Дисертації: "Qualitative"

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Dordan, Olivier. "Analyse qualitative." Paris 9, 1990. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1990PA090006.

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Cette thèse a pour objet l'analyse qualitative de problèmes statiques et dynamiques. L'analyse qualitative fut d'abord développée par les économistes sous le terme de statique comparative. La motivation était de pouvoir tenir compte des nombreuses données économiques uniquement disponibles sous forme qualitative. Au début des années 60, Lancaster introduisit la notion de système qualitatif linéaire; depuis ses premiers travaux, de nombreux scientifiques ont développé des outils algébriques qualitatifs. Ils essayèrent notamment de trouver la contrepartie qualitative de ce qui existait en algèbre linéaire classique comme les déterminants qualitatifs. Un nouvel intérêt pour ces problèmes surgit dans le domaine de l'intelligence artificielle avec la physique qualitative. La motivation principale étant de reproduire le savoir-faire de l'ingénieur à l'aide d'un ordinateur. Cette thèse présente en exergue un résumé des différents travaux effectués dans ce domaine, tant sur le plan statique que sur le plan dynamique. Dans la première partie nous nous intéressons aux problèmes statiques et nous donnons des définitions rigoureuses de cadres et solutions qualitatifs. Nous fournissons des résultats analytiques sur l'existence des solutions qualitatives. Dans la deuxième partie, notre objectif est de simuler de manière qualitative le comportement d'une équation différentielle ordinaire. Nous proposons une formulation mathématique d'un algorithme de simulation qualitative dynamique que B. Kuipers a présenté en 1986. Nous donnons un exemple d'implémentation numérique de cette nouvelle version pour une classe de systèmes différentiels: les systèmes réplicateurs

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Keith, Karin, and Renee Rice Moran. "Qualitative Ethnography." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1002.

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Missier, Antoine. "Structures mathématiques pour le calcul qualitatif : contribution à la simulation qualitative." Toulouse, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAT0028.

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Dans une première partie, ce travail propose une structure mathématique appelée «Espace Qualitatif» qui associe un ensemble de qualités à un ensemble d'objets et permet d'effectuer des manipulations arithmétiques et logiques sur ces qualités. Cette structure définit un cadre général aux algèbres aux ordres de grandeur et en particulier à l'algèbre des signes qui est un des formalismes les plus utilisés en physique qualitative. Nous étudions les propriétés calculatoires de ces algèbres en détail, aboutissant à des résultats généraux pour la résolution des systèmes d'équations qualitatives, étape importante de la simulation qualitative de type envisionement. Par ailleurs, nous avons été amenés à collaborer au développement de SQUALE, un simulateur qualitatif basé sur les équations différentielles qualitatives, dont le noyau utilise l'algèbre des signes. Le problème classique de cette simulation est de produire des comportements inconsistants, rendant les résultats difficilement exploitables. Des développements annexes permettent une réduction de la combinatoire liée à ce problème. Le simulateur SQUALE a été écrit selon une approche non plus combinatoire mais «déductionniste», et des améliorations issues d'une analyse mathématique sont proposées et implémentées

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Reece, Steven. "Qualitative model-based multi-sensor data fusion : the qualitative Kalman filter." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299237.

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Maciel, Laura de Amorim [UNIFESP]. "Análise dos critérios diagnósticos de dependência (DSM-IV) entre usuários diários de maconha." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2009. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/8931.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-27
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Psicofarmacologia (AFIP)
Objetivo: Analisar entre usuários diários de cannabis, os sinais e sintomas da Síndrome de Dependência de Substância, tendo como referência os critérios diagnósticos do DSM-IV. Métodos: Foi utilizado o referencial qualitativo de pesquisa. A amostra intencional, de usuários diários de maconha da omunidade, foi composta por “bola de neve”. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, individuais e anônimas, com base nos critérios do Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais (DSM-IV). As entrevistas foram gravadas, para posterior transcrição e análise de conteúdo categorial. Resultados: Participaram deste estudo 24 pessoas (15 homens), com idades entre 18 a 49 anos. Apenas um entrevistado relatou compulsão para o uso. Os demais mencionaram planejamento do uso em suas rotinas diárias,sem identificar redução de atividades consideradas importantes. Prejuízo de memória foi citada por 17 entrevistados.Não foi relatada tolerância para a sensação de relaxamento, principal motivação para a continuidade do uso. Sintomas nos períodos de abstinência (irritação, insîonia e redução do apetite) se aproximaram mais de sentimentos de frustração e/ou dos conceitos de efeito rebote ou off-set. Apesar de apenas quatro terem preenchido diagnóstico de dependência, 16 se consideravam dependentes. Conclusões: Os critérios diagnósticos do DSM-IV podem não identificar usuários diários de cannabis como dependentes, ainda que eles se considerem. As especificidades em relação à tolerância e controle/compulsão parecem diminuir a probabilidade de preenchimento de critérios diagnósticos.
Aim: To study the DSM-IV criteria for substance dependence among daily cannabis users. Methods: A qualitative method and an intentional sample of daily cannabis users in the community were adopted in this investigation, which was conducted in Sao Paulo, Brazil. In-depth, semi-structured interviews based on the DSM-IV criteria for substance dependence were held individually. The interviews were recorded and transcribed for posterior content analyses. Results: 24 people (15 men) aged 18-49 years participated in this study. Only one participant reported compulsive use, while the others planned cannabis use through their daily routine without reducing the frequency in which engaged in important activities. Impairments on the short-term memory were reported by 17 participants. There was no report of tolerance towards the sensation of relaxation, which was claimed to be the main motivation for continued use. Symptoms during the abstinence periods (irritation, insomnia and appetite reduction) were more likely to be some frustration feeling for not being able to smoke marijuana and/or rebound or off-set effects. Despite the fact only four participants were diagnosed dependent (DSM-IV), 16 considered themselves dependent. Conclusions: The DSM-IV diagnoses criteria might not identify cannabis daily users as dependents, despite the fat that they considered themselves dependents. The specificities regarding tolerance and control/compulsion seem to reduce the probability of establishing diagnoses of dependence.
FAPESP: 06/58658-8
FAPESP: 07/50783-0
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

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Loesel, Corinne. "Un modèle de raisonnement hypothétique et temporel pour la physique qualitative." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10211.

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Cette thèse traite de l'intégration de plusieurs raisonnements, et en particulier de trois types de raisonnement: hypothétique, qualitatif et temporel. L’étude des différents systèmes proposés en physique qualitative nous a montré l'importance du temps, et donc la nécessité de l'intégration entre le raisonnement temporel et le raisonnement qualitatif. Cette étude nous a également montré la faiblesse des raisonnements utilisant pour domaine des valeurs un espace des quantités fondé sur les signes. De même, l'utilisation des ordres de grandeur ne permet pas de manipuler des valeurs quantitatives, parfois nécessaires dans les systèmes physiques. C’est donc pour ces raisons que notre système, qui est construit en particulier pour traiter des problèmes de la physique qualitative, utilisera un espace des quantités fondé sur les intervalles avec une algèbre d'intervalle appropriée. Un deuxième volet de notre travail consistait à étudier les systèmes de maintien de la vérité et le raisonnement temporel, et de voir de quelle manière nous pouvions les intégrer pour faire du raisonnement qualitatif. Notre approche est fondée sur le système HEART de Joubel et Raiman, qui est une intégration entre le raisonnement temporel et le raisonnement hypothétique. Cependant, nous y intégrons une composante qualitative qui prend ses valeurs dans un espace reposant sur les intervalles. La composante temporelle est elle aussi de type intervalle. Le système que nous avons développé permet donc de prendre en compte l'aspect temporel de manière explicite utilise habituellement de manière implicite dans les systèmes de physique qualitative. De plus, l'utilisation d'un ATMS permet de réduire le graphe obtenu pour une simulation qualitative classique. Nous pouvons également prévoir l'intégration d'un simulateur causal, qui permettra d'expliquer pourquoi et comment le système a réagi de telle manière. Il a été appliqué avec succès dans le domaine de la robotique

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Mörtl, Kathrin. "Hilfreiche Faktoren in der Psychosomatischen Tagesklinik aus Patientensicht - eine qualitative Studie." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:289-vts-66078.

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Musto, Alexandra. "Qualitative Repräsentation von Bewegungsverläufen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962068616.

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Benoit, Romain. "Analyse qualitative de robots." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0034/document.

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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans la problématique générale de la caractérisation et de la classification des systèmes. Plus précisément, nos contributions s’orientent vers les applications robotiques et, plus particulièrement, vers la classification de manipulateurs. Les algorithmes et méthodologies proposés dans ce document s’appuient sur plusieurs théories mathématiques dont la théorie des singularités et l’Analyse par Intervalles, qui sont formalisés dans la première partie de cette Thèse.Classifier des systèmes induit deux objectifs que sont la formalisation des éléments communs aux systèmes dans la même classe ainsi que leur détection formelle et pratique. Ainsi, ce mémoire compile, pour chacun dans un chapitre dédié, nos contributions vis-à-vis de ces deux objectifs associés à la classification. Une méthodologie générale est proposée, afin de distinguer plusieurs sous ensembles singuliers caractéristiques et génériquement non vides. Cette méthodologie est illustrée pour des fonctions entre espaces de même dimension, allant de 1à 3. Chaque application met en lumière des propriétés différentes de la méthodologie générale proposée.Complémentairement, chacune de ces applications mène à la conception d’algorithmes, basé sur l’Analyse par Intervalles, mettant en œuvre cette méthodologie.Complémentairement à la détection de points d’intérêt,nous présentons une méthodologie générale pour définir un objet combinatoire codant le comportement d’une fonction. Cette méthodologie s’appuie sur la détection préalable d’ensembles d’intérêt dont les topologies sont invariantes pour l’équivalence choisie. Ces développements ouvrent vers de nombreuses perspectives futures qui concluent ce mémoire
This thesis is within the scope of the general problematic of characterizing and classifying systems. More precisely, our contributions are aimed toward robotic applications and, more particularly, at the classification of manipulators. The algorithms and methodologies proposed in this document are based upon several mathematical theories including Singularity Theory and Interval Analysis, which are formalized in the first part of this Phd Thesis report. Classifying systems induces two objectives that are the formalization of the elements commons to systems in the same class as well as their formal and practical detection. Then, this report compiles, for each one in a dedicated chapter, our contributions regarding these two objectives associated with the classification. A general methodology is proposed, with the objective to distinguish several characteristic singular subsets that prove to be generically not empty. This methodology is illustrated for functions between spaces of the same dimension, ranging from 1 to 3. Each application highlights different properties that are admitted by the proposed general methodology. Furthermore, each of these applications leads to the conception of severalalgorithms, based on Interval Analysis, that enforce the proposed methodology. Complementarily to the detection of interest points, we introduce a general methodology to define a combinatorial object encoding the behavior of a function. This methodology is based on the preliminary detection of interest sets whose topologies are invariant for the chosen equivalence. These developments open up to numerous future perspectives that conclude this report

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Thoresz, Keith John 1972. "Qualitative representation for recognition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16863.

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Thesis (S.M. in Computational Neuroscience)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-80).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
This thesis describes a representation for objects and scenes that is stable against variations in image intensity caused by illumination changes and tolerant to image degradations such as sensor noise. The representation, called a ratio-template, uses low-resolution ordinal contrast relationships as its matching primitives. The choice of these primitives was inspired not only by considerations of computational simplicity and robustness, but also by current knowledge of the early stages of visual processing in the primate brain. The resulting representation is biologically plausible, although there is currently no evidence to suggest that the representation is actually used by the primate visual system. Constructed manually at first, the ratio-template can be learned automatically from a set of examples. Two applications--face detection and scene indexing--are described. The ratio-template achieves detection rates higher than 90% and can process a 320×280 pixel image in 2.6 seconds at multiple scales.
by Keith John Thoresz.
S.M.in Computational Neuroscience

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Gonçalo, Camila da Silva 1975. "Habilitação e uso das práticas integrativas e complementares na odontologia = Habilitation and use of complementary and integrative practices in dentistry." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311407.

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Orientador: Nelson Filice de Barros
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: A Resolução CFO-82/2008 divulgada em 1º de Outubro de 2008 baixou normas para habilitação de Cirurgiões-Dentistas (CD) nas Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PIC) no Brasil. Os objetivos do trabalho foram: identificar e analisar as evidências científicas disponíveis no campo das PIC na odontologia, bem como conhecer as motivações que desencadearam a busca de CD pela habilitação em PIC. Os resultados da pesquisa encontram-se disponibilizados nesta tese em oito capítulos (artigos). Os três primeiros capítulos abordam revisões sistemáticas que contemplem dimensões além de parâmetros clínicos e as evidências do uso clínico das PIC em saúde bucal. No quarto capítulo são abordadas as percepções de estudantes do curso de odontologia sobre a incorporação do ensino das PIC durante o período de graduação. O quinto e o sexto capítulo apresentam os resultados de duas revisões sistemáticas da literatura referentes à captação de dados qualitativos por meio de entrevistas telefônicas e por meio de outros tipos de entrevistas conduzidas à distância. No sétimo capitulo, apresenta-se a distribuição geográfica dos CD habilitados em 2009 para o exercício das PIC no Brasil. O oitavo e último capítulo consiste de um estudo qualitativo sobe as motivações que desencadearam a busca dos CD pela habilitação em PIC. Com o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi possível: a) expor à comunidade científica uma proposta de metodologia que extrapola a compilação de dados clínicos e quantitativos, que não alcançam informações além das intervenções e desfechos clínicos (capítulo 1); b) identificar que a literatura analisada revelou maior volume de publicação de estudos sobre laserterapia odontológica e que embora existam evidências positivas do uso das PIC na odontologia, os artigos avaliados apresentaram limitações referentes à qualidade e consistência de seus resultados (capítulo 2); c) identificar o predomínio de evidências positivas decorrentes do uso das PIC em diferentes contextos de saúde bucal (capítulo 3); d) identificar que os estudantes de odontologia, nas instituições pesquisadas, consideram importante a incorporação do ensino das PIC durante o curso de graduação (capítulo 4); e) verificar que os artigos analisados apresentam superficialmente o modo como as entrevistas telefônicas (ET) foram planejadas e conduzidas sendo que o baixo custo e a necessidade de pequena infra-estrutura foram às principais justificativas para a opção da utilização das ET na coleta de dados qualitativos (capítulo 5); f) verificar que o assunto mais estudado foi à comparação de ED com outras técnicas de coleta de dados seguido de estudos sobre a viabilidade das ED e de estudos avaliativos de instrumentos para captação de dados por telefone (capítulo 6); g) verificar a existência da concentração de profissionais habilitados no Estado de São Paulo, identificar que a maioria desses pertence ao sexo feminino e que possui habilitação em Laserterpia (capítulo 7); h) identificar que a principal motivação para a busca das habilitações em PIC aplicadas a saúde bucal foi à curiosidade despertada por diferentes estímulos, sobretudo aqueles compreendidos nas demandas pessoais e profissionais (capítulo 8)
Abstract: The Resolution CFO-82/2008 released on 1 October 2008 lowered standards for habilitation of Dental Surgeons (DS) in Complementary and Integrative Practices (CIP) in Brazil. The aim of this study were to identify and analyze the available scientific evidence in the field of CIP in dentistry, as well as knowing the motivations of CD that led to the search for vetting in PIC. The research results were available in this thesis in eight chapters (articles). The first three chapters cover the elaboration process of systematic reviews that include dimensions beyond of clinical parameters and of clinical evidence of the use of CIP in buccal health. The fourth chapter deals with the perceptions of students of dentistry about the incorporation of the teaching of CIP during graduation. The fifth and sixth chapter presents the results of two systematic reviews of the literature concerning the capture of qualitative data through telephone interviews and through other types of interviews conducted at a distance. The seventh chapter presents the geographical distribution of DS habilitated in 2009 to exercise the CIP in Brazil. The eighth and final chapter consists of a qualitative study about the motivations of DS to get its habilitation in CIP. With the development of research was possible: a) expose to the scientific community a proposed methodology that goes beyond the compilation of clinical data and quantitative information that does not reach beyond the interventions and clinical outcomes (Chapter 1); b) identify that literature analyzed revealed higher number of published studies on dental laser therapy furthermore there is positive evidence of the use of CIP in dentistry, but the articles evaluated showed limitations regarding the quality and consistency of their results (Chapter 2); c) identify the prevalence of positive evidence from the use of CIP in different contexts of oral health (Chapter 3); d) identify that dental students in the institutions studied, considers important the incorporation of the teaching of the CIP during the undergraduate course (Chapter 4); e) verify that the analyzed articles presents superficially how the telephone interviews (TI) were planned and conducted thus the low cost and the need for small infrastructure were the main reasons for the choice of the use of TI in qualitative data collection (Chapter 5); f) verify that the most studied subject was the comparation of distance interviews (DI) with other techniques of data collection, followed by studies on the feasibility of DI and evaluative studies of instruments for data collection by phone (Chapter 6); g) verify the existence of the concentration of professionals in the State of Sao Paulo, identify the most of DS are female and has habilitation in Dental Laser therapy (Chapter 7); h) identify that the main motivation for the pursuit of habilitations in CIP applied to buccal health was curiosity aroused by different stimuli, especially those included in the personal and professional demands (Chapter 8)
Doutorado
Ciências Sociais em Saúde
Doutora em Saúde Coletiva

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Filho, Marco Aurelio Tupinamba Viana. "Ensino de ciências para alunos surdos: aplicação de modelo qualitativo baseado em raciocínio qualitativo para alunos dos Ensino Fundamental I." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97138/tde-29032017-095021/.

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A partir da promulgação da Resolução CNE/CEB Nº 2, de fevereiro de 2001, indivíduos surdos obtiveram a oportunidade de ser integrados à escola básica ao receberem acesso aos conteúdos curriculares presentes no Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE). Desde então vem se buscando metodologias que ofereçam uma educação que atenda a esses alunos de forma adequada, alicerçada não somente na linguagem verbal e escrita, mas também na primeira língua do surdo, a Língua Brasileira de Sinais (LIBRAS). Diante do desafio de propiciar o ensino, principalmente em ciências, algumas alternativas foram selecionadas a luz da Pedagogia Visual, que tem como principal alicerce o argumento de que indivíduos surdos apresentam uma capacidade visual muito além daquela possuída pelo indivíduo ouvinte. A primeira alternativa, denominada \"Mapa Conceitual\", se adéqua a Pedagogia Visual por sua estrutura em moldes de diagrama, porém ainda possui uma base muito ligada a linguagem escrita, o que dificulta o aprendizado em alunos que ainda não possuem uma fluência na língua portuguesa, ou seja, ainda não são bilíngues. Outra dificuldade se encontra nos primeiros anos do ensino fundamental, em que alunos surdos ingressantes não apresentam fluência nem mesmo em LIBRAS, mas exibem um sistema particular de sinais apoiados na visão. Esse déficit pode ser contornado pela segunda alternativa, denominada de \"Modelo Qualitativo\" baseado em Raciocínio Qualitativo (RQ). O modelo qualitativo além de apresentar uma base gráfica que atende a pedagogia visual, trabalha com modelos de causalidade, emulando um sistema da forma mais real possível para que o aluno o compreenda. Para a construção do modelo foi usado um simulador denominado de DynaLearn, desenvolvido com o objetivo de integrar o aprendizado do aluno por meio de modelos qualitativos. Para que isso aconteça foram (I) desenvolvidos modelos qualitativos sobre Poluição Humana baseados em RQ, por meio do software DynaLearn, que atendessem aos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) do 6º Ano do Ensino Fundamental, especificamente em relação ao ensino de ciências. Em seguida (II) o modelo foi aplicado no ensino de Ciências Naturais, em regime de contra turno, para uma turma de alunos surdos proficientes em LIBRAS, porém deficientes em Língua Portuguesa do Ensino Fundamental I, que posteriormente (III) teve seu aprendizado avaliado por meio de questionários e transcrições das aulas. Conclui-se que a aplicação do modelo qualitativo atingiu seus objetivos ao levar os alunos a desenvolverem o raciocínio qualitativo por meio da compreensão das relações causais, da mesma maneira que o software DynaLearn satisfaz os requisitos visualização requeridos pela Pedagogia Visual, destacando alguns pontos que podem melhorar devido ao público-alvo. Também foi observado que a aquisição de conceitos científicos pelos alunos apresenta relação íntima com seus sinais correspondentes.
Since the enactment of Resolution CNE/CEB No. 2, February 2001, deaf individuals had the opportunity to be integrated into the basic school to receive access to curriculum content present in the Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE). Since then has been seeking methodologies that provide an education that attends these students adequately grounded not only in verbal and written language, but also in the first language of the deaf, the Brazilian Sign Language (known as \"Libras\"). Faced with the challenge of providing education, especially in science, some alternatives were selected in view of Visual Education, whose main foundation the argument that deaf people have a visual capacity beyond that possessed by the individual listener. The first alternative, called \"Concept Map\" fits the Visual Pedagogy by your diagram templates structure, however still has a very connected based written language, which hinders learning in students who do not have fluency in Portuguese, that is, they are not bilingual. Another difficulty is in the early years of elementary school, where new deaf students do not have fluency even in \"Libras\", but show a particular system of signs supported in the vision. This deficit can be overcome for the second alternative, called \"Qualitative Model\" based on Qualitative Reasoning (QR). The qualitative model besides presenting a graphical basis that meets the visual pedagogy, works with causal models, emulating a system more real as possible so that the student understands. For the construction of the model was used a simulator called DynaLearn developed with the aim of integrating student learning through qualitative models. To make it happen were (I) developed qualitative models on Human Pollution based in RQ, through the DynaLearn software, which met the National Curriculum Parameters (NCP) of the 6th year of elementary school, specifically in relation to science teaching. Then (II) the model was applied in the teaching of Natural Sciences, in counter-shift system, to a group of proficient deaf students in \"Libras\" but deficient in Portuguese of the elementary school, which later (III) had their learning assessed by through questionnaires and transcripts lessons. It is concluded that the application of qualitative model reached these objectives by bringing students to develop the qualitative reasoning by understanding the causal relationships in the same way that the DynaLearn software meets the requirements of view required by Visual Education, highlighting some points that can improve due to the target audience. It was also noted that the acquisition of scientific concepts by students presents a close relationship with their corresponding signals.

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Hernandez, Vindel Sindy Michell 1991. "Análise do desenvolvimento qualitativo e jurídico da matriz energética brasileira e hondurenha /." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154297.

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Orientador: Sergio Campos
Coorientador: Anselmo Jose Spadotto
Banca: Yara Manfrin Garcia
Banca: Lincoln Gehring Cardoso
Resumo: A energia é uma das bases de maior importância para a sociedade já que contribui no desenvolvimento dos países, as mudanças na matriz energética para uso de fontes renováveis causarão impactos positivos, contribuindo num desenvolvimento sustentável. As modificações na matriz energética brasileira e hondurenha com o propósito de torná-las mais eficientes e procurando contribuir com o desenvolvimento ambiental e jurídico configuram o tema de interesse desta pesquisa. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral analisar o desenvolvimento qualitativo e jurídico da matriz energética do Brasil e de Honduras e como objetivos específicos estudar as características da matriz energética e suas dependências de energia não renovável no período de 2000 a 2016 para o Brasil e de 2000 a 2015 para Honduras e avaliar o efeito das estratégias jurídicas na mudança da matriz energética de ambos países por meio de uma análise comparativa na legislação energética do Brasil e de Honduras. A metodologia empregada foi qualitativa por meio de uma pesquisa de sondagem, o período experimental foi de 15/11/2016 a 30/03/2018 onde se procuraram informações e normas legais referentes ao objetivo deste trabalho. Foram consultados artigos científicos em sites especializados, os dados estatísticos do consumo energético foram obtidos de organizações internacionais. Em sites oficiais governamentais consultou-se a legislação energética de Brasil e Honduras e usando-se como critério transversal a atualização e vi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Energy is one of the most important bases for society since it contributes to the development of countries, changes in the energy matrix for use of renewable sources will cause positive impacts, contributing to sustainable development. The changes in the Brazilian and Honduran energy matrix in order to make them more efficient and seeking to contribute to environmental and legal development are the theme of interest in this research. The present work had as general objective to analyze the qualitative and legal development of the energy matrix of Brazil and Honduras and as specific objectives to study the characteristics of the energy matrix and its dependencies of nonrenewable energy in the period from 2000 to 2016 for Brazil and 2000 to 2015 for Honduras and to evaluate the effect of the legal strategies in the change of the energy matrix of both countries through a comparative analysis in the energy legislation of Brazil and Honduras. The methodology used was qualitative by means of a survey, the experimental period was from 11/15/2016 to 03/30/2018 where information and legal norms regarding the objective of this work were sought. Scientific articles were consulted on specialized websites, statistical data on energy consumption were obtained from international organizations. Government official websites consulted the energy legislation of Brazil and Honduras and using as a transversal criterion the updating and validity of the same. As results it was found that both countries are dependent on non-renewable energy to cover energy demand but are on the right path in diversifying their energy matrix, it was also possible to verify that there is a convergence between some energy laws of Brazil and Honduras, as well as other laws that can help in the energy efficiency of the countries improving the socioeconomic development ...
Mestre

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14

Pereira, Valquiria Fenelon. "Interpretação de imagens com raciocínio espacial qualitativo probabilístico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3152/tde-23122014-141015/.

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Анотація:

Um sistema artificial pode usar raciocínio espacial qualitativo para inferir informações sobre seu ambiente tridimensional a partir de imagens bidimensionais. Inferências realizadas com base em raciocínio espacial qualitativo devem ser capazes de lidar com incertezas. Neste trabalho investigamos a utilização de técnicas probabilísticas para tornar o raciocínio espacial qualitativo mais robusto a incertezas e aplicável a agentes móveis em ambientes reais. Investigamos uma formalização de raciocínio espacial com lógica de descrição probabilística em um subdomínio de tráfego. Desenvolvemos também um método que combina raciocínio espacial qualitativo com um filtro Bayesiano para desenvolver dois sistemas que foram aplicados na auto localização de um robô móvel. Executamos dois experimentos de auto localização; um utilizando a teoria de relações qualitativas percebíveis sobre sombra com filtro Bayesiano; e outro utilizando o cálculo de oclusão de regiões e o cálculo de direção com filtro Bayesiano. Ambos os sistemas obtiveram resultados positivos onde somente o raciocínio espacial qualitativo não foi capaz de inferir a localização do robô. Os experimentos com dados reais mostraram robustez aos ruídos e à informação parcial.
An artificial system can use qualitative spatial reasoning to obtain information about its tridimensional environment, from bi-dimensional images. Inferences produced by qualitative spatial reasoning must be able to deal with uncertainty. This work investigates the use of probabilistic techniques to make qualitative spatial reasoning more robust against uncertainty, and better applicable to mobile agents in real environments. The work investigates a formalization of spatial reasoning using probabilistic description logics in a traffic domain. Additionally, a method is presented that combines qualitative spatial reasoning with a Bayesian filter, to develop two systems that are applied to self-localization of mobile robots. Two experiments are described; one using the theory of perceptual qualitative relations about shadows; the other using occlusion calculus and direction calculus. Both systems are combined with a Bayesian filter producing positive results in situations where qualitative spatial reasoning alone cannot infer robot location. Experiments with real data show robustness to noise and partial information.

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15

Menendez, Gianmarco. "Caratteristiche qualitative delle carni bovine." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10193/.

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Анотація:

Lo scopo di questo elaborato di tesi è stato quello di condurre uno studio preliminare volto ad indagare le principali caratteristiche qualitative delle carni bovine in funzione dell’origine e dell’età degli animali. Nel corso della sperimentazione sono stati analizzati 24 campioni di carne bovina ottenuti da animali di origine francese ed italiana di età compresa fra 15 e 23 mesi, acquistati presso la grande distribuzione o acquisiti direttamente dalle aziende produttrici. Da ciascun campione sono state ricavate delle porzioni di 6 mm di spessore impiegate, a loro volta, per la preparazione di sotto-campioni da sottoporre a determinazione di pH, colore, Expressible Moisture (EM %) e sforzo di taglio. Nell’ambito di ciascun parametro, l’insieme dei dati è stato analizzato mediante analisi statistica di tipo descrittivo. Successivamente, calcolata la matrice delle correlazioni fra i parametri oggetto di studio i dati sono stati elaborati mediante analisi multivariata con il metodo delle componenti principali (Principal Component Analysis, PCA) allo scopo di verificare se fosse possibile discriminare la qualità della carne in funzione dell’origine e dell’età degli animali. Quanto emerso evidenzia come non sia possibile discriminare la qualità dei campioni di carne bovina, sia acquistati al dettaglio presso la grande distribuzione che acquisiti direttamente dalle aziende produttrici, sulla base delle informazioni riportate in etichetta circa l’età e l’origine degli animali. Ciò può trovare spiegazione nella molteplicità di fattori intrinseci (specie, razza o tipo genetico, genere, età e peso degli animali alla macellazione) ed estrinseci (fasi pre- e post-macellazione) in grado di svolgere un ruolo rilevante nel determinare la qualità della carne. Pertanto, future ricerche dovranno essere intraprese per individuare quali parametri possano essere considerati più idonei a valorizzare la qualità tecnologica e sensoriale delle carni bovine.

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16

Trullols, Soler Esther. "Validation of qualitative analytical methods." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9004.

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La informació química sobre la composició d'una mostra pot ser molt diversa: des de saber de quins analits es composa un cert material a saber exactament en quina quantitat s'hi troben o de quina forma hi són presents, si estan relacionats estructuralment entre ells, etc.
D'acord amb tota aquesta varietat, els mètodes analítics es classifiquen en dos grans grups: els mètodes d'anàlisi qualitativa i els mètodes d'anàlisi quantitativa. Segons les característiques del problema analític es triarà un o altre tipus de mètode d'anàlisi. Quan l'objectiu és saber què hi ha en una mostra desconeguda, un mètode qualitatiu serà el mes adequat. En els darrers temps, aquests mètodes han estat objecte d'estudi, i s'utilitzen avui dia, en molts camps d'aplicació. Per exemple, en l'anàlisi d'aliments és habitual l'ús d'un mètode qualitatiu per determinar si un o més analits es troben presents en la mostra per sobre o per sota d'una determinada concentració.
Però si l'interès és saber la quantitat d'un determinat component en una mostra, l'opció d'un mètode quantitatiu serà la més adient.

Aquesta tesi s'ha centrat en els mètodes d'anàlisi qualitativa pels nombrosos avantatges que presenten. Aquests mètodes poden ajudar a destriar mostres en funció de si aquestes presenten una quantitat d'un cert analit al voltant d'un valor de concentració prèviament establert, abans de ser quantificades. És a dir, s'utilitzen com a pas previ a l'aplicació del mètode quantitatiu, implicant un estalvi de feina, de temps i de diners important si es tracta de quantificar contaminants, detectar adulteracions o qualsevol altra situació en la que no es pugui sobrepassar una certa concentració. En aquests casos només s'ha de quantificar la mostra que en el mètode qualitatiu revela un resultat en el que es sobrepassa aquesta certa concentració.
En d'altres àmbits d'aplicació, els mètodes qualitatius estan perfectament integrats en el procediment estàndard d'operacions, pel que, llevat en situacions molt específiques, un resultat positiu no necessita ser confirmat mitjançant una anàlisi posterior amb un mètode quantitatiu.

A més de la importància de triar un mètode analític adequat a cada problemàtica, cal destacar que és igual d'important tenir fiabilitat sobre el resultat trobat i, per tant, sobre el mètode emprat. Això vol dir que qualsevol mètode analític ha de tenir definits els seus requeriments i qualitats analítiques i que s'ha de comprovar que aquests paràmetres prèviament definits, realment tenen el valor que se'ls ha assignat. D'aquesta confirmació se'n diu Validació, i és una condició indispensable per a poder emprar un mètode analític. D'aquesta manera es poden garantir els resultats demanats pels clients/usuaris. A més, des de l'aprovació de la norma ISO 17025 aquesta comprovació del mètode analític i dels seus resultats encara s'ha fet més recomanable.

Fins fa poc temps, la validació de mètodes analítics s'ha centrat en els mètodes quantitatius. El resultat ha estat una sèrie de guies/pautes perfectament establertes d'ús molt comú. Però no hi ha cap protocol general per a validar un mètode qualitatiu. Amb aquesta tesi es vol contribuir a millorar aquesta situació.

Es comença amb una revisió de les classificacions i de les definicions lligades a aquests mètodes, a més d'un repàs sobre quines institucions han fet esment d'aquest tema. Es segueix amb una proposta de classificació d'aquests mètodes i, finalment, es defineixen aquells paràmetres de qualitat que es consideren més importants en la validació.

En les tres aplicacions pràctiques presentades es descriuen les característiques intrínseques del mètode d'anàlisi qualitativa. Després, es defineixen els paràmetres que s'adeqüen millor als requeriments del mètode i, finalment, es proposa un protocol de validació que permet el seu establiment.

El cas de la revisió de les classificacions i definicions emprades en aquest àmbit, com en el cas de la presentació de les contribucions corresponents a diferents institucions, s'han traduït en dues publicacions que s'adjunten en la tesi. Pel que fa a les aplicacions pràctiques, una d'elles també s'inclou com a article publicat i les altres dues, s'inclouen com a articles acceptats.
The chemical information about the composition of a sample can be of different nature: which species are in the sample, their concentration or if they are structurally related, etc.
In order to fit any of these requirements, either a qualitative or a quantitative analytical method may be used. If the aim is to identify species, a qualitative method will suit the problem at hand. These types of methods have been recently studied and nowadays are being increasingly used in several fields of analysis. For example, it is common to use qualitative methods as far as food analysis is concerned.
On the contrary, if the aim is to quantify one or more analytes of a sample, a quantitative method will be very useful.

This thesis has focused on qualitative analytical methods because they provide several advantages and they are being increasingly used. These types of methods can screen samples according to the presence or absence of certain analytes with regard to a pre-set level of concentration. That is to say, they are used as a step before the quantitative method and results in lower analysis time and costs because analyte quantification is not required in all situations.
There are some particular analysis fields where qualitative methods are used as routine methods. Therefore, analyte quantification is not always necessary.

Moreover, it is also important to provide reliable results, that is to say, to assure that the method performs with reliability. Any analytical method must have its requirements and its analytical properties previously defined, and their values must be proven. To confirm that the requirements and the analytical properties are the right ones and to confirm that they have the right values is to validate the analytical method. This is a necessary condition to use an analytical method. In this sense, the reliability of the results given to the clients or to the users is assured. Moreover, the ISO Standard 17025 strongly encourages method validation.
Method validation has focused on quantitative methods. Therefore and as a result, there are more standards or guidelines addressed to quantitative methods validation. These guidelines are commonly used by several communities of practitioners. However, there is no generally accepted standard or validation procedure addressed to qualitative methods. In this sense, this thesis aims to contribute with the development of several validation procedures.

The starting point is to provide an overview as a result of a bibliographic search concerning qualitative methods validation. This overview includes the criteria existing for qualitative methods classification as well as the institutions committed the validation of these methods. After that, a classification of these methods is suggested and the most relevant performance parameters in the validation process are defined.
The subsequent practical applications describe the intrinsic characteristics of the corresponding qualitative analytical method. After that, the performance parameters that best fit the requirements and the characteristics of the method are defined and, finally, a validation strategy is proposed. Bear in mind, that the strategy considers the intrinsic characteristics of the analytical method.

The overview including relevant aspects such as qualitative methods classification, performance parameters definitions and the institutions committed to qualitative method validation, among others, are presented as two publications included in the thesis. Regarding the three practical applications, they are presented as three accepted papers.

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17

Fischer, Georg. "Qualitative Unschärferelationen und Jacobi-Polynome." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979158583.

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18

Rozenberg, Daniel. "Qualitative repository analysis with RepoGrams." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54495.

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Анотація:

The availability of open source software projects has created an enormous opportunity for empirical evaluations in software engineering research. However, this availability requires that researchers judiciously select an appropriate set of evaluation targets and properly document this rationale. This selection process is often critical as it can be used to argue for the generalizability of the evaluated tool or method. To understand the selection criteria that researchers use in their work we systematically read 55 research papers appearing in six major software engineering conferences. Using a grounded theory approach we iteratively developed a codebook and coded these papers along five different dimensions, all of which relate to how the authors select evaluation targets in their work. Our results indicate that most authors relied on qualitative and subjective features to select their evaluation targets. Building on these results we developed a tool called RepoGrams, which supports researchers in comparing and contrasting source code repositories of multiple software projects and helps them in selecting appropriate evaluation targets for their studies. We describe RepoGrams's design and implementation, and evaluate it in two user studies with 74 undergraduate students and 14 software engineering researchers who used RepoGrams to understand, compare, and contrast various metrics on source code repositories. For example, a researcher interested in evaluating a tool might want to show that it is useful for both software projects that are written using a single programming language, as well as ones that are written using dozens of programming languages. RepoGrams allows the researcher to find a set of software projects that are diverse with respect to this metric. We also evaluate the amount of effort required by researchers to extend RepoGrams for their own research projects in a case study with 2 researchers. We find that RepoGrams helps software engineering researchers understand and compare characteristics of a project's source repository and that RepoGrams can be used by non-expert users to investigate project histories. The tool is designed primarily for software engineering researchers who are interested in analyzing and comparing source code repositories across multiple dimensions.
Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate

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19

Bozzer, Stephanie. "Youth empowerment, a qualitative study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ53093.pdf.

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20

Bone, Terrence. "Qualitative stability properties of matrices /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5786.

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21

Chan, Chee Seng. "Fuzzy qualitative human motion analysis." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494009.

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Анотація:

Human motion analysis is a very important task for computer vision with a spectrum of potential applications. This thesis presents a novel approach to the problem of human motion understanding. The main contribution of the thesis is that fuzzy qualitative description has been developed for studying human motion from image sequences.

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22

Al-Ballaa, Hind Rasheed. "Diagnosis via Qualitative parameter estimation." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493495.

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This thesis presents an approach for qualitative model based fault diagnosis via parameter estimation. Estimating parameters qualitatively in this research is based on the relationships among involved qualitative quantities. To maintain the consistency of ordinal relationships an inequality reasoner is developed. Existing inequality reasoners (or commonly in the AI community referred to as quantity lattices) infer relationships between quantities involved in a system (qualitative or quantitative) based on the real values associated with them. The novel feature of our inequality reasoner is that it infers and maintains relationships among pure qualitative quantities. Inferring ordinal relationships between sign based quantities removes the traditional drawback of qualitative domain, the lack of discriminating power.

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23

Beck, David John. "Qualitative fastener standards: procurement issues." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27230.

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24

Keller, Uwe E. "Qualitative model reference adaptive control." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/592.

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25

Inants, Armen. "Qualitative calculi with heterogeneous universes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAMO10/document.

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Représentation et raisonnement qualitatifs fonctionnent avec des relations non-numériques entre les objets d'un univers. Les formalismes généraux développés dans ce domaine sont basés sur différents types d'algèbres de relations, comme les algèbres de Tarski. Tous ces formalismes, qui sont appelés des calculs qualitatifs, partagent l'hypothèse implicite que l'univers est homogène, c'est-à-dire qu'il se compose d'objets de même nature. Toutefois, les objets de différents types peuvent aussi entretenir des relations. L'état de l'art du raisonnement qualitatif ne permet pas de combiner les calculs qualitatifs pour les différents types d'objets en un seul calcul.De nombreuses applications discriminent entre différents types d'objets. Par exemple, certains modèles spatiaux discriminent entre les régions, les lignes et les points, et différentes relations sont utilisées pour chaque type d'objets. Dans l'alignement d'ontologies, les calculs qualitatifs sont utiles pour exprimer des alignements entre un seul type d'entités, telles que des concepts ou des individus. Cependant, les relations entre les individus et les concepts, qui imposent des contraintes supplémentaires, ne sont pas exploitées.Cette thèse introduit la modularité dans les calculs qualitatifs et fournit une méthodologie pour la modélisation de calculs qualitatifs des univers hétérogènes. Notre contribution principale est un cadre basé sur une classe spéciale de schémas de partition que nous appelons modulaires. Pour un calcul qualitatif engendré par un schéma de partition modulaire, nous définissons une structure qui associe chaque symbole de relation avec un domaine et codomain abstrait à partir d'un treillis booléen de sortes. Un module d'un tel calcul qualitatif est un sous-calcul limité à une sorte donnée, qui est obtenu par une opération appelée relativisation à une sorte. D'un intérêt pratique plus grand est l'opération inverse, qui permet de combiner plusieurs calculs qualitatifs en un seul calcul. Nous définissons une opération appelée combinaison modulo liaison, qui combine deux ou plusieurs calculs qualitatifs sur différents univers, en fonction de quelques relations de liaison entre ces univers. Le cadre est suffisamment général pour soutenir la plupart des calculs spatio-temporels qualitatifs connus
Qualitative representation and reasoning operate with non-numerical relations holding between objects of some universe. The general formalisms developed in this field are based on various kinds of algebras of relations, such as Tarskian relation algebras. All these formalisms, which are called qualitative calculi, share an implicit assumption that the universe is homogeneous, i.e., consists of objects of the same kind. However, objects of different kinds may also entertain relations. The state of the art of qualitative reasoning does not offer a combination operation of qualitative calculi for different kinds of objects into a single calculus.Many applications discriminate between different kinds of objects. For example, some spatial models discriminate between regions, lines and points, and different relations are used for each kind of objects. In ontology matching, qualitative calculi were shown useful for expressing alignments between only one kind of entities, such as concepts or individuals. However, relations between individuals and concepts, which impose additional constraints, are not exploited.This dissertation introduces modularity in qualitative calculi and provides a methodology for modeling qualitative calculi with heterogeneous universes. Our central contribution is a framework based on a special class of partition schemes which we call modular. For a qualitative calculus generated by a modular partition scheme, we define a structure that associates each relation symbol with an abstract domain and codomain from a Boolean lattice of sorts. A module of such a qualitative calculus is a sub-calculus restricted to a given sort, which is obtained through an operation called relativization to a sort. Of a greater practical interest is the opposite operation, which allows for combining several qualitative calculi into a single calculus. We define an operation called combination modulo glue, which combines two or more qualitative calculi over different universes, provided some glue relations between these universes. The framework is general enough to support most known qualitative spatio-temporal calculi

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26

Paulus, Trena. "Qualitative Research With Digital Tools." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7855.

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Анотація:

The nature of qualitative research design for second language learning has changed considerably with recent technological developments. This workshop introduces participants to how digital tools can be harnessed to create innovative workflows to support the entire research process. This includes becoming networked scholars through a variety of social media platforms; engaging in a paperless literature review process; generating data from online sources and mobile apps; transcribing with artificial intelligence applications; adopting appropriate data analysis software; and representing findings in ways that will reach the intended audience. Not only will participants gain a comprehensive introduction to the most recent digital tool developments as they apply to qualitative research, but, through detailed demonstrations, they will also learn how to analyze the affordances and constraints of such tools as well as the ethical implications of their use. Course materials will be drawn from the instructor’s forthcoming book, Doing Qualitative Research with Digital Tools(Sage, 2020). Topics to be covered will include (with tool examples): Networking through academic social media platforms (Google Scholar profiles, ORCID and ResearchGate) Developing a paperless literature review process using cloud storage (Dropbox), citation management software (Mendeley), annotating apps (GoodReader), and QDAS tools (ATLAS.ti 8) Collecting data through mobile apps (Evernote), social media sites (Twitter), and GeoDocs (Google Earth) Transcribing in ways that synchronize the media file with the text (Youtube), harness the capabilities of artificial intelligence (Otter.ai) and enable “hands-free” transcription (Google Voice) Selecting an appropriate qualitative data analysis software package (e.g. ATLAS.ti) Writing and representing findings in innovative ways (Authorea, Google Docs) The purpose of the workshop is to provide participants with a comprehensive demonstration (rather than a step-by-step tutorial), of how digital tools can support efficient and effective methodological workflows. Laptops will be useful for exploring some of the software applications and online resources, but are not required.

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27

Thieffry, Denis. "Qualitative analysis of gene networks." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211775.

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28

Bidégaray-Fesquet, Brigitte. "Analyse qualitative d'equations d'ondes dispersives." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112126.

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Cette these comporte trois parties traitant differents aspects de l'etude des equations d'ondes dispersives. Les modeles etudies ont tous une origine physique. La premiere partie est consacree a l'etude du probleme de cauchy pour un systeme de zakharov non local. On effectue egalement l'etude de la limite lorsque la vitesse de la lumiere tend vers l'infini. Les solutions de cette equation tendent vers celle de l'equation de schrodinger. La seconde partie concerne la construction de mesures invariantes par le flot de systemes hamiltoniens verifiant certaines hypotheses. On explicite ensuite les applications a des systemes tels l'equation non lineaire de schrodinger ou l'equation des ondes, ainsi qu'a des schemas numeriques. La troisieme partie traite du probleme de cauchy pour differentes equations de type schrodinger issues de modelisations en optique non lineaire. On etudie plus particulierement les systemes de maxwell-bloch et de maxwell-debye

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29

Woon, Mei Y. "Applying qualitative reasoning to finance." Thesis, Aston University, 1989. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10646/.

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Qualitative reasoning has traditionally been applied in the domain of physical systems, where there are well established and understood laws governing the behaviour of each `component' in the system. Such application has shown that it is possible to produce models which can be used for explaining and predicting the behaviour of physical phenomena and also trouble-shooting. The principles underlying the theory ensure that the models are robust and exhibit consistent behaviour under all conditions. This research examines the validity of applying the theory in the financial domain where such laws may not exist or if they do, may not be universally applicable. In particular, it investigates how far these principles and techniques may be applied in the construction of financial analysis models. Because of the inherent differences in the nature of these two domains, it is argued that a different qualitative value system ought to be employed. The dissertation enlarges on the constraints this places on model descriptions and the effect it may have on the power and usefulness of the resulting models. It also describes the implementation of a system that investigates the implications of applying this theory by way of testing it on situations drawn from both text-books and published financial information.

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30

Darwich, Mohamad. "Etude qualitative de modèles dispersifs." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4004/document.

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Анотація:

Dans cette thèse nous nous intéressons aux propriétés qualitatives des solutions de quelques équations d’ondes en milieux dispersifs ou dispersifs-dissipatifs. Dans le premier chapitre, nous étudions l’explosion de solutions dans le régime log-log et l’existence globale pour le problème de Cauchy de l’équation de Schrödinger L2-critique amortie. Dans un second chapitre, nous considérons l’équation de Schrödinger L2-critique avec un amortissement non linéaire. Selon la puissance du terme d’amortissement, nous montrons l’existence globale ou l’explosion en régime log-log. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous étudions le problème de Cauchy pour l’équation de Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Burgers-I (KPBI) en deux dimensions,nous montrons que le problème est localement bien posé dans Hs(R2) pour tout s > -½, et que l’existence est globale dans L2(R2) sans aucune condition sur la donnée initiale. Dans le dernier chapitre, nous considèrons l’équation d’Ostrovsky sur le cercle, et nous construisons des mesures invariantes par le flot selon les quantitées conservées par cette équation
This thesis deals with the qualitative properties of solutions to some wave equations in dispersive or dispersive-dissipative media. In the first chapter, we study the blowup in the log-log regime and global existence of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the L2-critical damped nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In the second chapter, we consider the Cauchy problem for the L2-critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a nonlinear damping. According to the power of the damping term, we prove the global existence or the existence of finite time blowup dynamics with a log-log blow-up law. In the third chapter, we study the Cauchy problem for the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Burgers-I (KPBI) equations in two dimensions. We show that the problem is locally and globally well posed in Hs(R2) for any s > -½ , and that the existence is global in L2(R2) without any condition on the initial data. In the last chapter, we consider the Ostrovsky equation on the circle. We construct invariant measures under the flow for the conserved quantities of the equation

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31

Travers, Anthony J. "Interval-based qualitative spatial reasoning." Thesis, Curtin University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1086.

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Анотація:

The role of spatial reasoning in the development of systems in the domain of Artificial Intelligence is increasing. One particular approach, qualitative spatial reasoning, investigates the usage of abstract representation to facilitate the representation of and the reasoning with spatial information.This thesis investigates the usage of intervals along global axes as the under-lying representational and reasoning mechanism for a spatial reasoning system. Aspects that are unique to representing spatial information (flow and multi-dimensionality) are used to provide a method for classifying relations between objects at multiple levels of granularity. The combination of these two mechanisms (intervals and classification) provide the basis for the development of a querying system that allows qualitative queries about object relations in multi-dimensional space to be performed upon the representation.The second issue examined by this thesis is the problem of representing intervals when all the interval relations may not be known precisely. A three part solution is proposed. The first shows how the simplest situation, where all relations are explicit and primitive, can be represented and integrated with the above mentioned querying system. The second situation demonstrates how, for interval relations that are primitive but are not all explicitly known, an effective point based representation may be constructed. Finally, when relations between intervals are disjunctions of possible primitive interval relations, a representation is presented which allows solutions to queries to be constructed from consistent data.Our contribution is two-fold:1. a method of classifying the spatial relations and the means of querying these relations;2. a process of efficiently representing incomplete interval information and the means of efficiently querying this information.The work presented in this thesis demonstrates the utility of a multi-dimensional qualitative spatial reasoning system based upon intervals. It also demonstrates how an interval representation may be constructed for datasets that have variable levels of information about relationships between intervals represented in the dataset.

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32

Travers, Anthony J. "Interval-based qualitative spatial reasoning." Curtin University of Technology, School of Computing, 1998. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=9539.

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Анотація:

The role of spatial reasoning in the development of systems in the domain of Artificial Intelligence is increasing. One particular approach, qualitative spatial reasoning, investigates the usage of abstract representation to facilitate the representation of and the reasoning with spatial information.This thesis investigates the usage of intervals along global axes as the under-lying representational and reasoning mechanism for a spatial reasoning system. Aspects that are unique to representing spatial information (flow and multi-dimensionality) are used to provide a method for classifying relations between objects at multiple levels of granularity. The combination of these two mechanisms (intervals and classification) provide the basis for the development of a querying system that allows qualitative queries about object relations in multi-dimensional space to be performed upon the representation.The second issue examined by this thesis is the problem of representing intervals when all the interval relations may not be known precisely. A three part solution is proposed. The first shows how the simplest situation, where all relations are explicit and primitive, can be represented and integrated with the above mentioned querying system. The second situation demonstrates how, for interval relations that are primitive but are not all explicitly known, an effective point based representation may be constructed. Finally, when relations between intervals are disjunctions of possible primitive interval relations, a representation is presented which allows solutions to queries to be constructed from consistent data.Our contribution is two-fold:1. a method of classifying the spatial relations and the means of querying these relations;2. a process of efficiently representing incomplete interval information and the means of efficiently querying this information.The work presented ++
in this thesis demonstrates the utility of a multi-dimensional qualitative spatial reasoning system based upon intervals. It also demonstrates how an interval representation may be constructed for datasets that have variable levels of information about relationships between intervals represented in the dataset.

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Baccari, Ivana Oliveira Preto 1977. "O texto narrativo na pesquisa qualitativa em saúde : referencial metodológico e instrumental." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313040.

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Анотація:

Orientador: Rosana Teresa Onocko Campos
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T14:24:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Baccari_IvanaOliveiraPreto_M.pdf: 1579922 bytes, checksum: 195b5377fa4df5671e2d6b27b8d4d98f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: Estudo conceitual sobre o uso de narrativas em Saúde. Parte-se de um panorama sobre paradigmas usados na Saúde Coletiva para, em seguida, aprofundar-se na noção de narratividade como princípio epistêmico, seja apenas de forma instrumental ou como instância metodológica estruturada a partir do pensamento do filósofo Paul Ricoeur (1913-2005) - particularmente elaboradas nos livros Tempo e Narrativa (Tomo I, 1994), A Memória, A História, O Esquecimento (2012) e no artigo Documentos - Narratividad, fenomenología y hermenéutica, publicado na revista Anàlisi 25 (p. 189- 207, 2000). Discutem-se princípios da pesquisa qualitativa em Saúde Mental, defendendo-se as concepções de racionalidade e cientificidade em oposição à impertinência das de verdade absoluta e neutralidade para a construção científica
Abstract: A conceptual study of narratives in Health based on a panorama of paradigms used in Collective Health in order to, afterwards, deepen the notion of narrativity as an epistemological principal, be it in an instrumental manner or as a methodology structured on the ideas of the philosopher Paul Ricoeur (1913 - 2005) particularly developed in the books: Tempo e Narrativa (Temps et récit) (Volume I, 1994), A Memória, A História, O Esquecimento (La mémoire, l'histoire, l'oubli) (2012) and the paper Documentos - Narratividad, fenomenología y hermenéutica, published in the journal Anàlisi 25 (p. 189-207, 2000). The principles of qualitative research in Mental Health are discussed defending the conceptions of racionality and scientificity in oposition to the irrelevance of the absolute truth and neutrality for scientific construction
Mestrado
Política, Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde
Mestra em Saúde Coletiva

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34

Souza, Káren Mendes Jorge de. "Discurso sobre a tuberculose: significância por e para sujeitos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-07112012-155457/.

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O adoecimento por tuberculose é um processo subjetivo e interpenetrado por saberes, discursos e práticas, produzidos histórico-culturalmente na vida social e nutridos em um interdiscurso (sobre a doença e o doente), que afeta o modo como o sujeito significa a sua experiência. Neste estudo, sustentamo-nos no arcabouço teórico-metodológico da análise de discurso de matriz francesa, que busca a compreensão dos processos de produção de sentidos, na relação da língua com sua exterioridade histórica e social. Partindo do pressuposto de que há uma constituição linguístico-histórica do sujeito discursivo, o estudo objetivou investigar como os discursos sobre a tuberculose afetam a (des)construção identitária do sujeito, que perpassa as constituições subjetivas em seu processo de adoecimento. Utilizando a abordagem qualitativa, foram realizadas dezesseis entrevistas registradas em áudio, no período de agosto a outubro de 2009, com sujeitos em tratamento de tuberculose em um hospital público do município de João Pessoa, Estado da Paraíba. O corpus de análise foi constituído pelas entrevistas transcritas mais as produções artísticas dos participantes como representações de seu processo de adoecimento. No gerenciamento do material de linguagem bruto, utilizou-se o Software Atlas.ti, que nos auxiliou no processo anterior às análises discursivas. O projeto deste estudo foi submetido à apreciação de um Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, de acordo com as orientações da Resolução 196/96 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Ao relacionar a tuberculose a comportamentos excessivos, alcoolismo, fraqueza, vida urbana e drogadição, os sentidos produzidos pelos sujeitos entrevistados foram regidos por formações ideológicas que identificam a tuberculose como situação de desaprovação social. Observamos que as formações imaginárias, que remetem ao lugar desse sujeito doente como usuário do sistema de saúde produzem o seu apagamento, a sua interdição. Concluímos que a ênfase no simbólico, mediante os símbolos de estigma, que acentuam a visibilidade do doente de tuberculose como desviante ou sujeito \"especial\" é o mecanismo mais importante de manutenção da estigmatização da doença e do doente.
The tuberculosis illness is a subjective process pervaded by knowledge, discourses and practices produced historic-culturally in the social life and nurtured in an interdiscourse (about the illness and the patient), that affects how the subject interprets his experience. In this study we follow the French theoretical and methodological framework of discourse analysis matrix that strives to understand the meaning production processes in the language relationship with its historic and social exteriority. Assuming that there is linguistic-historical constitution of the discursive subject, the study aimed to investigate how the tuberculosis discourses affect the subject´s identity (de)construction that goes beyond the subjective constitutions in his disease process. Sixteen audio taped interviews using the qualitative approach were conducted with tuberculosis treatment subjects in a City of João Pessoa, Paraíba, public hospital, during the August - October 2009 period. The corpus of analysis consists of the transcribed interviews plus the participants\' artistic productions as representations of their illness. The Atlas.ti Software was utilized in the raw language material management which helped in the process prior to discourse analyses. The study design was submitted for assessment to a Committee for Research Ethics. By linking tuberculosis to excessive behaviors, alcoholism, weakness, urban life and drug addiction, the meanings produced by the interviewees were governed by ideological formations that identify tuberculosis as a situation of social disapproval. It was observed that the imaginary formations, which refer to the place of that sick person as user of the health system produced its effacement, its isolation. We conclude that the emphasis on the symbolic, by means of the symbols of stigma that accentuate the TB patient visibility as a \"deviant\" or special subject, is the most important mechanism in maintaining the stigmatization of the disease and the patient.

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Rufato, Lívia Sicaroni. "Significados atribuídos ao consumo de maconha por pessoas com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59141/tde-10112016-133000/.

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Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde a esquizofrenia é um transtorno incapacitante de curso crônico caracterizado pela presença de alucinações e delírios. Alguns trabalhos apontam que o uso de maconha em pessoas com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia pode agravar os sintomas positivos da doença enquanto age positivamente sobre os sintomas negativos. Estudos qualitativos têm surgido na área com o objetivo de compreender os significados que pessoas com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia atribuem ao uso da substância. Esses estudos trazem que essas pessoas possuem uma visão positiva a respeito do uso, que este proporcionaria a elas um estado de relaxamento e alívio de suas tensões, além de relatarem aumento de criatividade e o uso da maconha como forma de atingir um estado espiritual mais elevado, assumindo um caráter de automedicação. Nesse sentido o presente trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer os significados que pessoas com esquizofrenia atribuem ao uso de maconha. Para isso, foi realizado estudo qualitativo, com referencial metodológico clínico-qualitativo. Os participantes foram selecionados em um serviço público de saúde mental especializado em álcool e drogas do interior de São Paulo. Como instrumento de coleta de dados, utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. Os critérios de inclusão no estudo foram: estar em atendimento, ou ser oriundo do serviço selecionado; ter diagnóstico de esquizofrenia segundo a CID-10; fazer uso de maconha ou ter feito uso no ano anterior a entrevista; ter mais que 18 anos e não fazer uso de outra droga ilícita, como cocaína ou crack. Foram realizadas um total de 10 entrevistas. Os participantes da pesquisa eram todos do sexo masculino e tinham em média 28 anos de idade. Foram levantadas quatro categorias a partir da análise das entrevistas: a) Percepções a respeito do adoecimento, onde os participantes relatam o preconceito e estigma que envolve o diagnóstico e como alguns sintomas da esquizofrenia os incapacitam para atividades cotidianas; b) Uso de maconha, este iniciado, em sua maioria, na adolescência e sempre na companhia de amigos; c) Esquizofrenia e maconha, onde discursos relacionados sobre aumento de criatividade, capacidade de organizar o pensamento, vivências de espiritualidade e melhora na qualidade do sono se fizeram presentes e d) Tratamento, onde a busca pelo tratamento partia sempre de algum familiar. É importante conhecermos a visão dessas pessoas a respeito do uso de maconha para compreendermos o que sustenta a manutenção deste, além de fornecer novos elementos na construção de um olhar crítico sobre este fenômeno.
According to the World Health Organization schizophrenia is a disabling disorder of chronic course characterized by the presence of hallucinations and delusions. Some studies suggest that the use of marijuana in people diagnosed with schizophrenia may exacerbate the positive symptoms of the disease while it acts positively on the negative symptoms. Qualitative studies have emerged in the area with the goal of understanding the meanings that people diagnosed with schizophrenia attribute to the use of the substance. These studies bring those people have a positive vision regarding the usage, that this would provide them a state of relaxation and relief of the tension, as well as reporting an increase of creativity and the use of marijuana as a way to achieve a spiritual state higher, assuming a character of \"medication\". In this sense, the objective of this study was to understand the meanings that people with schizophrenia attributed to marijuana use. For this reason, a qualitative study was carried out, with a methodological clinical-qualitative. The participants were selected in a public service of mental health who specializes in alcohol and drug use in the interior of São Paulo. As an instrument of data collection, we used a script of semi-structured interview. Inclusion criteria were: being in service, or be from the selected service; have a diagnosis of schizophrenia according to ICD-10; make use of marijuana or having used the year before the interview; have more than 18 years and not make use of other illicit drugs such as cocaine or crack. a total of 10 interviews were conducted. The participants were all male and had an average age of 28. Four categories were raised from the analysis of the interviews: a) Perceptions about the illness, where participants reported prejudice and stigma surrounding the diagnosis and some symptoms of schizophrenia to incapacitate the daily activities; b) Marijuana use, this started, mostly in their teens and always in the company of friends; c) Schizophrenia and cannabis, where speeches related to increased creativity, ability to organize thought, spirituality experiences and improves the quality of sleep were present and d) Treatment, where the search for treatment always started from a family member. It is important to know the vision of these people about marijuana use to understand what supports the maintenance of this, in addition to providing new elements in building a critical look at this phenomenon.

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Falomir, Llansola Zoe. "Qualitative Distances and Qualitative Description of Images for Indoor Scene Description and Recognition in Robotics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/52897.

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Анотація:

The automatic extraction of knowledge from the world by a robotic system as human beings interpret their environment through their senses is still an unsolved task in Artificial Intelligence. A robotic agent is in contact with the world through its sensors and other electronic components which obtain and process mainly numerical information. Sonar, infrared and laser sensors obtain distance information. Webcams obtain digital images that are represented internally as matrices of red, blue and green (RGB) colour coordinate values. All this numerical values obtained from the environment need a later interpretation in order to provide the knowledge required by the robotic agent in order to carry out a task.

Similarly, light wavelengths with specific amplitude are captured by cone cells of human eyes obtaining also stimulus without meaning. However, the information that human beings can describe and remember from what they see is expressed using words, that is qualitatively.

The exact process carried out after our eyes perceive light wavelengths and our brain interpret them is quite unknown. However, a real fact in human cognition is that people go beyond the purely perceptual experience to classify things as members of categories and attach linguistic labels to them.

As the information provided by all the electronic components incorporated in a robotic agent is numerical, the approaches that first appeared in the literature giving an interpretation of this information followed a mathematical trend. In this thesis, this problem is addressed from the other side, its main aim is to process these numerical data in order to obtain qualitative information as human beings can do.

The research work done in this thesis tries to narrow the gap between the acquisition of low level information by robot sensors and the need of obtaining high level or qualitative information for enhancing human-machine communication and for applying logical reasoning processes based on concepts. Moreover, qualitative concepts can be added a meaning by relating them to others. They can be used for reasoning applying qualitative models that have been developed in the last twenty years for describing and interpreting metrical and mathematical concepts such as orientation, distance, velocity, acceleration, and so on. And they can be also understood by human-users both written and read aloud.

The first contributions presented are the definition of a method for obtaining fuzzy distance patterns (which include qualitative distances such as ‘near’, far’, ‘very far’ and so on) from the data obtained by any kind of distance sensors incorporated in a mobile robot and the definition of a factor to measure the dissimilarity between those fuzzy patterns. Both have been applied to the integration of the distances obtained by the sonar and laser distance sensors incorporated in a Pioneer 2 dx mobile robot and, as a result, special obstacles have been detected as ‘glass window’, ‘mirror’, and so on. Moreover, the fuzzy distance patterns provided have been also defuzzified in order to obtain a smooth robot speed and used to classify orientation reference systems into ‘open’ (it defines an open space to be explored) or ‘closed’.

The second contribution presented is the definition of a model for qualitative image description (QID) by applying the new defined models for qualitative shape and colour description and the topology model by Egenhofer and Al-Taha [1992] and the orientation models by Hernández [1991] and Freksa [1992]. This model can qualitatively describe any kind of digital image and is independent of the image segmentation method used. The QID model have been tested in two scenarios in robotics: (i) the description of digital images captured by the camera of a Pioneer 2 dx mobile robot and (ii) the description of digital images of tile mosaics taken by an industrial camera located on a platform used by a robot arm to assemble tile mosaics.

In order to provide a formal and explicit meaning to the qualitative description of the images generated, a Description Logic (DL) based ontology has been designed and presented as the third contribution. Our approach can automatically process any random image and obtain a set of DL-axioms that describe it visually and spatially. And objects included in the images are classified according to the ontology schema using a DL reasoner. Tests have been carried out using digital images captured by a webcam incorporated in a Pioneer 2 dx mobile robot. The images taken correspond to the corridors of a building at University Jaume I and objects with them have been classified into ‘walls’, ‘floor’, ‘office doors’ and ‘fire extinguishers’ under different illumination conditions and from different observer viewpoints.

The final contribution is the definition of a similarity measure between qualitative descriptions of shape, colour, topology and orientation. And the integration of those measures into the definition of a general similarity measure between two qualitative descriptions of images. These similarity measures have been applied to: (i) extract objects with similar shapes from the MPEG7 CE Shape-1 library; (ii) assemble tile mosaics by qualitative shape and colour similarity matching; (iii) compare images of tile compositions; and (iv) compare images of natural landmarks in a mobile robot world for their recognition.

The contributions made in this thesis are only a small step forward in the direction of enhancing robot knowledge acquisition from the world. And it is also written with the aim of inspiring others in their research, so that bigger contributions can be achieved in the future which can improve the life quality of our society.

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37

Jackson, Kirsti. "Qualitative methods, transparency, and qualitative data analysis software| Toward an understanding of transparency in motion." Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3621346.

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This study used in-depth, individual interviews to engage seven doctoral students and a paired member of their dissertation committee in discussions about qualitative research transparency and the use of NVivo, a Qualitative Data Analysis Software (QDAS), in pursuing it. The study also used artifacts (an exemplary qualitative research article of the participant's choice and the student's written dissertation) to examine specific researcher practices within particular contexts. The design and analysis were based on weak social constructionist (Schwandt, 2007), boundary object (Star, 1989; Star & Griesemer, 1989) and boundary-work (Gieryn, 1983, 1999) perspectives to facilitate a focus on: 1) The way transparency was used to coordinate activity in the absence of consensus. 2) The discursive strategies participants employed to describe various camps (e.g., qualitative and quantitative researchers) and to simultaneously stake claims to their understanding of transparency.

The analysis produced four key findings. First, the personal experiences of handling their qualitative data during analysis influenced the students' pursuit of transparency, long before any consideration of being transparent in the presentation of findings. Next, the students faced unpredictable issues when pursuing transparency, to which they responded in situ, considering a wide range of contextual factors. This was true even when informed by ideal types (Star & Griesemer, 1989) such as the American Educational Research Association (2006) guidelines that provided a framework for pursuing the principle of transparency. Thirdly, the QDAS-enabled visualizations students used while working with NVivo to interpret the data were described as a helpful (and sometimes indispensable) aspect of pursuing transparency. Finally, this situational use of visualizations to pursue transparency was positioned to re-examine, verify, and sometimes challenge their interpretations of their data over time as a form of self-interrogation, with less emphasis on showing their results to an audience. Together, these findings lead to a new conceptualization of transparency in motion, a process of tacking back and forth between situated practice of transparency and transparency as an ideal type. The findings also conclude with several proposals for advancing a transparency pedagogy. These proposals are provided to help qualitative researchers move beyond the often implicit, static, and post-hoc invocations of transparency in their work.

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38

Heilmann, Mirjam. "Gehörlose und Psychotherapie : eine qualitative Studie /." Zürich : Hochschule für Angewandte Psychologie, 2006. http://www.zhaw.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/psychologie/Downloads/Bibliothek/Arbeiten/D/d1905.pdf.

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39

White, Christine M. "Chronic fatigue syndrome : a qualitative investigation /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17733.pdf.

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40

Kepper, Gaby. "Qualitative Marktforschung : Methoden, Einsatzmöglichkeiten und Beurteilungskriterien /." Wiesbaden : DUV, Dt. Univ.-Verl, 1996. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=007139504&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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41

Schmidt-Rogge, Nicola. "Quantitative und qualitative Auswertung kieferorthopädischer Behandlungen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962326410.

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42

Ntlokwana, Nomalungelo. "Marital turnarounds : an exploratory qualitative study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/585.

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Анотація:

The purpose of this study was to study marital turnarounds by focusing on the exploration of the reasons for couples remarrying each other. A comprehensive approach based on human ecology provided a framework for exploring the reasons for marital turnarounds ranging from micro to macro level factors. Data was collected through six semi-structured interviews, with two African marital turnaround couples from the Nelson Mandela Metropole. Data analysis was carried out systematically through a stepwise process. Data verification and trustworthiness was also performed. Five major themes emerged from the data analysis of the interviews as follows: Culture and religious influences, individual influences, personal growth, family influences and the influence of friends. Culture and religion emerged as powerful theme in shaping decisions about marital turnaround. An important sub-theme was that, in a culture that continues to value marriage as a permanent commitment, spouses internalised the social and religious norm of marriage as a permanent commitment.

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DEL, CARMEN MOLLA GARCIA MARIA. "Describing scenes by qualitative spatial relations." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-142033.

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Анотація:

Abstract This thesis focuses on describing scenes by using qualitative spatial relations. Not all the spatial relations are suitable for describing the environment. For this reason a selection will first be made of the most appropriate relations for this task. Given these relations, descriptions for a number of the scenes will be generated. Based on these descriptions, patterns will be extracted. These patterns guide the design of a model which is able to generate new scenes with similar qualitative description. Finally some experiments will show the results of the model for different inputs.
Referat Denna avhandling fokuserar på att beskriva scener med hjälp av kvalitativa spatiala relationer, som t.ex. på och nära. Inte alla spatiala relationer är lämpliga för att beskriva omgivningen. Därför görs först ett urval av de mest lämpliga relationerna för denna uppgift. Genom att använda dessa relationer för att generera beskrivningar för ett antal olika scener, kan vissa mönster extraheras. Baserat pådessa mönster, kommer en generativ modell att skapas som kan generera nya metriska konfigurationer för scener med samma kvalitativa konfiguration. Slutligen presenteras några experiment som visar vad modellen genererar med olika indata.

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44

Gauthier, Frohlick Denise Marie Nicole. "Conscience de l'analphabète francophone, analyse qualitative." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0022/MQ31430.pdf.

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45

Listgarten, Jennifer. "Exploring Qualitative Probabilities for image understanding." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0011/MQ53388.pdf.

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46

Vasardani, Maria. "Qualitative Spatial Reasoning with Holed Regions." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2010. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/VasardaniM2009.pdf.

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47

Beam, Brent D. "Therapists' metacommunication strategies : a qualitative analysis /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1208144641&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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48

Shedden, Jason Patrick. "A qualitative approach to financial risk." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05092007-152751.

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Sicking, Peter. "Leben ohne Fernsehen : eine qualitative Nichtfernseherstudie /." Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/314710612.pdf.

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50

Rakovsky, Jozef. "Qualitative-portable to quantitative-laboratory LIBS." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825462.

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Анотація:

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) offers possibility for fast de- tection of sample composition without its preparation. For this reason it is attractive anywhere where the fast detection and no sample preparation are needed. As in many other branches the technical and scientific progress im- proves and spreads the possibilities of LIBS based devices and laboratory appa- ratuses. The time-resolved spectroscopy is allowed by spectrograph equipped with fast camera, broadband spectra can be acquired in single exposition by broadband spectrometers. Smaller and lighter laser sources together with com- pact spectrometers can be implemented to portable device and can be used out of laboratory. Computers offer quick data processing. The device named ChemCam installed on the NASA's next Mars rover, curiosity, is good exam- ple of high technology application in LIBS. However, there are still challenges and we hope that this work will be fruitful for anyone who is interested in the LIBS. The project of presented thesis was performed as a joint supervision project between the Department of Experimental Physics at Comenius University in Bratislava and Laboratiore Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne at Univer- sit ́e de Bourgogne in Dijon. The aim of the project was to join experience from both laboratories, experience in laser constructions from Dijon and experience with spectroscopy from Bratislava. The both are essential for LIBS. In Bratislava the work was coordinated by prof.Pavel Veis and it was fo- cused on LIBS under the laboratory conditions. The time-resolved broadband spectrometry was used in the research. In order to achieve required spectra, the spectral response of the optical system was determined which was later used for the corrections. The research of self-absorption phenomena started in the last period with aim to use this effect, usually considered as negative, for the composition determination. In Dijon the work was supervised by Dr. Olivier Musset and directed toward development of LIBS device which could be used out of laboratory. The small 6 7 laser which was previously developed in the laboratory was implemented in the device. The development was successfully finished and testing process began in the last period of the thesis. The geological samples have been used for the testing process which was performed in deep cooperation with geologists. The first chapter comprises a brief introduction to LIBS. It is divided into some parts about laser induced plasma, laser induced breakdown and evolution of the plasma after breakdown. The section dealing with local thermodynamic equilibrium is also included. The section describes importance of LTE and the possibilities to determine this state. The second chapter is dedicated to the developed portable LIBS device. In the introduction, different type of LIBS devices are presented with their possibilities. Then the portable device developed in Dijon is described part by part with brief characteristic of developed software. The device possibilities and limits are sketched in the last section of the chapter with respect to results obtained in the testing process. The third chapter deals with capabilities of LIBS apparatus which was set up in the laboratory. The process of spectral response measurement and its results are presented and consequently used in next sections in process of plasma parameters determination. The composition of used samples are determined by using of calibration free method with aim to choose proper location in the plasma for which results are the most representative. The last chapter includes introduction to the subject of self-absorption phenomena. The simple model and basic theory are presented with suggestion how to use the phenomena in positive way. The simple experiment and its results are presented at the end of the chapter together with discussion about the possibilities and perspectives of the suggested method.

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