Дисертації з теми "Purification of contaminated water"
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Wong, Kit Iong. "Chemical removal of dichloromethane (DCM) from contaminated water using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) :Hydrogen Peroxide Ozone UV." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3868740.
Grassi, Michelle Elenore. "Development of a diffusion based ethanol delivery system to promote reducing environments for the bioremediation of contaminated groundwater." University of Western Australia. School of Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0066.
Chu, Hiu-ping, and 諸曉平. "Trihalomethane formation in contaminated surface water and its controlby membrane bio-reactor." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29744052.
Ramsburg, Charles Andrew. "Development of surfactant-based immiscible displacement technologies for remediation of aquifers contaminated with dense non-aqueous phase liquids." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/32818.
Vasylchenko, D. "The study and analysis of various water purification methods." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45938.
McDonough, Kathleen M. "Phytoremediation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in contaminated wastewater-effects of soil and iron on remediation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19001.
Ambjörnsson, Linn, Katti Ewald, Kling Erika Johansson, Anna Larsson, Selenius Marie, and Svedberg Elin. "Purification of arsenic contaminated water using ferrihydrite with consideration to current circumstances in Burkina Faso." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295133.
Ma, Wei. "Bioremediation of water contaminated with BTEX, TPH, and TCE." Thesis, University of Macau, 2008. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1795652.
Sharma, Sachin. "Slurry test evaluation for in-situ remediation of TCE contaminated aquifer." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-082306-124940/.
Okumu, Fredrick Oluoch. "Electrochemical analysis of selected polychlorinated biphenyls and contaminated water remediation using polyaniline coated sawdust." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2325.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are known harmful chemicals which require urgent remediation, monitoring and assessment in the environment. The predominant current methods used to analyze PCBs involve expertise and are cost intensive. Most of these methods are chromatographic based techniques which are difficult to sustain in Africa due to the expensive nature of the instrument, costly running expenses and skilled labour required. These limitations face Africans, who are the most affected by the presence of PCBs in their environment as a result of improper disposal and usage of these compounds.
Lei, Cheng Keng. "Bioremediation of water contaminated with BTEX, TPH, and TCE under different environmental conditions." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2182912.
Uyusur, Burcu. "Laboratory Investigation Of The Treatment Of Chromium Contaminated Groundwater With Iron-based Permeable Reactive Barriers." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607550/index.pdf.
calcium and significant amount of iron-oxides or -hydroxides was also detected on the iron surfaces. When the same experiments were conducted at higher fluxes, an increase was observed in the treatment efficiency in the column containing 50% iron. This suggested that the precipitates may not be accumulating at higher fluxes which, in turn, create available surface area for reduction. Extraction experiments were also performed to determine the fraction of chromium that adsorbed to ironhydroxides. The analysis showed that chromium was not removed by adsorption to oxyhydroxides and that reduction is the only removal mechanism in the laboratory experiments. The observed rate of Cr(VI) removal was calculated for each reactive mixture which ranged from 48.86 hour-1 to 3804.13 hour-1. These rate constants and complete removal efficiency values were thought to be important design parameters in the field scale permeable reactive barrier applications.
Meza, Maria I. "The use of PRBs (permeable reactive barriers) for attenuation of cadmium and hexavalent chromium from industrial contaminated soil." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/432.
Guérin, Théo. "Conception de catalyseurs biosourcés : synthèse de molécules organiques d’intérêt à partir de synthons biosourcés et purification de matrices contaminées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR028.
The industrial activities (in particular mining and metallurgy) carried out for over a century in the departments of Nord and Pas-de-Calais have left behind areas considerably contaminated with heavy metals. Currently, this metallic pollution is seriously problematic regarding health and environmental aspects. It is these environments, and more particularly, these contaminated agricultural soil surfaces that constitute the starting point of this research work. With the aim of remedying these contaminated surfaces while enhancing this metallic pollution, a phytomanagement approach for these soils has been implemented. Thus, three plant species were produced on these last (Lolium perenne L., Miscanthus x giganteus and Cichorium intybus L.) and their behavior with respect to the metallic elements present in these soils was studied. So sufficiently rich in metals of interest for organic synthesis, the biomasses obtained from Lolium perenne L. and Miscanthus x giganteus were used to design various biosourced catalysts. Their application in green organic chemistry for the synthesis of molecules with high-added value was then evaluated and proved to be particularly effective in various chemical transformations such as amidification of non-activated esters or the Hurtley reaction. Finally, biomass wastes from the production of the biosourced catalysts have also been studied for potential use in a different application. Indeed, these latter have been used as a filter for purifying aqueous media contaminated with metallic or organic pollutants. The technology developed during this research thesis was then widely extended to other materials which are also considered as waste in various industrial processes
Duarte, Victor Magalhães. "Qualidade da Água Potável Consumida na Cidade do Salvador - Bahia." Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2010. http://ri.ucsal.br:8080/jspui/handle/prefix/435.
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A pesquisa trata da qualidade da água potável consumida na cidade do Salvador, bem como apresenta as principais conseqüências para a saúde pela ingestão dos contaminantes que possam estar presentes na água potável e as medidas preventivas mais adequadas para removê-las. As contaminações que ocorrem nas fontes advêm do aumento da atividade industrial, do desenvolvimento de compostos agrícolas sintéticos, do despejo dos esgotos doméstico e industrial no meio ambiente sem o devido tratamento. A metodologia adotada incluiu análises da água potável consumida em Salvador, avaliação da legislação brasileira, sendo demonstrado que, mesmo quando são atendidos os parâmetros contidos na mesma, não pode ser garantida que a água potável não vá trazer sérios problemas para a saúde das pessoas a curto, médio e longo prazo. Os resultados demonstram que as pessoas avaliadas não possuem conhecimentos básicos necessários sobre os riscos dos contaminantes da água e o que fazer para minimizar as suas conseqüências. Mesmo sabendo que as concentrações dos contaminantes na água mudam muito de um dia para o outro, adotamos critérios científicos modernos ao serem avaliadas as análises de água fornecida pela empresa de saneamento da cidade, dos poços de água de uma empresa do Pólo Petroquímico de Camaçari e de amostras de água mineral encaminhadas a laboratórios especializados. Varias contaminantes da água foram mencionados e avaliados segundo critérios toxicológicos usando-se valores máximos fixados nas legislações do Brasil, Estados Unidos e Comunidade Européia (Organização Mundial de Saúde). Efeitos aditivos e sinergéticos dos contaminantes da água alem do fator denominado susceptibilidade individual foram citados como condições essenciais nas avaliações dos riscos reais das concentrações e das misturas dos contaminantes presentes na água potável consumida. Foram apresentadas técnicas de tratamento que possibilitam remover as impurezas orgânicas, inorgânicas, biológicas e radioativas da água potável, permitindo que as pessoas possam minimizar ao máximo os riscos de contaminação por via hídrica, conservando a saúde em elevados níveis. Foram ainda feitas sugestões que objetivam reduzir/eliminar as contaminações dos nossos mananciais de água potável, quer seja por ações federais, estaduais e municipais e da colaboração direta dos próprios cidadãos. Diante dos aspectos científicos abordados aqui, concluímos que tanto a água mineral quanto a água da rede de distribuída municipal não são isentas de riscos para consumo humano.
The research talks about the drinking water which is consumed in Salvador city and presents the main health consequences of the contaminants that can be found in the water and the prevention measurements more suitable to remove them. Contaminations which can be found in the water sources come from the growth industrial activities, synthetic agriculture compounds, domestic sewage and waste water that run-off without a proper treatment. The methodology used included drinking water analyzes consumed in Salvador city, an evaluation of Brazilian legislation, being demonstrated that, even when the legal parameters in the laws are fulfilled, it can not warranty that drinking this water will not produce serious health problems in the people in a short, medium and long period of time. The results show that people who were evaluated do not have enough basic knowledge about the risks of water contaminants and they do not know what to do to minimize their consequences. Even knowing that the concentration of the drinking water contaminants change a lot from one day to another, it was adopted modern scientific methodology when the water analyzes from the municipal water supply company were evaluated. The same methodology was adopted in the well water samples from a company in the Petrochemical Complex in Camaçari area and from mineral water samples which were sent to specialized laboratories. Many contaminants in the water were mentioned and evaluated under toxicological standards using maximum values established in the Brazilian, United States and European legislation (World Health Organization). Additive and synergetic effects of the drinking water contaminants besides the factor named individual susceptibility were cited as essential conditions in the real risk assessment of the contaminants concentration and mixtures of them present in the drinking water in study. It was presented point of use treatment techniques that make possible to remove organic, inorganic, biological and radioactive contaminants from drinking water. Doing that, people can minimize as much as possible the contamination risks from water sources, keeping the health in high levels. Yet it was done suggestions that aim to reduce or eliminate the contaminants of our drinking water sources, by federal, state and municipal actions and direct collaboration of the citizens themselves. In front of the scientific aspects mentioned here, we concluded that as much the mineral water as the municipal water from the distribution network are not free of risks to the human consumption.
De, Luca Antonella. "Fenton and Photo-Fenton like at neutral pH for the removal of emerging contaminants in water and wastewater effluents." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399786.
Cruz, Alcalde Alberto. "Contribution to Performance Characterization and Kinetic Modelling of Micropollutants Abatement in Water and Wastewater by Ozone-based Oxidation Processes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667016.
El proceso de ozonización constituye una de las tecnologías de tratamiento de aguas con mayor potencial para la eliminación de microcontaminantes de los efluentes de depuradoras municipales. Pese a ello, algunos aspectos como la eliminación de aquellos contaminantes resistentes al ataque del ozono y la modelización cinética de este proceso ofrecen aún amplias posibilidades de mejora. La formación de productos de transformación a partir de reacciones del ozono y el radical hidroxilo con la materia orgánica del efluente es otro aspecto escasamente considerado. Dados los problemas técnicos y ambientales que dichos subproductos pueden ocasionar, la investigación de este fenómeno es también de gran interés. En esta tesis se estudiaron en primer lugar los fundamentos (cinética, mecanismos de reacción y efectos toxicológicos de los productos de transformación) del proceso de degradación de tres microcontaminantes orgánicos de preocupación emergente mediante el proceso de ozonización. A continuación, éstos y otros compuestos típicamente detectados en aguas residuales urbanas se emplearon como sustancias modelo en el estudio de la aplicación del ozono en efluentes reales de depuradora de calidad variada, con el fin de evaluar la eficiencia del proceso y proponer estrategias para la modelización del mismo. En este sentido, se propuso la combinación de parámetros cinéticos y la monitorización de parámetros de calidad del agua para el control a tiempo real del proceso. Las predicciones de eliminación de contaminantes llevadas a cabo mediante esta metodología mostraron una gran concordancia con los datos experimentales, tanto para el proceso de ozonización simple como para la combinación ozono-peróxido de hidrógeno, que por otro lado exhibió una gran eficiencia en la eliminación de contaminantes resistentes al ozono cuando se aplicó con dosificación simultánea de ambos oxidantes. Finalmente, la evaluación de los cambios experimentados por la materia orgánica del efluente durante la aplicación del ozono reveló una acumulación de compuestos de bajo peso molecular en todas las aguas ensayadas, además de la solubilización de materia orgánica en suspensión en efluentes con mayor carga orgánica.
Mora, Gómez Julia. "Eliminación de contaminantes orgánicos emergentes mediante procesos electroquímicos de oxidación avanzada." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/158751.
[CAT] La present Tesi Doctoral es centra en l'estudi del comportament electroquímic de nous elèctrodes ceràmics basats en SnO2 dopat amb Sb2O3. L'estudi està orientat a la posterior aplicació d'aquests elèctrodes en processos electroquímics d'oxidació avançada. Inicialment, es van considerar diferents temperatures de sinterització (entre 1050°C i 1250°C) i es va observar que un augment en la temperatura de sinterització afavoria la deposició de Sb2O3 en la superfície anòdica, disminuint així la resistivitat de l'elèctrode. Posteriorment, es va estudiar el comportament electroquímic d'aquests nous elèctrodes obtenint el potencial de descàrrega de l'oxigen mitjançant la tècnica de voltametria de passada lineal. Els resultats obtinguts van revelar que el valor del potencial de descàrrega de l'oxigen disminueix amb l'augment de la temperatura de sinterització. A més, aquests elèctrodes ceràmics van presentar un comportament intermedi entre l'ànode de Pt y l'ànode de BDD. Aquest últim elèctrode s'utilitza habitualment en els processos electroquímics d'oxidació avançada a causa de la seua elevada capacitat per a generar radicals hidroxil, els quals són capaços d'oxidar els compostos orgànics a diòxid de carboni i aigua. A continuació, es van dur a terme assajos d'oxidació electroquímica amb aquests elèctrodes ceràmics per a seleccionar la temperatura de sinterització. Els resultats van mostrar que amb l'elèctrode ceràmic sinteritzat a 1250°C s'aconsegueix una menor degradació del compost orgànic, mentre que els elèctrodes sinteritzats a menors temperatures presenten un comportament similar entre ells. Per tant, es va seleccionar l'elèctrode ceràmic sinteritzat a 1200 °C ja que presenta una baixa resistivitat i un bon comportament electroquímic per a ser utilitzat com a ànode en els processos electroquímics d'oxidació avançada. Seguidament, es va analitzar la vida útil d'aquests elèctrodes ceràmics, i es va comprovar que la matriu ceràmica incrementa en gran mesura l'estabilitat a la polarització anòdica dels elèctrodes basats en SnO2. Posteriorment es van dur a terme processos d'electro-oxidació en mode galvanostàtic de diferents contaminants difícils d'eliminar per les tècniques convencionals utilitzant com a ànode els nous elèctrodes ceràmics i l'elèctrode de BDD, per a així poder comparar els resultats obtinguts. Es va observar que, encara que amb els elèctrodes ceràmics s'aconsegueix degradar el 100% dels diferents contaminants, l'elèctrode de BDD és el més eficient ja que genera una major quantitat d'espècies oxidants actives en la seua superfície. Per a un mateix elèctrode, es va observar que un augment en la densitat de corrent aplicada millora la velocitat de degradació i mineralització de cada contaminant, mentre que l'eficiència elèctrica disminueix. D'altra banda, es va estudiar l'efecte de la presència d'una membrana d'intercanvi catiònic entre ànode i càtode. Els resultats van mostrar que l'ús de la membrana beneficia la degradació i la mineralització del contaminant, ja que millora la cinètica de reacció anòdica i evita la reducció de les espècies oxidants electrogenerades. A continuació, es va analitzar la influència de la concentració del Na2SO4 com a electròlit suport. En aquest estudi es va observar que un augment en la concentració del Na2SO4 millora la mineralització del contaminant per a l'elèctrode de BDD i, per contra, empitjora per a l'elèctrode ceràmic. Això es deu a la capacitat de cada elèctrode per a oxidar els sulfats a persulfats. Finalment, es van dur a terme assajos d'ecotoxicitat de les mostres tractades, i es va demostrar que, en presència de membrana, a major densitat de corrent i amb l'elèctrode de BDD la toxicitat de la mostra és major a causa de la major presència en dissolució d'ions persulfat. Per tant, amb l'elèctrode ceràmic, a més d'aconseguir un elevat grau de degradació del con
[EN] The present Doctoral Thesis focuses on the study of the electrochemical behaviour of new ceramic electrodes based on SnO2 doped with Sb2O3. The study is oriented at the subsequent application of these electrodes in electrochemical advanced oxidation processes. Initially, different sintering temperatures were considered (between 1050°C and 1250°C) and it was observed that an increase in the sintering temperature favoured the deposition of Sb2O3 on the anodic surface, thus decreasing the resistivity of the electrode. Later, the electrochemical behaviour of these new electrodes was studied by means of the oxygen discharge potential using the linear sweep voltammetry technique. The results obtained revealed that the value of the oxygen discharge potential decreases with increasing the sintering temperature. Furthermore, these electrodes showed an intermediate behaviour between the Pt anode and the BDD one. This last electrode is commonly used in advanced electrochemical oxidation processes due to its high capacity to generate hydroxyl radicals, which are capable of oxidizing the organic compounds to carbon dioxide and water. Then, electrochemical oxidation tests were carried out with these ceramic electrodes to select the sintering temperature. The results showed that with the ceramic electrode sintered at 1250°C, a lower degradation and mineralization of the organic compound is achieved, while the electrodes sintered at lower temperatures showed a similar behaviour. Therefore, the ceramic electrode sintered at 1200°C was selected as it presents low resistivity good electrochemical behaviour to be used as anode in electrochemical advanced oxidation processes. Next, the service life of these ceramic electrodes was analyzed, and it was found that the ceramic matrix greatly increases the anodic polarization stability of the electrodes based on SnO2. Subsequently, electro-oxidation processes were carried out in galvanostatic mode for different contaminants that are difficult to remove by conventional techniques, using the new ceramic electrodes and the BDD electrode as anodes, in order to compare the results obtained. It was observed that ceramic electrodes can be used as anodes for electrochemical oxidation, since for high current densities it is possible to degrade a 100% of the different contaminants. However, the BDD electrode is the most efficient one since it generates more active oxidant species on its surface. For a given electrode, an increase in the current density improves the degradation and mineralization of each contaminant, while the electrical efficiency decreases. On the other hand, the effect of the presence of a cation-exchange membrane between anode and cathode was studied. The results showed that its use benefits the degradation and mineralization of the contaminants, since it improves the kinetics of the anodic reaction and avoids the reduction of the electrogenated oxidant species. Next, the influence of the concentration of Na2SO4 as supporting electrolyte was analyzed. In this study it was observed that an increase in the Na2SO4 concentration improves the mineralization of the contaminant for the BDD electrode and, on the contrary, worsens for the ceramic electrode. This is due to the ability of each electrode to oxidize sulfates to persulfates. Finally, ecotoxicity tests on the treated samples were carried out, and it was shown that, in the presence of the membrane, at higher current density and with the BDD electrode, the toxicity of the sample is greater due to the higher presence of persulfate ions. Therefore, with the ceramic electrode, in addition to achieving a high degree of contaminant degradation, the treated samples are less toxic than the samples treated with the BDD electrode.
Agradezco al Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad por la financiación recibida mediante los proyectos CTQ2015-65202-C2-1-R y RTI2018-101341-B-C21, y a la cofinanciación con los fondos FEDER, que han permitido llevar a cabo la investigación en la Universitat Politècnica de València para la realización de la presente Tesis. También agradecer a Sergio Mestre Beltrán por proporcionarnos los nuevos electrodos cerámicos en los que se ha basado este trabajo.
Mora Gómez, J. (2020). Eliminación de contaminantes orgánicos emergentes mediante procesos electroquímicos de oxidación avanzada [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/158751
TESIS
Kent, Laura. "Photocatalysts for water purification." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2018. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/850035/.
Faccini, Johanna. "Sustainable treatment of perchlorate contaminated water." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/37677.
Karlsson, Ami. "Purifying contaminated water by eutectic freezing." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-85836.
Lacoursière, Stéphanie. "Water purification by membrane distillation." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26112.
Two different hollow fibre membrane distillation modules were used to conduct experiments. Tests were performed to determine the sensitivity of permeate flux and quality to stream temperatures and flowrates, and feed concentration. The hot side temperature was found to have a greater effect on the water flux than the cold side temperature. Water flux values ranged from 0.5 to 1.6 Kg/m$ sp2$hr with salt removals of over 99.99%. A semi-empirical model, based on well established heat and mass transfer correlations, was developed and its predictions were validated with the experimental results.
Davies, R. H. "Semiconductor photocatalysis for water purification." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636399.
Choi, Siwon (Siwon Chloe). "Microfluidic engineering of water purification." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111415.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The demand for clean water has been increasing for several reasons, such as rapid industrialization of developing countries, environmental pollution and climate change, and development of biofuels and the resulting irrigation growth. To meet the needs for this growing demand for clean water, desalination has become an appealing solution as saline water (brackish water, seawater and brine) are the most abundant water source for most of the world. However, desalination is energy and capital intensive compared to other water treatment processes, and oftentimes it is not economically feasible. Current desalination technologies require further engineering and development to become more sustainable in the long term. My Ph.D thesis is focused on engineering of electromembrane desalination, which is a set of electrically driven desalination technologies that utilize ion transport through ion exchange membranes. We employed microfluidic platforms and numerical modeling tools for the study, for they help reveal novel insights regarding the micro-scale details that are difficult to be discovered from the conventional large-scale systems. In this thesis, we consider three topics: i) engineering of structures that enhance mass transport in electrodialyis (ED), ii) techno-economic analysis of ion concentration polarization (ICP) desalination for high salinity brine treatment, and iii) development of electrocoagulation (EC) - ion concentration polarization (ICP) desalination hybrid that removes dissolved ions and non-ionic contaminants from water in a single device. First, we employed an electrodialysis (ED) system as a model to investigate the mass transport effects of embedded microstructures, also known as spacers, in electromembrane desalination systems. The spacer engineering is especially critical for low salinity (i.e., brackish water) desalination, where the mass transport in the solution is a dominant contributor to the electrical energy consumption in the system. Parametric studies of the spacer design revealed that small cylindrical structures effectively re-distribute the local flow velocity and enhance mass transport in the system. Furthermore, we found that relative diffusivities of cation and anion in the solution should be considered in designing the spacer and that the optimal design should maximize the mass transport while keeping the effect on the hydrodynamic resistance small. Next, we built an empirical model to estimate an electrical energy consumption of ICP desalination and utilized it to obtain the water cost and optimal operating parameters for high salinity applications. We performed cost analyses on two specific cases (i.e., partial desalination of high salinity brine to the seawater level, and brine concentration for salt production) and compared the performance with mainstream desalination technologies for each application. Lastly, we combined two electrical water treatment technologies and created an EC-ICP hybrid for total water treatment, which removes dissolved ions and non-ionic contaminants from the feed solution. We demonstrated a continuous EC-ICP operation that successfully removed salt and suspended solids. Our system is flexible in terms of the system size, and the type and concentration of contaminants it can handle, and thus it can find applications as a portable water treatment system.
by Siwon Choi.
Ph. D.
Lyu, Shicheng. "Membraneless Water Purification via diffusiophoresis." Digital WPI, 2020. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1360.
Yang, Zi. "INORGANIC MEMBRANES FOR WATER PURIFICATION APPLICATIONS." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1588556057684163.
Schillo, Melissa C. "Mesoporous Inorganic Membranes for Water Purification." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313586746.
Baruah, Arabinda. "Smart nanostructured materials for water purification." Thesis, IIT Delhi, 2016. http://localhost:8080/iit/handle/2074/7002.
Brown, Melanie Margaret. "The amelioration of contaminated mine water by wetlands." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388594.
Jones, Samuel Casey. "Static mixers for water treatment : a computational fluid dynamics model." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20718.
López, Serna Rebeca. "Análisis y destino de residuos farmacéuticos en aguas subterráneas, superficiales y residuales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128799.
Pharmaceuticals are compounds with biological activity and their transformation products with remaining activity are arriving the environment through sewage waters, and superficial waters are the main receiving compartment. Some steps towards the fight this kind of contamination. This is creating an increase in the number of studies, and therefore, in the number of samples to be processed by the environmental laboratories. For this reason, the need to optimize the efficiency of current analytical methods, by improving the reliability, sensitivity, versatility, capacity and throughput, is a must. Technologic development is very fast in the sector, and the scientific community is generally the one that first assesses it. This thesis has tried to give answer to these requests. Thus, four multi-residue analytical methods for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products in environmental and sewage waters, have been developed making use of cutting edge technology. The advantages and disadvantages of each of them have been discussed. Different online and offline pre-treatment technologies, fast and conventional liquid chromatographies and several kinds of triple quadrupoles for mass spectrometry, have been tested. Other important part of this thesis has been the application of the developed methods with high scientific studies, as follows: - Impact of the discharge of reclaimed sewage water in a Mediterranean river, and assessment of the eco-toxicological consequences. - Presence of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products in Ebro River basin, one of the main ones in the Iberian Peninsula. - Three-dimensional distribution of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products in the ground waters underlying Barcelona city (Spain). - Enantimeric determination of 13 chiral pharmaceutical residues in Guadalquivir River basin, one of the main ones in the Iberian Peninsula, and the assessment of the eco-toxicity issues related.
Mangombo, Zelo. "The electrogeneration of hydroxyl radicals for water disinfection." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5745_1190373027.
This study has shown that OHË radicals can be generated in an Fe/O2 cell from the electrode products via Fenton&rsquo
s reaction and used for water disinfection. The cell system in which the experiments were carried out was open and undivided and contained two electrodes with iron (Fe) as the anode and oxygen (O2) gas diffusion electrode. Typically, 100 ml of Na2SO4.10H2O (0.5M) solution was used as a background electrolyte. OHË radicals were produced in-situ in an acidic solution aqueous by oxidation of iron (II), formed by dissolving of the anode, with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The H2O2 was electrogenerated by reduction of oxygen using porous reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) as a catalyst.
Belghazi, A. "Heterogeneous semiconductor UV-photocatalysis for water purification." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636072.
Harries, Richard R. "Water purification by ion exchange mixed beds." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1986. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18591.
Shen, Junjie. "Application of membrane technologies in water purification." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3147.
Beaudet, France. "Abiotic treatment of PCP-contaminated water with metallic iron." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6639.
Ding, Kaijie. "Arsenite removal from contaminated water by different sorbent materials." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-273970.
Alltför höga halter av arsenik (As) i vatten är ett världsomspännande problem som orsakar hälsoproblem för miljontals människor. Det finns två huvudsakliga oorganiska former av As i vatten: arsenat(V) och arsenit(III), och adsorption till ett material (s.k. ”sorbent”) kan vara eneffektiv metod för att avlägsna dem från vatten. I denna studie fokuserade vi på arsenit(III), den mer giftiga formen, vilken dominerar under reducerande förhållanden. Vi undersökte adsorptionsegenskaperna för arsenit(III) för fyra sorbentmaterial som kan vara tänkbara när det gäller arsenikrening av förorenade vatten: hydrotalkit, s.k. Mg-Al LDH (Mg-Al-skiktad dubbelhydroxid), am-Al(OH)3 (amorf aluminiumhydroxid), och am-TiO2 (amorf titandioxid). Dessa material undersöktes när det gäller följande: adsorption av arsenit(III) som funktion av pH,betydelsen av sorbentkoncentration, adsorption som funktion av löst arsenit(III) (”isoterm”), och konkurrens från samexisterande anjoner (HCO3− och PO43−). Den maximala adsorptionen av As (III) till HT (0,1 mmol As(III)/g sorbent), Mg-Al LDH (0,1 mmol As(III)/g sorbent), am-Al(OH)3 (0,22 mmol As(III)/g sorbent) och am-TiO2(0,21 mmol As(III)/g sorbent) inträffade vid pH 7,5, 7, 7, respektive 8. Vid dessa pH-värden adsorberades ungefär 20%, 62%, 35% respektive 98,3% tillsatt As(III). När kvoten mellan As(III) till sorbent ökades blev adsorptionen istället cirka 7% till am-Al(OH)3 (2,2 mmol As(III)/g sorbent) och 46,3% till am-Ti02(2,1mmol As(III)/g sorbent). Dock var adsorptionsmängden per viktsenhetsorbenthögre över hela pH-området. Dessa siffror visar att am-TiO2 är det mest effektiva av de fyra testade materialen för As(III)-adsorption, Mg-Al LDH det näst bästa, medan HT och am-Al(OH)3 är olämpliga för detta ändamål. Adsorptionen av As(III) till Mg-Al LDH som funktion av löst As(III) kunde beskrivas väl med en linjär ekvation, vilket antyder att adsorptionen av As(III) till Mg-Al LDH styrdes av anjonbyte. I konsekvens med detta hade de samexisterande anjonerna (HCO3- och PO43-) ett betydande inflytande på As(III)-adsorptionen till Mg-Al LDH. För am-TiO2 påverkade HCO3− inte As(III)-adsorptionen, medan PO43- orsakade en liten men tydlig konkurrenseffekt. Sammantaget är am-TiO2 det bästa valet av dessa fyra material i kontakt med As- kontaminerat grundvatten på grund av dess betydligt bättre förmåga att avskilja arsenit(III) och den förhållandevis blygsamma konkurrensen från andra anjoner.
Yan, Yuejun. "Abiotic remediation of ground water contaminated by chlorinated solvents /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487949508372653.
Apelt, Mark. "PHYTOREMEDIATION OF COPPER CONTAMINATED WASTE WATER USING LEMNA MINOR." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2300.
Hernandez-Romo, Adriana. "An analysis of nitrate contaminated water in Cherry Valley." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2726.
Siguba, Maxhobandile. "The development of appropriate brine electrolysers for disinfection of rural water supplies." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_6284_1180438520.
A comparative study of electrolysers using different anodic materials for the electrolysis of brine (sodium chloride) for the production of sodium hypochlorite as a source of available chlorine for disinfection of rural water supplies has been undertaken. The electrolyser design used was tubular in form, having two chambers i.e. anode inside and cathode outside, separated by a tubular inorganic ceramic membrane. The anode was made of titanium rod coated with a thin layer of platinum and a further coat of metal oxide. The cathode was made of stainless steel wire. An assessment of these electrolysers was undertaken by studying the effects of some variable parameters i.e.current, voltage and sodium chloride concentration. The cobalt electrolyser has been shown to be superior as compared to the ruthenium dioxide and manganese dioxide electrolysers in terms of hypochlorite generation. Analysis of hydroxyl radicals was undertaken since there were claims that these are produced during brine electrolysis. Hydroxyl radical analysis was not successful, since sodium hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid interfere using the analytical method described in this study.
Hardy, Scott Andrew. "Effectiveness of static mixers for disinfection of cryptosporidium oocysts." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20925.
Eschweiler, Zachary Taylor. "Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle TechnologyAn Analysis of Water, Water-treatment, Health-risks of Contaminated Water, and a Proposed Solution." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1497012927923017.
Hastie, Michele. "Energy and Water Conservation in Biodiesel Purification Processes." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20384.
Ahmed, Abd El-Safey Ibrahim. "Novel N-halamine Biocidal Polymers for Water Purification." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505994.
Mole, Jonathan Michael. "Titanium dioxide as a photocatalyst in water purification." Thesis, University of Kent, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309747.
Choong, Looh Tchuin (Looh Tchuin Simon). "Application of electrospun fiber membranes in water purification." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98153.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Electrospun membranes are attractive for the liquid filtration applications especially as microfiltration membranes because they are low in solidity and have open, highly interconnected porous structures. Nevertheless, liquid filtration processes are pressure driven; hence, it is crucial to understand the compressive behaviors of electrospun membranes. Compressive properties of electrospun fiber mats are reported for the first time in this thesis. Membranes of bisphenol-A polysulfone (PSU) and of poly(trimethyl hexamethylene terephthalamide) (PA6(3)T) were electrospun and annealed at a range of temperatures spanning the glass transition temperature of each polymer. The data for applied stress versus solidity of membrane were found to be welldescribed by a power law of the form [sigma]zz =kE([phi]n - [phi]no) where [sigma]-zz is the applied stress and [phi] is solidity, in accord with the analysis of Toll (Polym. Eng Sci., 2004). The values of n range from 3.2 to 6 for PSU and from 8.0 to 20 for PA 6(3)T. The lowest values in each case were exhibited by mats annealed near the glass transition temperature of the fiber material. The higher values of n are attributed to fiber slippage via a mechanism analogous to that of work hardening of metals. The values of kE can vary by an order of magnitude and were difficult to determine precisely, due to the nature of the power law and the inhomogeneity of the mats. The hydraulic permeabilities of electrospun fiber membranes are found to be functions of their compressibilities. Hydraulic permeabilities of electrospun PSU membranes experience a decrease of more than 60% in permeability between 5 and 140 kPa, due to the increase in solidity, attributed to flow-induced compression. This behavior is explained using a simple model based on Darcy's law applied to a compressible, porous medium. Happel's equation is used to model the permeability of the fiber membranes, and Toll's equation is used to model their compressibilities. The permeation model accurately estimates the changes in solidity, and hence the permeability of the electrospun membranes, over a range of pressure differentials. The permeability of commercial phase inversion membrane was higher than those of electrospun membranes at pressures greater than 8 kPa. Microfiltration of emulsions of oil (dodecane) in water using electrospun PA6(3)T membranes was demonstrated. Rejection of the emulsified dodecane decreased from (85 +/- 5) % to (4.3 +/- 0.9) % when the ratio of droplet diameter to fiber diameter (dp/df) decreased from 2.5 +/- 0.4 to 0.57 +/- 0.04, respectively. The normalized flux (relative to the pure water flux) decreased in proportion to the increase in emulsified oil concentration, and decreased with the increase in the total solidity of the membranes. The resistances from the oil were in series with the resistances of the membranes tested. The resistivity of the foulant increased with an increase in the concentration of oil. Foulant deposition models showed that the oil droplets formed a coating that enveloped the fibers. The normalized flux of electrospun membranes was approximately three times higher than that of commercial phase inversion membrane of comparable bubble point diameter, while exhibiting a similar rejection.
by Looh Tchuin (Simon) Choong.
Ph. D.
Koura, Mbadinga Pauline Joella. "A solar water purification system for rural areas." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2612.
Access to adequate quantities of clean drinking water has become a serious issue on the worldwide level. This is particularly true in arid and rural areas where for the majority of people water is a limited and a vulnerable resource. These water sources which are often highly contaminated are potentially the cause for several diseases (waterborne diseases) and ultimately death especially in infants. Due to poverty and sometimes to the remote conditions of their regions, the population is unable to afford adequate water purification technologies, since they are relatively expensive and energy intensive. It is therefore vital to investigate appropriate water purification technology that people can afford or construct, operate and maintain themselves. A promising technology is solar distillation for the supply of drinking water on a small-scale level. It has proved to be a unique purification method as it can purify almost any type of water by using the high solar energy potential of the affected regions. The most basic form of solar distillation is the use of a single basin single slope solar still. However the downside of this technology is that it presents a low efficiency and productivity. To try to tackle this problem, many studies have been carried out to enhance productivity, effectiveness and efficiency of single-basin solar stills. In this present study, a solar distillation unit was designed, fabricated and experimentally tested. Its performance in terms of distillate output and energy efficiency was analysed under Cape Town conditions and compared to similar stills that have been reported in the literature. The main configuration of the solar still is a double glazed single basin solar still coupled to an external condenser. The study indicated that the performance of the solar still unit can be enhanced by increasing the evaporation rate which is a combined effect of solar radiation, ambient temperature, and the system components temperature. It was concluded that the applied techniques such as the external condenser, double glazing, good insulation and low level of water are effective. The unit was found to have an efficiency ranging between 21 and 29% over the test period and a mean distillate yield of about 2.5 litres per square meter was achieved per day.
Mechelhoff, Martin. "Electrochemical investigation of electrocoagulation reactors for water purification." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8896.
Boahen, Anthony Kwaku. "Purification of oily water with cross flow microfiltration." Thesis, University of Bath, 1999. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311233.