Дисертації з теми "Qualité de protection"
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Romain-Prot, Véronique. "Protection internationale des signes de qualité agro-alimentaire." Nantes, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NANT4008.
Повний текст джерелаHow can the unlawful use of foreign signs of quality for products sold out of the national borders be repressed ? The elaboration and the use of an international protection of these signs are not easy. There are two legal bodies to protect the foreign signs of quality. The first ones are national. In pursuance of this principle of territoriality, the protection of signs of quality is ruled by the right of the country where the protection is asked for. What is at stake for a country is to recognize and protect a sign of quality which has been recognized by another country, though these two countries have different and even opposed regulation about recognition and protection of signs of quality. The protections of foreign signs of quality by these rights reveal that the common law countries and the countries of southern Europe have completely different views of signs of quality. These divergences are due to the variety of national legislation. The second legal bodies are international. The first international and multilateral conventions care essentially about the protection of trademarks. Under the influence of France, international agreements on the recognition and protection of appellations of origin have been concluded. These texts stipulate a general protection of the signs of quality for all processed food products. There are the Paris convention for the protection of industrial property, the Madrid agreement for the repression of false or deceptive indications of source on goods and the Lisbon agreement for the protection of appellations of origin. The protection settled by these old texts is not effective. New protection bodies were found in the international law. The european union adopt the regulation on protected designation of origin and protected geographical indications and "attestations de spécificité". The Uruguay round lead to the agreement on trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights, including trade in counterfeit goods. This agreement lays the foundation for a world definition of the geographical indications and stipulates the application of effective sanctions in case of disrespect of the obligations
Desrousseaux, Maylis. "La protection juridique de la qualité des sols." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30080.
Повний текст джерелаThe soil is the upper layer of the earth’s crust, the plan surface that stretches from one horizon to the other. It is the crop lands, the scattering sand, the ground we trample on, the link between men and their territory: garden, region, state. The soils, those fragile and multifunctional ecosystems, provide many ecological services and guarantee the environmental quality. The law contains several conceptions of the notion of soils quality. But, far from constituting a protection status, this integration ignores, a priori, their environmental qualities. However, the soils are a finite resource and their non-sustainable use leads to their degradation, often irreversible, and to their growing scarcity. Progressively, the law added elements of soils multifonctionality, integrating sustainable practices. This utilitarian approach of soil quality proves to be selective and remains focused on the preservation of a small part of all the ecological services: the ones that men directly need, like food production and ignores the indirect ones like carbon storage. Nevertheless, this approach is complemented by the raising of an objectivist conception of quality, which reveals the propensity of the law to take into account the intrinsic value of soils
Mahane, Mouna. "Qualité de protection des circuits intégrés contre les décharges électrostatiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30323.
Повний текст джерелаThis work has been done in a highly competitive context, where electronic-system designers require electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices providing high performance levels. The purpose of protection device is to make circuits robust against ESD event, while being totally invisible to the system during normal operation. In this work, several aspects of ESD protection device are discussed, and new testing methods are proposed. An overview of design issues related to the several aspects of ESD protection is outlined. A new design approach is proposed which aims to address a large range of applications and is based on a "flexible" technology of protection. We achieve this challenge using machine learning tools and physical simulations to explore and yield profit from the existing compromises between designs and process parameters. The final goal is to allow maximum design flexibility while providing guidance to easily adapt ESD protection to the targeted application-requirements
Le, Mercier Thomas. "Etablissements publics de santé et qualité environnementale." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT4022.
Повний текст джерелаThe environmental quality in hospitals, i. E. Their capacity to provide an environment compliant with healthcare requirements and to pay attention to environmental protection in general, is not covered as such by the legislation. Nevertheless, the legislation holds a major role in its formation. It gives healthcare establishments the means to manage the physical characteristics of their environment. Therefore the "hospitals" are the main actors of their environmental quality: they define it, they have the responsibility to integrate it to their general management and they have a duty to consider it when faced with a choice of management method as regards to any secondary activities The law is also involved in the achievement of environmental quality within hospitals through the broader scope of state building legislation. It determines consequently the concept of private project management in such a way as to offer contracting authorities, among which hospitals, the means to enrol the services of qualified architects and engineers that are able to comply with their specific expectations. The agreement contents binding architects and engineers to the contracting authority, which organises the schedule of the project development, is also covered by the legislation in order to allow the construction of quality structures. Beyond the organisation of relationships between the contracting authority, the architects and engineers, the legislation interferes with the environmental quality of th hospitals by enforcing a control through inspections of some specific aspects by bodies whose conclusions can lead to the modification of some of the characteristics of the projected building
Tortrat, Florent. "Modèlisation orientée décision des processus de transfert par ruissellement et subsurface des herbicides dans les bassins versants agricoles." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012049.
Повний текст джерелаNoblot, Cyril. "La qualité du contractant comme critère légal de protection : essai de méthodologie législative." Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIMD006.
Повний текст джерелаGallien, Manon. "La résilience des Systèmes Alimentaires de qualité différenciée : approche pour la compréhension des dynamiques de protection de la qualité de l'eau en agriculture." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2067/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn 2009, The Grenelle de l'Environnement (French environmental pact) introduced environmental clauses within Geographical Indications (GI) specifications. French Water agencies (agences de l’eau) perceive it as a good opportunity to address the issue of agricultural pollution, by takings actions at the upstream level. In this context, this study examines how certainfood quality processes are proactively setting targets for conserving water. This question led to develop a global approach in order to look at the issues of water quality from the wider angle of environmental preservation. It requires not only to focus on regulation tools of food quality products but also to take into account a larger set of environmental actions. Along the same lines, the theoretical framework of the resilience of food system of differentiated quality has also been developed. It allows to study proactive environmental dynamics set up by stakeholders to deal with perturbations linked to natural resources degradation, such as water. Those perturbations can be factual (measured) or represented, when stakeholders consider a potential risk. This analytical framework has been applied on case studies in viticulture and fruit production in the South-East of France. The results underscore the complexity of environmental dynamics: they are based on a set of complementary actions and require the mobilization of key players, able to engage in a collective dynamics but also to have a wider vision of food systems, both by looking at the vertical dimension (market oriented) and horizontal dimension (link with the local territory)
Dubois, Loïc. "Protection de vidéo comprimée par chiffrement sélectif réduit." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20169/document.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, videos and images are major sources of communication for professional or personal purposes. Their number grow exponentially and the confidentiality of the content has become a major problem for their acquisition, transmission, storage, and display. In order to solve this problem, selective encryption is a solution which provides visual privacy by encrypting only a part of the data. Selective encryption preserves the initial bit-rate and maintains compliance with the syntax of the standard video. This Ph.D thesis offers several methods of selective encryption for H.264/AVC video standard. Reduced selective encryption methods, based on the H.264/AVC architecture, are studied in order to find the minimum ratio of encryption but sufficient to ensure visual privacy. Objective quality measures are used to assess the visual privacy of encrypted videos. In addition, a new quality measure is proposed to analyze the video flicker over time. Finally, a method for a reduced selective encryption regulated by quality measures is studied to adapt the encryption depending on the visual privacy fixed
Rouaud, Olivier. "Etudes numériques et expérimentales de dispositifs de protection contre la contamination aéroportée dans les industries alimentaires." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2029.
Повний текст джерелаFoodstuffs manufacture requires increasingly drastic conditions of hygiene. One of the elements which fully contributes to these quality requirements is based on the airborne contamination control. This one is generally carried out thanks to the use of clean rooms which allow, by means of high air change rates, to control the level of dust contamination around the sensitive products. .
Collignon, Patrick. "La qualité de vie chez les personnes sévèrement polyhandicapées." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX20683.
Повний текст джерелаQuality of life is an ethical concept based on utilitarian theory of ethics. In order to demonstrate that this concept is applicable for persons with profound and multiple disabilities we performed a textual analysis of french laws related to people with handicaps. This study highlighted the well known principles as normalization, integration, social role valorization, individual service plans, and selfdetermination. These principles could also be a component of quality of life. Then a computerised analysis of french regulations specific for medicosocial institutions caring for polyhandicapped children explored the place of quality of life in these texts. This concept appears clearly as an aim for professional practice, but it is never considered as an issue determining the allocation of sevice ressources. In fact quality of life cannot be a condition for the dignity of the person. There is no opposition between quality of life and its sacred dimension. Dignity must be inherent in the human condition
Jean, Myriam. "La gestion des eaux pluviales comme outil de protection de la qualité de l'eau des lacs de villégiature." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37612.
Повний текст джерелаToussaint, Emmanuelle. "Étude exploratoire de la qualité de vie des enfants accueillis en foyer au titre de la protection de l'enfance : qualité de vie, représentations d'attachement et problèmes de comportement." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT3006.
Повний текст джерелаGuilguet, Isabelle. "L'allongement de la durée de protection des inventions en matière de médicament." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P091.
Повний текст джерелаNordey, Thibault. "Analyse expérimentale et modélisation de l’hétérogénéité de la qualité et de la maturité des mangues." Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG0332/document.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the major difficulties involved in marketing fresh mango is to manage its quality. Mango quality includes several attributes such as size, total soluble solids content, acidity and color, all of which vary with growing conditions and during ripening. The aim of this thesis is to determine the impact of growing conditions on fruit quality and ripening through experimental and modeling approaches.Experimental studies have revealed that size, dry mass and maturity vary considerably between mangoes according to their position in the tree and fruit load. Measurements suggest that fruit growth is affected by the embolization of sap-conducting vessels. In addition to differences measured between mangoes, our results showed that quality attributes vary within fruits in relation to the maturity gradient.A physical model showed that climatic variations within the tree caused substantial temperature gradients within mangoes that change with the fruit position in the tree. These simulations revealed that quality differences within mangoes are not related to the temperature gradient, except for fruit color. Use of a model that simulates the biosynthetic pathway of ethylene indicated that maturity differences between mangoes are explained by differences in carbon supply and, to a much lesser extent, to differences in temperature. The integration of experimental results into a growth model revealed that the embolization of sap-conducting vessels caused the slowdown of fruit enlargement. Lastly, when all of these models were coupled to a model that simulates fruit growth in dry mass, it was demonstrated that variations in size, dry matter content and maturity between mangoes were caused by differences in fruit load, flowering time, fruit dry mass at the end of cell division and transpiration, rather than by differences in temperature.The multidisciplinary approach developed made it possible to better understand the processes involved in fruit quality and ripening and to open new areas of research
Khoury, Vanessa El. "Semantic protection and personalization of video content PIAF : MPEG compliant adaptation framework preserving the user perceived quality." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0086/document.
Повний текст джерелаUniversal Multimedia Experience (UME) is the notion that a user should receive informative adapted content anytime and anywhere. Personalization of videos, which adapts their content according to user preferences, is a vital aspect of achieving the UME vision. User preferences can be translated into several types of constraints that must be considered by the adaptation process, including semantic constraints directly related to the content of the video. The overall goal of this adaptation process is to provide users with adapted content that maximizes their Quality of Experience (QoE). This QoE depends at the same time on the level of the user's satisfaction in perceiving the adapted content, the amount of knowledge assimilated by them, and the adaptation execution time. In video adaptation frameworks, the Adaptation Decision Taking Engine (ADTE), is responsible for achieving this goal. The task of the ADTE is challenging as many adaptation operations can satisfy the same semantic constraint, and thus arising in several feasible adaptation plans. Indeed, for each entity to be adapted, the ADTE must decide on the adequate adaptation operator that satisfies the user's preferences while maximizing his/her quality of experience. The first challenge to achieve in this is to objectively measure the quality of the adapted video, while considering the multiple aspects of the QoE. The second challenge is to assess beforehand this quality in order to choose the most appropriate adaptation plan among all possible ones. The third challenge is to resolve conflicting or overlapping semantic constraints, in particular conflicts arising from constraints expressed by owner's intellectual property rights (IPR) about the modification of the content. In this thesis, we tackled the aforementioned challenges by proposing a Utility Function (UF), which integrates semantic concerns with user's perceptual considerations. This UF models the relationships among adaptation operations, user preferences, and the quality of the video content. We integrated this UF into an ADTE. This ADTE performs a multi-level piecewise reasoning to choose the adaptation plan that maximizes the user-perceived quality. Furthermore, we included IPR in the adaptation process. Thereby, we modeled content owner constraints, and proposed a heuristic to resolve conflicting user and owner constraints. More, we developed SVCAT, which produces structural and high-level semantic annotation according to an original object-based video content model. We modeled as well the user's preferences proposing extensions to MPEG-7 and MPEG-21. All the developed contributions were carried out as part of a coherent framework called PIAF. We validated this research with qualitative and quantitative evaluations, which assess the performance and the efficiency of the proposed adaptation decision-taking engine within PIAF
Boulos, Fadi. "Transmission d'images et de vidéos sur réseaux à pertes de paquets : mécanismes de protection et optimisation de la qualité perçue." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473801.
Повний текст джерелаBoulos, Fadi. "Transmissions d'images et de vidéos sur réseaux à pertes de paquets : mécanismes de protection et optimisation de la qualité perçue." Nantes, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473801.
Повний текст джерелаMultimedia traffic over IP has grown significantly in recent years due to the proliferation of IPTV channels and Video on Demand (VOD) services. However, the Quality of Experience (QoE) associated with multimedia services can vary dramatically because of the fluctuating Quality of Service (QoS). Improving QoS parameters or acting directly on the QoE ensures an acceptable quality level. In this thesis, we study the perceptual impact of QoE fluctuation and the possible ways of improving it. We first propose to use an exact and discrete Radon transform, the Mojette transform, as a network coding tool. Network coding aims at enhancing QoS by optimizing the use of available bandwidth. We also propose a perceptual unequal error protection method for scalable bitstreams based on the Mojette transform. Second, we study the perceptual effects of packet loss on H. 264/AVC encoded videos by means of subjective quality tests. The test results show that the spatial position of the loss in the image is important w. R. T. The overall visual quality. This leads us to conduct eye tracking tests in order to identify the regions of interest of a video sequence. We then propose perceptual unequal error protection methods on the basis of the hierarchy determined by the regions of interest. These error resilient techniques target halting the spatio-temporal error propagation using H. 264/AVC Flexible Macroblock Ordering (FMO). Performance evaluation results show that the proposed methods are efficient against packet loss occurring in the regions of interest of the video
Joachim, Claire. "Le partage des compétences en matière de protection de la qualité des eaux douces au Canada et dans l'Union européenne." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU10059/document.
Повний текст джерелаHow living together in diversity? Canada and European Union are two legal systems presenting this type of question : the legal diversity management. The answer to this question is composed of the alignment of the one and the multiple. In Europe, it is achieved in the allocation of powers between european and national legal orders ; in Canada, between federal and provincial legal orders. Fresh waters quality protection in Canada and EU has been chosen in order to reveal the allocation of powers issues from a global perspective. The aim of this research is to go beyond an analysis on how are legal systems supposed to work, to emphasize their real way of functioning. The combination of the allocation of powers rules allows this approach in water quality protection. This concrete example reveals that there are similarities between canadian and european allocation of powers. The balance of these distributions of powers has been eroded, because of powers centralization caused by an effectiveness principle in this field
Joachim, Claire. "Le partage des compétences en matière de protection de la qualité des eaux douces au Canada et dans l'Union européenne." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25769.
Повний текст джерелаComment vivre ensemble dans la diversité ? Le Canada et l’Europe sont deux ordres juridiques présentant ce même type de problématique : la gestion de la diversité juridique. La réponse se présente en un système de droit où il apparaît nécessaire de conjuguer l’un et le multiple. Dans le cas européen, il s'agit d'une conjugaison entre les ordres de gouvernement supranational et national, tandis qu'au Canada, il s'agit des ordres fédéral et provincial. Un élément de cette réponse apparaît dans l’organisation des rapports entre ces ordres juridiques. Plus précisément, un éclairage particulier ressort de l'évolution du partage des compétences, par l'intermédiaire de l'articulation des normes issues de ces différents niveaux. Le domaine de la protection de la qualité des eaux douces au Canada et dans l’Union européenne a été choisi pour révéler les enjeux de ces relations dans une perspective globale. L’objectif est de dépasser l’analyse du droit tel qu’il devrait être, pour le faire ressortir tel qu’il est. Plus précisément, il s’agit de faire ressortir comment s’articulent réellement les différents ordres de gouvernement au sein du Canada et de l’Union européenne. Seule une combinaison des normes du partage des compétences permet une telle entreprise. La démarche comparative est centrale puisqu’elle permet de mettre en perspective ces dispositifs entre deux ordres juridiques n’étant pas au même stade de leur construction. L'exemple de la protection de la qualité des eaux douces nous apprend qu'il existe des ressemblances fonctionnelles au Canada et en Europe au sujet de l'équilibre de la répartition des compétences. Cet équilibre semble entamé dans les deux régions, ce qui serait dû à une centralisation extensive des compétences et une uniformisation du droit, phénomènes progressifs engendrés par l'importance du principe d'efficacité dans ce domaine.
How living together in diversity ? Canada and European Union are two legal systems presenting this type of question : the legal diversity management. The answer to this question is composed of the alignment of the one and the multiple. In Europe, it is achieved in the allocation of powers between european and national legal orders ; in Canada, between federal and provincial legal orders. Fresh waters quality protection in Canada and EU has been chosen in order to reveal the allocation of powers issues from a global perspective. The aim of this research is to go beyond an analysis on how are legal systems supposed to work, to emphasize their real way of functioning. The combination of the allocation of powers rules allows this approach in water quality protection. This concrete example reveals that there are similarities between canadian and european allocation of powers. The balance of these distributions of powers has been eroded, because of powers centralization caused by an effectiveness principle in this field.
Bonton, Alexandre. "Étude spatiotemporelle de la qualité de l'eau souterraine sur l'aire d'alimentation d'un captage municipal en milieu agricole." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27049/27049.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаA sound scientific basis for decision-making about land management and groundwater protection includes a proper understanding of the relationships between agricultural activities and the quality of pumped water at a municipal well. There is a need to assess both nitrate and bacterial contamination in a capture area, and to ensure that regulations through protection areas are adapted to prevent risks to consumer health. For this purpose, field monitoring and numerical simulations were performed on the actual case of a municipal well in an agricultural area in the province of Québec (Canada). A number of 38 piezometers were installed within the capture area in order to monitor physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters in groundwater. At the same time, a three-dimensional Water flow and Nitrate transport Global Model (WNGM) in unconfined aquifer was developed in order to simulate nitrate concentrations in the aquifer and in the municipal well, in relation with agricultural practice. Model calibration was performed using water level and nitrate concentration measured in the aquifer. The simulations of several scenarios provided a better understanding of past trends of nitrate concentrations in the municipal well, as well as predictions of nitrate concentrations in the municipal well assuming different land management practices within the capture area. The results of physico-chemical monitoring demonstrate the impact of agricultural activities on groundwater quality, particularly on nitrate levels. The results of bacteriological monitoring show a significant variability of bacteria content in groundwater. Finally, the results of the numerical simulation demonstrate that modelling is able to provide valid and useful prediction of nitrate levels in the municipal well, and that better agricultural practice can improve significantly groundwater quality at the well.
Iordache, Vlad. "Etude de l'impact de la pollution atmosphérique sur l'exposition des enfants en milieu scolaire : recherche de moyens de prédiction et de protection." La Rochelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LAROS095.
Повний текст джерелаThis research project developed by LEPTAB and AREQUA in the framework of PRIMEQUAL program targets for the relation between the indoor and local outdoor pollution. The first phase of this project consisted in the establishment of the experimental database by simultaneous recordings of the indoor and outdoor nitrogen oxides, ozone and particles matter concentrations, in eight schools in La Rochelle, France. The other recorded parameters are the indoor temperature and humidity, classroom occupation, window openings, indoor-outdoor pressure difference, wind speed and direction. The second phase presents a statistical analysis of the measured data in order to bring into view those parameters influencing the relation between the indoor and outdoor levels of pollution. The last phase provides different neuro-fuzzy models for all pollutants that can successfully be used to predict the indoor pollution level as a function of the outdoor pollution level and the building airtightness
Nadaï, Alain. "Nature, fonctionnement et utilisation de l'écolabel de produit." Paris, ENMP, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENMP0857.
Повний текст джерелаYamine, Nasser El. "Contribution à l'étude qualitative des eaux d'alimentation des principales agglomérations marocaines : problème du maintien, de l'amélioration et de la protection de cette qualité." Montpellier 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON20027.
Повний текст джерелаDagonneau-Tridon, Isaline. "Le conditionnement secondaire : rédaction d'un support de formation pour la conduite d'une ligne de conditionnement d'ampoules pharmaceutiques." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P045.
Повний текст джерелаDanovics, Vadims. "L' indication géographique de produits agricoles dans l'Union européenne." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010038.
Повний текст джерелаDanatoiu, Cristina. "Étude des phénomènes d'adsorption et désorption de composes organiques volatils sur charbon actif : Application to the improvement of industrial atmospheres." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0118.
Повний текст джерелаA study of the adsorption and desorption processes of organic volatile compounds on active charcoal vas performed, in order to improve the quality of the atmosphere in car painting places. This work was done with solvents that already exist in these atmospheres, particularly toluene, butanol, n-butyl-acetate, xylene and cyclohexanone, onto four active charcoals, two Romanian: RCAFS and AD3 commercialised by ROMCARBON and two french ones, AC35 and AC40, commercialised by CECA. Several analysis techniques were used: gas-chromatography, thermal analysis and mass spectrometry. The study takes into account the theoretical aspects of the retention processes of the solvents onto porous solids, at microscopical level, with the help of adsorption isotherms of the toluene on the charcoals. The breakthrough of the charcoals by the pure solvents was obtained, in order to determine the optimal conditions and the values of the constants that intervene in the modelisation of an adsorber. The desorption with hot air was also studied, aiming to the regeneration of the charcoals and in the same time the recuperation of the sol vents. The adsorption-desorption cycles permitted also the verification of the behaviour of the charcoals intime. Coupling thermogravimetrical analysis with mass spectrometry (DTG-DTP/SM) allowed to perform a programmed temperature study who retrieved the fabrication tar (naphthenic compound) in greater or smaller quantities, depending on the charcoal used. The desorption energies were also evaluated. The association of all the results made possible the calculation of the working of an adsorber provided with these active charcoals
Longe, Ezéchiel Oladapo. "Épuration des eaux usées par infiltration : mécanismes de décontamination et protection des eaux souterraines." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20027.
Повний текст джерелаCarlier, François. "Information du consommateur et dynamique de branche : qualité et traçabilité dans la filière bovine française." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010081.
Повний текст джерелаMansouri, Omar. "Sur l'autopilotage à capteur statique de position d'actionneur électromagnétique direct en milieux confinés : & l'amélioration de la qualité de tension d'onduleur triphasé." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS0017.
Повний текст джерелаCette thèse est composée de deux volets. Le premier volet est consacré à l’étude et la réalisation d’une boucle d’autopilotage sans capteur mécanique d’un actionneur électromagnétique direct appliqué aux milieux confinés. Le but est de supprimer toute la chaîne cinématique afin de transmettre directement le couple à la charge mécanique au travers d’une paroi amagnétique de confinement. Les applications visées concernent toutes les industries à ambiance contrôlée où on doit soit protéger l’homme de la matière (nucléaire), soit protéger la matière de l’homme (pharmaceutique, cosmétique, agroalimentaire). Cet actionneur doit être adapté à une situation d’exploitation préexistante en traitement de déchets radioactifs. Afin d’optimiser le couple électromagnétique transmis, de contrôler la vitesse et d’éviter le décrochage, nous avons mis au point un nouveau capteur statique de position. Ce capteur inductif est composé de trois enroulements disposés dans la partie naturelle. Un circuit électronique a été mis au point pour la mise en forme des signaux nécessaires à la commande de l’onduleur et à la régulation de vitesse à couple maximale. Le signal d’entrée de ce circuit est issu du capteur statique de position. Le second volet de cette thèse consiste en l’étude théorique et la validation expérimentale d’un onduleur de tension à angles de commutations pré-calculés. Le but est d’optimiser simultanément le taux d’harmoniques et le nombre de commutations par période, en vue de limiter les pertes dans les interrupteurs de puissance tout en assurant une tension de bonne qualité. Pour cela deux méthodes ont été proposées. Dans la première méthode, l’onduleur alimente directement la charge. Les angles de commutations sont pré-calculés dans le but d’annuler le maximum d’harmoniques de rangs faibles et successifs. Nous avons proposés deux techniques de calcul des angles de commutations pour la commande de l’onduleur. Dans la seconde méthode, nous proposons d’insérer un filtre passif de type LC entre l’onduleur et la charge triphasée. L’objectif visé est d’augmenter encore plus la qualité de la tension de sortie en éliminant les harmoniques restants, sans augmenter les contraintes dans les composants semi-conducteurs de puissance. La conception de ce filtre a été aussi étudiée afin d’optimiser son efficacité et d’éviter l’amplification des harmoniques. Cette méthode offre aussi la possibilité de l’utilisation de condensateurs polarisés dont la capacité volumique est élevée. Tous les travaux cités ci-dessus ont été vérifiés en premier lieu par simulation sous la plate forme logicielle MATLAB Simulink. Ensuite, ils ont été validés expérimentalement au moyen de support que nous avons mis au point au sein du Laboratoire. Les résultats obtenus montrent une augmentation importante des performances électrique et mécanique de l’actionneur et une réduction significative du taux d’harmoniques en sortie de l’onduleur triphasé
Busin, Carine. "Rôle du comité de protection des personnes dans la recherche biomédicale dans la qualité de l'information délivrée aux personnes qui se prêtent aux recherches biomédicales." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P049.
Повний текст джерелаDa, silva Simon. "Diffusion Vidéo avec une Meilleure Qualité d'Expérience et Respectant la Vie Privée." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0140.
Повний текст джерелаVideo streaming is expected to exceed 82% of all Internet traffic in 2022.There are two reasons for this success: the multiplication of video sources and the pervasiveness of high quality Internet connections.Dominating video streaming platforms rely on large-scale infrastructures to cope with an increasing demand for high quality of experience and high-bitrate content.However, the usage of video streaming platforms generates sensitive personal data (the history of watched videos), which leads to major threats to privacy.Hiding the interests of users from servers and edge-assisting devices is necessary for a new generation of privacy-preserving streaming services.This thesis aims at proposing a new approach for multiple-source live adaptive streaming by delivering video content with a high quality of experience to its users (low start-up delay, stable high-quality stream, no playback interruptions) while enabling privacy preservation (leveraging trusted execution environments)
Minchella, Davide. "La protection des produits agroalimentaires bénéficiant d'une appelation d'origine ou d'une indication géographique : le régime européen entre défis globaux et politique de qualité." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA4013.
Повний текст джерелаThe research aims to realize an analysis on the legal protection afforded to the PDOs (protected designations of origin) and to the PGIs (protected geographical indications) in the European Union, taking into account the global challenges and the international obligations which the EU is deemed to respect. The research is composed by two chapters, both structured into two sections. The first one concerns the international legal framework on GIs. The second section focuses on the WTO panel’s report relating to Geographical Indications case, dispute which opposed the European Community to the USA and the Australia with regard to the supposed non-compliance with the labelling system laid down by the EC regulation 2081/92 by the TRIPs Agreement’s rules. The chapter two analyzes the community legislation for the protection of the protected designations of origin and the protected geographical indications. The scope of the regulation 510/06 has been taken into account. The final section concerns the problems and the legal paradigms posed by the application for a PDO or a PGI
Silva, Monica Paraguassu Correia da. "Terre, foyer de l'humanité : le mouvement de construction de la politique criminelle de protection de l'environnement et de la qualité de vie : une étude comparative (France et États-Unis)." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010333.
Повний текст джерелаFéral, François. "L'État et les fraudes commerciales." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON10034.
Повний текст джерелаCommercial fraud to be linked to merchant societies but their social and judicial system is as varied as complex. Having put an end to corporative bodies, the state administration is directly engaged in the repression of fraud at the beginning of the twentieth century. These penal institutions still constitute today the essential legal basis of its intervention. Progressively, one can notice a modernisation and an improvement of this control through a multiplication of administrative procedures. European authorities reinforce this phenomenon by extending and intensifying the control of authorities on the market
Bomgni, Alain Bertrand. "Qualité de services dans les protocoles de multicast géographique et de routage par permutation dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Amiens, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AMIE0100.
Повний текст джерелаA wireless sensors network (WSN for short) can be represented as a graph, tree, or other structures. The structure is more or less important depending on the problem that we will deal with and the respect of constraints on WSNs. In fact, in WSNs, security and economy of energy are two important and necessary aspects to consider. Particularly, security helps to ensure that such a network is not subject to attacks that involve reading, modification or destruction of information while economy of energy prolong the network life as the energy supply for sensor nodes is usually extremely limited, non-rechargeable and non-replaceable. In this work, we are interested in two problems : the permutation routing problem on multi-hop WSN and the problem of geocasting. A large variety of permutation routing protocols in a single-hop Network are known in the literature. Since they are single hop, there is always a wireless link connecting two nodes. One way to solve this problem in a multiple hop environment is to partition nodes into clusters, where a node in each cluster called clusterhead is responsible for the routing service. We first propose a hybrid clustering mechanism to perform permutation routing in multi-hop ad hoc Networks. Simulation results show that our algorithm performs better than the naive multiple gossiping. Next, we derive a new protocol that performs with less number of broadcast rounds compared to the one above. Finally, we present a protocol for permutation routing, which is secure, fault tolerant and energy-efficient. The proposed protocol is based on two main principles. First, the use of a heterogeneous hierarchical clustered structure to assign the most important roles to the sensors having the most energy, in order to ensure the protection and routing of data items. Second, the use of multiple processes based on this structure to ensure, regardless of network and sensors status, no data is lost and that a data item from a point A to a point B always arrives safety. In the other hand, Geocasting or Multi-Geocasting in wireless sensor network is the delivery of packets from a source (or sink) to all the nodes located in one or several geographic areas. The objectives of a geocasting (multi-geocasting) protocol are the guarantee of message delivery and low transmission cost. The existing protocols which guarantee delivery run on network in which each node has an ID beforhand. They either are valid only in dense networks or must derive a planar graph from the network topology. Hence the nodes may be adaptated in order to carry out huge operations to make the network planar. In our first solution which does not need node to have such capacity, we consider anonymous networks and derive geocast and multi-geocast algorithms that guarantee delivery and that need less gaps or obstacles and dense networks. In our second solution, we add energy-efficient issues. Effectively, we propose an energy-efficient geocast algorithm for wireless sensor networks with guaranteed delivery of packets from the sink to all nodes located in several geocast regions
Pirard, Florence. "Cultures de la qualité des services et cultures de l'accompagnement dans le secteur de l'éducation des jeunes enfants : essai de théorisation." Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA131011.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis appears to be an attempt of theorizing conceptions about quality and accompaniement in early childhood education. These conceptions are approached through the prism of cultures which shows the specific feature of the “constructed” object. Inspired by grounded theory methods, the thesis develops two complementary approaches : first, it diachronicly explores different uses of quality in international early childhood education research and the reference to accompaniment present in recent issues of education sciences. This part leads to a first theorisation essay. Next, the same object is analysed through debates emerging in education systems settled by the searcher. The process tries to advance that implication is one of the possible ways to produce knowledge. The comparison of analysis results based on the two approaches leads to a theorisation essay. This essay is supposed to make the subject matter intelligible
Moura, Rocha Luiene. "Validation of stress indicators for the assessment of animal welfare and prediction of pork meat quality variation at commercial level." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26811.
Повний текст джерелаThe majority of meat quality defects are directly related to the preslaughter procedures as it results from the variation of the physiological state of pigs before slaughter, as indicated by changes in body temperature, lactate levels, glycogen reserves, among others. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to validate tools that could be useful as stress indicators at the farm and at the slaughter plant for animal welfare monitoring and pork quality variation prediction at the commercial level. The results highlighted that the hand-held scout analyzer is capable of measuring blood lactate levels variation associated with the physiological condition of pigs in the peri-mortem phase and may help explain the variation in pork quality, especially in the ham muscles. Likewise, results of the animal welfare audits showed that the quality of the raising system at the farm of origin and the truck driver skills are important sources of variation in the behavioural response of pigs to preslaughter handling. Additionally, on-farm housing conditions (ease of movement), and preslaughter pig behaviour (slips) and handler interventions (electric prod use) during handling in the stunning chute area at the plant as assessed by the audit protocols used in this study, showed to contribute to pork quality variation. Finally, the infrared thermography proved to be a promising technology to assess body temperature variation after physical stress, especially when this measure is taken behind the ears. Overall, the three techniques validated in this thesis represent useful methodologies to complement other techniques in the assessment of animal welfare conditions (e.g. animal behaviour, physiological indicators, etc.) in relation to stress. Being non-invasive and rapid these procedures may be applied to monitor animal welfare prio to slaughter and reduce the incidence of pork quality defects.
Grout, Olivier. "Conception d'un système de management de l'environnement basé sur les normes ISO 14000 au sein de l'industrie pharmaceutique." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P004.
Повний текст джерелаCyr-Gagnon, Julia. "Développement d'une méthodologie afin d'intégrer et de valoriser l'information spatio-temporelle sur la qualité de l'eau à l'échelle d'un bassin versant : un exemple d'application à la protection des sources d'eau potable." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27747.
Повний текст джерелаSharrock, Rémi. "Gestion autonomique de performance, d'énergie et de qualité de service : Application aux réseaux filaires, réseaux de capteurs et grilles de calcul." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/11717/1/sharrock.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOuvrard, Benjamin. "Les nudges dans la régulation environnementale : alternative ou complément aux instruments monétaires ?" Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAB011/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we propose to mode! individuals' reaction to a nudge, based on the announcement of the socially optimal contribution. We want to compare the efficiency of this incentive, with the efficiency of a tax to improve environmental quality. We test the theoretical predictions we obtained in a laboratory experiment. We show that the reaction to our nudge depends on subjects' environmental sensitivity, contrary to the tax. ln a second experiment, we test the existence of persistent effects of these two instruments in the long term. We also consider a mix tool (tax and nudge), to raise subjects' awareness (with the nudge) that they are taxed because their behaviour is not optimal. ln the last chapter, we extend our analysis considering agents arranged in fixed networks. We analyze how the equilibria are shaped under the implementation of our nudge
Borde, Alexandre. "L'information à l'appui des politiques environnementales : des principes théoriques aux modalités de mise en oeuvre." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS001S.
Повний текст джерелаEnvironmental policies are traditionally based on two sets of tools : command and control regulations and economic or market instruments. More and more, information is also considered as an incentive mechanism, and information-based environmental policies are the object of growing interest. The directive on public access to environmental information, or the development of environmental management systems are the expression of this tendency. Under certain conditions, information allows to change behaviours towards a better environmental protection. We examine the conditions and make a distinction between awareness policies from the part of the public authorities, and firms disclosure strategies. Mandatory or voluntary, environmental information needs to be structured, evaluated, validated in order to be persuasive. Finally, we analyse the French environmental information system and evaluate the air monitoring expenditures. In this environmental field, more than in any other, information disclosure is effective and widely broadcasted
Guinebretière, Maryse. "Comment aménager les cages de poules pondeuses afin d'enrichir leur comportement, tout en préservant les performances zootechniques et l'hygiène de la cage : étude focalisée sur la taille de groupe et les solutions pour aménager l'aire de grattage et le nid." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4002/document.
Повний текст джерелаHow to set up laying hen cages to enrich hen behavior whilst ensuring zootechnical performance and cage hygiene. A study focusing on group size and solutions to provide pecking and scratching area and nest. As of 2012, cages must enable hens to express their full behavioral repertoire (directive 1999/74/CE). Difficulties in setting up cages tend to hinder adoption of the directive by farmers. The aim of this work was: first, to study the effect of increasing the number of hens per cage ; and second, to find out which cage set-ups were the most efficient for enriching the laying hens’ behavioral repertoire whilst also ensuring zootechnical performance, animal health and egg and cage hygiene. In the cage models we tested, 60-hen cages were found to be preferable to 20- or 40-hen cages. Although not ideal, artificial turf mat was preferable to the other mats tested. The provision of friable substrate in cages improved pecking and scratching behaviors, as well as dustbathing behaviors, but to a lesser extent. Wheat bran can be spread over the cage floors as a friable substrate instead of feed. However, certain issues have not yet been resolved. The installation of hard panels on the floors of the cages to promote scratching and pecking behaviors should ensure an optimal balance between the hens’ needs and farming constraints
Gravel, Christian. "Impact des pressions agricoles sur la qualité de l'eau des réseaux d'aqueducs municipaux du Québec alimentés en eau souterraine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23654/23654.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBarry, Thierno Souleymane. "La protection des droits de l'enfant face au travail : la nécessité d'un changement de perspective par l'extension du concept de travail décent et l'application de l'approche basée sur les droits de la personne." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25728.
Повний текст джерелаSharrock, Remi. "Gestion autonomique de performance, d'énergie et de qualité de service. Application aux réseaux filaires, réseaux de capteurs et grilles de calcul." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00578735.
Повний текст джерелаBen, Messaoud Rim. "Towards efficient mobile crowdsensing assignment and uploading schemes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1031/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe ubiquity of sensors-equipped mobile devices has enabled people to contribute data via crowdsensing systems. This emergent paradigm comes with various applications. However, new challenges arise given users involvement in data collection process. In this context, we introduce collaborative sensing schemes which tackle four main questions: How to assign sensing tasks to maximize data quality with energy-awareness? How to minimize the processing time of sensing tasks? How to motivate users to dedicate part of their resources to the crowdsensing process ? and How to protect participants privacy and not impact data utility when reporting collected sensory data ? First, we focus on the fact that smart devices are energy-constrained and develop task assignment methods that aim to maximize sensor data quality while minimizing the overall energy consumption of the data harvesting process. The resulting contribution materialized as a Quality and Energy-aware Mobile Sensing Scheme (QEMSS) defines first data quality metrics then models and solves the corresponding optimization problem using a Tabu-Search based heuristic. Moreover, we assess the fairness of the resulted scheduling by introducing F-QEMSS variant. Through extensive simulations, we show that both solutions have achieved competitive data quality levels when compared to concurrent methods especially in situations where the process is facing low dense sensing areas and resources shortcomings. As a second contribution, we propose to distribute the assignment process among participants to minimize the average sensing time and processing overload com- pared to a fully centralized approach. Thus, we suggest to designate some participants to carry extra sensing tasks and delegate them to appropriate neighbors. The new assign- ment is based on predicting users local mobility and sensing preferences. Accordingly, we develop two new greedy-based assignment schemes, one only Mobility-aware (MATA) and the other one accounting for both preferences and mobility (P-MATA), and evaluate their performances. Both MATA and P-MATA consider a voluntary sensing process and show that accounting for users preferences minimize the sensing time. Having showing that, our third contribution in this thesis is conceived as an Incentives-based variant, IP-MATA+. IP-MATA+ incorporates rewards in the users choice model and proves their positive impact on enhancing their commitment especially when the dedicated budget is shared function of contributed data quality. Finally, our fourth and last contribution addresses the seizing of users privacy concerns within crowdsensing systems. More specifically, we study the minimization of the incurred privacy leakage in data uploading phase while accounting for the possible quality regression. That is, we assess simultaneously the two competing goals of ensuring queriers required data utility and protecting participants’ sensitive information. Thus, we introduce a trust entity to the crowdsensing traditional system. This entity runs a general privacy-preserving mechanism to release a distorted version of sensed data that responds to a privacy-utility trade-off. The proposed mechanism, called PRUM, is evaluated on three sensing datasets, different adversary models and two main data uploading scenarios. Results show that a limited distortion on collected data may ensure privacy while maintaining about 98% of the required utility level.The four contributions of this thesis tackle competing issues in crowdsensing which paves the way at facilitating its real implementation and aims at broader deployment
Pekovic, Sanja. "Les déterminants et les effets des normes de qualité et d’environnement : analyses microéconométriques à partir de données françaises d’entreprises et de salariés." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST3007/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe scope and magnitude of changes occurring in business today has led to great interest in and widespread adoption of Quality and Environmental Management approaches. However, despite their prevalence, efforts at understanding the motives for their adoption, as well as their effects on firm and employee outcomes, are still in their infancy. This PhD dissertation provides useful theoretical and empirical contributions to three research topics dealing with Quality and Environmental Management approaches in the French institutional framework: (1) the determinants of their adoption, (2) their impact on firm outcomes and (3) their impact on employee outcomes. These three aspects make up the three parts of this PhD thesis.In part I, we define and characterise quality and environmental approaches with a special focus on ISO 9000 Quality Management standards and ISO 14000 Environmental Management standards. Furthermore, we empirically examine the determinants of quality and environmental standards adoption. Our findings reveal that the determinants of quality standards significantly differ between manufacturing and service firms, particularly when we examine features of the internal strategy of those firms (quality improvement, cost reduction and innovation). However, we have also obtained evidence which indicates that the characteristics of firms (firm size, corporate status and previous experience with similar standards) and features of their external strategy (export levels and customer satisfaction) play a significant role in quality standards adoption across both the manufacturing and service sectors. Moreover, we empirically investigate the determinants of chemical firms' registration for the ISO 14001 standard or the Responsible Care program. We show that most determinants are different for the two systems analysed: while firm size, previous experience with similar standards, information disclosure requirements and customer location are major determinants of ISO 14001 standard registration, regulatory pressure, past environmental problems and future risks are the main drivers of Responsible Care registration.In part II, we empirically investigate whether quality and environmental standards are related to better firm performance using various sets of performance measures. The evidence indicates that quality standards positively influence turnover and specific indicators of innovation performance and productivity, but have no impact on profit and some other innovation performance measures. Based on our empirical findings, we conclude that while environmental standards improve turnover and recruitment of both professional and non professional employees, they have no effect on profit. Moreover, the research shows that implementing both quality and environmental standards is likely to better enhance firm outcomes than implementing only one standard.Part III is focused on the effect of quality and environmental standards on employee outcomes. The estimation results show that quality standards increase the risk of employee accidents although more specifically they are ineffective on working accidents that lead to sick leave. On the other hand, our results lead to the conclusion that environmental standards add significantly to the enhancement of working conditions, via the reduction of accidents. Furthermore, the obtained evidence shows that environmental standards seem to improve employee well-being. More precisely, employees working for firms that are certified for an environmental standard report greater feelings of usefulness about their job and declare that they are more often fairly valued in their jobs. The evidence also shows that employees working for environmentally certified firms do not claim to be significantly more involved in their job but they are more likely, ceteris paribus, to work uncompensated for sup plementary work hours than “non green workers”
Ganne, Claire. "Le devenir des enfants accueillis en centre maternel : approche écologique du parcours et de la qualité de vie des enfants sept ans après la sortie d'un hébergement mère-enfant." Phd thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923314.
Повний текст джерелаDelor, Pierre. "Les services à domicile pour les personnes âgées et les personnes handicapées : solvabilisation de l’accès aux services et protection des bénéficiaires." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL20004/document.
Повний текст джерелаSince fifty years the social action for the elderly and disabled persons has been built by successive stacks of legislation and regulations without desire for harmonization and consistency.Home services created in the last twenty years are no exception to this trend, whether towards children and adults with disabilities and the elderly, health or medico-social.This thesis is the state that exists by searching how recipient users have access to services through their own financial resources, through public funding or through national solidarity. Proposals for simplification of the devices, to ensure consistency between them are made to allow wider access.The search for the protection of beneficiaries is present, especially in the study of processes of professionalization, through training or professional organization of the sector. Proposals are made there. The protection of beneficiaries is also studied in terms of existing legal frameworks, where it seems necessary to make it stronger. Finally to expand the support for family caregivers, an essential pillar of taking into account the dependence of the elderly and disabled persons, we have to change the current law