteda, V. M. Krushnarao, Anitha Kommu, Vinod Kumar, and William Spotz. "Uncertainty Quantification of a Fluidized Bed Reactor." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-4844.

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Abstract Fluidized beds are used in a wide range of applications in gasification, combustion, and process engineering. Multiphase flow in such applications involves numerous uncertain parameters. Uncertainty quantification provides uncertainty in syngas yield and efficiency of coal/biomass gasification in a power plant. Techniques such as sensitivity analysis are useful in identifying parameters that have the most influence on the quantities of interest. Also, it helps to decrease the computational cost of the uncertainty quantification and optimize the reactor. We carried out a nondeterministic analysis of flow in a biomass reactor. The flow in the reactor is simulated with National Energy Technology Laboratory’s open source multiphase fluid dynamics suite MFiX. It does not possess tools for uncertainty quantification. Therefore, we developed a C++ wrapper to integrate an uncertainty quantification toolkit developed at Sandia National Laboratory with MFiX. The wrapper exchanges uncertain input parameters and critical output parameters among Dakota and MFiX. We quantify uncertainty in key output parameters via a sampling method. In addition, sensitivity analysis is carried out for all eight uncertain input parameters namely particle-particle restitution coefficient, angle of internal friction, coefficient of friction between two-phases, velocity of the fluidizing agent at the inlet, velocity of the biomass particles at the inlet, diameter of the biomass particles, viscosity of the fluidizing agent, and the percentage of nitrogen/oxygen in the fluidizing agent.

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Cubeddu, Rinaldo, Cosimo D’Andrea, Antonio Pifferi, Paola Taroni, Alessandro Torricelli, and Gianluca Valentini. "Quantification of Breast Tissue Constituents from Time-Resolved Reflectance Spectra." In In Vivo optical Imaging at the NIH. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ivoi.1999.dis118.

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The optical properties of the breast of a 35 yr. old volunteer were studied as a function of the menstrual period using a system for time resolved reflectance spectroscopy from 610 to 1000 nm. The availability of a wide spectral range allowed us to derive the mean concentration of the main tissue absorbers (water, lipids, oxy-, and deoxy-hemoglobin), and to infer information on the microscopic structure. Reflectance spectra were richer of blood and lipids, while transmittance spectra showed a more marked water peak. Changes of absorption properties were observed as a function of phases within the menstrual cycle with an increase in blood and lipid absorption in reflectance and of water content in transmittance while approaching menstruation. Scattering spectra experienced a drop in slope across ovulation, suggesting a change in size and structure of scatterers. This spectroscopy technique can be of great help to understand breast physiology from an optical point of view, and to help further improvement of optical mammography.

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Forteski, Elan Gabriel, Rodrigo Helleis, Renata Bachmann Guimarães Valt, Leonardo Henrique Gomes, Henrique da Rosa Galeski, Liandro Santos da Silva, Maria Ponte, and Haroldo de Araujo Ponte. "Detection and Quantification of Deleterious Phases Generated by TIG Welding in Duplex Stainless steel via Linear Sweep Voltammetry." In ROG.e Conference, 4546–60. IBP, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.48072/2525-7579.roge.2024.3331.

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Davis, David M., and Daniel M. Deocampo. "QUANTIFICATION OF AMORPHOUS FE-OXYHYDROXIDES AND PHYLLOSILICATES: APPLICATIONS FOR THE STUDY OF FE-BEARING PHASES IN EAST AFRICAN LAKES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-316695.

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Tarafdar, Kishore K., Seemadri Subhadarshini, Suraj K. Nayak, Kunal Pal, Akhil Guntur, and Swatilekha Paul. "Recurrence Quantification Analysis of RR Interval Signals of Female Smokers and Non-smokers during Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle." In 2018 15th IEEE India Council International Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon45594.2018.8987150.

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da Silva, R. F. "QUANTIFICATION OF PHASES IN CEMENTS AND CLINKER SAMPLES BY THE RIETVELD METHOD USING THE TOPAS AND TOPAS BBQ SOFTWARES." In International Symposium on Crystallography. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/phypro-sic100-067.

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Al-Abri, Omar S., Tasneem Pervez, Sayyad Z. Qamar, and Rashid Khan. "Finite Element Formulation for Prediction and Quantification of Stick-Slip Phenomenon in Down-Hole Tubular Expansion." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66228.

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The challenges in exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas resources are enormous. The complex reservoir characteristics, and oil and gas flow regimes introduce difficulty in predicting the oil and gas in-place, recovery and production profiles, and wells placement, design and completion. Horizontal drilling and completion using centuries-old manufacturing process of tube forming resulted in producing oil and gas from large areas with smaller footprint on the surface. Though expensive but it optimizes the recovery. The in-situ diametral expansion of tubular using a solid mandrel causes permanent deformation in which the system experiences large frictional forces at mandrel/tubular interface resulting in stick-slip phenomenon. It results in varying tubular thickness and diametral eccentricity which causes structural instability in wells leading to premature failure. A finite element model describing the dynamics of stick-slip phenomenon in down-hole tubular expansion was developed. Three different set of equations; one each for stick, slip and transition phases were derived using equilibrium equations, time-dependent static friction model and velocity-dependent kinetic friction model. A switch model utilizing the zero velocity interval criterion was used to define stick, slip and transition phases. The newly developed model was implemented in the finite element model by means of two user-defined subroutines namely VFRIC and VDLOAD in commercial finite element software ABAQUS. Experimental and simulation results agree well for expansion force, wall thickness reduction and tubular length shortening. It was found that the thickness variation is the most critical parameter due to its effect in lowering collapse strength of expanded tubular. Parametric study investigations showed that the effect of this phenomenon may possibly be minimized by manipulating mandrel geometry, contact conditions, and/or mandrel speed.

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Pallavi, Priya, Shashi Ranjan, Niravkumar Patel, Manasi Kanetkar, and Uttama Lahiri. "Smart Wearable Device for Quantification of Risk of Fall: Exploring Role of Gait Phases and Knee Bending Angle for Parkinson's Patients." In 2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871774.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Quantification de phases minérales"

McKay, S., Nate Richards, and Todd Swannack. Ecological model development : evaluation of system quality. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45380.

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Ecological models are used throughout the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to inform decisions related to ecosystem restoration, water operations, environmental impact assessment, environmental mitigation, and other topics. Ecological models are typically developed in phases of conceptualization, quantification, evaluation, application, and communication. Evaluation is a process for assessing the technical quality, reliability, and ecological basis of a model and includes techniques such as calibration, verification, validation, and review. In this technical note (TN), we describe an approach for evaluating system quality, which generally includes the computational integrity, numerical accuracy, and programming of a model or modeling system. Methods are presented for avoiding computational errors during development, detecting errors through model testing, and updating models based on review and use. A formal structure is proposed for model test plans and subsequently demonstrated for a hypothetical habitat suitability model. Overall, this TN provides ecological modeling practitioners with a rapid guide for evaluating system quality.

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Suir, Glenn, Molly Reif, and Christina Saltus. Remote sensing capabilities to support EWN® projects : an R&D approach to improve project efficiencies and quantify performance. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45241.

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Engineering With Nature (EWN®) is a US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Initiative and Program that promotes more sustainable practices for delivering economic, environmental, and social benefits through collaborative processes. As the number and variety of EWN® projects continue to grow and evolve, there is an increasing opportunity to improve how to quantify their benefits and communicate them to the public. Recent advancements in remote sensing technologies are significant for EWN® because they can provide project-relevant detail across a large areal extent, in which traditional survey methods may be complex due to site access limitations. These technologies encompass a suite of spatial and temporal data collection and processing techniques used to characterize Earth's surface properties and conditions that would otherwise be difficult to assess. This document aims to describe the general underpinnings and utility of remote sensing technologies and applications for use: (1) in specific phases of the EWN® project life cycle; (2) with specific EWN® project types; and (3) in the quantification and assessment of project implementation, performance, and benefits.

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Caritat, P. de, and U. Troitzsch. Towards a regolith mineralogy map of the Australian continent: a feasibility study in the Darling-Curnamona-Delamerian region. Geoscience Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2021.035.

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Bulk quantitative mineralogy of regolith is a useful indicator of lithological precursor (protolith), degree of weathering, and soil properties affecting various potential landuse decisions. To date, no national-scale maps of regolith mineralogy are available in Australia. Catchment outlet sediments collected over 80% of the continent as part of the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) afford a unique opportunity to rapidly and cost-effectively determine regolith mineralogy using the archived sample material. This report releases mineralogical data and metadata obtained as part of a feasibility study in a selected pilot area for such a national regolith mineralogy database and atlas. The area chosen for this study is within the Darling-Curnamona-Delamerian (DCD) region of southeastern Australia. The DCD region was selected as a ‘deep-dive’ data acquisition and analysis by the Exploration for the Future (2020-2024) federal government initiative managed at Geoscience Australia. One hundred NGSA sites from the DCD region were prepared for X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, which consisted of qualitative mineral identification of the bulk samples (i.e., ‘major’ minerals), qualitative clay mineral identification of the <2 µm grain-size fraction, and quantitative analysis of both ‘major’ and clay minerals of the bulk sample. The identified mineral phases were quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, calcite, dolomite, gypsum, halite, hematite, goethite, rutile, zeolite, amphibole, talc, kaolinite, illite (including muscovite and biotite), palygorskite (including interstratified illite-smectite and vermiculite), smectite (including interstratified illite-smectite), vermiculite, and chlorite. Poorly diffracting material (PDM) was also quantified and reported as ‘amorphous’. Mineral identification relied on the EVA® software, whilst quantification was performed using Siroquant®. Resulting mineral abundances are reported with a Chi-squared goodness-of-fit between the actual diffractogram and a modelled diffractogram for each sample, as well as an estimated standard error (esd) measurement of uncertainty for each mineral phase quantified. Sensitivity down to 0.1 wt% (weight percent) was achieved, with any mineral detection below that threshold reported as ‘trace’. Although detailed interpretation of the mineralogical data is outside the remit of the present data release, preliminary observations of mineral abundance patterns suggest a strong link to geology, including proximity to fresh bedrock, weathering during sediment transport, and robust relationships between mineralogy and geochemistry. The mineralogical data generated by this study are presented in Appendix A of this report and are downloadable as a .csv file. Mineral abundance or presence/absence maps are shown in Appendices B and C to document regional mineralogical patterns.

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