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Статті в журналах з теми "PVIND"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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1

Jurcevic, Ruzica, Lazar Angelkov, Nebojsa Tasic, Milosav Tomovic, Dejan Kojic, Petar Otasevic, and Milovan Bojic. "Pulmonary Vein Isolation Outcome Degree Is a New Score for Efficacy of Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 24 (December 13, 2021): 5827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10245827.

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This study introduces the pulmonary vein isolation outcome degree (PVIOD) as a new semiquantitative measure for the efficacy of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation and reports the determination of predictors associated with PVIOD. The median follow-up periods of 117 patients after the first and last ablation were, respectively, 82 (IQR 15) and 72 (IQR 30) months. PVIOD 1 included 32.5% of patients, those with successful single pulmonary vein isolation (PVI); PVIOD 2 included 29.1% of subjects, those with success after multiple procedures; PVIOD 3 comprised 14.5% of patients, those with clinical success; and PVIOD 4 included 23.9% of cases, those with procedural and clinical failure. In the multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis, PVIOD 1–4 were independently associated with longstanding persistent AF with paroxysmal AF as the referent category (odds ratio (OR), 3.5; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.1–10.7 (p = 0.031)), left atrial (LA) diameter (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.3 (p = 0.001)) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.86–1.0 (p = 0.038)). LA size > 41 mm, LVEF ≤ 50% and longstanding persistent AF are strong predictors of AF recurrence. PVIOD 1–4 offer the most exact long-term prognosis of PVI. The purpose of the present article is to expand the quantitative measure of procedural success in the medical and biological fields.

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2

Singh, Sudhir, Digamber Chaubey, J. D. Rawat, and Gurmeet Singh. "Two Cases of Massively Prolapsed Patent Vitellointestinal Duct." APSP Journal of Case Reports 8, no. 2 (March 21, 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21699/ajcr.v8i2.534.

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Patent vitellointestinal duct (PVID) is a benign congenital anomaly usually presenting with fecal discharge from the umbilicus. In this report, we describe two cases of PVID presented with massive bowel prolapse through the PVID and signs of intestinal obstruction. Surgery revealed prolapse of the ileal intussusceptum through the PVID. Both babies were successfully managed with surgery.

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3

Luis, P., A. Gauthier, S. Trouvelot, B. Poinssot, and P. Frettinger. "Identification of Plasmopara viticola Genes Potentially Involved in Pathogenesis on Grapevine Suggests New Similarities Between Oomycetes and True Fungi." Phytopathology® 103, no. 10 (October 2013): 1035–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-06-12-0121-r.

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Plant diseases caused by fungi and oomycetes result in significant economic losses every year. Although phylogenetically distant, these organisms share many common features during infection. We identified genes in the oomycete Plasmopara viticola that are potentially involved in pathogenesis in grapevine by using fungal databases and degenerate primers. Fragments of P. viticola genes encoding NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (PvNuo), laccase (PvLac), and invertase (PvInv) were obtained. PvNuo was overexpressed at 2 days postinoculation (dpi), during the development of the first hyphal structures and haustoria. PvLac was overexpressed at 5 dpi when genes related to pterostilbene biosynthesis were induced in grapevine. Transcript level for PvInv increased between 1 and 4 dpi before reaching a plateau. These results might suggest a finely tuned strategy of infection depending on nutrition and plant response. Phylogenetic analyses of PvNuo showed that P. viticola clustered with other oomycetes and was associated with brown algae and diatoms, forming a typical Straminipila clade. Based on the comparison of available sequences for laccases and invertases, the group formed by P. viticola and other oomycetes tended to be more closely related to Opisthokonta than to Straminipila. Convergent evolution or horizontal gene transfer could explain the presence of fungus-like genes in P. viticola.

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4

Kusmantoro, Adhi, and Takashi Hiyama. "Simulation Coordination Control of PVAnd Battery On Microgrid With PI Controller." Scientific Journal of Informatics 10, no. 2 (May 20, 2023): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/sji.v10i2.43923.

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Purpose: The output power of PV (photovoltaic) changes according to changes in the intensity of solar radiation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use a utility grid connected system to overcome changes in solar energy sources and loads. This is done to maintain an uninterrupted power supply to the load.Methods: In this study, we propose a grid-connected PV system with several DC-DC converters connected in parallel with several PV sources and batteries with PI control coordination. The proposed method includes two stages, namely the DC-DC converter development stage and the battery management strategy stage.Results: The study results show that within 0 seconds to 0.45 seconds the DC bus is supplied with PV. Due to the change in PV, within 0.45 seconds to 0.65 seconds the DC bus is supplied with unit-1 battery. When there is a change in the unit-1 battery, within 0.65 seconds to 0.8 seconds the DC bus is supplied with the unit-2 battery. By using PV coordination arrangements and battery units, the microgrid can still supply power to the load even if changes occur in the PV or grid.Novelty: The novelty in this study is a new microgrid configuration to increase the demand for electrical loads. The new configuration uses multi-PV and multi-battery. Multi-PV is used to supply the load and is stored in the multi-battery, while multi-battery is used at night and if there is a disturbance at the PV output.

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5

Yao, Yijun, Yue Wang, Iason Verginelli, Eric M. Suuberg, and Jianfeng Ye. "Comparison between PVI2D and Abreu–Johnson's Model for Petroleum Vapor Intrusion Assessment." Vadose Zone Journal 15, no. 11 (November 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2016.07.0063.

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6

Adhau, S. P., P. G. Adhau, X. R. Pote, and V. S. Rajguru. "SOME CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR GRID CONNECTED HYBRIDSOLAR- PVAND WIND POWER GENERATING SYSTEM." Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences 03, no. 04 (October 15, 2018): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46565/jreas.2018.v03i04.002.

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7

AbdulRahim, Abdulwasiu Kailani, Olusegun Folorunso, and Sushil Sharma. "An Improved Dynavote E-Voting Protocol Implementation." International Journal of E-Adoption 3, no. 3 (July 2011): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijea.2011070104.

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Electronic voting—the use of computers or computerized voting equipment to cast and tabulate and tally ballots in an election in a trustable manner—is a pillar of e-Government. The DynaVote voting protocol system proposed by Cetinkaya and Koc (2007) is assumed secure and practicable on a network. However, the DynaVote e-Voting protocol does not completely protect the voting counter against impersonated votes, especially when the pseudo-Vote identities are known by the wrong voter or compromised by authorities. To address this problem, a prototype called improved DynaVote e-Vote protocol was designed to protect the counter from anomalies associated with counting impersonated votes (multiple votes) in the same election. This was achieved by introducing biometric fingerprint and pseudo voter identities (PVID) encryption for each voter during voter registration via online or data mining of population data containing fingerprint biometrics. Furthermore, fingerprint reader and RSA public key cryptography is used in PVID to eliminate counting impersonated votes. The performance results showed that improved DynaVote e-Vote protocol is more reliable, eligible, and accurate, and protects voter privacy against other e-Vote protocols.

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8

Yin, Shao Hui, Heng Ning Tang, Jian Wu Yu, Kun Tang, Feng Jun Chen, Zhi Qiang Xu, and Jian Bo He. "Fabrication of Micro Aspheric Mould Integrated Ultra-Precision Grinding and Magnetorheological Finishing." Advanced Materials Research 135 (October 2010): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.135.134.

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This paper deals with one-point parallel grinding and magnetorheological finishing (MRF) polishing of micro glass lens mould. Firstly,the analysis and experiment of one-point parallel grinding are conducted on micro-aspheric mould with 10mm in diameter , after grinding ,the results show that the form accuracy of the micro aspheric mould are 2.538 μm in PVand 0.645 μm in RMS, also the subsurface damages and residual grinding marks are left ;And then , the magnetorheological finishing experiment is counducted, the form accuracy achieves 0.892 μm in PV and 0.287 μm in RMS ,after finishing, the surface quality was improved.

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9

Boothroyd, Renée. "Applied Implementation Research: Addressing the “How” of Real World Practice." Clinical Research Education Library 1, no. 1 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cred-pvid-implscid1p3.

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10

Weiner, Michael. "Health Service Research: What Is It?" Clinical Research Education Library 2, no. 1 (2014): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cred-pvid-implscid1p4.

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11

Horner, Robert. "Scaling-up Evidence-based Practices." Clinical Research Education Library 1, no. 1 (2014): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cred-pvid-implscid1p5.

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12

Senturia, Kirsten. "Community Based Participatory Research: Is It for You?" Clinical Research Education Library 2, no. 1 (2014): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cred-pvid-implscid1p6.

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13

Kreuter, Matthew W. "Enhancing Dissemination Through Marketing and Distribution Systems." Clinical Research Education Library 4, no. 1 (2014): 1–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cred-pvid-implscid1p7.

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14

Aarons, Gregory A. "Practical Application of Frameworks and Strategies for Evidence-Based Practice Implementation Research." Clinical Research Education Library 2, no. 1 (2014): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cred-pvid-implscid2p1.

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15

Proctor, Enola. "Implementation Strategies & Outcomes: Methods advances & challenges." Clinical Research Education Library 1, no. 1 (2014): 1–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cred-pvid-implscid2p2.

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16

Green, Lawrence W. "Balancing Fidelity and Adaptation. If We Want More Evidence-Based Practice, We Need more Practice-Based Evidence." Clinical Research Education Library 2, no. 1 (2014): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cred-pvid-implscid2p3.

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17

Chambers, David A. "Advancing the Science of Sustainability: A Dynamic Perspective." Clinical Research Education Library 1, no. 1 (2014): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cred-pvid-implscid2p4.

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18

Strain, Phillip S. "Lessons Learned About High Fidelity LEAP Replication." Clinical Research Education Library 1, no. 1 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cred-pvid-implscid2p5.

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19

Guitar, Barry. "Improving Treatment via Continuing Assessment—The Lidcombe Program." Clinical Research Education Library 1, no. 1 (2014): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cred-pvid-implscid2p6.

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20

Ramig, Lorraine. "Development and Dissemination Pathway of a Voice Treatment for Parkinson’s Disease (LSVT LOUD)." Clinical Research Education Library 4, no. 1 (2014): 1–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cred-pvid-implscid2p7.

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21

Yoshinaga-Itano, Christine. "Universal Newborn Hearing Screening: The Evolution of a Public Health Revolution." Clinical Research Education Library 1, no. 1 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cred-pvid-implscid2p8.

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22

Chambers, David A. "Advancing Implementation Science: A View from the National Institute of Mental Health." Clinical Research Education Library 1, no. 1 (2014): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cred-pvid-implscid3p2.

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23

Islam, Md Sariful, Nuhim Ahamed Noman, and Md Ahsan Habib. "The Best Techno-economic Aspects of the Feasibility Study Concerning the Proposed PVWind-hydro Hybrid System in Nilphamari, Bangladesh." International Journal of Education and Management Engineering 12, no. 5 (October 8, 2022): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijeme.2022.05.04.

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24

Zhang, Wei-Peng, Chang Chen, Zhongli Pan, Hong-Wei Xiao, Long Xie, Zhen-Jiang Gao, and Zhi-An Zheng. "Design and performance evaluation of a pilot-scale pulsed vacuum infrared drying (PVID) system for drying of berries." Drying Technology 38, no. 10 (July 18, 2019): 1340–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2019.1639725.

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25

Moyer, Crystal L., Eli S. Besser, and Glen R. Nemerow. "A Single Maturation Cleavage Site in Adenovirus Impacts Cell Entry and Capsid Assembly." Journal of Virology 90, no. 1 (October 21, 2015): 521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02014-15.

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ABSTRACTProteolytic maturation drives the conversion of stable, immature virus particles to a mature, metastable state primed for cell infection. In the case of human adenovirus, this proteolytic cleavage is mediated by the virally encoded protease AVP. Protein VI, an internal capsid cement protein and substrate for AVP, is cleaved at two sites, one of which is near the N terminus of the protein. In mature capsids, the 33 residues at the N terminus of protein VI (pVIn) are sequestered inside the cavity formed by peripentonal hexon trimers at the 5-fold vertex. Here, we describe a glycine-to-alanine mutation in the N-terminal cleavage site of protein VI that profoundly impacts proteolytic processing, the generation of infectious particles, and cell entry. The phenotypic effects associated with this mutant provide a mechanistic framework for understanding the multifunctional nature of protein VI. Based on our findings, we propose that the primary function of the pVIn peptide is to mediate interactions between protein VI and hexon during virus replication, driving hexon nuclear accumulation and particle assembly. Once particles are assembled, AVP-mediated cleavage facilitates the release of the membrane lytic region at the amino terminus of mature VI, allowing it to lyse the endosome during cell infection. These findings highlight the importance of a single maturation cleavage site for both infectious particle production and cell entry and emphasize the exquisite spatiotemporal regulation governing adenovirus assembly and disassembly.IMPORTANCEPostassembly virus maturation is a cornerstone principle in virology. However, a mechanistic understanding of how icosahedral viruses utilize this process to transform immature capsids into infection-competent particles is largely lacking. Adenovirus maturation involves proteolytic processing of seven precursor proteins. There is currently no information for the role of each independent cleavage event in the generation of infectious virions. To address this, we investigated the proteolytic maturation of one adenovirus precursor molecule, protein VI. Structurally, protein VI cements the outer capsid shell and links it to the viral core. Functionally, protein VI is involved in endosome disruption, subcellular trafficking, transcription activation, and virus assembly. Our studies demonstrate that the multifunctional nature of protein VI is largely linked to its maturation. Through mutational analysis, we show that disrupting the N-terminal cleavage of preprotein VI has major deleterious effects on the assembly of infectious virions and their subsequent ability to infect host cells.

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Cadot, Emmanuel, Michel Fournier, André Tézé та Gilbert Hervé. "Electrochemical Properties and ESR Characterization of Mixed Valence α-[XMo3-xVxW9O40]n-Heteropolyanions with X = PVand SiIV,x= 1, 2, or 3". Inorganic Chemistry 35, № 2 (січень 1996): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic940908o.

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27

Reddy, Vijay S., Xiaodi Yu, and Michael A. Barry. "Refined Capsid Structure of Human Adenovirus D26 at 3.4 Å Resolution." Viruses 14, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14020414.

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Various adenoviruses are being used as viral vectors for the generation of vaccines against chronic and emerging diseases (e.g., AIDS, COVID-19). Here, we report the improved capsid structure for one of these vectors, human adenovirus D26 (HAdV-D26), at 3.4 Å resolution, by reprocessing the previous cryo-electron microscopy dataset and obtaining a refined model. In addition to overall improvements in the model, the highlights of the structure include (1) locating a segment of the processed peptide of VIII that was previously believed to be released from the mature virions, (2) reorientation of the helical appendage domain (APD) of IIIa situated underneath the vertex region relative to its counterpart observed in the cleavage defective (ts1) mutant of HAdV-C5 that resulted in the loss of interactions between the APD and hexon bases, and (3) the revised conformation of the cleaved N-terminal segments of pre-protein VI (pVIn), located in the hexon cavities, is highly conserved, with notable stacking interactions between the conserved His13 and Phe18 residues. Taken together, the improved model of HAdV-D26 capsid provides a better understanding of protein–protein interactions in HAdV capsids and facilitates the efforts to modify and/or design adenoviral vectors with altered properties. Last but not least, we provide some insights into clotting factors (e.g., FX and PF4) binding to AdV vectors.

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28

Pichereau, Solen, Madhulatha Pantrangi, William Couet, Cedric Badiou, Gerard Lina, Sanjay K. Shukla, and Warren E. Rose. "Simulated Antibiotic Exposures in anIn VitroHollow-Fiber Infection Model Influence Toxin Gene Expression and Production in Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain MW2." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 1 (November 7, 2011): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.05113-11.

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ABSTRACTCommunity-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(CA-MRSA) strain MW2 harbors a plethora of toxins to mediate its virulence. However, toxin expression and regulation with simulated clinical antimicrobial exposures are unclear. This study evaluated these relationships using anin vitropharmacodynamic hollow-fiber infection model. Clinical doses of clindamycin, linezolid, minocycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT), and vancomycin were simulated over 72 h against MW2 in the hollow fiber model. Expression levels oflukSF-PVand enterotoxin genessec4,sek,seq, andsel2were quantified by real-time PCR. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and cytotoxicity was determined on polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). Vancomycin produced the maximum MW2 killing (2.53 log10CFU/ml) after the first dose, but the greatest sustained killing over 72 h occurred with linezolid and clindamycin. Vancomycin and minocycline induced gene upregulation from 0 to 8 h, followed by downregulation for the remaining simulation period. Clindamycin decreased gene expression in the first 24 h, followed by moderate increases (2.5-fold) thereafter. Linezolid increased gene expression 11.4- to 200.4-fold but inhibited PVL production (0.6 ± 0.3 versus 5.9 ± 0.2 μg/ml, linezolid versus control at 72 h;P< 0.05). Similar effects on PVL production occurred with clindamycin and minocycline. SXT increased PVL production at 48 h (2.8-fold) and 72 h (4.9-fold) of treatment (P< 0.05), resulting in increased PVL cytotoxicity on PMNs. Linezolid, clindamycin, and minocycline were the most effective agents on decreasing the virulence potential in CA-MRSA, notably after 8 h of treatment. SXT had minimal effects on toxin gene regulation, but it increased production and cytotoxicity of PVL toxin in the model and may enhance virulence when it is used to treat severe infections.

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29

Tang, J. C., C. C. Kuo, C. Y. Tseng, and M. H. Peng. "Plying evidence-based medicine for investigating the pertinent effects of regularly replacing peripheral venous indwelling needles (PVIN) in ENT department patients every 72 or 96 hours." International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare 10, no. 3 (September 2012): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01258363-201209000-00167.

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Yassin, Mohamed A., Hanadi Rafii El-Ayoubi, and Nader Al-Dewik. "High Percentage of JAK2 exon 12 Mutation in Polycythemia Vera and Essential Thrombocythemia Among Populations of Qatar." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 5064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.5064.5064.

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Abstract Abstract 5064 The chronic myeloproliferative Neoplasm (NPM) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell malignancies with 3 main subtypes: polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis, and idiopathic myelofibrosis. PV is characterized by increased RBC proliferation in the absence of erythropoietin and proliferation of myeloid lineages usually is noted, A gain-of-function mutation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F, is identified in about 95% of patients with PV and about 50% of patients with essential thrombocytosis and idiopathic myelofibrosis. It has been shown that JAK2 exon 12 mutations can activate erythropoietin signaling pathways while these findings have been confirmed by many studies from Western countries, there are no reports from Asian countries in general and Arab countries in particular about the prevalence of the JAK2 exon 12 mutation in patients with PV and ET. In the present study, we determined the prevalence of JAK2V617F and JAK2 exon 12 mutations in patients with PV and ET in Qatar. Materials and Methods We enrolled patients with a diagnosis of PV and ET at National Centre for Cancer Care and Research in Qatar from January till June 2012. The diagnosis of PV and ET was established according to the 2008 World Health Organization criteria. The study included 82 patients. Clinical information and the CBC data at diagnosis were obtained from medical records. Pretreatment serum erythropoietin levels. Total DNA was isolated from buffy coat cells taken from peripheral blood using a kit (QIAamp DNA Mini Kit, Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using 80 ng of genomic DNA as the template in a35-cycle PCR reaction at an annealing temperature of 58°C, as previously described. The mutant allele yields a 203-base-pair (bp) PCR product (sensitivity of mutant allele detection <1%). For exon 12 mutation screening, 80 ng of genomic DNA was amplified by specific primers designed to amplify a region of 453 bp containing the 128 bp of the exon 12 sequence of JAK2. PCR products were directly sequenced in both directions on an ABI 3730 DNA Analyzer using the BigDye Terminator Sequencing kit. Results We examined the occurrence of JAK2V617F and JAK2 exon 12 mutations in a clinical cohort of 82 patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and Essential thrombocythemia (ET) Of which 42 patients had PV aged 25 to 53, 13 (31%) females and 29 (69 %) males and V617F mutation was detected in all of them exon 12 mutation was detected in 38 (90. 47%) patients. We found 2 different exon 12 mutations:3 N542-E543del, 1 F537-K539delinsL, and among 40 ET patients aged 25 to 59, 22 (55 %) males and 18 (45%) females, 35 patients (87. 5%) were JAK2 V617F and JAK 2 exon12 positive and 5 (12. 5%) were JAK2V617F as well as exon 12 negative patients with V617F and exon 12 mutations showed significantly higher WBC and platelet counts at diagnosis than patients with exon V617F mutation alone (P =. 021 and P =. 038, respectively). We report a surprisingly high incidence of exon 12 mutations in MPN patients with PVand ET in Qatar, a result quite different from reports in the Western literature (P =. 001). Conclusion Our data suggest that exon 12 mutation of JAK2 in patients with PV and ET may have an uneven geographic distribution. A clinical laboratory providing the V617F test alone may risk missing a substantial number of patients with PV in areas with a high incidence of exon 12 mutation. the importance of such associations may need further studies and evaluations. Disclosures: Yassin: Qatar National Research Fund: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding. Rafii El-Ayoubi:Qatar National Research Fund: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding. Al-Dewik:Qatar National Research Fund: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding.

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Ferguson, Brielle, Cameron Glick, and John R. Huguenard. "Prefrontal PV interneurons facilitate attention and are linked to attentional dysfunction in a mouse model of absence epilepsy." eLife 12 (April 4, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.78349.

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Absence seizures are characterized by brief periods of unconsciousness accompanied by lapses in motor function that can occur hundreds of times throughout the day. Outside of these frequent moments of unconsciousness, approximately a third of people living with the disorder experience treatment-resistant attention impairments. Convergent evidence suggests prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction may underlie attention impairments in affected patients. To examine this, we use a combination of slice physiology, fiber photometry, electrocorticography (ECoG), optogenetics, and behavior in the Scn8a+/-mouse model of absence epilepsy. Attention function was measured using a novel visual attention task where a light cue that varied in duration predicted the location of a food reward. In Scn8a+/-mice, we find altered parvalbumin interneuron (PVIN) output in the medial PFC (mPFC) in vitro and PVIN hypoactivity along with reductions in gamma power during cue presentation in vivo. This was associated with poorer attention performance in Scn8a+/-mice that could be rescued by gamma-frequency optogenetic stimulation of PVINs. This highlights cue-related PVIN activity as an important mechanism for attention and suggests PVINs may represent a therapeutic target for cognitive comorbidities in absence epilepsy.

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Parker, Travis A., Jose Cetz, Lorenna Lopes de Sousa, Saarah Kuzay, Sassoum Lo, Talissa de Oliveira Floriani, Serah Njau, et al. "Loss of pod strings in common bean is associated with gene duplication, retrotransposon insertion, and overexpression of PvIND." New Phytologist, June 16, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.18319.

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Mackenzie-Gray Scott, Connie A., Kenneth A. Pelkey, Adam P. Caccavano, Daniel Abebe, Mandy Lai, Khayla N. Black, Nicolette D. Brown, Andrew J. Trevelyan, and Chris J. McBain. "Resilient Hippocampal Gamma Rhythmogenesis and Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneuron Function Before and After Plaque Burden in 5xFAD Alzheimer’s Disease Model." Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience 14 (May 11, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsyn.2022.857608.

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Recent studies have implicated impaired Parvalbumin Fast-Spiking Interneuron (PVIN) function as a precipitating factor underlying abnormalities in network synchrony, oscillatory rhythms, and cognition associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, a complete developmental investigation of potential gamma deficits, induced by commonly used carbachol or kainate in ex vivo slice preparations, within AD model mice is lacking. We examined gamma oscillations using field recordings in acute hippocampal slices from 5xFAD and control mice, through the period of developing pathology, starting at 3 months of age, when there is minimal plaque presence in the hippocampus, through to 12+ months of age, when plaque burden is high. In addition, we examined PVIN participation in gamma rhythms using targeted cell-attached recordings of genetically-reported PVINs, in both wild type and mutant mice. In parallel, a developmental immunohistochemical characterisation probing the PVIN-associated expression of PV and perineuronal nets (PNNs) was compared between control and 5xFAD mice. Remarkably, this comprehensive longitudinal evaluation failed to reveal any obvious correlations between PVIN deficits (electrical and molecular), circuit rhythmogenesis (gamma frequency and power), and Aβ deposits/plaque formation. By 6–12 months, 5xFAD animals have extensive plaque formation throughout the hippocampus. However, a deficit in gamma oscillatory power was only evident in the oldest 5xFAD animals (12+ months), and only when using kainate, and not carbachol, to induce the oscillations. We found no difference in PV firing or phase preference during kainate-induced oscillations in younger or older 5xFAD mice compared to control, and a reduction of PV and PNNs only in the oldest 5xFAD mice. The lack of a clear relationship between PVIN function, network rhythmicity, and plaque formation in our study highlights an unexpected resilience in PVIN function in the face of extensive plaque pathology associated with this model, calling into question the presumptive link between PVIN pathology and Alzheimer’s progression.

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Ma, Xinyue, Loïs S. Miraucourt, Haoyi Qiu, Reza Sharif-Naeini, and Anmar Khadra. "Modulation of SK channels via calcium buffering tunes intrinsic excitability of parvalbumin interneurons in neuropathic pain: A computational and experimental investigation." Journal of Neuroscience, July 14, 2023, JN—RM—0426–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0426-23.2023.

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Parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PVINs) play a crucial role within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord by preventing touch inputs from activating pain circuits. In both male and female mice, nerve injury decreases PVINs’ output via mechanisms that are not fully understood. In this study, we show that PVINs from nerve-injured male mice change their firing pattern from tonic to adaptive. To examine the ionic mechanisms responsible for this decreased output, we employed a reparametrized Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) type model of PVINs, which predicted (1) the firing pattern transition is due to an increased contribution of small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels, enabled by (2) impairment in intracellular calcium buffering systems. Analyzing the dynamics of the HH-type model further demonstrated that a generalized Hopf bifurcation differentiates the two types of state transitions observed in the transient firing of PVINs. Importantly, this predicted mechanism holds true when we embed the PVINs model within the neuronal circuit model of the spinal dorsal horn. To experimentally validate this hypothesized mechanism, we used pharmacological modulators of SK channels and demonstrated that (1) tonic firing PVINs from naïve male mice become adaptive when exposed to an SK channel activator, and (2) adapting PVINs from nerve-injured male mice return to tonic firing upon SK channel blockade. Our work provides important insights into the cellular mechanism underlying the decreased output of PVINs in the spinal dorsal horn after nerve injury and highlights potential pharmacological targets for new and effective treatment approaches to neuropathic pain.Significant Statement:Parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PVINs) exert crucial inhibitory control over Aβ fiber-mediated nociceptive pathways at the spinal dorsal horn. The loss of their inhibitory tone leads to neuropathic symptoms, like mechanical allodynia, via mechanisms that are not fully understood. This study identifies the reduced intrinsic excitability of PVINs as a potential cause for their decreased inhibitory output in nerve-injured condition. Combining computational and experimental approaches, we predict a calcium-dependent mechanism that modulates PVINs’ electrical activity following nerve injury: a depletion of cytosolic calcium buffer allows for the rapid accumulation of intracellular calcium through the active membranes, which in turn potentiates SK channels and impedes spike generation. Our results therefore pinpoint SK channels as potential therapeutic targets for treating neuropathic symptoms.

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Rupert, Deborah D., Alexa Pagliaro, Jane Choe, and Stephen D. Shea. "Selective deletion ofMethyl CpG binding protein 2from parvalbumin interneurons in the auditory cortex delays the onset of maternal retrieval in mice." Journal of Neuroscience, August 25, 2023, JN—RM—0838–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0838-23.2023.

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Mutations inMECP2cause the neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome.MECP2codes for methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2), a transcriptional regulator that activates genetic programs for experience-dependent plasticity. Many neural and behavioral symptoms of Rett syndrome may result from dysregulated timing and threshold for plasticity. As a model of adult plasticity, we examine changes to auditory cortex inhibitory circuits in female mice when they are first exposed to pups; this plasticity facilitates behavioral responses to pups emitting distress calls. Brain-wide deletion ofMecp2alters expression of markers associated with GABAergic parvalbumin interneurons (PVin) and impairs the emergence of pup retrieval. We hypothesized that loss ofMecp2in PVin disproportionately contributes to the phenotype. Here we find that deletion ofMecp2from PVin delayed the onset of maternal retrieval behavior and recapitulated the major molecular and neurophysiological features of brain-wide deletion ofMecp2. We observed that when PVin-selective mutants were exposed to pups, auditory cortical expression of PVin markers increased relative to that in wild type littermates. PVin-specific mutants also failed to show the inhibitory auditory cortex plasticity seen in wild type mice upon exposure to pups and their vocalizations. Finally, using an intersectional viral genetic strategy, we demonstrate that post-developmental loss ofMecp2in PVin of the auditory cortex is sufficient to delay onset of maternal retrieval. Our results support a model in which PVin play a central role in adult cortical plasticity and may be particularly impaired by loss ofMecp2.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that includes deficits in both communication and the ability to update brain connections and activity during learning (‘plasticity’). This condition is caused by mutations in the geneMECP2. We use a maternal behavioral test in mice requiring both vocal perception and neural plasticity to probeMecp2’s role in social and sensory learning.Mecp2is normally active in all brain cells, but here we remove it from a specific population (‘parvalbumin neurons’). We find that this is sufficient to delay learned behavioral responses to pups and recreates many deficits seen in whole brainMecp2deletion. Our findings suggest that parvalbumin neurons specifically are central to the consequences of loss ofMecp2activity and yield clues as to possible mechanisms by which Rett syndrome impairs brain function.

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Mirza, Bilal, Afzal Mirza, Imran Hashim, and Muhammad Saleem. "Hernia of Umbilical Cord: Report of Three Unusual Cases." Journal of Neonatal Surgery 4, no. 2 (March 25, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.47338/jns.v4.169.

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Congenital hernia of umbilical cord is a less frequent entity in newborns and occasionally associated with other maladies. Herein, we report three cases of hernia of umbilical cord. First case was associated with in-utero evisceration of entire small bowel through the presumably ruptured hernia of umbilical cord and other two cases had associated patent vitellointestinal duct (PVID). All of the cases were managed successfully.

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Alkathiry, Abdulaziz A., Saud F. Alsubaie, Bara A. Alsalaheen, and Susan L. Whitney. "Validation of the Gait Disorientation Test in children with concussion." Frontiers in Pediatrics 10 (August 22, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.927708.

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BackgroundMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion is a complex injury that is difficult to diagnose and assess. There are negative impacts on cognition, balance, and mobility after a concussion. The Gait Disorientation Test (GDT) is an objective measure that assesses a person's balance ability by comparing the walking time with eyes open and the walking time with eyes closed in a standardized walking task. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and the diagnostic properties of the GDT in children with concussions.MethodsThirty-six children with concussions, and 91 controls aged between 9 and 18 years old participated in the study. Participants completed demographics, the GDT, the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), the Pediatric Vestibular Symptom Questionnaire (PVSQ), and the Pediatric Visually Induced Dizziness Questionnaire (PVID).ResultsChildren with concussions showed higher (worse) GDT scores (M = 2.18 ± 1.93 s) than healthy controls (M = 1.13 ± 0.95 s), which was statistically significant (P = 0.014).ConclusionThe GDT was able to distinguish between children with concussions and healthy controls. Given the simplicity of the GDT, it can be used to assist in discriminating between children with and without concussion.

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Jamal, Yasir S., Mazen O. Kurdi, Ettedal A. Aljahdali, Samera F. AlBasri, and Abdullah Y. Jamal. "Distinct presentations and management of hernia of the umbilical cord: 15 years’ experience in a tertiary hospital." Annals of Pediatric Surgery 18, no. 1 (August 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43159-022-00191-2.

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Abstract Background Hernia of the umbilical cord (HUC) is an uncommon type of abdominal wall defect characterized by a hernia of the midgut into the proximal section of the umbilical cord. This is occasionally coupled with other congenital abnormalities. This is frequently misdiagnosed and referred to as “omphalocele minor.” In certain cases, unintentional cord clamping causes iatrogenic intestinal harm. The purpose of this retrospective study is to highlight various aspects of the HUC therapy in 30 patients with typical and unusual presentations in a tertiary care facility as well as intraoperative findings and associated abnormalities. Methods Thirty neonates (21 males and 9 females) with usual and unusual presentations of HUC diagnosed and treated at the King Abdelaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, over 15 years period from 2005 to 2020. Results Out of 30 cases included, 17 patients were reducible with simple classical HUC repair. While 13 patients had different presentations, six cases presented with irreducible content due to variable reasons, four cases presented with patent vitellointestinal duct (PVID), 2 cases presented with intestinal obstruction, and one case presented late with epithelialized HUC sac. Conclusions Attention to HUC should be paid by obstetric professionals in order not to miss it on antenatal ultrasound and careful umbilical cord examination at delivery to avoid clamping of visceral content if present in HUC.

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Jamal, Yasir S., Mazen O. Kurdi, Ettedal A. Aljahdali, Samera F. AlBasri, and Abdullah Y. Jamal. "Distinct presentations and management of hernia of the umbilical cord: 15 years’ experience in a tertiary hospital." Annals of Pediatric Surgery 18, no. 1 (August 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43159-022-00191-2.

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Abstract Background Hernia of the umbilical cord (HUC) is an uncommon type of abdominal wall defect characterized by a hernia of the midgut into the proximal section of the umbilical cord. This is occasionally coupled with other congenital abnormalities. This is frequently misdiagnosed and referred to as “omphalocele minor.” In certain cases, unintentional cord clamping causes iatrogenic intestinal harm. The purpose of this retrospective study is to highlight various aspects of the HUC therapy in 30 patients with typical and unusual presentations in a tertiary care facility as well as intraoperative findings and associated abnormalities. Methods Thirty neonates (21 males and 9 females) with usual and unusual presentations of HUC diagnosed and treated at the King Abdelaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, over 15 years period from 2005 to 2020. Results Out of 30 cases included, 17 patients were reducible with simple classical HUC repair. While 13 patients had different presentations, six cases presented with irreducible content due to variable reasons, four cases presented with patent vitellointestinal duct (PVID), 2 cases presented with intestinal obstruction, and one case presented late with epithelialized HUC sac. Conclusions Attention to HUC should be paid by obstetric professionals in order not to miss it on antenatal ultrasound and careful umbilical cord examination at delivery to avoid clamping of visceral content if present in HUC.

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Rajkiran Raju, S., A. R. Prasanna Kumar, A. M. Shubha, and Julian Crasta. "“Type C appendicular duplication with patent vitello-intestinal duct—an unforeseen association”—a case report." Annals of Pediatric Surgery 17, no. 1 (November 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43159-021-00127-2.

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Abstract Background Gastrointestinal duplications are uncommon occurring in 1 in 5000 live births. Small intestine is commonly involved, while appendicular duplications are extremely rare. Vitelline duct anomalies arise due to failure of involution of the omphalomesenteric duct. Their spectrum ranges from a simple umbilical sinus to completely patent omphalomesenteric fistulae. We report here a rare association of complete appendico-cecal duplication with patent vitello-intestinal duct (PVID). Case presentation A 14-year-old girl who presented with complaints of scant, foul smelling, and feculent discharge from umbilicus intermittently since birth was evaluated and diagnosed to have a patent vitello-intestinal duct. At laparotomy, a patent vitello-intestinal tract opening unusually at the ileo-cecal junction was noted. In addition, an appendico-cecal duplication cyst bearing an appendix on the mesenteric side and a 4-cm long orthotopic appendix on the native cecum was found with the duplex cecum sharing a common wall and blood supply. The terminal ileum with the duplication and patent vitello-intestinal duct were excised in toto, and an end-to-end ileo-ascending anastomosis was done. The child is well at 1 year follow-up. Conclusion A complete appendico-cecal (Type C) duplication with ectopically inserted patent vitello-intestinal duct is reported here as an unusual association, discussing its management and the probable disarray in the embryological development.

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Dai, Xinghong, Lily Wu, Ren Sun, and Z. Hong Zhou. "Atomic Structures of Minor Proteins VI and VII in Human Adenovirus." Journal of Virology 91, no. 24 (October 4, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00850-17.

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ABSTRACT Human adenoviruses (Ad) are double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses associated with infectious diseases, but they are better known as tools for gene delivery and oncolytic anticancer therapy. Atomic structures of Ad provide the basis for the development of antivirals and for engineering efforts toward more effective applications. Since 2010, atomic models of human Ad5 have been derived independently from photographic film cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and X-ray crystallography studies, but discrepancies exist concerning the assignment of cement proteins IIIa, VIII, and IX. To clarify these discrepancies, we employed the technology of direct electron counting to obtain a cryo-EM structure of human Ad5 at 3.2-Å resolution. Our improved structure unambiguously confirms our previous cryo-EM models of proteins IIIa, VIII, and IX and explains the likely cause of conflict in the crystallography models. The improved structure also allows the identification of three new components in the cavity of hexon—the cleaved N terminus of precursor protein VI (pVIn), the cleaved N terminus of precursor protein VII (pVIIn2), and mature protein VI. The binding of pVIIn2—and, by extension, that of genome-condensing pVII—to hexons is consistent with the previously proposed dsDNA genome-capsid coassembly for adenoviruses, which resembles that of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses but differs from the well-established mechanism of pumping dsDNA into a preformed protein capsid exemplified by tailed bacteriophages and herpesviruses. IMPORTANCE Adenovirus is a double-edged sword to humans: it is a widespread pathogen but can be used as a bioengineering tool for anticancer and gene therapies. The atomic structure of the virus provides the basis for antiviral and application developments, but conflicting atomic models for the important cement proteins IIIa, VIII, and IX from conventional/film cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography studies have caused confusion. Using cutting-edge cryo-EM technology with electron counting, we improved the structure of human adenovirus type 5 and confirmed our previous models of cement proteins IIIa, VIII, and IX, thus clarifying the inconsistent structures. The improved structure also reveals atomic details of membrane-lytic protein VI and genome-condensing protein VII and supports the previously proposed genome-capsid coassembly mechanism for adenoviruses.

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