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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Pyrotechnics composition"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 5 квітня 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "Pyrotechnics composition"

Gunaryo, Gunaryo, Anggaria Maharani, Anggito Budiman, Satria Aqilla Widyatama, Elda Pratita, and Shella Athaya Miwazuki. "Yellow-Flare Performance Improvement of PVC Addition into Mg-Sodium Nitrate-Based Pyrotechics." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2024): 66–71. https://doi.org/10.55749/ijcs.v3i2.60.

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Анотація:

Light pyrotechnics is one strategic defence equipment for civil and military purposes. Additives act as one of the factors that affect the flame in pyrotechnics. Additives were used to slow down the combustion rate so that the flare could burn for a long time without drastically reducing the flame performance of the flare. This study focused on the performance of pyrotechnic flames with variations of PVC as a density-increasing material because it was in the form of a polymer and had high-chlorine content, resulting in a mixture that is difficult to burn. The experiment results exhibited that pyrotechnics without PVC showed intensity with an emission spectrum of 577-585 nm, light intensity of 723-1184 lux, and burning rate of 3.22-3.31 g/s. Increasing the PVC additive composition to 1.5 gr showed emissions with a wavelength of 596-597 nm, decreased intensity from 91-183 lux, and a slower burning rate of 0.72-0.88 g/s. The use of PVC was effectively applied in the 1.76-10.21% fraction and was actively able to slow down the rate of combustion of pyrotechnic mixtures. Hence, PVC could slow down the burning rate and increase density. Adding PVC in yellow pyrotechnics would slow down the burning rate of the pyrotechnic sample with the side effect of reducing the brightness of the yellow color and the intensity of the light.

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Dujay, Richard C. "Manufacturing and Processing Techniques Affecting Morphology of Pyrotechnic Oxidizer Particles." Microscopy Today 9, no. 4 (May 2001): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500057266.

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In a pyrotechnic composition, the morphology (size, shape and surface features) of individual particles in the mixture influences both burn rate and the ease of ignition of the composition. Collectively, the larger, more rounded and smoother the particles, the lower the burn rate and the more difficult it is to ignite the composition. However, the purpose of the current investigation was only to catalogue some particle morphologies that may be useful in forensic identification of unconsumed or residual pyrotechnic evidence. In this study, potassium nitrate was chosen because of its common use in pyrotechnics and because of its similarity with other frequently used pyrotechnic oxidizers.All samples were prepared for scanning electron microscopy using a double-sided adhesive carbon disk applied to an aluminum post. Particles were mounted to the carbon disk and sputter coated with gold.

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Son, Nguyen Nam, Dam Quang Sang, and Nguyen Van Tinh. "Predicting composition of combustion products of the pyrotechnic based on Magnesium‐Teflon‐Viton." Vietnam Journal of Chemistry 60, S1 (November 2022): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vjch.202200070.

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AbstractDetermining the equilibrium composition of combustion products is important in studying high‐energetic materials such as explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics. This paper presents a theoretical method and computer program named CAL to predict the composition of combustion products of pyrotechnic mixture based on Magnesium‐Teflon‐Viton by the Gibbs free energy minimization principle. Computer program CAL was developed using the fmincon tool in MATLAB. The reliability of CAL was confirmed when comparing its calculation results with ones obtained by other software and experimental data.

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GOTFRID, S. D., D. B. MIKHALEV, A. V. BELIAKOV, and V. A. PETROV. "PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITIONS IN RED-BLUE COLOR SCHEME." Herald of Technological University 27, no. 9 (2024): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.55421/1998-7072_2024_27_9_85.

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In civil pyrotechnics, great priority in the development of pyrotechnic compositions is given to fireworks compositions. Along with the main subjective characteristics of any fireworks display - colorfulness and entertainment, the variety of colors is important. Classically, the primary colors used in such pyrotechnic products are red, yellow, green and blue. However, the color palette of fireworks compositions is much wider and new color solutions are required to increase the entertainment value of firework displays. Of particular interest is the development of pyrotechnic compositions in the field of transitional colors. The most spectacular, and therefore the most popular and expensive, are fireworks of purple and violet shades, representing the red-blue color scheme: lilac, purple, violet. Currently, more than forty formulations of pyrotechnic compositions are known, which, when burned, formed flames of these shades. All these compositions are developed on the basis of the composition of red fire with the introduction of an additive that colors the flame blue. Using the example of the composition of lilac fire, the work shows the possibility of obtaining pyrotechnic tribes of transitional colors by mixing pyrotechnic compositions having different emission spectra. A new technology for these compositions has been proposed by rolling followed by molding by continuous pressing. It has been shown that the main color characteristics of compositions prepared using the new technology are not inferior to compositions processed using traditional powder technology. It has been established that the color characteristics of the flame obey the basic laws of mixing monochromatic radiation. The presented results of research into pyrotechnic compositions of red and blue colors based on cellulose nitrates, a copolymer of polyvinyl chloride with vinylacetate, as well as ammonium perchlorate, produced by blind and through pressing methods, can contribute to a significant expansion of the color range of pyrotechnic compositions, unification of technologies and reduction in the cost of fireworks.

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Aimasheva, Zh, D. V. Ismailov, V. F. Grishenko, S. Bellucci, G. Partizan, and T. B. Koshtibayev. "MICRO- AND NANOMICROMATERIALS IN PYROTECHNICS." Herald of the Kazakh-British technical university 21, no. 2 (July 2, 2024): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55452/1998-6688-2024-21-2-229-237.

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Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, which play an unrivaled role in enhancing the performance and safety of pyrotechnic substances, carbon nanomaterials have garnered significant interest from researchers in recent years. In this paper, carbon nanostructures prepared by electric arc synthesis are identified as C60 and C70 fullerene carbon blacks. The carbon black particles derived from the synthesized fullerenes exhibit a porous and rough morphology, with sizes ranging from 32 to 190 nm. The experimental results indicate the potential use of synthesized fullerene soot as a constituent component of pyrotechnic composites. The dependence of pyrotechnic composite compositions on combustion time has been determined by selecting potassium nitrate, nanoscale fullerenes, composite carbon blacks, wood coals, and aluminum fillers as matrix materials. According to the findings, the combustion time of the composite composition increases as the content of fullerene soot in the pyrotechnic composite composition increases.

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Седнев, В. А., П. А. Аляев та Ан В. Седнев. "СИСТЕМА ПОДГОТОВКИ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ ПИРОТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ ПОДРАЗДЕЛЕНИЙ". Проблемы безопасности и чрезвычайных ситуаций, № 2 (1 березня 2023): 80–97. https://doi.org/10.36535/0869-4176-2023-02-10.

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Обоснованы структура и состав системы подготовки специалистов пиротехнических подразделений МЧС России, основные модели подготовки специалиста-пиротехника, что позволило разработать основные положения по оценке эффективности системы подготовки специалистов пиротехнических подразделений, позволяющие повысить эффективность управлению ею. Оценка эффективности предлагаемой системы подготовки специалистов-пиротехников должна учитывать отдельные её подсистемы, особенно материально-техническую базу подготовки, что обеспечит качество подготовки пиротехников и безопасность их деятельности. Показано, что учебно-материальная база вносит основной вклад в формирование у специалиста-пиротехника профессиональных навыков и умений, обоснованы требования к учебно-материальной базе, при оценке которой требуется учитывать обеспеченность необходимой техникой и средствами, их эксплуатационное состояние и готовность к использованию по назначению. Разработанные теоретические положения учитывают особенности функциональной и структурной организации системы подготовки специалистов пиротехнических подразделений, позволяют обосновать её количественные и качественные характеристики, минимизировать затраты на ее содержание, и, в целом, повысить эффективность управления системой подготовки специалистов пиротехнических подразделений, контроля за формированием учебно-материальной базы, за использованием финансовых и материальных средств, привлекаемых для подготовки пиротехников. The structure and composition of the system of training specialists of pyrotechnic units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, the main models of training a pyrotechnic specialist are substantiated, which made it possible to develop basic provisions for evaluating the effectiveness of the system of training specialists of pyrotechnic units, allowing to increase the efficiency of its management. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed system of training pyrotechnics specialists should take into account its individual subsystems, especially the material and technical base of training, which will ensure the quality of training pyrotechnics and the safety of their activities. It is shown that the educational and material base makes the main contribution to the formation of professional skills and abilities of a pyrotechnic specialist, the requirements for the educational and material base are justified, when assessing which it is necessary to take into account the availability of necessary equipment and facilities, their operational condition and readiness for use for their intended purpose. The developed theoretical provisions take into account the features of the functional and structural organization of the system of training specialists of pyrotechnic units, allow us to substantiate its quantitative and qualitative characteristics, minimize the costs of its maintenance, and, in general, improve the efficiency of the management of the system of training specialists of pyrotechnic units, control over the formation of the educational and material base, the use of financial and material resources. funds raised for the training of pyrotechnics.

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Siregar, Fuad Idris, Agus Eko Prasojo, Shavira Triana Julianingrum, Desi Rahma Yanti Aulia, Sophia Nafisa Wardha, and Mutiara Gita. "Light Pyrotechnics Using Gunpowder Derived from Fly Ash Bottom Ash (FABA) Waste and Activated Carbon." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.55749/ijcs.v3i1.42.

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Pyrotechnic materials are a category of materials that are often used in various applications, including military activities, lighting, signaling, and combat effects. In this study, an experiment was conducted to create a light pyrotechnic material using gunpowder, which is a mixture of potassium nitrate, sulfur, and activated carbon. The manufacturing process involved the activation of carbon from fly ash bottom ash (FABA) waste and the composition of different pyrotechnic materials. The experiment involved testing pyrotechnic compositions with varying ratios of KNO3 : carbon : sulfur. The results showed that the composition with a ratio of 15 : 7.5 : 7.5 produced the highest light intensity, reaching 104 lux, and provided optimal visual effects. In addition, the relative proportions of oxidizer, carbon and sulfur affected the type of pyrotechnic effect produced. Pyrotechnic light generation from gunpowder could be considered successful, and the best composition for spectacular visual effects was a ratio of 15 : 7.5 : 7.5. However, sufficient caution and knowledge were required in the use of pyrotechnic materials to ensure safety and compliance with applicable regulations.

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Ahmad, Sheikh?Rafi, and David?Anthony Russell. "Laser Ignition of Pyrotechnics - Effects of Wavelength, Composition and Confinement." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 30, no. 2 (April 2005): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.200400095.

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Wang, Tingwei, Jinyang Zhou, Qi Zhang, Lin Zhang, Shunguan Zhu, and Yan Li. "Novel 3D cesium(i)-based EMOFs of nitrogen-rich triazole derivatives as “green” orange-light pyrotechnics." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 4 (2020): 1278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj03577j.

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BRYGIN, Yu P. "Unresolved issues in pyrotechnic activities as an objective cause of emergency incidents." Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination 2 (2024): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25257/fe.2024.2.13-22.

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Purpose. Analysis of pyrotechnic activities various types, both licensed and unlicensed, supposes the need to assess modern requirements of regulatory documents governing the turnover of pyrotechnics in the country. How fully do they meet the requirements for the safe implementation of such activity for personnel, spectators, the surrounding infrastructure and exclude the causes of emergency incidents? Methods. The author has analyzed legal acts and regulatory documents governing the licensing of the production, storage and use of technical pyrotechnics, as well as the turnover of pyrotechnic products permitted for retail sale to the public. The causes of fires and explosions have been studied and summarized according to the sources of EMERCOM and mass media. Information from scientific sources on the basics of pyrotechnics has been analyzed. Findings. The imperfection of regulatory documents specific requirements for the conditions for carrying out pyrotechnic activities, training personnel and chiefs has been established. The main objective reasons for tragic incidents that have occurred over the past decades were identified: 1) legalized control loss over the turnover of pyrotechnics in the country; 2) lack of a unified set of rules for working with pyrotechnic materials for technical (professional) purposes; 3) the insufficient level of basic knowledge about pyrotechnic compositions and products based on them among personnel and chiefs of fireworks shows, as well as lack of licensing requirements for the education of the latter. The dangerous nature of the household pyrotechnics Internet sales through marketplace trading platforms is substantiated. Their specific violations of the Fire Regulations in the Russian Federation are indicated. Research application field. Measures are proposed in the field of pyrotechnic activities regulatory documents, state control in this area and retail trade in pyrotechnics. Conclusions. Pyrotechnic activity is a field of entrepreneurship where the conditions for licensing should not be weakened and there should not be chances for free wholesale and retail trade for anyone without any restrictions. Real state control should not be absent here, even for a temporary period.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Pyrotechnics composition"

Violet, Alix. "Modélisation de la combustion de compositions pyrotechniques : approche par traitement d'images et simulation numérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ORLE1078.

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Анотація:

Les compositions pyrotechniques sont des matériaux énergétiques composites dont la combustion provoque divers effets tels que la production de lumière, de fumée, de son ou encore de chaleur. Cette diversité les rend très versatiles, et leur permet de trouver des applications multiples, tant civiles que militaires. Constituées d'un mélange granulaire d'au minimum un oxydant et un réducteur, leurs caractéristiques de combustion sont modifiables aux travers de nombreux facteurs : la nature et la composition du mélange, la taille des particules, le taux de compaction ou encore méthode de fabrication. Chacun de ces paramètres influence la structuration de la composition en générant des variations locales de richesse en réactifs plus ou moins favorables à la propagation de la combustion. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif le développement d'un modèle numérique intégrant l'effet de l'anisotropie grâce à des techniques de traitement d'images. À la suite d'un bref état de l'art sur les compositions pyrotechniques, le développement d'un modèle différenciant les grains d'oxydant et de réducteur est présenté. Ce modèle intègre deux réactions couplées à des phénomènes de transport de matière : l'oxydant se décompose en libérant de l'oxygène, qui diffuse au sein du matériau avant de réagir avec le réducteur. Une étude paramétrique a permis d'identifier deux régimes distincts, caractérisés grâce au nombre de Damköhler. Finalement, des compositions sous formes de pastilles ont été fabriquées et caractérisées. Des images de microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB) de leur surface ont été utilisées pour développer des cartographies 2D de la répartition des constituants grâce à des techniques de traitement d'images. Ces cartographies ont ensuite été utilisés pour initialiser les concentrations dans les domaines de calcul du modèle. Leur diffusivité thermique a été calculée numériquement et comparées à des mesures expérimentales. Les simulations de combustion ont mis en évidence l'impact de la répartition locale des grains sur la propagation du front de combustion
Pyrotechnic compositions are composite energetic materials whose combustion produces various effects such as light, smoke, sound, or heat. This diversity makes them highly versatile, allowing for multiple applications in both civilian and military contexts. Composed of a granular mixture of at least one oxidizer and one reducer, their combustion characteristics can be modified by numerous factors: the nature and composition of the mixture, particle size, compaction rate, and manufacturing method. Each of these parameters influences the structuring of the composition by generating local variations in reactant concentration, which can be more or less favorable to the propagation of combustion. This thesis aims to develop a numerical model that incorporates the effect of anisotropy using image processing techniques.Following a brief review of the state of the art on pyrotechnic compositions, the development of a model differentiating between oxidizer and reducer grains is presented. This model incorporates two reactions coupled with mass transport phenomena: the oxidizer decomposes, releasing oxygen that diffuses within the material before reacting with the reducer. A parametric study helped identify two distinct regimes, characterized by the Damköhler number. Finally, compositions in the form of pellets were manufactured and characterized. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of their surfaces were used to develop 2D maps of the distribution of the constituents using image processing techniques. These maps were then used to initialize the concentrations in the model's computational domains. Their thermal diffusivity was calculated numerically and compared to experimental measurements. Combustion simulations highlighted the impact of the local grain distribution on the propagation of the combustion front

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Potgieter, Gerard. "Thermoplastic-based pyrotechnic compositions." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/58290.

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Conventional pyrotechnic time delays are based on powder mixtures pressed into tubes of precise lengths. Pyrotechnics based on filled polymer systems may offer some advantages. This includes continuous manufacture via extrusion processes. Thermoplastic-based pyrotechnic compositions can be formulated by filling conventional polymer matrices with oxidants such as potassium nitrate. More interesting are fluoropolymer matrices as these strong oxidants enable the design of non-gassing systems with suitable fuels. The presence of fillers dramatically increases the melt viscosity. The random packed limit for monodisperse spherical particles corresponds to a volume fraction of 0.637 (Krieger, 1959). Pyrotechnic compositions with oxidant filler volume fractions below this critical level are only viable for conventional polymers with very high C:H atomic ratios, e.g. polystyrene. Pyrotechnic compositions comprising of filled thermoplastics were simulated using EKVI thermodynamic software. This allowed for the calculation of the adiabatic flame temperatures, variation of the product composition and gas evolved with varied filler content. The EKVI thermodynamic simulations showed that polystyrene filled with potassium nitrate or potassium permanganate were unlikely to be viable as global maximum temperatures were not achieved below 78 vol.%. A fully fluorinated polymer filled with aluminium, magnesium, magnalium and calcium carbide were shown to be viable between 20 wt.% and 70 wt.% reducing agent. Co-polymers of tetrafluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride filled with aluminium or magnesium showed similar adiabatic temperatures as compositions based on perfluorinated polymers with the same reducing agents. The energy required to decompose the thermoplastic binder would, however, lower the amount of energy available for the pyrotechnic reaction. Open flame burn test showed that the polystyrene-based compositions did not generate enough energy to decompose the thermoplastic fraction to sustain chemical reaction. Viton B filled with calcium carbide could not sustain burning. Compositions using aluminium and magnalium with Viton B as oxidant sustained burning over the range 20 wt.% to 60 wt.%. The effect of morphology was tested by using two grades of aluminium; atomized aluminium, and flake-like aluminium particles. Energy measurements of Viton B filled with aluminium and magnalium indicated that the maximum energy output occurred in the range 30 wt.% to 40 wt.% fuel for aluminium-based compositions and between 40 wt.% and 50 wt.% for magnalium-based compositions. A maximum burn rate of 82 mm s1 was achieved using a magnalium/Viton B composition. Friction and impact test showed that the compositions are insensitive. XRD analysis of the combustion residue of Viton B-based compositions using aluminium as fuel showed that the most abundant products formed were Al4C3, AlF3, carbon and an amorphous phase. An elemental balance indicated that the amorphous phase consisted of carbon, aluminium and fluorine. The XRD spectra of the residues of magnalium-based compositions had unidentified reflections. Quantitative XRD was, therefore, not possible on the reaction products of the magnalium-based compositions. TGA analysis on the combustion residue indicated that the combustion residue contained unreacted reagents. Scanning electron microscopy of the reaction residue revealed the presence of agglomerated cubic particles. EDX analysis indicated that the cubic particles consisted of aluminium and fluorine.
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
AEL Mining Services
Chemical Engineering
MEng
unrestricted

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Grobler, Johannes Marthinus. "Fluoropolymer-based 3D printable pyrotechnic compositions." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/66199.

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The work herein covers the complete process for development, production and testing of a melt processable pyrotechnic composition, with the goal of using the composition as a printing material in a fused deposition modelling (FDM) type 3D printer. 3D printing is fast becoming an area of interest for energetic materials research. This is due to the role that geometry can play in combustion performance of a composition and 3D printing’s ability to produce a variety of complex designs. Melt processable fluoropolymers were selected as oxidisers. The polymers selected for the study were FK-800® and Dyneon 31508®. Both are co-polymers of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE). Aluminium was the choice fuel in this instance as it had better energetic performance than the alternatives investigated. It was also deemed to be a safer fuel when considering the combustion products. Hazardous combustion products like hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acid could be suppressed by increasing the fuel loading to 30 wt.%, thereby reducing the risks associated with burning the composition. Preliminary differential thermal analysis (DTA) analysis indicated that the compositions would only ignite above 400 °C which was well above the suggested processing temperature of 230 °C as determined from thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. These thermal analysis techniques indicated that the reactions were most likely a gas-solid reactions due to ignition temperatures being significantly lower than those associated with phase changes occurring in the fuels tested, yet above the decomposition temperatures for the oxidisers. ii Extrusion of the compositions proceeded with addition of LFC-1® liquid fluoroelastomer. This addition was made in order to order to lower the melt viscosity, thereby improving the quality of the filament produced. Compositions were extruded with an aluminium loading of 30 wt.%. Oxidiser and LFC-1® made up the rest of the mass with the LFC-1® contributions being either 7 wt.% or 14 wt.%. Burn rates, temperatures and ignition delays were all influenced by the addition of LFC-1® to the system. FK-800® was found to be a better oxidiser in this instance since its burn rates were consistent especially when compared to erratic nature of the Dyneon 31508® burns. Linear burn rates for the FK-800® increased from 15.9 mm·s−1 to 18.9 mm·s−1 with the increase in LFC-1® loading. Combustion temperature also increased by approximately 180 °C from 794 °C. Printing with the material was achieved only after significant alterations were made to the hot end used. Printing proceeded in a staged, start-stop manner. After each new layer of material was deposited the printer was cleared of material and the hot end was allowed to cool. If this procedure was not followed it led to significant preheating of the material within the feeding section of the extruder. This premature heating caused feeding problems due to softening and swelling of the material within the cold side of the hot end which led to blockages, leading to the conclusion that the composition was not compatible with the off-the-shelf hot end used in this study. Low quality printing could be achieved with both FK-800® and Dyneon 31508® compositions. This would suggest that slight compositional changes paired with the alterations made to the hot end could improve the quality of the prints to an extent that would be comparable to that of more commonplace printing materials.
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Chemical Engineering
MEng
Unrestricted

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Haq, Izhar Ul. "Dielectric breakdown and ignition of magnesium-teflon-viton compositions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309329.

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Tichapondwa, Shepherd Masimba. "Reactions of silicon with sulfate-based oxidizers used in pyrotechnic time delay compositions." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/56114.

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Chemical time delay detonators are used to control blasting operations in mines and quarries. Slow-burning Si-BaSO4 pyrotechnic delay compositions are employed for long time delays. However, soluble barium compounds may pose environmental and health risks. Hence it is necessary to consider replacing the barium sulfate with an alternative green oxidant that has similar burn properties. Anhydrous calcium sulfate was identified as a suitable, inexpensive alternative green oxidant. The initial part of the investigation focused on characterising the burn properties of the Si-CaSO4, as well as proposing a viable reaction mechanism for this composition. Thermochemical calculations indicated that stoichiometry corresponds to a composition that contains ca. 30 wt.% silicon (Si). Combustion was only supported in the range 30 70 wt.% Si. In this range the bomb calorimeter data and burn tests indicate that the reaction rate and energy output decrease with increasing silicon content. The compositions were filled into rigid aluminium elements and assembled into full detonators. Burn rates ranged from 6.9 to 12.5 mm s?1. The reaction product was a complex mixture that contained crystalline phases in addition to an amorphous calcium silicate phase. A reaction mechanism consistent with these observations is proposed. Slow-burning Si-BaSO4 pyrotechnic delay compositions are employed commercially for intermediate to long time delays. However, there is very little information on this composition available in the open literature. The reactivity of this composition was therefore characterised and compared with that of Si-CaSO4. The Si-BaSO4 composition supported combustion in the range of 20 to 60 wt.% Si in the bomb calorimeter. However, burning was only sustained between 20 and 40 wt.% Si in rigid aluminium tubes. The burn rates varied between 8.4 and 16 mm s?1. These values are comparable to those for the Si-CaSO4 system (6.9 12.5 mm s?1). However, the CaSO4-based formulations tended to have a higher energy output and produced a more pronounced transient pressure response than the barium sulfate compositions. Both the calcium sulfate- and barium sulfate-based formulations were insensitive to impact, friction and electrostatic discharge stimuli. The reaction products were a complex mixture that contained crystalline phases in addition to an amorphous phase. Although barium sulfate is insoluble in water and decidedly non-toxic, the reaction products produced by the Si-BaSO4 compositions were found to contain water-soluble barium compounds. This ranged from 50 to 140 mg Ba per gram of barium sulfate reacted. The burn rates of delay compositions used in detonators can be modified by varying a range of parameters in addition to the stoichiometry. With this in mind, the effect of additives and fuel particle size distribution on the burn rate of the silicon-calcium sulfate pyrotechnic delay compositions was investigated. The burn rate decreased with increase in fuel particle size, while the enthalpy remained constant. The addition of fuels to a base composition of 30 wt.% Si-CaSO4 increased the burn rate, with an increase from 12.5 mm s-1 to 43 mm s-1 being recorded on the addition of 10 wt.% Al. Ternary mixtures of silicon, calcium sulfate and an additional oxidiser generally decreased the burn rate. The exception was bismuth trioxide which increased it. The Si-CaSO4 formulation was found to be sensitive to the presence of inert material as the addition of as little as 1 wt.% of fumed silica stifled combustion in the aluminium tubes.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2016
Chemical Engineering
PhD
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Cowgill, Andrew William. "The viability of poly (chlorotrifluoroethylene-co-vinylidene fluoride) as an oxidiser in extrudable pyrotechnic compositions." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62771.

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In a push towards more environmentally friendly pyrotechnics, new greener pyrotechnic compositions need to be developed. A primary goal is to replace components such as lead, barium, and chromium in pyrotechnic compositions. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is a 3D printing/additive manufacturing method whereby a thin filament is passed through a heated nozzle, and extruded onto a substrate in successive layers. This method of manufacturing could be used to produce pyrotechnic time delays based on suitable “green” polymer/fuel mixtures. Fluoropolymers are an attractive oxidising system for pyrotechnic use as fluorine is highly reactive and reacts relatively easily with common metallic fuels such as aluminium and magnesium to release a large amount of energy. Fluoropolymers are already in use as oxidisers and binders, especially in infrared decoy flares. PTFE has found wide use in the pyrotechnics industry, but is not melt-processible. A similar fluoropolymer, poly(chloro-trifluoroethylene) (PCTFE) was considered instead. PCTFE differs from PTFE in that one of the fluorine atoms in the TFE monomer has been replaced by a chlorine atom. The larger chlorine atom interferes with the packing of the polymer chains during polymerisation and, as such, may make it easier to process than PTFE. It was found that pure PCTFE degraded heavily during processing and was therefore precluded from any further study. Melt-processible copolymers containing PCTFE are available from industry. These copolymers contain vinylidene fluoride (VDF) in addition to the CTFE i.e. poly(CTFE-co-VDF). Two grades of copolymer were obtained from 3M: FK-800® resin and Dyneon® 31508 resin. These two polymers contain different ratios of CTFE to VDF. FK-800® resin was successfully extruded and showed minimal signs of degradation. Pyrotechnic films, containing aluminium powder as the fuel, were cast with both polymers using solvent techniques. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was used to determine the ignition points of the compositions. All of the FK-800®-based compositions ignited at approximately 450 °C whilst all the Dyneon® 31508-based compositions ignited at approximately 400 °C. The energy output of the compositions was determined using bomb calorimetry. The experimental energy outputs of the FK-800®-based compositions correlated well with the predictions from the thermodynamic simulations. The maximum energy output, ~7.0 MJ∙kg1, occurred at a fuel loading between 30 – 35 wt.%. Except for one composition, the Dyneon® 31508-based compositions did not ignite in the bomb calorimeter. FK-800® was successfully extruded into a filament and showed minimal signs of degradation. In order to assess the impact of adding a solid filler on the mechanical properties and extrudability of the polymer, magnesium hydroxide was used as inactive model compound in place of aluminium. A filament of FK-800® and Mg(OH)2 was successfully compounded and produced using a filler loading of 30 wt.%. Compounding of the Dyneon 31508® with the magnesium hydroxide was unsuccessful. Addition of LFC-1® liquid fluoroelastomer improved the processibility of the Dyneon 31508® by lowering the melt viscosity.
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Chemical Engineering
MEng
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Opdebeck, Frédéric. "Etude numérique et expérimentale du transfert d'énergie laser à l'interface d'un système d'allumage et d'une composition pyrotechnique." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2045.

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Parmi les méthodes d'allumage, l'initiation par diode laser présente de nombreux avantages. Les diodes laser sont très fiables, leur encombrement et leur poids sont faibles, elles peuvent donc facilement être utilisées dans les systèmes embarqués d'ignition. L'opto-inflammateur est composé de deux lentilles qui focalisent le faisceau laser sur le comprimé. Un hublot en saphir, juxtaposé à la composition pyrotechnique, protège l'ensemble optique mais provoque des pertes de chaleur qui se traduisent par une augmentation des seuils d'énergie. Ce montage a été utilisé pour déterminer la sensibilité de trois mélanges : Fe/KlO4, B/KClO4 et B/KNO3. Sur ce dernier, un comportement particulier a été observé car il y a une augmentation de l'énergie d'ignition lorsque la puissance laser augmente. Un emodélisation, basée sur une absorption progressive du faisceau laser à l'intérieur d'une composition pyrotechnique réactive a été mise au point. Elle tient compte des échanges d'énergie entre le système d'amorçage et le comprimé. Deux paramètres d'interface permettent d'optimiser les calculs. L'un concerne les échanges de chaleur au niveau de l'interface hublot/comprimé, l'autre concerne l'absorption du faisceau laser par le matériau énergétique. En combinant ces deux termes, il a été possible de corroborer les seuils expérimentaux sur cinq mélanges pyrotechniques.

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Radenac, Erwan. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de l'allumage de compositions pyrotechniques par une diode laser." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2335.

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L'initiation thermique de la combustion de compositions pyrotechniques par une diode laser est un mode d'allumage alliant un niveau de fiabilite eleve a un faible encombrement spatial, ce qui autorise son utilisation dans des systemes embarques de haute precision. Les performances de l'allumeur sont etudiees en mesurant le seuil d'initiation et le delai d'allumage du melange pyrotechnique. Deux montages differents ont ete mis en place, le premier utilisant une fibre optique pour amener l'energie du laser jusqu'a la composition et le deuxieme un systeme de deux lentilles pour refocaliser l'energie sur la composition. Trois melanges pyrotechniques differents ont ete etudies dans la deuxieme configuration d'initiateur. L'etude des performances de l'initiateur a montre que la granulometrie du reducteur, la stoechiometrie du melange, le type d'allumeur et la porosite de la pastille agissent de maniere importante sur les parametres de l'allumage. En ce qui concerne la porosite, son effet peut etre inhibe par introduction d'opacifiant dans la masse de composition pyrotechnique. Afin de pouvoir mettre en evidence le parametre physique qui pilote l'initiation thermique par un laser, des analyses physico-chimiques et une modelisation de l'initiation thermique en phase solide ont ete entreprises. Les resultats de ces etudes ont montre que pour les quatre parametres influant sur l'initiation, c'est essentiellement ceux qui concernent l'aspect chimique qui permettent de justifier les tendances observees. De plus cette etude montre, qu'une bonne adequation entre les resultats de la modelisation et l'experience impose la determination des parametres cinetiques par une methode autre que l'analyse thermique de type dsc. Des moyens specifiques aux reactions pyrotechniques doivent alors etre utilises. C'est donc paradoxalement la cinetique chimique qui controle les parametres de l'allumage lorsqu'une composition pyrotechnique est initiee par un laser avec un effet thermique.

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Tarantik, Karina. "Investigation of New More Environmentally Benign, Smoke-reduced, Red- and Green-light Emitting Pyrotechnic Compositions Based on Nitrogen-rich Coloring Agents." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-118941.

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Ramangalahy, Jules. "Contribution a l'etude du vieillissement des compositions pyrotechniques : "le systeme zirconium-chromate de plomb"." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2017.

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Книги з теми "Pyrotechnics composition"

Lawton, B. Quantity-distance-burn relations for pyrotechnic compositions. Sudbury: HSE Books, 1999.

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Conkling, John A. Chemistry of pyrotechnics: Basic priniciples and theory. New York: M. Dekker, 1985.

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Yong, Leo de. A review of methods to determine the ignitability of pyrotechnic compositions. Ascot Vale, Vic: Dept. of Defence, Materials Research Laboratories, 1986.

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Schultz, Peder. Highly explosive pyrotechnic compositions: How to make them, how to use them. Boulder, Colo: Paladin Press, 1995.

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(Michael), Maksacheff M., Yong Leo de, and Materials Research Laboratories (Australia), eds. The kinetics and thermochemistry of the pyrotechnic composition BLC-190-Boron: Red lead oxide at its ignition temperature. Ascot Vale, Vic: Materials Research Laboratories, 1986.

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Yong, Leo de. A Comparison between several standard methods used to characterize the ignition/ignition transfer of pyrotechnic compositions - a collaborative study. Part 1, Data. Ascot Vale, Vic: Dept. of Defence, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Materials Research Laboratories, 1987.

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introductory practical pyrotechnics. Fllcon Fireworks, 1999.

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Notebook, Giga. Pyrotechnics Notebook : Lined, Soft Cover, Letter Size Notebook: Large Composition Book, Journal. Independently Published, 2020.

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Manual of Explosives, Military Pyrotechnics, Chemical Warfare Agents, Composition, Properties and Users. Gordon Pr Pubs, 1991.

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Preparatory Manual of Black Powder and Pyrotechnics Version 4. 0 Volume 2: Methods of Forming Pyrotechnic Compositions II. Independently Published, 2018.

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Частини книг з теми "Pyrotechnics composition"

Bose, Ajoy K. "Pyrotechnic Composition Sensitivity." In Military Pyrotechnics, 23–46. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003093404-2.

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Bose, Ajoy K. "Incendiary Compositions." In Military Pyrotechnics, 297–305. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003093404-15.

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Bose, Ajoy K. "Gunpowder Compositions." In Military Pyrotechnics, 361–70. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003093404-21.

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Bose, Ajoy K. "Photoflash Compositions." In Military Pyrotechnics, 247–52. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003093404-11.

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Bose, Ajoy K. "Simulating Compositions." In Military Pyrotechnics, 307–13. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003093404-16.

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Bose, Ajoy K. "Illuminating Compositions." In Military Pyrotechnics, 209–20. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003093404-8.

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Bose, Ajoy K. "Delay Compositions." In Military Pyrotechnics, 315–30. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003093404-17.

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Bose, Ajoy K. "Tracer Compositions." In Military Pyrotechnics, 235–46. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003093404-10.

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Bose, Ajoy K. "Riot Control Compositions." In Military Pyrotechnics, 289–96. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003093404-14.

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Bose, Ajoy K. "Signalling Flare Compositions." In Military Pyrotechnics, 221–33. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003093404-9.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Pyrotechnics composition"

Leon, David, David Bolonio, Isabel Amez, Roberto Paredes, and Blanca Castells. "LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS OF FIREWORKS: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND IMPROVEMENT OPPORTUNITIES." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24, 139–48. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/4.1/s17.18.

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The increasing focus on sustainability necessitates the examination of environmental impacts across all sectors, including pyrotechnics. Pollutant emissions have been extensively studied, but information on sustainability in the pyrotechnics sector is scarce. Thus, a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) to study two widely used pyrotechnic devices: bangers and shells was carried out, in order to analyze the environmental footprint and detect points where action can be taken. Using SimaPro software and the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) methodology, the analysis includes all the processes involved from the manufacture of the devices up to their use and end of life, including their distribution. Although the impact on climate change of the devices studied is minimal compared to other products in everyday use, the acquisition of raw materials and their distribution is the stage that contributes the most to the overall environmental impact (60%), while the use of hazardous raw materials, especially potassium perchlorate, and plastics as containers for pyrotechnic compositions, also present important environmental problems. Therefore, measures to reduce the effects of these fireworks should focus on the selection and reduction of raw materials and the elimination of plastic compounds in their designs.

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Mojsilović, Jelena, Ivan Dimitrijević, Mirjana Krstović, Stevan Stupar, and Veselin Živanović. "Carbon black vs charcoal: Influence on combustion properties of selected pyrotechnic compositions." In 11th International Scientific Conference on Defensive Technologies - OTEX 2024, 241–45. Military Technical Institute, Belgrade, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/oteh24043m.

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Conventional black powder typically consists of charcoal, sulfur and potassium nitrate (KNO3). The use of other carbon-based substances instead of charcoal has been less common. Following the development of time delay pyrotechnic compositions in this research, the pyrotechnic properties of other carbon-based substances, particularly carbon black were studied. The use of charcoal has been widely spread due to its unique chemical composition and superior combustion properties. However, due to the specific production process and the selection of materials for producing charcoal, it is difficult to achieve the same quality, i.e., chemical composition of charcoal. The use of other carbon-based substances may suppress those problems. Quaternary compositions containing charcoal or carbon black as a fuel and KNO3, sulfur and phenol-formaldehyde resin were prepared and tested. Commercially available charcoal and carbon black were obtained for this initial research. The as-received materials, charcoal and carbon black, were characterized by SEM, EDS and particle size analyzer. SEM and EDS analysis were used to obtain information about morphology and semi-quantitative determination of the chemical composition and particle size analyzer for obtaining information about particle size and its distribution. The experimental values of heat of reaction and linear burning rate were compared. The average linear burning rate for pyrotechnic composition with carbon black of 7.33mm/s showed increase of 28.5% comparing to pyrotechnic composition with charcoal. Observed behavior suggests that this compound may be useful for a variety of pyrotechnic applications.

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Khuchunaev, Buzigit Mussayevich, Safiyat Omarovna Gekkieva, and Alim Khadisovich Budaev. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE INFLUENCE OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS ON ICE-FORMING EFFICIENCY PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITIONS." In Themed collection of papers from Foreign International Scientific Conference «Trends in the development of science and Global challenges» Ьу НNRI «National development» in cooperation with AFP. December 2022. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/man5.2022.36.72.003.

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The article describes the methodology and equipment for studying the effect of additives of aerosol particles of a smoke bomb on the ice-forming efficiency of pyrotechnic compositions of anti-hail products «Alazan» and «AS». As a result of experiments, it was found that the addition of aerosol particles of a smoke grenade with a concentration of 0,05 g/m and 0,1 g/m to the pyrotechnic composition of the anti-hail missile «Alazan» does not lead to a change in the specific yield of ice-forming nuclei within the measurement error. When adding aerosol particles of a smoke bomb with a concentration of 0,5 g/m, the specific yield of ice-forming nuclei decreases by 1,5 times; when the pyrotechnic composition of the anti-hail missile «AS» is sublimated with the addition of aerosol particles of the smoke grenade, the specific yield of ice-forming nuclei is 1.5 times greater than when the pure pyrotechnic composition of the anti-hail missile «AS» is sublimated.

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Ajith, V., V. Arumugaprabu, R. Ramalakshmi, and N. Indumathi. "A study on thermal characterisation of effective pyrotechnic flash compositions." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY - ITechCET 2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0103830.

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Li, Yanan, Yi'chun Cui, Zefeng Guo, Hua Guan, and Lu Gao. "Study on visible light radiation performance of pyrotechnic composition in vacuum." In Conference on Optoelectronics and Nanophotonics, edited by Yidong Huang and Zhiping Zhou. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2603910.

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Yang, Lien. "Reaction Rate Analysis for Selected Solid-to-Solid-Reaction Pyrotechnic Compositions." In 48th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-3733.

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Schäfer, Timo, Chi-Yao Chang, and Jochen Neutz. "Assessment of Airbag Inflator Characterization Methods for Numerical Prediction in the Automotive Restraint System Applications." In Automotive Technical Papers. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-5029.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">A competent numerical prediction on automotive restraint systems relies on accurate inflator characteristics as input data, which are specified to gas species composition, mass, and energy flow rate. Due to the highly transient processes under extreme temperature conditions of inflator deployment, the determination of inflator characteristics is very challenging. Current conventional methods utilizing tank pressure (Pt method) and/or chamber pressure (Pc-thrust method) measurements obtain numerous assumptions, for which their compatibility with the applied inflator type is often not considered.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this work, conventional Pt and Pc-thrust methods are detailed, assessed, and discussed. One stored gas and two pyrotechnic inflators are taken as scenarios, for which the interior ballistic models are created based on their design components and functions. The created inflator features are compared between the three methods. Further, validations are carried out in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation on the tank test and finite element method (FEM) simulation on the Force INdicating Assessment Tool (FINAL) ton test.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Results of the tank test and FINAL ton validation show different evaluations of the input data, which refers to a fundamental bias in interpreting and utilizing the inflator characteristics. The mismatch behavior between the two test environments reveals the inadequacy of using the information of the tank test as a single data source for airbag-relevant simulations. By assessing the applied assumptions in the conventional methodologies, it has turned out that the conventional methods are only appropriate for pyrotechnic-type inflators. Thus, the numerical ballistic approach is advised for stored gas–type inflators instead of conventional methods. Also, cross-validation is recommended for pyrotechnic inflators to adjust the gas amount and temperature level before the complex simulation takes place. These insights contribute not only to a better understanding of the inflator gas thermodynamics but also provide a general guideline for simulation engineers in acquiring more reliable solution in the restraint system development framework.</div></div>

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Basyir, Abdul, Nining Sumawati Asri, Didik Aryanto, Marga Asta Jaya Mulya, Wahyu Bambang Widayatno, Agus Sukarto Wismogroho, Isnaeni, et al. "Thermal behavior and flash intensity of orange pyrotechnic compositions based on Mg-Sn-Sr(NO3)2-NaNO3-paraffin wax." In 5TH INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON METALLURGY AND MATERIALS (ISMM2022): Strengthening research and innovation in metallurgy and materials for sustainable economic development. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0186091.

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Kobald, M., C. Schmierer, U. Fischer, K. Tomilin, A. Petrarolo, and M. Rehberger. "The HyEnD stern hybrid sounding rocket project." In Progress in Propulsion Physics – Volume 11. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/eucass/201911025.

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The student team Hybrid Engine Development (HyEnD) of the University of Stuttgart is taking part with the Institute of Space Systems (IRS) in the DLR educational program STERN (Studentische Experimentalraketen). This program supports students at German universities to design, build, and launch an experimental rocket within a 3-year project time frame. HyEnD is developing a hybrid rocket called HEROS (Hybrid Experimental Rocket Stuttgart) with a design thrust of 10 kN, a total impulse of over 100 kN·s, and an expected liftoff weight up to 175 kg. HEROS is planned to be launched in October 2015 from Esrange in Sweden to an expected flight altitude of 40 to 50 km. The current altitude record for amateur rockets in Europe is at approximately 21 km. The propulsion system of HEROS is called HyRES (Hybrid Rocket Engine Stuttgart) and uses a paraffin-based solid fuel and nitrous oxide (N2O) as a liquid oxidizer. The development and the test campaign of HyRES is described in detail. The main goals of the test campaign are to achieve a combustion efficiency higher than 90% and provide stable operation with low combustion chamber pressure fluctuations. The successful design and testing of the HyRES engine was enabled by the evaluation and characterization of a small-scale demonstrator engine. The 500-newton hybrid rocket engine, called MIRAS (MIcro RAkete Stuttgart), has also been developed in the course of the STERN project as a technology demonstrator. During this test campaign, a ballistic characterization of paraffin-based hybrid rocket fuels with different additives in combination with N2O and a performance evaluation were carried out. A wide range of operating conditions, fuel compositions, injector geometries, and engine configurations were evaluated with this engine. Effects of different injector geometries and postcombustion chamber designs on the engine performance were analyzed. Additionally, the appearance of combustion instabilities under certain conditions, their effects, and possible mitigation techniques were also investigated. Concluding, the development and construction of an advanced, lightweight hybrid sounding rocket for the given requirements and budget within the DLR STERN program are described herein. The most important parts include a high thrust hybrid rocket engine, the development of a light weight oxidizer tank, pyrotechnical valves, carbon fiber rocket structure, recovery systems, and onboard electronics.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Pyrotechnics composition"

Shortridge, Robert G., Caroline K. Wilharm, and Christina M. Yamamoto. Elimination of Perchlorate Oxidizers from Pyrotechnic Flare Compositions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada608422.

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Rice, S. F., C. A. LaJeunesse, R. G. Hanush, J. D. Aiken, and S. C. Johnston. Supercritical water oxidation of colored smoke, dye, and pyrotechnic compositions. Phase 1, Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10122632.

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LaJeunesse, C. A., Jennifer P. Chan, T. N. Raber, D. C. Macmillan, S. F. Rice, and K. L. Tschritter. Supercritical water oxidation of colored smoke, dye, and pyrotechnic compositions. Final report: Pilot plant conceptual design. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10194924.

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