Дисертації з теми "PVBV"
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Morais, Douglas. "Avaliação da tensão superficial do PVB e da PA-6." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-07112008-093303/.
Повний текст джерелаIn the Rheology and Polymer Processing Laboratory of Escola Politécnica of the University of São Paulo, Polyamide-6 / poly(vinyl butiral) film blends have been studied as an alternative for the recycling of post-consumption laminated glasses. The mechanical properties of these blends were studied and explained in light of their morphology. The morphology of polymer blends strongly depends on the rheological behavior of the blend and on the interfacial tension between the polymers forming the blend. In the case of Poliamide-6 (PA-6)/poly(vinyl butiral) (PVB) film blends, the interfacial tension depends on the plasticizer concentration present in PVB film. However, to our knowledge neither the PA-6/PVB film interfacial tension nor the surface tension of PVB film at temperatures above softening temperatures have been evaluated. In this work, the surface tension of poly(vinyl butyral) and polyamide was evaluated using the pendant drop method. Also it was tried to evaluate the surface tension of PVB film as a function of plasticizer content. The surface tension values obtained were in the same range as the ones obtained for other molten polymers: the surface tension decreases with increasing temperature (for temperatures ranging from 240 to 260°C). However, the value of PVB film surface entropy ((d/dT) where is the surface tension and T is the temperature) was much larger than values reported for other molten polymers. This result was attributed to thermal stability of PVB film during the surface tension measurement. The drops of PVB film after surface tension analysis were examined for any change in their functional groups using infrared spectroscopy (FITIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV/VIS), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (XPS/ESCA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The results showed that changes in the chemical structure of PVB film occur during surface tension measurement. First, the plasticizer within the PVB film evaporates and, then, the PVB suffers reduction of polar units and creation of C=C bonds. The surface tension of PA-6 was evaluated for temperatures of 250 and 260°C. The PA-6 remained stable during tests.
Galdino, Debora Godoy. "Análise acústica não linear dos padrões visuais de dinâmica vocal (PVDV) de homens adultos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/82/82131/tde-29112013-095147/.
Повний текст джерелаThis work intended to describe the nonlinear dynamics of voices from adult men without vocal complaints using a qualitative analysis of Vocal Dynamics Visual Pattern (VDVP). 77 men speakers of Brazilian Portuguese, aged between 20-40 years old (mean 30 years ± 5.54 years), participated. For the nonlinear analysis a Phase Space Reconstruction was adopted and a two-dimensional graphic was generated from a routine developed on MatLab® 10.0. This graphic was qualitatively analyzed by a VDVP technique, which considers three aspects of the configuration: orbits loop numbers, regularity and spacing of the traces. Each aspect was classified in a scale ranging from 4 to 0, from the better to the worst configuration. All subjects had voice quality adapted on normal variability according to the results of the perceptual evaluation protocol for CAPE-V and acoustic analysis by the program MDVP Kay-Pentax. The perceptual analysis using CAPE-V protocol showed an average of 18,07 mm (± 4,14 mm), in Overall Severity of vowel /a/. On the acoustic analysis, means of 125,44 Hz (± 20,78 Hz) to F0; 0,85% (± 0,64%) for jitter; 3,23% (± 1,75%) for shimmer and 0,13 (± 0,02) for NHR using MDVP program. The results of nonlinear dynamics through PVDV proved with the number of loops in degree 4 (85.71% with a mean of 3.84 ± 0.40), regularity in degree 3 and 4 (both with 40.26% and mean of 3.12 ± 0.95) and degree 3 in spacing (58.44% and mean 2.95 ± 0.76). It was concluded that PVDV of the vowel /a/ of adult males Brazilians with adapted voices on the normal variability presented visual pattern characterized mostly by the presence of 4 or more loops, regular tracings or with discrete irregularities and spacing between lines of medium to small.
Santos, Miguel Bernardino dos. "Algumas contribuições ao Projeto Para Viver de Bem com os Bichos (PVBB) enfoque: fauna sinantrópica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-23032011-154120/.
Повний текст джерелаThe educative project How to live well with the animals has been applied to educational institutions in the city of São Paulo SP Brazil and has two modules: responsible pets ownership and the other synanthropic fauna. The current study was written to analyze the dynamics of the educational process, evaluating this research subjects in the role of re-passing the information about synanthropic animals. The course offered by the Municipal Center of Zoonosis Control (CCZ), in São Paulo (SP), is offered to multiplier teachers. This course was accompanied and the taught topics to the multipliers were evaluated by applying a self-filling-questionnaire, before and after the course. The teaching action on this taught topics, was accompanied in the school where two multipliers worked. The taught topics were evaluated in the same way again, but considering the teachers, who had received information from the two multipliers, and the children, who studied in the school, and these childrens parents or tutors. The self-filling-questionnaire was composed of free open answers in order to evaluate the taught topics. The topics were statistically studied by McNemar and Kappa concordance test. Another questionnaire with part-closed questions was used to study the social insertion which was studied by the Social Homogeneous Group (SHG) methodology. The correspondence analysis ANACOR-was used to study relations among the SHG and the taught points. The study indicated that PVBB project increases multipliers information about synanthropic animal, but the multiplier could not act on re-passing the information and technical taught to the teachers in the school. The participation of the multipliers in the course was not sufficient for preparing them to act in this way. According to the possibilities the teachers could re-pass part of the topics with their students. There was no sigificative impact on the students action of re-passing the information to their parents or tutors, but it was interesting to observe that the re-passing actions was different according to the homogeneous social group, and the possibility of dialogue between the child and the familiars. The use of SHG methodology could evaluate the social insertion and different association tendencies between the SHG and the answers written by the parents and tutors.
Farias, Italo Fernando. "Estudo da influência da radiação gama nas propriedades mecânicas e térmicas de \"elastômeros termoplásticos\" blendas de poli (cloreto de vinila) com poli (vinil butiral)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-11102018-083413/.
Повний текст джерелаThe wide range of polymer systems classified as blends has been increasingly targeted in the academic and scientific milieu. The possibility of obtaining multiple and combined properties, combined with the incorporation of polymer blends, enriches the research condition, thus opening up an extensive area of performance. In this work the study of the poly (vinyl butyral) plasticized polyvinyl chloride mixture from laminates for automotive windshield production was investigated, as well as the investigation of the effect of gamma irradiation with absorbed dose of 25 kGy, 30 kGy and 40 kGy, controlled with use of PMMA dosimeter and equivalent dose rate of 0-10 kGy.h-1. Variations of the mechanical and thermal properties of the samples were analyzed before and after exposure to gamma radiation. The formulations were constituted in different concentrations: PVC-C compound, PVB-R residue, PVC-C/PVB-R 90/10, PVC-C/PVB-R 50/50 and PVC-R/PVB-R 50/50. The polyvinyl chloride compound was formulated and added, exhibiting the behavior of a thermoplastic elastomer, a flexible product. Poly (vinyl butyral) ground chips were produced from laminates for the production of windshields. Both materials were incorporated in a single-thread granulator extruder and submitted to the calendering process to effect the mixing and formation of plastic blankets. The blankets were irradiated in a 60Co multipurpose reactor and characterized for verification of mechanical and thermal properties. In order to do so, the blends after exposure to gamma radiation presented mechanical properties and intermediate thermal properties of their components, showing a resistant material and low cost. By means of the scanning electron microscopy it obtained a reduction in the interfacial vessels showing an increase in the percolation capacity of the PVB in the PVC matrix, favoring its physical properties.
Yang, Ping. "Particle Vaporization Velocimetry and Quantitative Soot Concentration Measurement in Sooty Flows." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19843.
Повний текст джерелаWingren, Magdalena. "Windscreen study using a free moving headform : An investigation of windscreen behaviour when subjected to headform impact." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för teknik och samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-5382.
Повний текст джерелаKrauss, Vivian Alexandra. "Aplicação do sistema de ligantes PVB-PEG-AE e modelagem da etapa de extração na MPI de alumina." Florianópolis, SC, 2005. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/102594.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2013-07-16T01:22:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Um sistema de ligantes contendo alumina para moldagem por injeção foi testado com diferentes teores de carga sólida. O sistema de ligantes contendo três componentes, ácido esteárico (AE), polietilenoglicol (PEG) e polivinilbutiral (PVB) foi utilizado numa proporção de 2:1 de PEG:PVB e 25:1 de Al2O3:AE. As misturas foram caracterizadas por meio de reometria capilar. A mistura com melhores características para moldagem por injeção foi escolhida para o estudo de remoção de ligantes.
Llamas-Hernandez, Mayra. "Modélisation dynamique et caractérisation de films hybrides magnétiques de nanoparticules de polyvinylbutyral/oxyde de fer (PVB/Fe2O3) pour microactionneurs." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD034.
Повний текст джерелаThe overall objective of this research project is to model and control the dynamic behavior of a magnetic hybrid material developed at Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL, Mexico) and to explore its potential as microactuator. The hybrid material consists of a polymer matrix film of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) with iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3). The main motivation for this research project is to propose a physical model of the dynamic behavior of a magnetic hybrid film (Fe2O3/PVB) when it is submitted to an external magnetic field
Challarapu, Muralidhar. "Slurry based coatings on silicon based ceramics." Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1276196736.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 25, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-38). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center and also available in print.
Cormier, Ryan. "N-Acyl Ciprofloxacins: Synthesis, Antibacterial Activity and Effects on Molecular Loading of Poly(vinyl benzoate) Nanoparticles." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4018.
Повний текст джерелаAkter, Shaheda T., and Mohammad Khani. "Characterisation of laminated glass for structural applications." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för bygg- och energiteknik (BE), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26275.
Повний текст джерелаLindmark, Axel. "Pandemier och populism : En komparativ idéanalys om hur populistiska partiers syn på covid-19 pandemins restriktioner har ändrats." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55396.
Повний текст джерелаDandolov, Philip. "Europeanization as a cause of Euroscepticism : comparing the outlooks of parties in Eastern and Western Europe : Bulgaria (Ataka), Romania (PRM), the Netherlands (PVV) and Germany (die Republikaner)." Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636527.
Повний текст джерелаGhosh, Arijit. "Degradation of polymer/substrate interfaces - an attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy approach." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1291130563.
Повний текст джерелаMollá, Romano Sergio. "Application of Nanofibres in Polymer Composite Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/58611.
Повний текст джерела[ES] Las pilas de combustible de metanol directo son dispositivos factibles para la generación electroquímica eficiente de energía eléctrica si se pueden solucionar algunas cuestiones relacionadas tanto con los electrodos como las membranas. La investigación llevada a cabo en esta tesis doctoral se ha centrado particularmente en los problemas asociados con las membranas. Nafion es el material de membrana más común para pilas de combustible debido a su alta conductividad protónica y excepcional estabilidad química y mecánica. Sin embargo, padece una considerablemente alta permeabilidad al metanol y una limitada temperatura de operación (< 80 ºC). El primer aspecto se abordó con el uso de nanofibras de PVA y el segundo reemplazando Nafion con polímeros basados en SPEEK. Membranas compuestas de Nafion con nanofibras de PVA, funcionalizadas en su superficie con grupos ácidos sulfónicos, exhibieron menores permeabilidades al metanol debido a la propiedad barrera intrínseca del PVA, aunque la conductividad protónica también se vio afectada como resultado del comportamiento global no conductor de la fase de PVA. Remarcablemente, las nanofibras proporcionaron un refuerzo mecánico fuerte que permitió la preparación de membranas de bajo espesor (< 20 micrómetros) con unas pérdidas óhmicas reducidas, así contrarrestando sus menores conductividades protónicas. Se examinaron membranas basadas en SPEEK para la operación de pilas de combustible de metanol directo dentro del rango intermedio de temperaturas entre 80-140 ºC, en el que las lentas reacciones electroquímicas en los electrodos se aceleran y la conductividad protónica se activa. El SPEEK se combinó y entrecruzó con los polímeros de PVA y PVB para evitar su disolución en condiciones de agua caliente. Las composiciones de SPEEK-PVA mostraron conductividades protónicas funcionales y las mezclas de SPEEK-PVB presentaron permeabilidades al metanol muy bajas. Se prepararon y caracterizaron membranas nanocompuestas constituidas por nanofibras de SPEEK-30%PVB embebidas en una matriz de SPEEK-35%PVA. Una membrana nanocompuesta entrecruzada a 120 ºC reveló resultados prometedores para pilas de combustible de metanol directo operando a temperaturas intermedias. Se puede concluir que la electrohilatura es una técnica apropiada para la obtención de mallas de nanofibras poliméricas destinadas a membranas compuestas avanzadas con características y rendimientos en pilas de combustible mejorados.
[CAT] Les piles de combustible de metanol directe són dispositius factibles per a la generació electroquímica eficient d'energia elèctrica si es poden solucionar algunes qüestions relacionades tant amb els elèctrodes com les membranes. La investigació duta a terme en esta tesi doctoral s'ha centrat particularment en els problemes associats amb les membranes. Nafion és el material de membrana més comú per a piles de combustible a causa de la seua alta conductivitat protònica i excepcional estabilitat química i mecànica. No obstant això, patix una considerablement alta permeabilitat al metanol i una limitada temperatura d'operació (< 80 ºC). El primer aspecte es va abordar amb l'ús de nanofibres de PVA i el segon reemplaçant Nafion amb polímers basats en SPEEK. Membranes compostes de Nafion amb nanofibres de PVA, funcionalizades en la seua superfície amb grups àcids sulfónics, van exhibir menors permeabilitats al metanol a causa de la propietat barrera intrínseca del PVA, encara que la conductivitat protònica també es va veure afectada com resultat del comportament global no conductor de la fase de PVA. Remarcablement, les nanofibres van proporcionar un reforç mecànic fort que va permetre la preparació de membranes de baixa grossària (< 20 micròmetres) amb unes pèrdues òhmiques reduïdes, així contrarestant les seues menors conductivitats protòniques. Es van examinar membranes basades en SPEEK per a l'operació de piles de combustible de metanol directe dins del rang intermedi de temperatures entre 80-140 ºC, en el que les lentes reaccions electroquímiques en els elèctrodes s'acceleren i la conductivitat protònica s'activa. El SPEEK es va combinar i va entrecreuar amb els polímers de PVA i PVB per a evitar la seua dissolució en condicions d'aigua calenta. Les composicions de SPEEK-PVA van mostrar conductivitats protòniques funcionals i les mescles de SPEEK-PVB van presentar permeabilitats al metanol molt baixes. Es van preparar i caracteritzar membranes nanocompostes constituïdes per nanofibres de SPEEK-30%PVB embegudes en una matriu de SPEEK-35%PVA. Una membrana nanocomposta entrecreuada a 120 ºC va revelar resultats prometedors per a piles de combustible de metanol directe operand a temperatures intermèdies. Es pot concloure que l'electrofilatura és una tècnica apropiada per a l'obtenció de malles de nanofibres polimériques destinades a membranes compostes avançades amb característiques i rendiments en piles de combustible millorats.
Mollá Romano, S. (2015). Application of Nanofibres in Polymer Composite Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/58611
TESIS
Premiado
Botz, Martin [Verfasser], Geralt [Akademischer Betreuer] Siebert, Geralt [Gutachter] Siebert, and Jens [Gutachter] Schneider. "Beitrag zur versuchstechnischen und numerischen Beschreibung von Verbundglas mit PVB-Zwischenschicht im intakten und gebrochenen Zustand / Martin Botz ; Gutachter: Geralt Siebert, Jens Schneider ; Akademischer Betreuer: Geralt Siebert ; Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Bauingenieurwesen und Umweltwissenschaften." Neubiberg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität der Bundeswehr München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1222619679/34.
Повний текст джерелаBotz, Martin [Verfasser], Geralt [Akademischer Betreuer] Siebert, Geralt Gutachter] Siebert, and Jens [Gutachter] [Schneider. "Beitrag zur versuchstechnischen und numerischen Beschreibung von Verbundglas mit PVB-Zwischenschicht im intakten und gebrochenen Zustand / Martin Botz ; Gutachter: Geralt Siebert, Jens Schneider ; Akademischer Betreuer: Geralt Siebert ; Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Bauingenieurwesen und Umweltwissenschaften." Neubiberg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität der Bundeswehr München, 2020. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:706-6846.
Повний текст джерелаMARCHISIO, SILVIA. "Composite Materials reinforced by Carbon Nanotubes." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2506164.
Повний текст джерелаAndersson, Simon. "Point-of-care beta-hydroxybutyrate determination for the management of diabetic ketoacidosis based on flexible laser-induced graphene electrode system." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Sensor- och aktuatorsystem, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-179116.
Повний текст джерелаSabharwal, Pallavi. "Molecular Insights into the Structure and Function of Pepper Vein Banding Virus Encoded Proteins and Endocytic Uptake Pathway of Virus-like Particles into Mammalian Cells." Thesis, 2017. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4282.
Повний текст джерелаRoy, Anindya. "Molecular Characterization Of Capsid Protein And Nuclear Inclusion Protein Of Pepper Vein Banding Virus." Thesis, 2004. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/1144.
Повний текст джерелаRoy, Anindya. "Molecular Characterization Of Capsid Protein And Nuclear Inclusion Protein Of Pepper Vein Banding Virus." Thesis, 2004. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1144.
Повний текст джерелаGomez, Elaine. "Tandem Reactions of Carbon Dioxide Reduction and Hydrocarbon Transformation." Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-pvb5-rr62.
Повний текст джерелаMathur, Chhavi. "Characterization Of Structural And Non-structural Proteins Of Positive Sense, Single-stranded RNA Plant Viruses." Thesis, 2012. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2442.
Повний текст джерелаMathur, Chhavi. "Characterization Of Structural And Non-structural Proteins Of Positive Sense, Single-stranded RNA Plant Viruses." Thesis, 2012. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2442.
Повний текст джерелаLai, Chiu-Mei, and 賴秋梅. "Optimal heating process of double-layer annular cylinders composed of PVB/Ni and PVB/YSZ." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62383214483153343008.
Повний текст джерела元智大學
化學工程與材料科學學系
96
The optimum heating trajectories of fabricating Ni/PVB and YSZ/PVB double-layer cylinder in different sample size and geometric proportional condition were successfully simulated. The system model is described by transport equation and the dynamic equation of polymer degradation. The dynamic optimization of polymer binder burnout processes was evaluated for a 2-D bi-layer cylinder in different sample porosities and atmospheres. Optimal heating trajectories of the binder removal processes to minimize the burnout time were estimated by the proposed algorithm. The process model can be constructed by chemical kinetics of the polymer burnout and the mass transport of volatile gas evolved from polymer burnout inside the bi-layer cylinder. The results show that the ceramic center pressure will increase when heating rate increase. Sample size will affect build-up pressure generation in ceramic center The pressure is higher for the PVB/YSZ-inside and PVB/Ni-outside (CiMo) samples than the PVB/Ni-inside and PVB/YSZ-outside(CoMi) case. The reaction time of CoMi case is earlier than the one of CiMo case. The optimal heating trajectories was determined by the dynamic optimization method. It also can improve productivity and reduce the cost of process time further.
Hsia-YuTai and 戴遐妤. "Mixing aerogels into PVB films used for laminated glazing." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83650570970211140090.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
機械工程學系
103
This research focus on adding aerogel into PVB and make PVB films, also assemble PVB film with glazing into laminated glazing. With observation and characterization of PVB film and laminated glass. We recognize the advantages and disadvantages of different process, which give us idea of improving. In addition, the research also involved in improving the preparation of aerogels. In this research, the result shows that now the PVB film which aerogel added haven’t manage to have good insulation property meanwhile keep the optic transmittance. In process1, process2, process4, the PVB film didn’t improve in insulation property. In process 3 and process 5, the insulation property improves due to thermal conductivity declined, however, the films from these processes came across the missing of light transmittance. For laminated glazing, we adopted the films made in process 5, and in two different recipes. The result shows that the laminated glass with PVB films containing aerogel had lower thermal conductivity compared to those with pure PVB films, UV transmittance and shading coefficient(SC) all declined, but visible light transmittance declined, too. Although there are some improvement in laminated glass when aerogel added, we still have to improve to in order to meet the standard of green building material.
Luo, Chuang-yu, and 羅創宇. "Synthesis of ZnS/PVB nanocomposite fiber and ZnS nanoparticle." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22886917996277170580.
Повний текст джерела國立臺南大學
材料科學系碩士班
101
In this study by use the electrospinning technique to prepared the ZnS/PVB nanofiber precursor. In the synthesis process could be prepared the thin ZnS/PVB nanofiber precursor by adjust voltage, flow rate, working distance and the PVB wt%. And finally calcination these ZnS/PVB nanofiber to synthesis ZnS nanomaterial. Another experimental, through hydrothermal method to synthesis ZnS nanofiber by used the ZnS/PVB nanofiber precursor, in the hydrothermal process by change the reaction solvent to synthesis ZnS. For example,1:X ( X=1-7 ) volume ratio of DI water and ethylenediamine,1:X ( X=1-7 ) volume ratio of ethylenediamine ,1:1 volume ratio of DI water and ethylenediamine and DI water, ethylenediamine and DI water. Finally, by using the XRD、SEM、TEM and EDX to analysis the product of the structure and morpgology.
Gonçalves, Manuel António Soares Arieiro. "Análise comparativa de intercalares para vidro estrutural: SGP | PVB. Ações de curta e longa duração." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/93514.
Повний текст джерелаApesar de ser um material relativamente recente na construção, o vidro é, hoje em dia, cada vez mais requisitado tanto por arquitectos, como por donos de obra, que com este implementam nos edifícios uma certa ideia de futuro. O vidro tem também um grande potencial energético, que caso não seja bem estudado e revisto poderá traduzir-se em problemas graves quer para o edifício quer para as pessoas que o utilizam, podendo criar o chamado “efeito de estufa”, o que levará ao problema de eficiência energética a médio e longo prazo, facto que é tão debatido na actualidade.Assim é necessária a colmatação de algumas falhas na regulamentação vidreira, nomeadamente no fabrico, transporte e dimensionamento de vidro estrutural. Estas lacunas traduzem-se em montantes avultados gastos pelos construtores a ensaiar modelos à escala real, já que cada edifício assim construído, é por si só um caso de estudo, não havendo um procedimento a seguir para dimensionar vidro estrutural. Faltam normas de qualidade, dado que neste momento cada empresa vidreira produz por si só, faltam normas para o transporte e acondicionamento do vidro, que é por natureza um material frágil. Tudo isto faz com que o projetista não saiba ao certo a qualidade do vidro que chega à obra.Nesta dissertação pretende-se colmatar algumas dessas lacunas especialmente na forma como se utiliza uma das inúmeras soluções, o vidro laminado, nomeadamente a sua resistência e a capacidade de carga mesmo após a quebra. Para colmatar este conhecimento pretende-se analisar laboratorialmente o comportamento de diferentes tipos de laminação e comparar os seus resultados.A partir deste trabalho tenciona-se preparar um modelo numérico para tornar mais expedita e sustentável a aplicação deste tipo de solução, sem ser necessário recorrer a práticas experimentais à escala real cada vez que seja necessário implementar uma solução deste tipo.
Nowadays glass is increasingly required, both by architects and by owners since it is a relatively a recent material, which represents a certain idea of the future. The glass also has a great energetic potential, that if it is not well studied and revised it can translate into serious problems for both the building and the people who use it. Glass is capable of creating the so-called "greenhouse effect" that will lead to the medium and long term energy efficiency problem, a problem that is hotly debated today.To make this possible and feasible, it is necessary to fill some flaws in glass regulation, namely in the manufacture of structural glass transport and dimensioning. These gaps cause builders to spend large amounts only on rehearsing full-scale models, since each building is itself a case study, and there is no procedure to be followed to design structural glass. Quality standards are lacking since each glass company produces by itself, there are no standard for the transportation and packaging of glass, which is by nature fragile. This makes the designer not know for sure the quality of the glass that comes to the construction site.This dissertation intends to fill some of these gaps, particularly in the use of laminated glass, namely its strength and load capacity even after breaking. To fill this knowledge, we intend to analyze the behavior of different types of laminations and compare their results.From this work we intend to prepare a numerical model to make the application of this type of solution more expeditious and sustainable, without having to resort to real-scale experimental practices whenever a solution needs to be implemented.
Channa, I. A., A. D. Chandio, M. Rizwan, A. A. Shah, J. Bhatti, A. K. Shah, F. Hussain, Muhammad A. Shar, and A. AlHazaa. "Solution processed PVB/mica flake coatings for the encapsulation of organic solar cells." 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18504.
Повний текст джерелаOrganic photovoltaics (OPVs) die due to their interactions with environmental gases, i.e., moisture and oxygen, the latter being the most dangerous, especially under illumination, due to the fact that most of the active layers used in OPVs are extremely sensitive to oxygen. In this work we demonstrate solution-based effective barrier coatings based on composite of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB)and mica flakes for the protection of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-based organic solar cells (OSCs)against photobleaching under illumination conditions. In the first step we developed a protective layer with cost effective and environmentally friendly methods and optimized its properties in terms of transparency, barrier improvement factor, and bendability. The developed protective layer maintained a high transparency in the visible region and improved oxygen and moisture barrier quality by the factor of ~7. The resultant protective layers showed ultra-flexibility, as no significant degradation in protective characteristics were observed after 10 K bending cycles. In the second step, a PVB/mica composite layer was applied on top of the P3HT film and subjected to photo-degradation. The P3HT films coated with PVB/mica composite showed improved stability under constant light irradiation and exhibited a loss of <20% of the initial optical density over the period of 150 h. Finally, optimized barrier layers were used as encapsulation for organic solar cell (OSC) devices. The lifetime results confirmed that the stability of the OSCs was extended from few hours to over 240 h in a sun test (65◦C, ambient RH%) which corresponds to an enhanced lifetime by a factor of 9 compared to devices encapsulated with pristine PVB.
Higher Education Commission of Pakistan through NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan and “The APC was funded by Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University for funding through Vice Deanship of Scientific Research Chairs”.
lin, Ying-Chich, and 林英傑. "The Effects of PVB Elastomer Contents for Toughed Nylon 6,6 on Mechanical Properties." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15337071494346933258.
Повний текст джерела中國文化大學
造紙印刷研究所
86
ABSTRACT The toughed effects of PA66 modified with recycled scrap material, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), blending with SEBS-g-MA (Kraton 1901X) are discussed. Typical systems include PA66/SEBS-g-MA=85/15, 75/25 and PA66/SEBS-g-MA/SEBS=80/10/10 repectively. Besides understanding what''''s the role of PVB in the system, the importance of twin-screw configurations is emphasized in this study. Based on morphology, rheology and mechanical properties, the interaction compatibilizer and PVB for PA66/SEBS-g- MA=85/15 system including the effects of twin-screw configurations can be understood. The results show tensile modulus increases from 2161 MPa to 2602 MPa with increasing amounts of PVB from 0 wt% to 7 wt%; and slight decrease in elongation from 72.9% to 48.3%. The impact strength at room temperature decreases from 1034.4 J/m to 360.5 J/m for PA66/SEBS-g-MA=75/25 system in 1/4 inch. Meanwhile, the bttle-ductile transition temperature (DBTT) increases with increasing from -5℃ to none in 1/4 inch, similar trends obtained in other systems. i.e., increase in modulus, DBTT and decrease in elongation and impact strength. However, in a certain system like PA66/SEBS-g-MA/PVB=75/22/3, 85/14/1, the slight change in mechanical properties is found with suitable amounts of substitution for instance, impact strength of 1122.4 J/m for PA66/SEBS-g-MA/PVB=/22/3 in 1/8 inch is still acceptable in the industry. This might be attributed to the low interfacial bonding of PVB with nylon in view of morphology. Generally speaking, the viscosity drops with increasing the amount of PVB. Through morphology observing, its particle size is larger when PVB contents are higher. The range is from 0.23 (m to 0.95 (m. It indicated PVB and SEBS-g-MA can''''t form core-shell structure, thus the impact streng reduced due to the addition of PVB. The certain level of kneading disk could improve the mixing performance. Therefore, the higher impact strength could also be reached.
Bora, Pritom Jyoti. "Design and Tailoring of Polymer Composite Ultra-thin Films for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding." Thesis, 2017. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4728.
Повний текст джерелаTung, Ming-Te, and 童明德. "Investigation of PVB binder photo-degradation by nano-Titanium photo-catalyst in green ceramic body." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96632848923465767955.
Повний текст джерела元智大學
化學工程學系
93
Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of PVB (poly(vinyl butyral)) with nano-TiO2 as photocatalyst was investigated in the room temperature under ultraviolet light irradiation. Kinetic parameters of the composite sample were estimated by thermogravimetry (TG) measurements. Solid-phase photocatalytic reaction mechanism of PVB/TiO2 sample is conducted by diffuse reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The morphologies of irradiated PVB/TiO2 samples were carried out by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic forces microscope (AFM) analysis. Results revealed that photo-degradation of PVB binder are removable. The kinetic analysis of the PVB photo-degradation was carried out. The PVB photo-degradation experiments exhibit that higher composition of TiO2, near distance of UV lighting; thinner coating films and the use of glass substrate can accelerate the degradation rate. In addition, the PVB photo-degradation rate can be increased when wet air condition was applied. Furthermore, the degradation mechanism was proposed from the analytical results.
Hsieh, Yu-Ping, and 謝俞枰. "Kinetic Analysis of Thermal degradation of PVB/Glass Ceramic with Nano-Silica in LTCC processing." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80096487621326323723.
Повний текст джерела元智大學
化學工程學系
92
Kinetic analysis of thermal degradation of poly(vinyl butyral)(PVB)/glass ceramic with nano-silica was investigated in different atmosphere, composition, and operating conditions. Kinetic triplets and reaction pathways of the composite sample were analyzed by thermogravimetry (TG) and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) measurements using the proposed algorithm. Results of the kinetic analysis revealed that the thermal degradation mechanism of the composites is multiple reaction steps. In nitrogen atmosphere, the degradation temperature of the composites is higher because of the presence of nano-silica. In air atmosphere, the effects of nano-silica on PVB/ glass ceramic thermal degradation were verified by detecting the volatile gas.
Marinho, Bruno Filipe dos Santos. "Caracterização experimental do vidro laminado como material estrutural : avaliação da influência dos elementos intercalares e da temperatura." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/29648.
Повний текст джерелаA transformação no uso do vidro a que se assistiu nas últimas décadas deve-se, entre outros fatores, às novas tendências arquitetónicas e à evolução tecnológica associada à produção deste material. Verifica-se, desde o início do século passado, a sua utilização em grande escala na construção, tornando-se necessário o desenvolvimento de novos conhecimentos e soluções no âmbito das suas propriedades químicas e físicas, de forma a satisfazer os requisitos impostos pelas mais arrojadas obras atualmente construídas. Assim, a acompanhar esta tendência, assiste-se a uma preocupação crescente em considerar questões de segurança no que respeita à sua utilização com funções estruturais. Sabe-se que o vidro, quando utilizado como material estrutural, apresenta algumas desvantagens em relação a outros materiais tradicionais, salientando-se a reduzida resistência à tração e o comportamento frágil. Uma das soluções encontradas para aumentar a sua resistência pós-rotura é a associação a um outro material. A laminação é a técnica mais frequente, onde o vidro é associado a um polímero de modo a conseguir um comportamento mais seguro com a utilização de múltiplas camadas. Apesar dos desenvolvimentos recentes, os engenheiros de estruturas continuam a ter dificuldade em tomar decisões relacionadas com a utilização de vidro estrutural, tais como: o número de camadas a utilizar; a espessura das respetivas camadas; o número de películas intercalares; a resistência exigida após a rotura; o período em que é necessário assegurar essa resistência; o tipo de películas intercalares, entre outras. Tendo estes constrangimentos como base, recorreu-se à realização de ensaios experimentais com o objetivo de avaliar fenómenos relevantes do comportamento estrutural do vidro laminado. Nestes ensaios, procurou-se medira influência da variação da temperatura e a influência do tipo de material intercalar utilizado. Complementarmente, procurou-se testar a presença de um reforço que consiste numa chapa fina e perfurada de aço inoxidável posicionada na camada intercalar dos dois vidros. O objetivo é avaliar a sua contribuição para a capacidade resistente e ductilidade do composto laminado.
The use of glass in recent decades is due, among other factors, to new architectural trends and developments in technology associated with the production of this material. From the beginning of the last century, it has been widely used in construction, making it increasingly necessary to develop new knowledge and solutions concerning their physical and chemical properties, in order to meet the requirements imposed by the boldest buildings currently constructed. Following this trend, there has been a growing concern in considering safety issues related to its structural use in buildings. It is known that glass, used as a structural material, has some disadvantages compared to other traditional materials, in particular, reduced tensile strength and brittle behavior. One of the solutions to increase strength after breakdown is to combine glass with other materials. Lamination is the most common technique, where the glass is linked to a polymer in order to achieve a safer behavior with the use of multiple layers. Despite recent developments, structural engineers still have some difficulties in taking decisions regarding the use of a glass structure, such as the number of layers to be used, the thickness of the respective layers, the number, the type and the thickness of intermediate films, the required strength after breakage, the time that is necessary to ensure that resistance, among others. Taking these issues into consideration, it was decided to perform experimental tests in order to evaluate relevant phenomena associated with the structural behavior of laminated glass. These tests tried to evaluate the influence of temperature variation and the influence of the type of interlayer used. In addition, specimens strengthened with a thin plate of perforated stainless steel positioned between the two glass sheets was fabricated and tested, in order to assess their contribution to the bearing capacity and ductility of the composite laminate.
童明德. "柰米二氧化鈦光觸媒對陶瓷坯體中之高分子黏結劑 PVB 光裂解探討". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79204515949822837484.
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