Статті в журналах: "PV BASED MICRO GRID"

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Zhao, Hui, Han Wang, Hong Jun Wang, and You Jun Yue. "Grid-Connection Control of PV Power Generation in Micro-Grid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 391 (September 2013): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.391.311.

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In the analysis of PV cells mathematical model based on the use of the admittance incremental method with constant voltage integrated maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method. In the micro-grid, PV power generation using the constant power (PQ) control, to achieve active and reactive power control. Matlab / Simulink simulation environment model of PV cells and an integrated method for maximum power point tracking, simulation results show that the synthesis method faster track to the maximum power point of the PV installations. Established PQ control model of micro-grid which based on the SVPWM, PV installations connected to the grid after the LCL filter, simulations show that the tracking of active and reactive power through the PQ control.

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Premkumar, Manoharan, Kanagarathinam Karthick, and Rayichandran Sowmya. "A Review on Solar PV Based Grid Connected Microinverter Control Schemes and Topologies." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 7, no. 2 (July 10, 2018): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.2.171-182.

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From the last decade, there is an increase in the demand of electricity, this will causing depletion in the fossil fuels which results increase in cost. So the focus is shifted to use of renewable energy sources along with the only utility grid but it is not sufficient to supply the power different loads. To overcome these problems, micro-grid (MG) is introduced and it is powered by renewable distributed generation (DG) systems, such as, micro turbines, fuel cells, PV and wind generation due to the limited fossil fuel. Out of the above sources, solar energy provides extraordinary benefits including environmental friendly, surplus availability and low installation cost due to the advanced technology and mass production. The solar grid connected micro inverters gain lot of intention in past few years due to its simple construction, reliability and endurability. Moreover, the grid connected micro inverter has high reliability and it can operate in abnormal conditions also like variations in voltage and current. The micro-inverter has attracted recent market success due to unique features such as lower installation cost, improved energy harvesting, and improved system efficiency. This article gives detailed review on different topologies for grid connected solar PV micro-inverter and suggests the reliable, suitable and efficient topology for micro-inverter.Article History: Received Dec 16th 2017; Received in revised form May 14th 2018; Accepted June 1st 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Premkumar, M., Karthick, K and Sowmya, R. (2018) A Review on Solar PV Based Grid Connected Microinverter Control Schemes and Topologies. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(2), 171-182.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.2.171-182

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Xue, Lei, Li Bin Wang, Zhi Gang Wang, and Shu Ying Li. "Energy Management System Research for Wind-PV-ES Hybrid Microgrid Based on Storage Battery." Advanced Materials Research 660 (February 2013): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.660.139.

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Energy management strategy is important to keep microgrid stable. In this paper, energy management strategy of Wind-PV-ES hybrid microgrid is proposed. Due to the power output of wind and PV are unknown quantities, the key point of Wind-PV-ES hybrid energy management lies in the energy management of storage battery. The flow charts of energy management strategy are given in detail and Wind-PV-ES microgrid model is built with DigSILENT/PowerFactory. Then the transition state simulation as to the micro-grid mode switching process is carried out. The result shows that the proposed energy management strategy could keep connected bus voltage and micro-grid frequency stable in grid-connected mode, islanding mode and during micro-grid mode switching.

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Gbadega, Peter Anuoluwapo, and Olufunke Abolaji Balogun. "Active and Reactive Power Droop Controller Design for Reliable and Optimal Control of Renewable-Based Micro-Grid." Advanced Engineering Forum 41 (July 7, 2021): 111–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.41.111.

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Technical concerns about micro-grid dynamics, particularly in autonomous (island) mode necessitate revision of current paradigms in control of energy systems. Advanced control techniques are imperative segments for micro-grid realization. In general, micro-grids and the integration of distributed energy resources (DER) units introduce a number of operational challenges that required to be addressed in the control design and protection systems such that the reliability and stability levels are not affected significantly and subsequently ensured that the distributed generations (DGs) potential benefits are wholly harnessed. In this paper, the micro-grid coordination strategy was investigated by simply analysing the present micro-grid situation and various control strategies. More so, active-reactive power (P/Q) and droop controller based on proportional-integral (PI) and model predictive control (MPC) were designed to control the inverter output of the micro-sources. A micro-grid model, which has two photovoltaic (PV) and one wind turbine (WT) blocks, were built in MATLAB/Simulink to simulate the following three cases in this study. The three cases are as follows, the switching of operation mode between the grid connected and islanded mode, increasing and decreasing of loads in islanded mode and the disconnection of one PV system at a certain time in islanded mode. Therefore, through the simulation analyses, the MPC controller utilized in this micro-grid as compared to the PI controller, achieved desirable efficiency of the inverter’s power control and shared the load power effectively.

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Rajanna, B. V., SVNL Lalitha, Ganta Joga Rao, and S. K. Shrivastava. "Solar Photovoltaic Generators with MPPT and Battery Storage in Microgrids." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i3.pp701-712.

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Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of a photo voltaic system with different temperature and insolation conditions used for Micro grids can be explained in this paper. The different steps of the design of this controller are presented together with its simulation and the feasibility of control methods to be adopted for the operation of a micro grid when it becomes isolated. Normally, the micro grid operates in interconnected mode with the medium voltage network; however, scheduled or forced isolation can take place. In such conditions, the micro grid must have the ability to operate stably and autonomously. An evaluation of the need of storage devices and load to take off strategies is included in this paper. Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy has witnessed double-digit growth in the past decade. The penetration of PV systems as distributed generators in low-voltage grids has also seen significant attention. In addition, the need for higher overall grid efficiency and reliability has boosted the interest in the microgrid concept. High-efficiency PV-based microgrids require maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controllers to maximize the harvested energy due to the nonlinearity in PV module characteristics. This paper proposes an approach of coordinated and integrated control of solar PV generators with the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control and battery storage control to provide voltage and frequency (V-f) support to an islanded microgrid. The simulation studies are carried out with the IEEE 13-bus feeder test system in grid connected and islanded microgrid modes. The MPPT of a Photovoltaic System for Micro Grid operation is successfully designed and simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink Software in this paper.

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Wang, Xiaobin, and Hairong Zou. "A coordinated control strategy based on Photovoltaic-hybrid energy storage system." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126101012.

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Photovoltaic power generation is changing day by day, but its system has drawbacks. To compensate for the shortcomings of PV power generation system, the micro-grid system of PV power generation with HES is constructed by using the complementary characteristics of battery and supercapacitor. On the basis of this, we introduce a fuzzy control to realize the fast response of hybrid energy system. A micro-grid model is built based on Matlab/Simulink to verify the feasibility and rationality of the proposed control strategy.

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Nishrina, A. G. Abdullah, A. Risdiyanto, and ABD Nandiyanto. "Hybrid Energy System Design of Micro Hydro-PV-biogas Based Micro-grid." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 180 (March 2017): 012080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/180/1/012080.

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Bhanja, Archan, Anil Kumar, and Anshuman Gupta. "Solar Equipment Based Micro Grid in Hilly Terrains of Rural India - A Broad Perspective." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.b8241.1210220.

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Rural electrification is an essential requirement for improving the lives of people residing in rural areas and improving their image among the international community. To install Photo Voltaic (PV) panels in isolated regions as per government plans and regulations, solar-based micro grids are needed for Efficiency in the Energy Sector. There are many components required for installing and operating a micro grid. In addition, the location of the micro grid also plays a vital role in the installation. To analyze the difficulties and challenges, especially in hilly terrains, a detailed review of the factors involved in installation of solar-based micro grid is carried out. The general challenges involving the technical difficulties such as the stability, reliability, power imbalance, control and operation are presented in this paper. Stand-alone models of micro grids are described along with its advantages. The government initiatives like subsidies and funding for rural electrification is discussed. As a case study, two micro grids in India, one at Ladakh and one at west Bengal are presented. These case studies bring out the problems and issues faced during the rural electrification and recommendations were given for the future scope.

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Iksan, Nur, Purwanto, and Heri Sutanto. "Smart Micro Grid Architecture for Realtime Monitoring of Solar Photovoltaic Based on Internet of Things." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1203, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1203/1/012042.

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Abstract The use of PV solar energy as an alternative renewable energy source has increased worldwide. The smart grid monitoring system is applied on a micro scale for the fulfilment of household electricity needs or Smart Home Micro Grid (SHMG) using Artificial Intelligent (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) approaches. Problems in solar PV systems include uncertainty and non-linearity which have an impact on the increasingly complex structure of the energy data generated and accelerate control and decision making. The forecasting process carried out using the AI approach is indispensable for the utilization of PV systems, especially for distributed residential PV that is operated and maintained independently. Furthermore, the use of IoT technology is also important to accelerate information processing and improve performance in the monitoring system. The purpose of this research is to develop a solar PV monitoring system framework at SHMG to optimize the performance of the electricity supply sourced from solar PV basen on IoT.

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Madhu, G. N. "Grid Integration using ANFIS for Hybrid DG and Storage Units to Control and Manage Power." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 782–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38497.

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Abstract: The significant role in the DC micro grid is renewable sources like hydrogen energy, Photovoltaic (PV), and wind systems. However, the difficult task in the DC micro grid is to balance the power generation and load demand due to the continuous changes in sustainable sources. In this study, focused on the power control and stabilize the power at different dynamic conditions with power management approaches. In this paper, fuel cell (FC), lithium-ion based batteries and super capacitors (SC) are proposed with PV based DC micro grid system for improving the system performance. Furthermore, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is suggested in this system for mitigating the deviations in PV plant due to variations in temperature. The suggested system has been designed on the MATLAB environment. The simulation results reveal that the suggested approaches give better improvement in various operating conditions with ANFIS approach. Keywords: PV system, Fuel cell, supercapacitor, ANFIS, DC Microgrid.

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Li, Shen Qing, Tian Jun Xu, Bin Zhang, and Jun Yang. "Hierarchical Control System for PV Microgrid Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.224.

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DC microgrid can effectively play to the value and benefits of the distributed power supply, communication than micro grid-connected have the ability to stronger more flexible refactoring and therefore become a new trend micro grid-connected technology research. Based on photovoltaic DC microgrid as example, this paper aimed at the DC microgrid voltage stability problem, proposes a layered coordination control DC bus voltage, the method is based on the detection and control of DC bus voltage variation to coordinate photovoltaic battery energy storage interface, net side interface and the interface converter works, ensure that under different conditions can keep the grid-connected in active power balance. Using Matlab/Simulink simulation and experimental verification, the results verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the method.

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Gbadega, Peter Anuoluwapo, and Yan Xia Sun. "JAYA Algorithm-Based Energy Management for a Grid-Connected Micro-Grid with PV-Wind-Microturbine-Storage Energy System." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 63 (March 30, 2023): 159–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-du1983.

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In this study, the Jaya optimization algorithm is used to address the micro-grid energy management optimization problem using a hybrid PV-wind-microturbine-storage energy system. The main goals of this study are to reduce environmental pollution, increase microturbine operating efficiency, and minimize the cost of power generated. The overall objective of the proposed optimization method employed in the PV-WECS system is to run the PV-WECS systems at full capacity while running the microturbine when the PV-WECS systems are unable to produce all of the required power. The amount of emissions and costs of generated energy are reduced when BESS is used in the microgrid system. Furthermore, it is observed from the results that there is about 61.39% cost saving in the micro-grid operational costs and 38% carbon emissions reductions using the proposed optimization algorithm compared to the other metaheuristic algorithms used in this study. To demonstrate the appropriateness and supremacy of the proposed algorithm over the various optimization techniques for energy management of the proposed micro-grid systems, simulation results from the proposed algorithm are compared with those from other population-based metaheuristic algorithms, such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Differential Evolution (DE), Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO), and Genetic Algorithms (GA). It is clear that the proposed algorithm outperforms and produces better results than the existing metaheuristic optimization techniques. More importantly, it illustrates the viability and efficacy of the proposed JAYA optimization approach in addressing the issue of energy management for large-scale power systems.

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Et.al, N. Pooja. "Energy Management System Designed for Residential Grid connected Micro Grid." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 4627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.1867.

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This paper presents an energy management system supported by PI Controller for a residential grid connected micro grid with renewable hybrid generation (wind and photo voltaic) and battery system. Modeling hybrid system includes non conventional energy sources given at sporadic supply conditions and dynamic energy demand, and to make conceptual energy storage with the help of battery system . Designing an appropriate scheme that dynamically changes modes of renewable integrated system based on the availability of RES power and changes in load. Wind,PV are the primary power supply of the system; battery is going to be act as a substitute.The PI controller is developed and carried out for the aimed hybrid(Wind and PV) energy system to integrate the non conventional energy sources to the serviceability either to grid or to Residential loads.main objective is improvement of transients during switching periods by using an efficient PI controller.maximum power point tracking is also other objective is energy management system designed for the residential grid connected Micro Grid. Simulations are carried out on the proposed Hybrid energy system using MATLAB/ SIMULINK.

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Chaitanya, N., P. Sujatha, and K. Chandra Sekhar. "Current Controller Based Power Management Strategy for Interfacing DG Units to Micro Grid." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 5 (October 1, 2017): 2300. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i5.pp2300-2308.

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This paper proposes a power management strategy of parallel inveters based system, to enhance the power generation capacity of the existing system with distributed energy sources one has to choose DG source based inverter connected in parallel with the existing system.Two DG sources PV, Fuel cells feeds the DC voltage to two parallel inverters connected to the grid. Fixed band hysteresis current control with Instantaneous p-q power theory is adopted to create an artificial environment. Two parallel inverters are able to deliver the harvested power from PV, FC to grid and able to balance the load Without communication between parallel inverters this controller having the capability of load following, the harmonic components of currents at output of inverter are also very low; this will automatically reduces the circulating currents between parallel inverters. Simulation studies are carried out to investigate the results of PV, FC systems connected to the utility grid.

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K/bidi, Fabrice, Cédric Damour, Dominique Grondin, Mickaël Hilairet, and Michel Benne. "Power Management of a Hybrid Micro-Grid with Photovoltaic Production and Hydrogen Storage." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 1628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061628.

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To deal with energy transition due to climate change and a rise in average global temperature, photovoltaic (PV) conversion appears to be a promising technology in sunny regions. However, PV production is directly linked with weather conditions and the day/night cycle, which makes it intermittent and random. Therefore, it makes sense to combine it with Energy Storage Systems (ESS) to ensure long-term energy availability for non-interconnected micro-grids. Among all technological solutions, electrolytic hydrogen produced by renewable energies seems an interesting candidate. In this context, this paper proposes a control strategy dedicated to hydrogen storage integration in micro-grids for a better use of PV production. The objective is to optimize the management of the micro-grid with proton exchange membrane Fuel Cell (FC), alkaline Electrolyzer (El), lithium-ion Batteries Energy Storage System (BESS) and PV, according to the system state and PV production intermittency. First, a control strategy based on a Distributed explicit Model Predictive Control (DeMPC) is developed to define current references for FCs, Els and batteries. Secondly, the performance of the control strategy is validated in simulation and confirmed on a Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop test bench.

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Medyakov, Andrey A., Denis M. Lastochkin, and Aleksey P. Ostashenkov. "Improving a no-failure operation of a PV systems with grid inverters for agricultural regions." E3S Web of Conferences 390 (2023): 06006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339006006.

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The growing interest to the use of power generating complexes based on renewable energy sources has been witnessed recently. It necessitates the need to improve the no-failure operation of such complexes. The highest failure rate is typical for the string inverter in grid-connected PV systems. The failure of the string inverter induces supply termination of electrical energy to the grid. The paper explores an approach to improve the no-failure operation of the process of electrical energy distribution by a PV system to the grid driven by the use of micro inverters. The authors used the logical-probabilistic method to assess the no-failure operation of the PV system. Thus, the authors obtained the expressions to calculate the probability of failure for PV systems, enclosing a string inverter, and micro inverters.

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Sharma, Virendra, Piyush Kumar Choubey, Amit Kumar, and Lata Gidwani. "Optimal generation capacity mix in microgrid to meet demand." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v10.i3.pp271-282.

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This paper presents an approach for optimal generation capacity mix to fulfill future power demand using a micro-grid model which is operated in both the on-grid and off-grid modes. This is achieved using the solar photovoltaic (PV) system, fuel-cell, and battery energy storage system (BESS) with and without the grid-connected mode. Different control approaches and optimal size of the generators are presented. Proposed micro grid with solar PV system, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and back scattered electron detector (BESD) is tested for different operational scenarios of loads. Comparative index of performance (CIP) is introduced to indicate effectiveness of the micro-grid operations in the off-grid mode. This is based on difference in the total harmonic distortions (THD) in both the on-grid and off-grid modes. This is established that CIP indicates that the micro-grid works efficiently in the both the on-grid and off- grid modes during the simulated events of the switching ON/OFF the loads at different test conditions. The optimal generation mix successfully met the load demand with and without grid having conventional generatio.

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Tamrakar, Ekta, R. N. Patel, Arun Kumar, Ajay Kumar Sahu, and R. Ruchira. "Experimental Investigation and Power Quality Analysis of Solar Micro-inverter for different Operating Conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 405 (2023): 02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340502024.

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There has been a lot of focus in recent years on finding ways to incorporate renewable energy systems, especially solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, into the existing electrical grid. Power conversion technologies that are both efficient and reliable are in high demand due to the expanding popularity of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Micro-inverters, which are module-based inverters placed on individual PV modules, have grown in popularity in recent years due to their decentralized design. However, the integration of solar micro-inverter into the electrical grid presents power quality challenges. This research article presents an experimental investigation and power quality analysis of a solar micro-inverter under various operating conditions such as dust and shade.

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Priyadarshi, Neeraj, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Dan M. Ionel, Lucian Mihet-Popa, and Farooque Azam. "Hybrid PV-Wind, Micro-Grid Development Using Quasi-Z-Source Inverter Modeling and Control—Experimental Investigation." Energies 11, no. 9 (August 29, 2018): 2277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092277.

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This research work deals with the modeling and control of a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-Wind micro-grid using Quasi Z-source inverter (QZsi). This inverter has major benefits as it provides better buck/boost characteristics, can regulate the phase angle output, has less harmonic contents, does not require the filter and has high power performance characteristics over the conventional inverter. A single ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) module used as DC-DC switched power apparatus is employed for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) functions which provide high voltage gain throughout the process. Moreover, a modified power ratio variable step (MPRVS) based perturb & observe (P&O) method has been proposed, as part of the PV MPPT action, which forces the operating point close to the maximum power point (MPP). The proposed controller effectively correlates with the hybrid PV, Wind and battery system and provides integration of distributed generation (DG) with loads under varying operating conditions. The proposed standalone micro grid system is applicable specifically in rural places. The dSPACE real-time hardware platform has been employed to test the proposed micro grid system under varying wind speed, solar irradiation, load cutting and removing conditions etc. The experimental results based on a real-time digital platform, under dynamic conditions, justify the performance of a hybrid PV-Wind micro-grid with Quasi Z-Source inverter topology.

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Chwieduk, Dorota, Wojciech Bujalski, and Bartosz Chwieduk. "Possibilities of Transition from Centralized Energy Systems to Distributed Energy Sources in Large Polish Cities." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 17, 2020): 6007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226007.

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The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the possible transition routes from the existing centralized energy systems in Polish cities to modern low-emission distributed energy systems based on locally available energy sources, mainly solar energy. To evaluate these possibilities, this paper first presents the current structure of energy grids and heating networks in Polish cities. A basic review of energy consumption in the building sector is given, with emphasis on residential buildings. This paper deals with the evaluation of the effectiveness of operation of central district heating systems and heat distribution systems; predicts the improvement in the effectiveness of the energy production, distribution, and use; and analyzes the possible integration of the existing system with distributed energy sources. The possibility of the introduction of photovoltaic (PV) systems to reduce energy consumption by residential buildings in a big city (Warsaw) is analyzed. It is assumed that some residential buildings, selected because of their good solar insolation conditions, can be equipped with new PV installations. Electricity produced by the PV systems can be used on site and/or transferred to the grid. PV energy can be used not only for lighting and electrical appliances in homes but also to drive micro- and small-scale heat pumps. It is assumed that the PV modules are located on roofs of residential buildings and are treated as individual micro scale energy systems of installed capacity not larger than 50 kW for each of the buildings. In such a case, the micro energy system can use the grid as a virtual electricity store of 70% or 80% efficiency and can produce and transfer electricity using a net-metering scheme. The results show that the application of micro-scale PV systems would help residential buildings to be more energy efficient, reduce energy consumption based on fossil fuels significantly, and even if the grid cannot be used as a virtual electricity store then the direct self-consumption of buildings can reduce their energy consumption by 30% on average. Development of micro-scale PV systems seems to be one of the most efficient options for a quick transformation of the centralized energy system in large Polish cities to a distributed energy one based on individual renewable energy sources.

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Liu, Chang Liang, and Hui Chao Zhang. "Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Micro-Inverter Based on Self-Tuning Fuzzy-PI Controller." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 1098–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.1098.

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This paper introduces a kind of grid-connected micro-inverter system. Photovoltaic micro-inverter system is a highly nonlinear and time-varying system. Compared to traditional linear control strategy, Fuzzy Controller has better robustness and stability in the changing or non-linear application. Matlab simulation model for current tracking PV Grid-connected Micro-inverter was completed based on the Fuzzy self-tuning PI controller and the control strategy was tested on the micro-inverter prototype. The resu1ts show that this control strategy can effectively reduce the tracking error of the net current, and improve the system’s dynamic response.

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Yuan, Meng, Peng Zhang, and Meng Yuan. "Study on bi-layer optimal operation of new energy microgrid with P2G." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2396, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2396/1/012033.

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Abstract To improve the utilization of new energy sources and reduce economic costs, a micro-grid dispatching model based on new energy prediction with P2G is proposed. This paper consists of two stages. The first stage is to optimize the model of support vector machine using particle swarm algorithm to predict the data of wind power and photovoltaic power generation based on several influence factors. The second stage is to use the data of wind power and PV output in the first stage and put them into the micro-grid model of this paper for optimal dispatching. This stage is solved by using CPLEX+YALMIP and divided into three scenarios for comparative analysis. The conclusion is that the micro-grid containing P2G has effectively improves the economy and the capacity of consuming renewable energy. The bi-layer optimization of this paper, with the first stage improving accuracy and the second stage optimizing dispatch, not only greatly promotes the smooth and reliable operation of micro-grids, but also reflects the systematic nature of micro-grid modelling.

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Vijayakumar, G., M. Sujith, Dipesh B. Pardeshi, and S. Saravanan. "Design and development of photovoltaic based grid interactive inverter." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v11.i4.pp294-303.

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In order to trail and produce the power generated on the photovoltaic (PV) array to the grid, a PV exhibit coordinated double lift DC-AC converter used as a contained single-stage micro inverter is introduced in this research. The flowing association of a DC converter, rectifier, and an inverter is used in the single-stage micro inverter to provide high supporting rise with a minimal obligation proportion. Due to the utilization of a greater variety of force-exchanging devices, the flowing association of the converters, however, gives limited change efficacy. With fewer switches and hidden components, the suggested disengaged double lift small inverter is intended to provide high power from maximum power point tracking (MPPT) proficiency, high transformation proportion, and high change effectiveness. The stoop reflections and the small inverter's six distinct techniques are presented. To support the display of the double lift DC-AC converter worked small inverter, the recreation and results of the exploratory proto sort are presented.

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Yaqoob, Salam Jabr, and Adel A. Obed. "An Efficient Grid-tied Flyback Micro-inverter with DCM Control Strategy." Journal of Techniques 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51173/jt.v3i1.289.

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In two-stage micro-inverter photovoltaic (PV) applications, DC/DC converter is used to obtain the highest DC power from the PV module. In this type of inverter, the rising of voltage from the PV module to a grid voltage level is limited to a certain value. Moreover, the absence of the isolation between the input and output makes it is less efficient. For these reasons, an efficient single-stage grid-tied flyback PV micro-inverter with discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) control strategy is proposed to feed an alternating current (AC) to the main grid with a lower value of the total harmonic distortion (THD). The control strategy is based on a sine sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique to control the main switch of flyback inverter. Also, a simple perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique has been presented to obtain the MPP point from the PV module for any environmental conditions. The proposed control was verified using PSIM software and simulation results is obtained. The proposed control is tested under different weather conditions for solar irradiance and temperature, as a result, a pure sin wave current has been injected into the grid with a lower harmonics value. Finally, the small size, low cost and high reliability of single stage flyback micro-inverter is presented without the need for DC/DC converter.

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25

Zhang, Qi, Zai Jun Wu, Xiao Bo Dou, Chun Jun Sun, and Bo Zhao. "Research on Seamless Transfer Strategy of Micro-Grid Based on Energy Storage." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 1129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.1129.

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Анотація:

Energy storage plays a vital role in the reliable operation of Micro-Grid (MG) due to its characteristic of running stabilization and control flexibility. It can act as the master inverter and maintain system voltage and frequency stability as MG in off-grid mode under voltage control mode. During the transfer of MG from grid-connected mode to off-grid mode, the PCC (point of common coupling) three-phase static switch cant shut off at the same time. Moreover it needs to match the MG voltage and utility grid voltage when the islanded MG needs to reconnect to the utility grid.In order to solve these problems, a control strategy of grid-connected/off-grid seamless transfer based on energy storage is proposed. Simulation was presented from a MG platform including photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT) and energy storage and the result shows the feasibility of the proposed approach.

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26

Kuang, Hong Hai, Sheng Qing Li, Jun Jun Li, and Ji Liang Yi. "Design Solution of Micro-Grid Power Supply System in Campus." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.8.

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The micro-grid power supply scheme in campus based on the grid-connected solar energy PV power generation system is designed in this paper. This system mainly consists of solar power, diesel generation, it will can be incorporated into the local grid after it has been built. This results show that using this scheme can improve the reliability of power supply system in campus and reduce the cost.

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27

Chwieduk, Bartosz, and Michał Chwieduk. "The impact of using batteries in micro PV system on profitability of the investment." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900013.

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Анотація:

The paper presents the results of calculations of energy consumption and economic analysis of the operation of micro photovoltaic installations. Calculations have been made for a single-family house with an energy demand based on real electricity consumption. Two cases have been considered. In the first one, the photovoltaic system contains only PV modules and an inverter. Energy produced is sent to the power grid. In the second case, the PV system also contains batteries. Because of existing regulation conditions, it is better to accumulate produced energy than to sell it to the grid. Costs of construction of the PV systems and money savings during operation of the PV systems have been compared. Conclusions of profitability of analyzed systems have been presented.

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28

, P Ankineedu Prasad, Kongathi Sivaram. "ANFIS based Transformerless UPFC for Effective Power Flow Control." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 6, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060724.

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Анотація:

This paper focus on specially designed ANFIS based Power Quality Conditioner for Micro Grid applications. Three leg inverter coupled with solar PV with MPPT used as Compensator can be used for distinct DGs in the micro grid for power quality improvement of the entire system. Optimum control can be achieved to avoid detraction for voltage, current and Power flowing between Grid and DG. The Power Quality conditioner and DG inverter have dual use for this particular purpose. Primarily used as power converter for injecting power created from DG to Grid, secondly performed as parallel Active Power Filter for compensating harmonics, unbalanced voltage, current, active and reactive power demand for the balance and unbalance burden with in the Grid and neutral conductors. This paper is extended with ANFIS Controller for better improvement of Power Quality. The above mentioned task extensively simulated under MATLAB/Simulink platform revels that soon after compensation the THD.

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29

V L Vennela and Dr. S N V Ganesh. "ANN based Transformerless UPFC for Effective Power Flow Control." November 2020 6, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst061105.

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Анотація:

This paper focus on specially designed ANFIS based Power Quality Conditioner for Micro Grid applications. Three leg inverter coupled with solar PV with MPPT used as Compensator can be used for distinct DGs in the micro grid for power quality improvement of the entire system. Optimum control can be achieved to avoid detraction for voltage, current and Power flowing between Grid and DG. The Power Quality conditioner and DG inverter have dual use for this particular purpose. Primarily used as power converter for injecting power created from DG to Grid, secondly performed as parallel Active Power Filter for compensating harmonics, unbalanced voltage, current, active and reactive power demand for the balance and unbalance burden with in the Grid and neutral conductors. This paper is extended with ANN Controller for better improvement of Power Quality. The above mentioned task extensively simulated under MATLAB/Simulink platform revels that soon after compensation the THD

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30

Noori, Farah T., and Turki K. Hassan. "Reactive power control of grid-connected photovoltaic micro-inverter based on third-harmonic injection." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 2169. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i4.pp2169-2181.

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Анотація:

This paper presents four interleaved flyback DC-DC converters. Each flyback converter contains a separate maximum power point tracker (MPPT). The MPP tracker is used to collect the maximum power value from photovoltaic panel by using (P&O) algorithm with an output of reference current. In latest years, the active third-harmonic injection circuit have received much interest, this technique contributed to getting a better quality of injection current into the utility grid and control the reactive power. For converting direct current to three-phase sinusoidal currents, a line-commutated current source inverter type (CSI) with filter is used. The developed micro-inverter of (1000 W) offers an expanded range of reactive power control with balanced three-phase output power and good efficiency 95.07%. The effectiveness of the suggested system is clarified through the MATLAB program simulation. The system proposed in this paper has proven its effectiveness in obtaining reactive power control, nearly sinusoidal three-phase output currents and it is compared with the traditional PV micro-inverter system. The comparison shows that the PV micro-inverter is best in more specification than the traditional PV system such as efficiency and total harmonic distortion (THD) and the system losses.

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Paredes-Parra, José Miguel, Raquel Jiménez-Segura, David Campos-Peñalver, Antonio Mateo-Aroca, Alfonso P. Ramallo-González, and Angel Molina-García. "Democratization of PV Micro-Generation System Monitoring Based on Narrowband-IoT." Sensors 22, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 4966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134966.

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Power system configuration and performance are changing very quickly. Under the new paradigm of prosumers and energy communities, grids are increasingly influenced by microgeneration systems connected in both low and medium voltage. In addition, these facilities provide little or no information to distribution and/or transmission system operators, increasing power system management problems. Actually, information is a great asset to manage this new situation. The arrival of affordable and open Internet of Things (IoT) technologies is a remarkable opportunity to overcome these inconveniences allowing for the exchange of information about these plants. In this paper, we propose a monitoring solution applicable to photovoltaic self-consumption or any other microgeneration installation, covering the installations of the so-called ’prosumers’ and aiming to provide a tool for local self-consumption monitoring. A detailed description of the proposed system at the hardware level is provided, and extended information on the communication characteristics and data packets is also included. Results of different field test campaigns carried out in real PV self-consumption installations connected to the grid are described and analyzed. It can be affirmed that the proposed solution provides outstanding results in reliability and accuracy, being a popular solution for those who cannot afford professional monitoring platforms.

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Anisha Bhimanapati, Lakshmi, S. Umashankar, Sonal Gaurav, Chirag Birla, and Aman Lamba. "Investigations and Analysis of PV - Battery based Micro grid Energy Management System." Materials Today: Proceedings 5, no. 11 (2018): 22931–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.11.020.

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33

Mohanty, Asit, Meera Viswavandya, Dillip K. Mishra, Prakash K. Ray, and Sthita Pragyan. "Modelling & Simulation of a PV Based Micro Grid for Enhanced Stability." Energy Procedia 109 (March 2017): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.060.

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34

Al-Quraan, Ayman, and Muhannad Al-Qaisi. "Modelling, Design and Control of a Standalone Hybrid PV-Wind Micro-Grid System." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 4849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164849.

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Анотація:

The problem of electrical power delivery is a common problem, especially in remote areas where electrical networks are difficult to reach. One of the ways that is used to overcome this problem is the use of networks separated from the electrical system through which it is possible to supply electrical energy to remote areas. These networks are called standalone microgrid systems. In this paper, a standalone micro-grid system consisting of a Photovoltaic (PV) and Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) based Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) is being designed and controlled. Fuzzy logic-based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is being applied to a boost converter to control and extract the maximum power available for the PV system. The control system is designed to deliver the required energy to a specific load, in all scenarios. The excess energy generated by the PV panel is used to charge the batteries when the energy generated by the PV panel exceeds the energy required by the load. When the electricity generated by the PV panels is insufficient to meet the load’s demands, the extra power is extracted from the charged batteries. In addition, the controller protects the battery banks in all conditions, including normal, overcharging, and overdischarging conditions. The controller should handle each case correctly. Under normal operation conditions (20% < State of Charge (SOC) < 80%), the controller functions as expected, regardless of the battery’s state of charge. When the SOC reaches 80%, a specific command is delivered, which shuts off the PV panel and the wind turbine. The PV panel and wind turbine cannot be connected until the SOC falls below a safe margin value of 75% in this controller. When the SOC goes below 20%, other commands are sent out to turn off the inverter and disconnect the loads. The electricity to the inverter is turned off until the batteries are charged again to a suitable value.

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35

Lu, Xin Yi, Yang Qi Huang, Nian Liu, Jian Hua Zhang, and Lin Ze Huang. "A Study of Optimal Capacity Configuration with Multi-Objective for Islanded Micro-Grid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 521 (February 2014): 464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.521.464.

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This paper investigates a method to configure capacity of different kinds of generation in an islanded micro-grid, including PVGS (PV generation system), WTGS (wind turbine generator system), ESS (Energy Storage System) and MTGS (Micro gas turbine generator system), with a diesel generator set as reserve. Based on the structure, we build a mathematical model with restraints in operation and two objectives, of which one is the annual cost of the devices and the other is the percentage of utilization of PV and wind resources. A strategy of operation based on the SOC (State of Charge) of the ESS is put forward and power the ESS get charged and discharged and generated by the MTGS is determined according to this strategy. NSGA-II is applied to solve the model. Finally, a case is addressed. This paper would provide support to construction of islanded micro-grid.

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36

Obeng, G. Y. "Solar PV Lighting and Studying after Sunset: Analysis of Micro-benefits in Off-grid Rural Ghana." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 2, no. 1 (February 10, 2013): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2.1.45-51.

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Solar PV light provides school children living in off-grid rural communities theopportunity to have clean and bright lighting to study after sunset. On the contrary, lightingprovided from poor sources can pollute and adversely affect human eyes during reading andwriting. Using indicator-based questionnaires in cross-sectional surveys, households with andwithout solar PV lighting were surveyed in off-grid rural communities in Ghana. The studyinvestigated lighting and children’s studies after sunset. The results indicated that whereassolar PV light of 5-20 watts dc lamps was sufficient for 5-6 children to study together, lightingfrom kerosene lantern could be sufficient for 1-3 children. All things being equal, the resultsshowed that children who use solar PV light to study upto 2 hours after sunset are likely toimprove on their examination results. The extent to which solar PV lighting significantlyimpacts on studying after sunset was established using some identified indicators. Knowledgeof the results provides understanding of the relative constraints in lighting services faced bychildren in rural communities without access to quality lighting. Such micro-level data willhelp to enhance policy and planning efforts to increase access to clean and renewable energybasedlighting devices to achieve efficient visual comfort in off-grid rural communities.

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Chamier-Gliszczynski, Norbert, Grzegorz Trzmiel, Jarosław Jajczyk, Aleksandra Juszczak, Waldemar Woźniak, Mariusz Wasiak, Robert Wojtachnik, and Krzysztof Santarek. "The Influence of Distributed Generation on the Operation of the Power System, Based on the Example of PV Micro-Installations." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 25, 2023): 1267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031267.

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Анотація:

This article describes the problems associated with distributed electrical power generation and the most frequent interruptions occurring in power grids. The most common methods of improving the quality of the power supply were analyzed and the possibilities offered by energy storages in this respect were considered. The operating parameters of an exemplary PV system connected to the power grid were analyzed. For this purpose, the model implemented in the Matlab/Simulink environment was used. Based on the conducted analysis and a review of the literature, conclusions were drawn and solutions were presented which could improve the quality and the reliability of power supply. The simulations conducted focused on the co-operation of individual photovoltaic, micro-installations, with rated powers of 12.2, 19.825, and 39.65 Kw in the power grid, which also corresponds to the co-operation of several, smaller micro-installations with low density.

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38

Yu, Wanneng, Suwen Li, Yonghuai Zhu, and Cheng-Fu Yang. "Management and Distribution Strategies for Dynamic Power in a Ship’s Micro-Grid System Based on Photovoltaic Cell, Diesel Generator, and Lithium Battery." Energies 12, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 4505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234505.

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Combining new energy technology with electric propulsion technology is an effective way to decrease the pollution of water resources caused by cruise ships. This study examines the stable parallel operation of a ship’s micro-grid system through a dynamic power management strategy involving a step change in load. With cruise ships in mind, we construct a micro-grid system consisting of photovoltaics (PV), a diesel generator (DG), and a lithium battery and establish a corresponding simulation model. We then analyze the system’s operating characteristics under different working conditions and present the mechanisms that influence the power quality of the ship’s micro-grid system. Based on an analysis of the power distribution requirements under different working conditions, we design a power allocation strategy for the micro-grid system. We then propose an optimization allocation strategy for dynamic power based on fuzzy control and a load current feed-forward method, and finally, we simulate the whole system. Through this study we prove that the proposed power management strategy not only verifies the feasibility and correctness of the ship’s micro-grid structure and control strategy, but also greatly improves the reliability and stability of the ship’s operation.

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39

Huang, Xin, Keyou Wang, Guojie Li, and Hua Zhang. "Virtual Inertia-Based Control Strategy of Two-Stage Photovoltaic Inverters for Frequency Support in Islanded Micro-Grid." Electronics 7, no. 11 (November 21, 2018): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7110340.

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Анотація:

For an islanded micro-grid with a high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) power generators, the low inertia reserve and the maximum peak power tracking control may increase the difficulty of maintaining the system’s supply–demand balance, and cause frequency instability, especially when the available generation is excessive. This will require changes in the way the PV inverter is controlled. In this paper, a virtual inertia frequency control (VIFC) strategy is proposed to let the two-stage PV inverters emulate inertia and support the system frequency with a timely response (e.g., inertia response), and the required power for inertia emulation is obtained from both the DC-link capacitor and the PV reserved energy. As the rate of the system frequency change can be reduced with the inertia increase, the proposed method can mitigate the frequency contingency event before the superior-level coordination control is enabled for the frequency restoration. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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40

Rao, Sumana Sreenivasa, and Dhanalakshmi Rangaswamy. "Power quality mitigation and transient analysis in AC/DC hybrid microgrid for electric vehicle charging." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i3.pp1315-1322.

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The usage of electric vehicles (EV) increased in recent years as the vehicles design and performances are nearly similar to petrol vehicles. The main source of energy for EV is taken from the grid for charging. So, the penetration of EVs in alternating current (AC) grid creates more power quality issues like voltage sag, swell and harmonics in the current. This energy can also be produced from the renewable energy resources like photovoltaic (PV) power generation. This PV energy can also be used as direct current (DC) grid. The electric vehicle chargers which come with intelligent grid operation is considered as load in this paper. This paper is an attempt to discuss the penetration of EVs in AC/DC hybrid micro grid which causes the power quality problems, and the power quality problem is mitigated by using the unified power quality conditioner (UPQC). The results are analyzed for three cases and four scenarios which is based on the function of UPQC and the action of smart charger in grid connected as well as autonomous mode operation of the AC/DC micro grid when the load is considered as dynamic load. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB2017b environment

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41

Özçelik, Mehmet Ali. "A MICRO HYBRID WIND-PV BASED ON GRID ENERGY SYSTEM WITH ENHANCED EFFICIENCY." European Journal of Technic 7, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23884/ejt.2017.7.2.05.

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42

Percis, Sheeba E., and S. Manivannan. "Realistic Modeling and Control of PV and Multiple Electric Vehicle Based Micro Grid." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 14, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): 2976–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2017.6410.

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43

Eluri, Himabindu, and M. Gopichand Naik. "Energy Management System and Enhancement of Power Quality with Grid Integrated Micro-Grid using Fuzzy Logic Controller." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.100234.

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A modern hybrid model is introduced, which is a combination of PV, Wind turbine, converter components to improve Microgrid (MG) operation, to improve system dependability, effective efficiency, which are fundamental qualities. In view of renewable energy Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is frequently applied to improve PV efficiency in which randomness, flexibility of solar energy because of changes in temperature. To achieve MPPT P&O rule, Incremental conductance (IC) methods are implemented in this manuscript. The design, execution of EMS with Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for AC/DC microgrid is implemented. Apart from designing of EMS the power quality of MG is improved. It proposes analysis, control of storage devices. The FLC improves battery life and also will achieve desirable SoC. An FLC based EMS grid integrated MG is adopted, to mitigate power quality issues under nonlinear, unbalanced load conditions. The proposed model is executed by adopting MATLAB/SIMULINK

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44

Nozaki, Kohei, and Teruhisa Kumano. "Effect of Demand Forecast Error on Imbalance Cost in Residential Micro Grid." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.340.

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In this paper, we conduct electric power simulation by forecasting electricity demand in general households with PV power generation based on the current electricity supply and demand system in Japan. Specifically, forecast errors for electricity demand in general households are taken into account, and machine learning is used to forecast the output of residential photovoltaic power generation. The actual electricity demand, which is the difference between the electricity demand in general households and the PV output, is then calculated, and the degree of contribution of the assumed model to the electricity system is evaluated using an index called imbalance cost from the perspective of a retail electricity provider.

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45

Gordillo, C., J. Martinez, E. Rodriguez, J. Arau, and A. Capilla. "Experimental 1kW DC Micro-Grid based on PV Systems: Strategy Based on NI LabVIEW Platform." IEEE Latin America Transactions 16, no. 10 (October 2018): 2625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2018.8795143.

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46

Ram, J. Prasanth, Dhanup S. Pillai, Ye-Eun Jang, and Young-Jin Kim. "Reconfigured Photovoltaic Model to Facilitate Maximum Power Point Tracking for Micro and Nano-Grid Systems." Energies 15, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 8860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238860.

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PV systems are a popular energy resource, prevalent worldwide; however, shade faults manifested in PV systems limit its power conversion efficiency. The occurrence of multiple power peaks and their location are highly uncertain in PV systems; this necessitates the use of complex maximum power point tracking algorithms to introduce high voltage oscillations. To address this issue, a new reconfigurable PV array to produce a global maximum power point (GMPP) algorithm close to the Voc regions was introduced. This enables the use of a simple Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm to easily track GMPP. For reconfiguration, a simple 5 × 5 PV array is considered, and a new physical relocation procedure based on the position square method is proposed. Performance of the proposed reconfiguration model is tested for four various shade events and its row current evaluations are comprehensively analyzed. Furthermore, evaluations of fill factor, mismatch loss, and power loss are quantitatively compared against Dominance Square and TCT schemes. Since the power enhancement is ensured in a reconfigurable PV array, the fixed reconfiguration is tailored to suit residential PV and microgrid systems. For MPP evaluations, hardware demonstrations are performed with a lab scale prototype model developed with a PV simulator and a DC–DC power electronic interface. The I–V characteristics of conventional and reconfigured models are programmed into the simulator and the use of the hill climbing algorithm is validated. To analyze the voltage and power oscillations with MPP tracking, the PSO algorithm is also tested for two test patterns and its results are comprehensively studied.

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47

Omorogiuwa, Eseosa, and Martins William Enebieyi. "Decentralized Control Technique Application for Effective Energy Management in Microgird Network." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 9 (September 30, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.9.866.

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Анотація:

Micro-grid supplied by Renewable Energy Sources is characterized by randomness and intermittency due to varying weather conditions. Moreover, increasing demand for off-Grid electricity lead to uneven expansion of Micro-grid structures which may attract additional cost due to complex communication requirements in centralized Systems. In view of the above problems, decentralized control technique is employed in this work to effectively improve energy supplied to an inverter-Based Micro grid by Solar PV and Battery. Droop-based PWM control technique is applied to low Voltage Micro grid at a reference location for effective Energy Management Improvement. Simulations of various operating modes and weather conditions are done in MATLAB/Simulink to validate energy management improvement system. Results obtained showed that active and reactive power is shared between Inverter-connected Energy sources according to their Voltage ratings in Islanded Mode. Coordination technique of energy Management Improvement System supports true Plug and Play Functionalities as DGs can be added to the network with varying voltage Magnitude and location without pre-configuration.

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48

Omorogiuwa, Eseosa, and Martins William Enebieyi. "Decentralized Control Technique Application for Effective Energy Management in Microgird Network." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 3, no. 9 (September 30, 2018): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2018.3.9.866.

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Анотація:

Micro-grid supplied by Renewable Energy Sources is characterized by randomness and intermittency due to varying weather conditions. Moreover, increasing demand for off-Grid electricity lead to uneven expansion of Micro-grid structures which may attract additional cost due to complex communication requirements in centralized Systems. In view of the above problems, decentralized control technique is employed in this work to effectively improve energy supplied to an inverter-Based Micro grid by Solar PV and Battery. Droop-based PWM control technique is applied to low Voltage Micro grid at a reference location for effective Energy Management Improvement. Simulations of various operating modes and weather conditions are done in MATLAB/Simulink to validate energy management improvement system. Results obtained showed that active and reactive power is shared between Inverter-connected Energy sources according to their Voltage ratings in Islanded Mode. Coordination technique of energy Management Improvement System supports true Plug and Play Functionalities as DGs can be added to the network with varying voltage Magnitude and location without pre-configuration.

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49

Krishnamoorthy, Murugaperumal, Satheeshkumar Packirisamy, Muqthiar Ali Shaik, Amaresh Karanam, Arulselvi Ramasamy, and Marlin Sagayaraj. "A Techno-Economic Feasibility Analysis of Renewable Energy-Based Marine Micro-Grid for Cruise Ship Applications: A Case Study Simulation." Marine Technology Society Journal 55, no. 5 (September 1, 2021): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.55.5.6.

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Abstract This article mainly deals with the design and developments of marine micro-grid for cruise ship applications. The incorporations of the solar PV array with existing fossil-fuel‐based generators and the replacement of an engine-based propulsion system into the electric propulsion system have shown enormous improvements in the technical performance and optimal operations of the system. The proposed hybrid marine micro-grid (HMMG) system design and development has created more influences on the system investment flows and environmental pollutant mitigation. Here, the hybrid micro-grid model has been developed with necessary multi-objective functions and operating constraints. The optimum techno-economic feasibility analysis has been carried out with an energy-balanced loss of load probability algorithm, which proved that the planned energy management system has a highly commendable and efficient configuration to achieve good system performance with viable economics for a sustainable energy society.

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50

Costa, Michela, Gaia Martoriello, and Raffaele Tuccillo. "Modelling of an innovative and autonomous micro-grid based on a biomass - solar PV hybrid power system." E3S Web of Conferences 238 (2021): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123802003.

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Micro-Combined heat and power (m-CHP) systems fuelled by renewables, such as residual biomasses, are today of great interest to produce energy in an efficient and green way. The aim of the present work is to develop a numerical model of a hybrid energy system including a biomass powered m-CHP unit based on gasification and coupled with solar photovoltaic (PV) modules and to an electrical storage device, able to provide energy to remote areas. Main advantages of the considered configuration are its ultra-low environmental impact and just its autonomous operation by local resources. The developed unsteady multiphysical model accounts for the main plant components, namely the syngas powered engine, the PV panels and the battery, as well for a dynamic use of the produced energy. Main features of the adopted schematization of the actual system rely on the proper description of syngas combustion, that takes into account the extreme difficulty of working with a non-conventional gas, and on a PID control that is considered for energy flow management to meet the electrical demand curve. The PV panel current is calculated through an ad-hoc function that reads, at any given time, actual solar irradiance data in the city of Naples, Italy, the battery voltage and the main parameters of the PV module. The battery, with a voltage of 48V and a capacity of 100kWh, is modelled as an equivalent circuit with its proper State of Charge (SoC) versus Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) curve. The voltage response to a current at a particular SoC and temperature are calculated. This dynamic modelling permits the optimal control of the whole system to meet the electrical and thermal user’s demand and also to better design any possible change in the storage or PV size to meet specific real uses of the produced energy.

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