Дисертації з теми "Qualité de la régulation"
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Curtil, Denis. "Régulation de la qualité d'impression en offset : identification et régulation du mouillage." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0113.
Повний текст джерелаAttal-Valière, Martine. "Régulation de l'équipement lourd et démarche qualité." Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090068.
Повний текст джерелаThe different ways of diffusing imaging technologies didn't always occur following identical models. As far as the conventional radiology and ultrasound were concerned, the diffusion was done in a free and competitive manner. Through on the contrary, for material called "expensive health technologies (EHT)" represented by computed tomography, MRI and digitalized radiology, the public authorities have established a form of administrative regulation, related to a specific plan: a sanitary card. Within the frame of this sanitary card, the use of EHT, is subjected to ministerial and prefectural authorization. This planification is based on machine indexes the number of inhabitants, purely quantitative indexes. It has limited the number of machines installed, the object being to limit the number of exams practiced and therefore health expenses. Modern enterprises have (for 15 years) installed quality system. They have proved that they were a means of extremely performant management. The quality systems is based both upon the assessment and referential represented by the standards. By this work, we propose to show how the installation of this quality system could permit to improve significantly this type of administrative regulation, basing it on the performance and the quality of organization rather than on purely quantitative information’s, and at the same time, limiting the costs of non-quality in the broad sense and could become a general guarantee of quality health care
Laloum, Bensadon Anne-Carole. "Qualité et régulation du système de santé hospitalier." ENSMP, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENMP0955.
Повний текст джерелаBinet, Emmanuelle. "Contrôle qualité des protéines er régulation par protéolyse et trans-traduction." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112297.
Повний текст джерелаProteolysis is universally involved in degrading abnormal proteins and in regulating numerous processes including some that are essential for cells. Various strategies allow proteases to specifically identify their targets. One of these consists of tagging polypeptide targets with specific signals which are recognized by the proteases. Prokaryotes use the SsrA system that targets for proteolysis polypeptides that are synthesized after a misfunction of the translation process. Through a particular mechanism called trans-translation, this system tags proteins co-translationnally with a peptide, SsrA, recognized by specific proteases. The main character of trans-translation is a small and stable RNA named tmRNA. It is composed of two functional domains responsible for tRNA and mRNA activity. We focused on the signals involved in the recognition of SsrA's targets. We purified and identified endogenous targets of the system. Studying them, we could demonstrate that the trans-translation process is induced when ribosome's stop on top of a sequence that inefficiently signals the end of translation. This type of sequence provokes recoding events such as readthroughs. Trans-translation could prevent synthesis of potentially toxic abnormal proteins produced through an aberrant ending of translation. We also looked for proteins involved in degrading the polypeptides tagged by SsrA. Of the major component involved in degrading cytoplasmic trans-translated proteins, we have shown that the energy-dependent protease ClpXP is probably the only one that can be fully inactivated
Seaayfan, Elie. "Régulation du contrôle de qualité de NKCC2 par les interactions protéine-protéine." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB026.
Повний текст джерелаThe kidney-specific Na + -K + -2C1 co-transporter, sensitive to bumetanide, NKCC2, plays an essential role in the body's fluid, electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis. Mutations of NKCC2 cause antenatal type 1 Bartter syndrome, a life-threatening kidney disease characterized by arterial hypotension associated with electrolyte abnormalities. In contrast, an increase in NKCC2 activity is associated with salt-sensitive hypertension. Yet the mechanisms underlying the regulation of NKCC2 trafficking in renal cells are scarcely known. The aim of this work was to identify the protein partners involved in the regulation of the expression and the intracellular trafficking of NKCC2, specifically in the quality control of this co-transporter. Using the yeast tow-hybrid system, we identified OS-9 as a specific binding partner of NKCC2. Lectin OS-9 is a key factor in the regulation of protein quality control at ER. Co-immunoprecipitation assay in renal cells showed that OS-9 interacts mainly with NKCC2 immature forms. Accordingly, immunocytochemistry analysis showed co-localization of the proteins mainly in the ER. Overexpression of OS-9 decreased the total abundance of NKCC2. This effect is abolished following the inhibition of the proteasome protein degradation pathway by MG132. In addition, the pulse-chase and cycloheximide-chase assays demonstrated that the marked reduction in the co-transporter protein levels was essentially due to increased protein degradation of NKCC2 immature forms. Conversely, knock-down endogenous of OS-9 increased the expression of the co-transporter by increasing the stability of its immature form. Finally, inactivation of the Mannose 6-phosphate Receptor Homology domain had no effect on its action on NKCC2, while mutation of the two NKCC2 N-glycosylation sites abolished the effect of OS- 9. In summary, our results demonstrate the involvement of lectin OS-9 in the ERAD of NKCC2. The second part of this work focused on the identification of new molecular mechanisms involved in Bartter Syndrome. We found that MAGE-D2 mutations caused X-linked new and severe form of antenatal Bartter's syndrome, characterized by a very early polyhydramnios with a high risk of premature delivery and mortality. We have shown that MAGE-D2 abnormalities lead to a lack of maturation and membrane expression of NKCC2 as well as that of the Na-Cl co-transporter, NCC, of the distal tubule. In vitro comparison of the wild-type and mutated MAGED2 interactome revealed that wild-type MAGE-D2 interacts specifically with DNAJB1 (HSP40) and / or GNAS, suggesting involvement of these two protein partners in NKCC2 and NCC regulation by MAGE-D2 during pregnancy. The third part of this work focused on the study of the effect of DNAJB1 / HSP40, partner of MAGE-D2, on the expression of NKCC2. HSP40 was also identified as a specific binding partner of NKCC2 by the yeast two-hybrid system realized by our team. We have shown that HSP40 and its co-chaperone HSPA1A (HSP70) interact with the immature form of NKCC2 at the ER. The co-expression of HSP40 and HSP70 increased the expression of NKCC2 by increasing its stability and maturation. In addition, these two co-chaperones regulate the expression of NCC in the same way. These findings suggest that MAGE-D2 cooperates with DNAJB1 / HSP40 and HSPA1A / HSP70 to protect NKCC2 and NCC against retention and degradation of NKCC2 at ER during pregnancy, revealing a new pathway for regulating NKCC2 and NCC intracellular trafficking. A better understanding of NKCC2 and NCC regulatory pathways would help to better understand the pathophysiology of sodium retention and ultimately would provide a new target for a pharmaceutical approach to preventing and / or treating kidney disease related to sodium balance
Deschamps, David. "Régulation d'une ligne d'étamage électrolytique." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-460.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаEl, Mankibi Mohamed. "Développement et évaluation numérique et expérimentale de stratégies de régulation de la ventilation hybride." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAL0034.
Повний текст джерелаWhereas in the past, ventilation was automatically linked to indoor air quality control, there is nowadays more interest in ventilation as an energy efficient strategy to achieve thermal comfort in summer. To reach these targets and manage hybrid ventilation systems, advanced control strategies are therefore needed. In this study, we aim to develop and to assess several architectures of controllers for hybrid ventilation numerically and experimentally. In order to carry out a choice of control parameters and evaluation techniques, we first make a review of thermal comfort, indoor air quality and control principles. Then, we present the numerical tool (HYBCELL1. 0) and the experimental device (HYBCELL test cell) conceived in order to develop and to assess architectures of controller for hybrid ventilation. As a first approach, simple control strategies are tested using a fictive building. More complex control strategies based on logical and hierarchical fuzzy controllers are then developed. To allow an objective evaluation of the controllers using comfort, indoor air quality, energy and stability creterias, two fitness functions were used. The relative performances of developped architectures are then studied using a sensitivity study. Finaly, the results of an experimental evaluation of the developed controllers under winter climat are presented
Ouvrard, Benjamin. "Les nudges dans la régulation environnementale : alternative ou complément aux instruments monétaires ?" Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAB011/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we propose to mode! individuals' reaction to a nudge, based on the announcement of the socially optimal contribution. We want to compare the efficiency of this incentive, with the efficiency of a tax to improve environmental quality. We test the theoretical predictions we obtained in a laboratory experiment. We show that the reaction to our nudge depends on subjects' environmental sensitivity, contrary to the tax. ln a second experiment, we test the existence of persistent effects of these two instruments in the long term. We also consider a mix tool (tax and nudge), to raise subjects' awareness (with the nudge) that they are taxed because their behaviour is not optimal. ln the last chapter, we extend our analysis considering agents arranged in fixed networks. We analyze how the equilibria are shaped under the implementation of our nudge
Castets, Marie-Dorothée. "Fonction de reproduction et régulation de la qualité chez la perche commune, Perca fluviatilis." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL082N/document.
Повний текст джерелаImproving fish reproduction in breeding conditions implies to understand intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing gametes quality on the one hand and to define relevant parameters allowing the prediction of fish reproductive performance on the other hand. Our goal was thus to understand the multifactorial determinism of the common perch (Perca fluviatilis) reproduction. Four nutritional factors (type of food and rate of rationing used either during the induction or vernalization phases) and 3 populational factors (initial weight, geographic origin and domestication level of breeders) have been tested. Data show different responses between females and males. type of food during wintering phase and initial broodstock weigh modified female condition. Males have been sensitive to rationing during wintering phase as well as geographical origin. Data show also that spawning rate was under the influence of interaction between kind of food during wintering phase and induction whereas geographical origin modulated the spawning date. The regulation of the performance reproduction is also a complex mechanism influenced by several factors. The second part of this work consisted on the research of parameters potentially predictive of ova quality. Firstly, our work shows that morphometric parameters measured before the fertilization are poorly relevant to predict reproductive performance. However, the proteomic analysis of several spawn allowed us to highlight proteins differently expressed according to the spawn quality, such proteins could be ova quality biomarkers
Reverdy, Thomas. "L'invention du management environnemental : extension de la qualité industrielle et régulation négociée de l'environnement." Phd thesis, Grenoble 2, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134703.
Повний текст джерелаEttounassi, Rahal. "Contrôle et régulation de l'information financière des entreprises marocaines faisant appel public à l'épargne (APE) : le rôle communicationnel de l'auditeur externe." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30093.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis analyzes the perspectives for Moroccan companies making public offerings to improve the quality of financial information disseminated to users. An examination of the role of external auditor (auditor and auditor contract) is one of those perspectives. This is to control the characteristics of this information and its process of construction and dissemination. The production of financial information is then used in an approach to mobilizing quality control tools and actions of regulatory processes. Considered crucial to the decision making of business partners, financial information is the object of exchange between them and leaders. The strategic nature may be the cause of the appearance of conflicts between the two parties. Dissemination of transparent information and produced in accordance with the rules is one of the mechanisms to stabilize exchange systems. As recipients of the information, its quality is supposed to be built in terms thereof. Since quality is the result of two different "visions", it is similar to a compromise involving many social actors concerned. Thus, control and construction quality are viewed through an institutional approach. Through its audits and certification, external audit is one of the “figures” with an institutional role to play in the construction and dissemination of financial information quality. Adapt the mission control and involve the external auditor in the process of construction quality as regulator-mediators are many perspectives to consider
Changuel, Nesrine. "Régulation de la qualité lors de la transmission de contenus vidéo sur des canaux sans fils." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00659806.
Повний текст джерелаDestandau, François. "Régulation de la pollution de l'eau par une redevance spatialisée." Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40050.
Повний текст джерелаHalhol, Abdelhafid. "Efficacité de la norme dans la régulation économique des pratiques médicales." Paris 9, 2010. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090035.
Повний текст джерелаMuret, Arnaud. "La qualité en recherche : la construction d'une norme Française." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001249.
Повний текст джерелаBarlet, Christophe. "Place et rôle de l’inspection-contrôle dans le champ des établissements et services sanitaires, sociaux et médico-sociaux." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1G007.
Повний текст джерелаInspection-control has undergone several changes that question its place and role, particularly in the scope of this study. The multiplicity of actors and inspection-control procedures makes it complex to understand and questions the legal nature and legal regime applicable to the different types of controls. Furthermore, inspection and control now appears to be called into question by the standardization of professional practices and new approaches to support and continuously improve quality in the establishments and services in the field under study. These approaches, devolved to public authorities or private organizations, take the form of certification of health care institutions, accreditation of professionals in health care, evaluation of social and medico-social institutions and services, or auditing. They are largely based on licensing and contractualization law. It is thus necessary to investigate whether a good activity of the State is only rule-making or also regulation, whether control has changed in nature, whether it has diversified or whether it has regressed to the benefit of other, more flexible activities under the influence of competition law, Community law and the State's budgetary situation. The question of the legality of inspection as a particular control and its articulation with quality approaches guide this research
Fabre, Clément. "Rôle des zones humides alluviales dans la régulation des flux de nitrates et de carbone organique vers les eaux de surface à l'échelle des bassins versants." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0145.
Повний текст джерелаNitrate pollution in surface waters under anthropogenic pressures such as the intensification of the agriculture and the urban and industrial discharges is still a main concern at global scale. Denitrification is the only one process able to remove nitrate from the system. This process is mainly happening in wetlands and induces a reduction of the nitrate concentration to the rivers and coming from agricultural lands. For its functioning, the denitrification process needs organic carbon which partly comes from in-situ organic carbon in soils or in field produced organic matter but also from the river. Alluvial wetlands are really efficient concerning denitrification. The latter fluctuates in time according to the hydrological cycle and to the availability of organic carbon and nitrate. While the process in alluvial wetlands is known and detailed for a long time, the impact of organic carbon availability on nitrate fluxes exported to the oceans at the watershed scale is difficult to estimate as it is highly variable in time and space. Better understanding and estimations of the alluvial wetlands denitrification role at daily time step are required to highlight its main effect on the regulation of nitrate fluxes at the watershed scale. In this way, the objectives of this work are 1) to better understand and estimate the fluxes of organic carbon flowing in rivers at a daily time step, as it is a main reagent in the denitrification process, 2) to estimate the denitrification role in alluvial wetlands on different contrasted watersheds regarding the availability of organic carbon and nitrate, 3) to look towards a generalization of the proposed methods in order to quantify the nitrate fluxes going to the oceans at global scale and the role of the alluvial wetlands on them. Using scarce data from various databases, we have pointed out simple equations allowing the simulations of organic carbon exported by rivers to the oceans. Then, with a model integrating exchanges between the river and the aquifer, adapted from SWAT and with remote sensing data, we have focused on the interactions of nitrogen and organic carbon cycles in alluvial wetlands by denitrification on three contrasted watersheds: the Amazon River for tropical areas, the Garonne River for temperate basins and the Yenisei River for cold zones. This work demonstrates the heterogeneity of denitrification in these three watersheds. We have estimated that the denitrification in alluvial wetlands raises 73.0 ± 6.2 kgN.ha-1.yr-1 for the Amazon River, 4.5 ± 1.4 kgN.ha-1.yr-1 for the Garonne River and 0.7 ± 0.2 kgN.ha-1.yr-1 for the Yenisei River. Hence, we have shown that watersheds with different pedo-climatic conditions or anthropogenic pressures return different denitrification rates due to temperature or to reagents availability. Finally, to generalize this method at global scale, we have proposed an approach to predict nitrate fluxes transported by rivers with a simple equation and easy-to-obtain environmental parameters
Ginestet, Stéphane. "Simulation dynamique des systèmes de climatisation : application aux régulations innovantes de centrales de traitement d'air." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1306.
Повний текст джерелаAdvanced management of indoor air quality and energy consumption in HVAC systems required an adapted control and a cheking of the preformances. The physical modelling of the equipments makes it possible a resolution of the problems under a formulation borrowed from the automatism. Based on systemic analysis, a methodology is implemented by means of a graphic software, including finite state machine programming. A strategy of management is thus defined for dessiccant cooling systems. The methods of parameter settings of the continuous regulators are analysed. More relevant are applied in simulation to VAV systems. Using the developed software, the guarantee of the performances of these systems with VAV is quantified:- from the point of view of the implementation of these systems vs constant air flow- by the evaluation of the impact of faults resolution. Results obtained are confronted with an experimetal campain
Dhouibi, Hedi. "Utilisation des réseaux de Petri à intervalles pour la régulation d'une qualité : application à une manufacture de tabac." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Dhouibi.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIn the first part of this work, a new modeling tool - Interval Constrained Petri Nets (ICPN) - is introduced to allow us specify, validate and evaluate the performance of the production systems integrating constraints of validity intervals. In a first step, the applicative contribution of this new model in comparison with the methods and tools being used is presented. This applicative contribution is limited to regulation of local control for workshops in a repetitive functioning mode. After that, the extension of some structural properties of P-time Petri Nets of this new tool on non temporal constraints is studied. Part tow of this work develops an applicative validation on a tobacco manufacturing. A systematic methodology based on production data is proposed to construct the model Interval Constrained Petri Nets. This new model used to calculate a setting taking into account robustness specifications. Then, a reactive control is proposed in order to take into account drifts in the process. The control law thus obtained is validated using a second set of production data. The present work therefore introduces a new modeling tool whose pertinence is proved, at least of this type of application. However, the functional abstraction of this tool opens fields of application that have yet to be explored
Clain, Anthony. "L’incertitude au travail : comment la réguler par le leadership dans l’optique d’améliorer la qualité de vie au travail ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UBFCH035.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis manuscript focuses on factors able to regulate the uncertainty of people at work. Due to the constant evolution of the organizational world, uncertainty is increasingly becoming a factor with which to combine in different contexts about work. This factor constitutes a risk for individuals due to its aversive nature. In this perspective we have been interested, on the one hand, about theories concerning the concept of uncertainty. This allowed us to better understand and delimit the concept. On the other hand, we looked for ways to regulate uncertainty through the concept of leadership. This led us to consider this regulation as being either potentially possible through a directive form of leadership or, on the contrary, through a participative form of leadership. After having supported these two avenues, we set ourselves three objectives: to identify which form of leadership is the most likely to regulate uncertainty; to verify whether this form of leadership can contribute to the psychological well-being of the individual; and finally, to uncover the mechanisms inherent to this form of leadership that allow us to understand the means by which this regulation takes place. These objectives guided a set of seven studies. The first three studies allowed us to answer our first two objectives. The results of these studies indicated that, overall, participative leadership contributed to the regulation of uncertainty, which in turn contributed to a set of positive factors linked to the psychological well-being of employees, or job seekers. Three other studies were launched, this time to address our third objective. Each study focused on one aspect of participative leadership that we identified as factors. However, although we obtained some interesting results, we did not consider this objective achieved. Therefore, we launched a final study to address the limitations of the previous ones that we identified. This last study allowed us to answer our third objective, and to make clearer the mechanisms related to the regulation of uncertainty. The theoretical, methodological and of course practical contributions are discussed in the discussion section. The conclusion that we can bring to this discussion, and to this research work more broadly, is that the regulation of uncertainty is not an individual process, but rather requires an effort put in place by organizations. In our view, an organization can be evaluated through three criteria of importance for the regulation of uncertainty: the individual's affiliation to a relational network, the sharing of information, and the projection into the future. These are the three avenues by which we believe this work could be pursued
Cordeiro, Clericy Aquilès. "Prix, qualité et incertitude : la régulation par le marché et les institutions de la filière viande bovine en Uruguay." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20019.
Повний текст джерелаIn Uruguay, the study of several aspects of the beef industry led us to analyze the flow of information and goods between cattle growers and exporting slaughter-houses (frigoríficos). In the case of a thriving market process, frigoríficos purposely feed incertitude through the pricing system, using a variety of means, especially in buying according to live animal weight, whereas each animal's value is set by the slaughtered animal weight. Such conditions lead Institutions to a specific failure which we'll call "concealed" failure or of "2nd order" as opposed to "1st order" conventional failure studied by Akerlof (1970, Stiglitz (1987) and Orléan (1991)
Boussoualem, Mourad. "Contribution à l'optimisation de la qualité de régulation lumineuse de films composites : études physicochimiques aux interfaces matrices-fluides complexes." Littoral, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DUNK0127.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is devoted to the study of the relationship existing between the structural properties and the elctro-optical behaviour of liquid crystal/polymer dispersions. In particular, the physical parameters influencing the electrical and electrooptical characteristics are investigated. Polarization field effect, confinement (surface/volume ratio) effect, and anchoring conditions at the polymer/liquid crystal interface are studied. First, thermophysical, optical and electrical properties of a model system are investigated. This system consists in a perfectly characterized polymer (monodisperse polystyrene (PS)) and a nematic liquid crystal (5CB). Calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM) were used to establish the phase diagram which exhibits a upper critical solution temperature (USCT) shape with a wide immiscibility gap (Isotropic-Isotropic). Broadband dielectric spectroscopy experiments have been carried showing that a relaxation mechanism exists at low frequency. This mechanism is closely related to the heterogeneous morphology of the sample. The correlationbetween the dielectric and electro-optical studies showed that in the vicinity of the low frequency absorption domain a drastic decrease in the optical transmittance occurs. This phenomenon can be related to an interfacial polarisation process (Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars effect (MWS)) resulting from a charge accumulation at the droplet-polymer interface. Second, the influence of confinement on the order parameter of the confined liquid crystal phase and polarisation field effects have been investigated on PS/8CB mixtures. DSC measurements allowed to estimate the phase-separated liquid crystal (8CB) fraction, which was found in the range of 55 % for both micron-size and submicron-size droplets. X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments showed that smectic 8CB confined to micron-size cavities adopt bulk-like properties, i. E. , a partial bilayer structure, whereas in submicron-size droplets the layer spacing of the smectic phase is increased due to the strong bending deformations inducing by the high curvature of the cavity walls. Third, a comparative study of two structurally close systems showed the ability to impose given anchoring conditions using various lateral substituants for the polymer matrix. Best electro-optical performances were obtained with the system showing a planar anchoring in the droplets. This result was related to faster reorientation dynamics of the liquid crystal droplets, in the case of a planar anchoring compared to that of a homeotropic anchoring of the liquid crystal molecules. Finally, "all plastic" display devices were reported combining the mechanical performance of polymer dispersed liquid crystal film and the use of plastic substrates covered with conducting organic electrodes. A low frequency relaxation process was observed corresponding to interfacial polarization process (MWS effect) as well as a relaxation mechanism at high frequency associated with a charge accumulation at the electrode surface
Penalva, Icher Élise. "Réseaux et régulation d'un marché financier "socialement responsable" : en attendant la concurrence." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50377-2007-17.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHess, Jonathan. "Modélisation de la qualité du biogaz produit par un fermenteur méthanogène et stratégie de régulation en vue de sa valorisation." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00257347.
Повний текст джерелаCe lien implique une relation linéaire entre la qualité du biogaz et la concentration en CO2 dissous, qui sert à améliorer les modèles existants. Un indice de risque de déstabilisation du procédé est construit à partir d'une analyse de stabilité d'un modèle simplifié. Cette procédure, appliquée à un procédé pilote, peut détecter une éventuelle déstabilisation du fermenteur, plus tôt que les indicateurs usuels (pH, acides gras volatils). Enfin, nous introduisons une nouvelle stratégie de contrôle de la qualité du biogaz basée sur la régulation de l'alcalinité dans le digesteur. Différentes lois de commande sont proposées et validées expérimentalement sur un réacteur pilote.
Jolivet, Alexia. "La certification à l'épreuve de la communication : figures de la qualité et travail du sens : le cas d'un établissement de santé." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1419/.
Повний текст джерелаIn French health service, the quality issue has been deeply related to the economic control of the public expenditure by the State. Consequently what is at stake is to reconcile health cost decreasing and preservation of quality care practices. In reference to the establishment of total quality management in health service, Ogien (2009) emphasizes the ambivalence of the notion of "quality" which can mean either something that can be measured (quantity) or something that defies any forms of measure (quality). To continue this theory, but by focusing on communicational process more especially, I studied a process of certification in a healthcare organization. I tried to call into question this tension between a quality comprehended in a deontological way, and a quality considered as a tool of management. Our study was composed of two stages. First we focused on the accreditation book and we determinated how the word "quality" was divided into three complementary figures. Subsequently, I tried to understand how medical employees dealt with the process of certification and how the figures of quality were worked. Then the figures of quality were mutually discussed, which generated "organization work" (de Terssac 2002). I postulated this organization work relied on process of translation between a global text of quality (the certification one) and a local one (the organization one) (Taylor et Van Every, 2001). Then I considered the organization work at stake in the communicational process as a work on the malleability of the texts and as a reconfiguration work of figures. I tried to determine the processes of "sensemaking" in the heart of the total quality management as reflexive processes and processes of sense regulation. I analyzed these movements by which medical employees tried to conform to the certification text, to distort it and to reapproriate it
Jarry, Mathias. "Les régulations des démarches de qualité en agro-alimentaire." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT4017.
Повний текст джерелаPublic regulation of the quality in France shows an agricultural specificity. State and private operators work together to elaborate an agricultural policy and the public's rules of a good sell. Operators should follow this rules in order to sell products with a special quality. This national regulation is under the influence of the European Union and World Trade Organisation, which protect the rules of a free market. Both organisation have a different understanding of the agricultural policy's impact. There is no agricultural specificity on the contractual organisation. Technical and economical purposes are dealed with a complex contract, useful in many commercial's sectors. The only specificity is the protection of some farmers, dominated by powerful companies. It appears that this protection is nowadays less protective than the one which concerns the non farmers
Kone, Kisselmina. "Amélioration de la qualité de la tomate séchée par microondes assistés par air chaud avec pilotage de la puissance spécifique." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00771870.
Повний текст джерелаDebril, Thomas. "Qualités des marchandises et préférences des marchands : la régulation des marchés des produits de la mer." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0041.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, the author discusses three different dynamics of commercialization that underline alternative forms of production and consumption in the case of seafood market. First, the dynamic of the supermarket industry and its suppliers is described, concentrating on the nature of their exchanges and their impact on the quality of the product. Next, the opposite dynamics is discussed. The actors of this market are redefining the nature of their exchanges in organizing their relationships to qualify their products. At last but not least, between them, the merchants accept to behave more foreseeably. In this more structured market, transactions rely on long term relationships and quality is stabilized. The author concludes that the seafood market evolution and regulation are directly influenced by the nature of the product and the nature of the merchant relationship
Schreyer, Arnaud. "Régulation électrochimique du potentiel d'oxydoréduction du lait : impact des composantes du lait et effet sur sa résistance à l'oxydation après traitement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24539/24539.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGiudici, Gabriella. "Les mutations de l'internet entre régulation juridique et pratiques de file sharing." Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA131007.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is about the main Internet conflict and maine changes generated by the struggles between file sharing networks and copyright owners. Governance attemps to nullify peer-to-peer networks dramatically change regulation philosophy wherein legislative approach is weakened in favour of technological control. This research is developped as an analysis of juridical and technological debates in U. S. A. , with the goal of represent the developments of both critical theory and norms building as an answer of share practices. Its first part is dedicated to the definition of digital exception, that is Internet birth as a free and non commercial space, and to the foundation of Internet criticism after privatization of infrastructures, that coincide with cyberlaw emergence. Its second part represents critical debate evolution, across legitimation of technological turn of copyright law and incoming of American cyberlaw towards technological approach of «Internet enhancement» and «trusted system» debates. Finally, its third part deals with the judicial and technological history of file sharing networks, in the goal of suggesting a sociological definition of these practises, by compared economics (disruptive tecnology) and anthropological (hi-tech gift economy) interpretations produced by literature about this argument
Bretes, Rodrigues Hugo. "Etude de la régulation du métabolisme des ARN messagers chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112209.
Повний текст джерелаDuring transcription, several factors associate with mRNA to form messenger Ribonucleoparticles (mRNPs), thereby controlling their processing, their stability, and their cytoplasmic fate. To ensure the production of functional proteins from these mRNAs, eukaryotic cells contain numerous regulatory and quality control systems in order to prevent aberrant mRNP accumulation and export.In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, several nuclear pore associated proteins, including the SUMO isopeptidase Ulp1, have been involved in a mRNP quality control regulating their nuclear export. These data suggested that post-translational modification by SUMO of one or several mRNP components could regulate mRNA export. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this process, we undertook several approaches to identify these SUMOylated factors. In particular, we have set up a proteomic screen to identify mRNP components whose assembly onto mRNPs depends on Ulp1 activity.This proteomic survey revealed an Ulp1-dependent regulation of THO complex assembly to mRNPs. This complex, recruited to transcribed genes and mRNPs, is known to regulate transcription elongation by preventing DNA-RNA hybrids formation (termed R-loops), and mRNP export. Through a combination of proteomic analysis of mRNPs assembled in Ulp1 mutant cells, with RNA / chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, we demonstrate that Ulp1 controls specifically the recruitment of the THO complex within mRNPs. SUMOylation analysis further reveals that Ulp1 targets the THO complex subunit Hpr1 on its C-terminal domain for deSUMOylation. We further show that this SUMOylation event regulates THO complex association within mRNPs. Finally, functional analysis reveal that impaired deSUMOylation of the THO complex do not affect mRNP export, but disturbs expression of LacZ reporter genes, a phenotype classically associated with THO complex dysfunction. Intriguingly, the transcriptional effect of inactivation or impaired deSUMOylation of the THO complex on LacZ expression is alleviated by the presence of an intron, providing a molecular basis for previously reported pre-mRNA leakage phenotypes. Our data therefore unravels for the first time a function of SUMO in the control of mRNP assembly contributing to proper mRNP homeostasis
Bournonville, Celine. "Identification de gènes candidats impliqués dans la régulation de la teneur en acide ascorbique chez la tomate : impacts sur le potentiel antioxydant et la qualité post-récolte du fruit." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0039/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe ascorbic acid (AsA) is an essential antioxidant in both plants and humans. Plant-derived AsA is the major source of vitamin C in the human diet. In addition to its effect on tomato nutritional value, increasing tomato AsA content would likely affect postharvest storage and resistance to pathogens of the fruit. While AsA metabolism is well characterized, the mechanisms involved in its regulation remain poorly understood. Recent studies in Arabidopsis leaves indicate that few regulatory proteins can regulate this pathway at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Still nothing equivalent has been described in fruits. In that aim, a forward genetic approach has been carried out to investigate the regulation of AsA in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit. The screening of an EMS tomato mutant population in the miniature cultivar Micro-Tom for identifying mutant lines with AsA-enriched fruits was done. Among the 500 M2 mutant families screened, four mutant lines with higher AsA content ranging from 2.5 to 4 fold were selected. These mutant lines have been characterized for postharvest traits quality and showed promising results. A method based on NGS-mapping allowed the identification of the putative AsA-enriched related gene. Thus, the screening of EMS mutants led to original findings such as the discovery of new unexpected proteins regulating AsA in plants, and particularly in fruits. Our work confirms at the molecular level the direct interaction between light signaling component and the regulation of the AsA biosynthesis pathway
Chistyakova, Maria. "Trois problèmes sur le marché d'un produit vert : évitement fiscal, signal et différenciation verticale." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD039/document.
Повний текст джерелаEnvironmental quality having features of a public good is the subject of the thesis. In a theoretical framework, we study a means of environmental regulation of a polluting firm endowed with market power and then determine the optimal decentralized choice of environmental quality. We start with examining how tax avoidance affects the optimal second-best tax on polluting emissions in a monopoly setting. The firm is owned by shareholders who differ in their cost of tax dodging. The optimal tax should correct two negative externalities of avoidance: the firm's free-riding effect and a tax base erosion effect. This free-riding makes the regulator either impotent or unfair, depending on the severity of the environmental damage and the firm's efficiency. Next, we analyze the impact of an environmental tax on the signaling price strategy of a monopoly that communicates to consumers the unobservable information about firm's highenvironmental performance. We use the intuitive and undefeated criteria of equilibrium selection. Asymmetric information places the optimal second-best tax below the level required under complete information. In the case of undefeated equilibria selection, the tax may induce a "migration" from separating equilibrium to pooling making the firm prefer to conceal the private information about environmental quality. Finally, we show that market choice of environmental quality by a firm that internalizes environmental damage from polluting emissions is yet suboptimal
Cakir, Roxelane. "Les fonctions écologiques de régulation des nitrates au sein des bassins versants : des cours d'eau aux territoires." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30115.
Повний текст джерелаMaintaining good surface water quality within watersheds is a crucial challenge for the society and the proper functioning of aquatic ecosystems. This maintaining is allowed by the water quality regulation service, which is still understudied. A better understanding of this service will help determining the human stressors and the potential protected areas designation. Consequently, this understanding will design an optimal management of the resource. If we take the case of nitrates in watercourses as an indicator of water quality, they are still currently brought in significant quantities from agricultural activities, urban and industrial effluents. The regulation service is provided by ecosystems through natural processes of production, storage and removal. Regulation takes place in both terrestrial and aquatic environments and depends on control factors such as land use and occupation, hydrology, pedology and landscape structure. The use of modelling coupled with observation is thus essential to characterize and quantify the nitrate regulation functions at different organization scales and was the subject of this work. The objectives of this thesis are: (1) quantifying and understanding the spatial and temporal evolution of the ecological functions related to nitrate regulation within the hydrographic network and its watershed area; (2) analyzing the influencing factors on these functions; (3) quantifying the ecological functions with "simple" relationships in order to avoid "complex" modelling; (4) quantifying these ecological functions on the scale of Southwestern Europe in a context of land management and global change. Two scales of spatial organization were addressed: the scale of the water body in the sense of the Water Framework Directive and the scale of the operating system. The methodology was first developed on the Garonne River (50,000 km2) and then applied on the scale of the whole Southwestern Europe (773,000 km2). In this work, we used data from the water agencies throughout Europe, but also scientific data from European projects and specific studies. The results simulated from the SWAT model show that, in the Garonne watershed, nitrate production is on average equal to +1.62 gN.m-2.d-1 and nitrate removal is on average equal to - 1.77 gN.m-2.d-1 within the rivers over the period 2000-2010. These calculations were obtained from modelling on a monthly scale integrating anthropogenic pressures (cities, agriculture, dams). Nitrate removal is more significant during spring and summer in small rivers of alluvial plains, while production is more substantial downstream of large rivers. In the lands, nitrate production in soils is dominant in floodplains, while the in-land removal function is dominant in floodplain forests and wetland areas with high organic matter composition (>2%). These in-stream and in-land ecological functions are landscape-dependent. By comparing with natural maps, the in-land ecological functions have suffered a 76% loss due to strong human stressors in the Garonne watershed. The spatiotemporal dynamics of these in-stream and in-land ecological functions are controlled by the slope, the streamflow, the hydraulic conditions and the nitrate concentration in the surface waters. Based on these control factors, parametric equations modeling in-stream nitrate removal have been developed and validated on the Garonne watershed. The in-stream and in-land ecological functions estimated on a large scale, the scale of Southwestern Europe, have spatial and temporal variations similar to those found in the Garonne watershed and depend on landscape features and anthropogenic influence. Finally, the results of this thesis had been valorized thanks to many collaborations in the hydrological, ecological and economical fields and had been the subject of knowledge transfer to society
Malherbe, Denis. "L'entreprise et la régulation : règles du jeu, jeu des règles, jeux avec les règles : le cas d'un groupe d'assurances mutuelles français(1990-1999)." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT4003.
Повний текст джерелаLaïchour, Hakim. "Modélisation multi-agent et aide à la décision : application à la régulation des correspondances dans les réseaux de transport urbain." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-309-310.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAdrianantenaina, Paul. "Régulation normative des médicaments de haute technologie/biotechnologie dans la Communauté européenne (1987-2000)." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P034.
Повний текст джерелаBahrami, Stéphane. "Essais sur la qualité des soins : approches en économie et en santé publique." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090073.
Повний текст джерелаThis work takes the perspectives of economics and public health to study issues related to the quality of hospital care.The first chapter introduces the concept of quality of care in economics and public health. We show that the two fields use similar definitions of the concept but explore differing and complementary approaches towards its regulation.Fixed price competition between hospitals, as implemented by a prospective payment system, should lead to an improvement of care quality, provided that the demand for care is increasing with quality. The second chapter evaluates the sensitivity to quality of demand for hospital care in France, using ranking lists published by the lay media as a measure of information on quality available to potential patients. We estimate changes in hospital demand caused by ranking lists on a panel of hospitals located in the Paris area, for several pathologies. We find a sizeable and significant demand shift towards hospitals belonging to the top list in the forprofit sector for one pathology. No effect is observed for non-profit hospitals, or for other pathologies in the for profit sector. Competition for quality may thus not be a feasible regulation approach for French public hospitals.The third chapter provides evidence regarding the cost of hospital infection control strategies targeting antimicrobial resistant bacteria. We estimated the burden and costs associated with two types of strategies, relying on targeted screening or on general hygiene promotion strategies, in two multinational controlled clinical trials, in surgical and intensive care units.Our results highlight the variability of costs associated with broad, non-specific hygiene promotion interventions, and, for interventions which were found to be effective by the clinical trials, costs that are consistent with the hypothesis that these interventions are costeffective
Zitoune, Lynda. "Approche automatique de l'ingénierie de trafic Internet." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112138.
Повний текст джерелаThe integration of multimedia applications within telecommunications services has stressed the need for both Quality of Service architectures and effective traffic control mechanisms. To ensure performance guarantees in terms of loss, delay and jitter are a critical problem ofthe next generation networks. It involves a reactive control policy which adapts the source rate to the network state variations. In this thesis, we introduce two new reactive mechanisms for controlling multimedia flows over a QoS architecture. They act as a closed loop to control the sources bit-rates according to the dynamic variations of the network. The regulation consists in limiting the traffic sources andrespecting the time and loss constraints. The objective of the present work is twofold. We first propose solutions for resource allocation and service guarantees in future networks. Secondly we show the contribution of the reactive control and the dynamic regulation using purely control theoretic approaches which stabilize the network and avoid undesirable oscillations for the transmission of critical flows, contrary to the currently used end-to-end control to avoid the congestion
Courtois, Francis. "AMELIORATION DE LA QUALITE AGRO-INDUSTRIELLE DU MAIS PAR LA MODELISATION DYNAMIQUE DU SECHAGE." Phd thesis, Massy, ENSIA, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00308506.
Повний текст джерелаIl est devenu important, maintenant, d'optimiser la conception des séchoirs en considérant, en plus de critères de rendement énergétique et de débit évaporatoire, la production d'un maïs de qualité amidonnière. La conduite automatique est un moyen complémentaire d'optimiser la gestion "temps réel" des séchoirs. Notre travail a consisté en la réalisation d'un outil d'aide à la conception de séchoirs et d'algorithmes de régulation optimisés en termes d'énergie, de débit et de qualité.
L'influence d'un choc thermique sur la qualité amidonnière du maïs est modélisée. L'équation qualité ainsi définie est reprise dans un modèle dynamique de séchage développé avec une méthode compartimentale, depuis la couche mince jusqu'au séchoir industriel.
Le modèle, ajusté sur des cinétiques de séchage en conditions constantes, est utilisé pour prédire le régime stationnaire de tout séchoir, existant ou non. Il permet de rendre compte de tous les phénomènes transitoires présents dans un séchoir industriel : sauts de température d'air, arrêts de séchage, refroidissement, recondensation, recyclage d'air...
Le modèle est aussi utilisé pour prédire le comportement dynamique de séchoirs soumis à des perturbations et tester ainsi les performances d'un algorithme de régulation.
De la couche mince au séchoir industriel, les simulations sont comparées aux expérimentations, en fonction des données expérimentales disponibles. Une erreur moyenne de 5% sur la prédiction est constatée pour la teneur en eau du maïs sec. L'erreur de prédiction sur la qualité est du même ordre que l'incertitude expérimentale due au test utilisé.
Possoz, Didier. "La qualité de la formation professionnelle continue en ses formes et ses usages : instruments de contrôle ou de régulation du marché de la formation ? Etat multiforme de la question." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30044/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe quality in adults’ vocational training raises many questions. To treat them, we address the perspective of the economic model of servuction, and meet actors co-producers of the training. The system is characterized by a number of issues and drivers, each of them, despite the institutional arrangements for consultation, develops specific policies and develops its own standards, marking its territory for action. For their part, training organizations create their own quality labels to better assert their identity against their partners and competitors and establish their legitimacy to intervene. As a result, signs of quality are proliferating in the market for certification, each with a unique design of training and criteria for quality. What value are they? Is it possible to reach an agreement on the quality of training and its way of being assessed? Using the theories of conventions and regulation, we build a framework of intelligibility of quality concepts, standardization and certification implemented at the macro-economic and micro-social. We question the category of the training market, given the characteristics of the act of training. We study the practices of institutions on governance of the system, companies and recipients based on what a quality of training is according to them. We analyze the reasons why the standards developed by consensus among industry professionals are not unanimously accepted and we study the proposals made by networks of organizations, including Greta of French National Education
Youssef, Darin. "Environnement institutionnel, stabilité bancaire et croissance économique dans les pays du Moyen-Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD049/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has witnessed many institutional and financial reforms meant to stimulate economic development. While traditional theories of economic growth promote capital accumulation and technological progress as fundamental determinants of economic development, studies that gave birth to the “new institutional economics” stress the major contribution of institutional development to economic development. The objective of this dissertation is to understand the role of institutional quality and financial regulation in the process of financial development and economic growth in the MENA region since the 1980s. Based on recent and adequate econometric models, this dissertation answers the following questions: What is the role played by institutional quality and banking regulation in explaining capital, risk and efficiency adjustments in the banking system of the MENA region? Is there a positive and significant effect of institutional quality on banking and economic development? Can inter-country differences in terms of economic performance be explained by institutional factors? significant effect on bank capital, excessive risk taking and efficiency of banks operating in the MENA region; (ii) Banking regulation has a positive and significant effect on banking development, and there is positive and significant interdependence between economic growth and banking development; (iii) the impact of institutional quality is stronger in countries that witnessed a weak growth rate on average compared to fast-growing countries where the institutional effect is not significant
Nguyen, Duc Khoat. "Contribution à l’étude des problèmes de ré-ordonnancement en cas de perturbation dans un système de transport de voyageurs dans une ville." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0127.
Повний текст джерелаThis work of thesis on the rescheduling problems in a public transportation system of bus relates to the implementation of a system of assistance (SAD) for the regulators of the owners in their tasks of decision-making when disturbances in the operation of the public transportation system of bus occur. In this context, we developed a SAD which rests on a module of dimensioning and a module of the strategies of regulation to help the regulators in the process of planning in real time and to decrease the influences of the disturbances. The approaches by the genetic algorithm and the algorithm of simulated annealing are used for the regulation by taking account of the various constraints imposed on the system and in particular of the constraints of capacities of the buses. A new coding and new operators of crossing and change were proposed to make it possible to respect the constraints of the problem. Thus, we built an application in Visual C Sharp of the SAD proposed to end to prove its effectiveness in the event of disturbance on the public transportation system of bus
Rouvière, Élodie. "Co-regulation in the enforcement of food safety." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10080.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focus on co-regulation in the enforcement of food safety. Co-regulation means that on the one hand, public authorities design and set the regulation and, on the other hand, the regulation is enforced by coordinated actions provided by public authorities and regulated firms. We presume that co-regulation might be a better way to enforce food safety regulations than traditionnal enforcement regimes that are on the sole responsibility of public authorities. To deal with this issue, we investigate a safety self-monitoring agreement that exists on one of the main import markets of fresh produce in France, which is a co-regulation program. The purpose of this program is to monitor fresh produce safety. We emphasized how public authorities and food operators adjust themselves to the program. We show that in order to make this program effective incentives and monitoring schemes are at stake. This statement is equally true for public authorities and food operators. Therefore, if the established purpose, not yet proven, of co-regulation in the enforcement of food safety is to be less costly than traditionnal enforcement regimes, our results urge caution when considering this assertion. The introduction of co-regulation in enforcement regimes of food safety implies costly changes for both public authorities and food operators. Henceforth, the next step will be to assess these new public policies of enforcement for food safety regulations, taking into account those costs
Ferrier, Thilia. "Les facteurs de transcription MYB et la régulation de la biosynthèse des flavonoïdes dans la baie de raisin : analyse fonctionnelle et identification de nouveaux candidats." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13663/document.
Повний текст джерелаFlavonoids, like anthocyanins, flavonols and condensed tannins, are key elements of he organoleptic quality of grape berries. In plants, expression of genes encoding enzymes of he flavonoid biosynthetic pathway is controlled by small protein complexes organised around MYB transcription factors. In the present work, we first focused on the regulatory mechanisms of VvMyb5a expression and on the biological activity of the corresponding protein. Promoter analysis indicated that VvMyb5a expression is probably mainly controlled by hormones. A yeast two-hybrid screen revealed that VvMyb5a can interact with a GAMYB ype protein kinase and a WD40 protein. In a second time, global transcriptome analysis of grapevine natural mutants deficient in anthocyanin biosynthesis led to the identification of wo new MYB genes, named VvMybPA1 and VvMyb24. Differential expression of these two genes in red and white berry skins was confirmed by RT-PCR and their functional characterizations have been initiated in Arabidopsis thaliana
Navoyan, Arayik. "Gouvernance et assurance qualité dans l'enseignement supérieur arménien : entre l'héritage soviétique, le processus de Bologne et les réformes récentes." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB197/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Soviet heritage, the recent developments in the sphere of Armenian higher education throughout the last three decades and the integration of the Republic of Armenia into the European Higher Education Area have blazed the path for new challenges in the sector and outlined the necessity to revise the regulatory framework of higher education. The said revision will allow for the implementation of more efficient mechanisms of higher education regulation and quality assurance that Armenia faces with the aim of responding to the objectives of the sector of Armenian higher education and the contribution to the development of the latter. Our research, which addresses Armenian context, offers analysis of structures, relations and procedures through which the policy of higher education is developed, introduced and revised nationally and the impact it has on international cooperation. This research will first and foremost permit to describe the principle theoretical models of governance in higher education: the concept of coordination of higher education, university configuration («La configuration universitaire»), governance equalizer with the aim of shredding light on and understanding the complex interactions of multitude actors involved in these processes. Moreover, our research highlights the implementation and the effects of regulatory models exercised by the State towards higher education, as well as the toolkit like, for instance, legislative framework within the context of public policy, the level of autonomy of institutions and the mechanisms of financing. This paper will also be of interest within the framework of quality assurance as a procedure of regulating higher education. Following the conceptual considerations and clarifications around such notions as are the quality and the quality assurance in higher education, as well as the presentation of such mechanisms as audit, evaluation and accreditations, we have undertaken the examination of fundamental political choices related to the objectives, general organization, as well as operational tools of the system of quality assurance, highlighting the ones a government would like to own in order to guarantee the quality assurance of higher education. Based on the results of qualitative and quantitative studies realized with experts and teachers, as well as the ones obtained from the analysis of the evolution of characteristics, politics, the instruments of regulation, as well as the system of quality assurance of Armenian higher education, a series of suggestions related to the evolution of the regulatory system of higher education and quality assurance are presented in this document. More particularly, with the aim of eliminating the Soviet heritage in such domains as are the development and the organization of academic programmes of higher education and for contributing the concord of Bachelor's and Master's programmes with the National Framework of Qualifications, concrete documents have been elaborated and are presented in the annex of this paper: «Armenian National Framework of BA studies», «Armenian National Framework of MA studies» and «Armenian Subject Benchmark Statement : Management». This research will allow political decision-makers, people who are responsible for institutions of higher education, teachers and other interested stakeholders to understand more profoundly the complex changes which occurred in the Post-Soviet system of higher education of Armenia as a result of Bologna Process and to contribute to the evolution of the sector with the aim of responding to the needs of Armenian higher education
Gautier, Isabelle. "Evolution quantitative et qualitative des protocoles d'essais cliniques présentés devant un comité d'éthique français." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0660.
Повний текст джерелаMethodological quality in clinical research is mandatory to ensure the reliability of medical experiments, with benefits for both practitioners and patients. This PhD thesis aims at measuring the quality of therapeutic trials submitted to the Ethics Committee of the South-East Region II, and its evolution over several years. Two comprehensive cross-sectional studies were conducted. The first explore the field of pediatric research, and aims at measuring the impact of the introduction of European Pediatric Regulation in 2007, on the evolution of the quantity and quality of trials in this field, given the low number of research in this population. The second analyzes the quality of randomized controlled trials using the JADAD score and seeks to identify the elements that influence it. These studies were conducted using the protocols submitted to the Ethics Committee, and not from a literature analysis. The concept of quality was first studied based on their ethical and scientific reliability. The various assessing tools proposed by the experts to measure the quality were appraised, which allowed the selection of the most methodologically scale adapted to this study. Conclusion: we show that the level of quality observed for pediatric trials is high, but was not influenced by the introduction of the European Regulation, which could, on the other hand, have led to an important increase in the number of pediatric trials. Regarding randomized controlled trials, a multivariate analysis allowed the identification of two statistically significant markers associated with high quality score of the protocol: the multicentric character of the research, and the drugs trials
Lefebvre, Marion. "Qualité(s) de l’emploi dans les services à la personne : entre régulations publiques et professionnelles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL12016/document.
Повний текст джерелаHome care and personal services are heavily supported by economic and social policies in France. What is the quality of these jobs? Are there different forms of job quality in this heterogeneous group of activities? How are “quality compromises” built? How are they legitimated? These are the essential questions addressed in this thesis. In order to answer these issues, we study the progressive construction of public and professional regulations which contribute to shape jobs and their characteristics. The structuring of professional relationships is more particularly analysed on the basis of a qualitative survey carried out among people in charge of bargaining collective agreements. The interpretive lens used in the analysis of empirically observed forms of job quality is derived from this first historical and social framing. A second, epistemological and theoretical framing, aims at pointing out the way through which the concept of “job quality” is approached in the thesis. Job quality is investigated in its multiple economic and social dimensions (remuneration, job security, working conditions...) through an approach based on the gaps to the mean of French job standards. The use and treatment of statistical data based on two national surveys emphasizes that these deviations from the norm tend to be cumulative on several dimensions in personal services. “Cumulative constraints at work” is thus important, but situations are heterogeneous. We then demonstrate the coexistence of a plurality of job quality configurations embedded in public and professional regulations
Guillo, Olivier. "Méthode de régulation d'une variable écologique par contrôle optimal stochastique, en temps réel, d'activités socio-économiques dans le cadre des jeux dynamiques : application à la qualité de l'eau de la lagune de Thau et à son bassin versant." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2001AIX24008.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOuld, Sidi Mohamed Mahmoud. "Contribution à l'amélioration des systèmes d'aide à la décision pour la régulation du trafic dans les réseaux de transport collectif." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Ould_Sidi.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctoral thesis contributes to the implementation of a decision support system for the traffic control in the disrupted transport networks, aiming to help the developers of these networks to dissipate the disturbances which can appear and degrade the quality of services offered to the travellers. This report is consisted of four chapters. It begins with a bibliographical study on the management of collective transport networks. So, we approach the various problems related to transport systems, to processes planning and regulation. The second chapter presents various models attributed to the multimodal transport systems such as those based on the theory of graphs, on multi-agents systems, and on Petri nets. We also propose a new mathematical formulation of the problem of regulation and a help module to the generation and to the evaluation of the regulation strategies. This module is constituted with four sub-modules; each one realizes a very precise task: the evaluation of impact of disturbances and the actions of regulation on the state of the traffic, the determination of the spatiotemporal horizon of regulation, the generation of practicable decisions and their construction. Four evolutionary-fuzzy approaches proposed for the resolution of this problem are presented in the chapter 3. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the results of the implemented of approaches and methods proposed through the tests of simulation, to evaluate their performances on some real scenarios of different natural disturbances and stemming from the transport network of our industrial partner of the SART project : the SEMURVAL