Статті в журналах: "Pure culture"

1

Kåhrström, Christina Tobin. "An impure “pure culture”." Nature Reviews Microbiology 11, no. 5 (April 16, 2013): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3021.

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2

Agius, L. "Metabolic interactions of parenchymal hepatocytes and dividing epithelial cells in co-culture." Biochemical Journal 252, no. 1 (May 15, 1988): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2520023.

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When parenchymal hepatocytes isolated from adult liver are co-cultured with other epithelial cells, the production of various plasma proteins by the hepatocytes is preserved for much longer than in conventional culture. This study examines some of the metabolic interactions between parenchymal hepatocytes and epithelial cells maintained in co-culture. The leakage of lactate dehydrogenase by hepatocytes co-cultured with epithelial cells was lower than in conventional hepatocyte culture. The epithelial cells have a high glycolytic rate and provide the hepatocytes with a continual supply of lactate. The [lactate] was lower in co-cultures of hepatocytes and epithelial cells than in pure epithelial cultures of similar density, suggesting lactate clearance by the hepatocytes. Alanine uptake was higher in conventional hepatocyte cultures, which lack an exogenous supply of lactate, than in parenchymal hepatocytes in co-culture. Studies with pure parenchymal hepatocytes incubated with increasing [lactate] suggest that lactate is utilized in preference to alanine as a gluconeogenic substrate by hepatocytes co-cultured with epithelial cells. Ketogenesis and carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity declined more slowly in hepatocytes co-cultured with epithelial cells than in conventional culture. It is concluded that the co-culture model has potential for long-term studies of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

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3

Koveshnikov, V. S., M. A. Matvienko та A. A. Rodionova. "Starter culture for kоumiss from pure dry bacterial cultures". Dairy Industry 65, № 9 (2020): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31515/1019-8946-2020-9-52-54.

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4

Hutchison, Leonard J. "Notes onLimacella Illinitain Pure Culture." Mycologia 80, no. 1 (January 1988): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1988.12025507.

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5

Kostina, O. V. "On «Pure» Conditions in Culture." Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 15, no. 2 (April 27, 2015): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2015-15-2-8-13.

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6

Roldán, A., E. Descals, and M. Honrubia. "Pure culture studies on Tetracladium." Mycological Research 93, no. 4 (December 1989): 452–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(89)80039-5.

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7

Hasanuddin, Hasanuddin. "APLIKASI STARTER KULTUR MURNI PADA PEMBUATAN DURIAN FERMENTASI." Jurnal Agroindustri 1, no. 2 (November 25, 2011): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/j.agroind.1.2.74-80.

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This study looks into the effect of pure culture starters isolated from tempoyak on fermented durian (Durio zibethinus) and its acceptability. The use of 5% pure culture starters and mixed cultures of Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus curvatus Leuconostoc mesentroides and Staphylococcus saprophyticus were analyzed in terms of acceptabilty by sensory panelists. Statistical analysis shows a significant difference among fermented durian with pure culture and mixed culture starters for attributes of texture and viscosity, aroma and flavor, acidity and general acceptability.

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8

Molokwanne, P. E., and E. M. N. Chirwa. "Biological Cr(VI) reduction in indigenous sludge cultures from Gauteng, South Africa." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 10 (November 1, 2006): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.880.

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The Cr(VI) reducing capability of an acclimated indigenous culture cultivated from primary sludge was evaluated in batch and packed-bed bioreactor systems. Performance evaluation was carried out in unmodified cultures, cultures modified by substituting terminal organisms in the consortium by a known Cr(VI)-reducing organism (Escherichia coli ATCC 33456), and pure cultures of Cr(VI)-reducing organisms. A high Cr(VI) reduction rate was observed in modified cultures and in the pure culture of the Cr(VI)-reducing bacteria (Bacillus sp.). Furthermore, the Bacillus sp. pure culture outperformed both the unmodified and modified consortium cultures in reducing Cr(VI). Abiotic Cr(VI) reduction activity was evaluated in heat-killed and azide (N3−) inactivated control cultures. No significant Cr(VI) reduction was observed in the controls. This study is part of the continuing research to identify synergistic culture systems for treating toxic compounds from polluted environments.

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9

Reyniers, James A. "THE PURE-CULTURE CONCEPT AND GNOTOBIOTICS." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 78, no. 1 (December 15, 2006): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1959.tb53091.x.

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10

Lebreton, J. P., M. Daveau, M. Hiron, M. Fontaine, D. Biou, D. Gilbert та C. Guguen-Guillouzo. "Long-term biosynthesis of complement component C3 and α-1 acid glycoprotein by adult rat hepatocytes in a co-culture system with an epithelial liver cell-type". Biochemical Journal 235, № 2 (15 квітня 1986): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2350421.

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We used a system of co-culture of adult rat hepatocytes with another epithelial cell type from rat liver to study the synthesis of two acute-phase reactants, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (alpha 1AGP) and the third component of complement (C3), and we have obtained long-term secretion of these two proteins. After a period of adaptation corresponding to the first 2-4 days of the co-culture, hepatocytes secreted C3 and alpha 1AGP for at least 2 weeks at a mean level higher than that observed in the first days of a pure culture of hepatocytes. When pulse-chase analysis was performed on day 6 of co-culture, kinetics of synthesis of alpha 1AGP and C3 were the same as those observed on day 1 of a conventional culture of pure hepatocytes. Furthermore, intracellular and extracellular alpha 1AGP had Mr values respectively of 39,000 and of 42,000-52,000, identical with those observed in pure cultures of hepatocytes. Similarly, the molecular size and subunit structures of C3 were the same in co-culture and in cultures, indicating an identical processing of this protein. C3 produced in co-culture was also haemolytically active. Therefore, the system of adult hepatocytes co-cultured with this liver epithelial cell provides a physiological system in vitro which permits long-term synthesis of the two acute-phase reactants C3 and alpha 1AGP. This model opens the possibility to study the modulation of the synthesis of these two proteins during a long period by inflammatory agents or by hormones.

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11

Wang, Kairui, Ning Liu, Fei Shang, Jiao Huang, Bingfa Yan, Minghao Liu, and Ying Huang. "Activation of Secondary Metabolism in Red Soil-Derived Streptomycetes via Co-Culture with Mycolic Acid-Containing Bacteria." Microorganisms 9, no. 11 (October 20, 2021): 2187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112187.

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Our previous research has demonstrated a promising capacity of streptomycetes isolated from red soils to produce novel secondary metabolites, most of which, however, remain to be explored. Co-culturing with mycolic acid-containing bacteria (MACB) has been used successfully in activating the secondary metabolism in Streptomyces. Here, we co-cultured 44 strains of red soil-derived streptomycetes with four MACB of different species in a pairwise manner and analyzed the secondary metabolites. The results revealed that each of the MACB strains induced changes in the metabolite profiles of 35–40 streptomycetes tested, of which 12–14 streptomycetes produced “new” metabolites that were not detected in the pure cultures. Moreover, some of the co-cultures showed additional or enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to the pure cultures, indicating that co-culture may activate the production of bioactive compounds. From the co-culture-induced metabolites, we identified 49 putative new compounds. Taking the co-culture of Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.264 and Mycobacterium sp. HX09-1 as a case, we further explored the underlying mechanism of co-culture activation and found that it most likely relied on direct physical contact between the two living bacteria. Overall, our results verify co-culture with MACB as an effective approach to discover novel natural products from red soil-derived streptomycetes.

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12

Hermann, COULIBALY WahauwouÃ©lÃ©, BOUATENIN Koffi Maizan Jean-Paul, KOUAME Kohi Alfred, and RIGOU Peggy. "Technical sheet of inï¬‚uence of Freeze-Dried Yeast Starter Cultures on Volatile Compounds of Tchapalo, a Traditional Sorghum Beer from CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 6, no. 3 (June 20, 2017): 913–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jbt.v6i3.6157.

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The production of the Ivorian sorghum beer known as tchapalo remains more or less an empirical process. The use of starter cultures was therefore suggested as the appropriate approach to alleviate the problems of variations inorganoleptic quality and microbiological stability. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of S. cerevisiae and C. tropicalis to produce sorghum beer as freeze-dried starter in mixed or pure cultures. Beers produced with mixed freeze-dried cultures of S. cerevisiae F12-7 and C. tropicalis C0-7 showed residual sugars and ethanol contents similar to beers obtained with S. cerevisiae F12-7 pure culture, but the total sum of organic acids analyzed was the highest with the mixed culture (15.71 g/L). Higher alcohols were quantitatively the largest group of volatile compounds detected in beers. Among these compounds, 2-phenyl ethanol, a higher alcohol that plays an important role in beer ï¬‚avor, was highly produced with the mixed culture (10174.8 Âµg/L) than with the pure culture (8749.9 Âµg/L).

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13

Mormontoy, Juliet, and Jasmin E. Hurtado. "Hydrogen Sulphide Production at Alkaline, Neutral and Acid pH by a Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Peruvian Mine Tailing and Wetland." Advanced Materials Research 825 (October 2013): 384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.825.384.

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The gol aim of this study is to optimize the ability to produce hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in pure and mixed cultures of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) at pH variations from 9 to 5. Hydrogen sulphide produced by SRB reacts with dissolved metals in water or tailings generating highly insoluble metal sulfides and therefore the selective immobilization of different metals. Three strains of SRB were isolated from Orcopampa mine tailings and from the Pantanos de Villa wetlands, both located in Peru. Cultures were identified by microscopy, cultural characteristics and biochemical tests as production of desulfoviridin and growth in different substrates. The production of H2S by pure and mixed cultures was evaluated at: acid pH (5), neutral pH (7) and alkaline pH (9). The mixed culture consisted of all three isolated species:Desulfobactersp. from mine tailings andDesulfovibrio desulfuricansandDesulfovibrio sapovorans from wetland sludges. Pure cultures of these three strains grew and produced H2S at both neutral or alkaline pH. At low pH no pure culture was able to grow and no production of H2S was detected. A mixed culture formed by the three isolated SRB was the only culture that grew and produced sulphide at the three different pH tested in shorter time (24 hours). The improvement of bacterial activity can be based in the metabolic diversity of the mixed culture able to use lactate and acetate as a result of the joint activity of these species. Energy obtained from the substrate is thus used more efficiently.

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14

Elshahed, Mostafa S., and Michael J. McInerney. "Benzoate Fermentation by the Anaerobic BacteriumSyntrophus aciditrophicus in the Absence of Hydrogen-Using Microorganisms." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 12 (December 1, 2001): 5520–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.12.5520-5525.2001.

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ABSTRACT The anaerobic bacterium Syntrophus aciditrophicusmetabolized benzoate in pure culture in the absence of hydrogen-utilizing partners or terminal electron acceptors. The pure culture of S. aciditrophicus produced approximately 0.5 mol of cyclohexane carboxylate and 1.5 mol of acetate per mol of benzoate, while a coculture of S.aciditrophicus with the hydrogen-using methanogenMethanospirillum hungatei produced 3 mol of acetate and 0.75 mol of methane per mol of benzoate. The growth yield of theS. aciditrophicus pure culture was 6.9 g (dry weight) per mol of benzoate metabolized, whereas the growth yield of the S. aciditrophicus-M. hungatei coculture was 11.8 g (dry weight) per mol of benzoate. Cyclohexane carboxylate was metabolized by S. aciditrophicus only in a coculture with a hydrogen user and was not metabolized by S. aciditrophicus pure cultures. Cyclohex-1-ene carboxylate was incompletely degraded by S. aciditrophicus pure cultures until a free energy change (ΔG′) of −9.2 kJ/mol was reached (−4.7 kJ/mol for the hydrogen-producing reaction). Cyclohex-1-ene carboxylate, pimelate, and glutarate transiently accumulated at micromolar levels during growth of an S. aciditrophicus pure culture with benzoate. High hydrogen (10.1 kPa) and acetate (60 mM) levels inhibited benzoate metabolism byS. aciditrophicus pure cultures. These results suggest that benzoate fermentation by S. aciditrophicus in the absence of hydrogen users proceeds via a dismutation reaction in which the reducing equivalents produced during oxidation of one benzoate molecule to acetate and carbon dioxide are used to reduce another benzoate molecule to cyclohexane carboxylate, which is not metabolized further. Benzoate fermentation to acetate, CO2, and cyclohexane carboxylate is thermodynamically favorable and can proceed at free energy values more positive than −20 kJ/mol, the postulated minimum free energy value for substrate metabolism.

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15

COLEMAN, A. A., and B. OORAIKUL. "CHARACTERISTICS of PURE CULTURE CANOLA SAUCE FERMENTATION." Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 13, no. 4 (August 1989): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.1989.tb00104.x.

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16

Moore, L. M., A. E. Jansen, and L. J. L. D. Van Griensven. "Pure culture synthesis of ectomycorrhizas withCantharellus cibarius." Acta Botanica Neerlandica 38, no. 3 (September 1989): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1989.tb01351.x.

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17

Hutchison, Leonard J. "Notes on Limacella illinita in Pure Culture." Mycologia 80, no. 1 (January 1988): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3807502.

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18

Colt, John, and Barnaby Watten. "Applications of pure oxygen in fish culture." Aquacultural Engineering 7, no. 6 (January 1988): 397–441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-8609(88)90003-9.

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19

Lee, Duu-Jong, Kuan-Yeow Show, and Ay Su. "Dark fermentation on biohydrogen production: Pure culture." Bioresource Technology 102, no. 18 (September 2011): 8393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.041.

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20

Fuentes, María S., Gabriela E. Briceño, Juliana M. Saez, Claudia S. Benimeli, María C. Diez, and María J. Amoroso. "Enhanced Removal of a Pesticides Mixture by Single Cultures and Consortia of Free and ImmobilizedStreptomycesStrains." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/392573.

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Pesticides are normally used to control specific pests and to increase the productivity in crops; as a result, soils are contaminated with mixtures of pesticides. In this work, the ability ofStreptomycesstrains (either as pure or mixed cultures) to remove pentachlorophenol and chlorpyrifos was studied. The antagonism among the strains and their tolerance to the toxic mixture was evaluated. Results revealed that the strains did not have any antagonistic effects and showed tolerance against the pesticides mixture. In fact, the growth of mixed cultures was significantly higher than in pure cultures. Moreover, a pure culture (Streptomycessp. A5) and a quadruple culture had the highest pentachlorophenol removal percentages (10.6% and 10.1%, resp.), whileStreptomycessp. M7 presented the best chlorpyrifos removal (99.2%). Mixed culture of allStreptomycesspp. when assayed either as free or immobilized cells showed chlorpyrifos removal percentages of 40.17% and 71.05%, respectively, and for pentachlorophenol 5.24% and 14.72%, respectively, suggesting better removal of both pesticides by using immobilized cells. These results reveal that environments contaminated with mixtures of xenobiotics could be successfully cleaned up by using either free or immobilized cultures ofStreptomyces, throughin situorex situremediation techniques.

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21

Qu, Youpeng, Yujie Feng, Xin Wang, and Bruce E. Logan. "Use of a Coculture To Enable Current Production by Geobacter sulfurreducens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 9 (February 17, 2012): 3484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00073-12.

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ABSTRACTMicrobial fuel cells often produce more electrical power with mixed cultures than with pure cultures. Here, we show that a coculture of a nonexoelectrogen (Escherichia coli) andGeobacter sulfurreducensimproved system performance relative to that of a pure culture of the exoelectrogen due to the consumption of oxygen leaking into the reactor.

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22

Kozar, S. F. "PRODUCTION OF PHYTOHORMONES OF BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM AND AZOSPIRILLUM BRASILENSE UNDER THEIR SIMULTANEOUS CULTIVATION." Agriciltural microbiology 28 (July 10, 2018): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.28.33-40.

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Objective. Investigate the activity of biosynthesis of phytohormonal substances with nitrogen-fixing bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azospirillum brasilense in pure and mixed culture. Methods. Microbiological, chromatographic, and mathematical. Results It has been established that the simultaneous cultivation of B. japonicum M-8 and A. brasilense 410 increases the content of gibberellins and cytokinins in the culture fluid of the test microorganisms. The content of gibberellic acid and isopentenylidene has increased most intensively in mixed culture compared with the pure culture of rhizobia. In the course of co-cultivation, the studied diazotrophs more intensively produced auxins compared to soybean rhizobia in pure culture, but less compared to pure culture of azospirilla. The highest level of abscisic acid that can inhibit the formation of nodules was found in A. brasilense 410 culture fluid, and it was lower when cultivating B japonicum M-8. However, the smallest amount of this phytohormone was found in the culture liquid of diazotrophs under their co-cultivation. The lowest ratio of auxin/cytokinin was found in B. japonicum M-8 and A. brasilense 410 culture fluid under their co-cultivation, which should positively influence the formation of a symbiotic system when interacting with soybean plants. Conclusion. A combination of cultivating rhizobia and azospirilla showed an increase in the amount of cytokinins and gibberellins in the culture fluid of the microorganisms, a decrease in the amount of abscisic acid and improvement in the auxin/cytokinin ratio compared to the values of the pure cultures of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria studied. An analysis of the quantitative parameters of the content of phytohormones suggests the feasibility of combining B. japonicum and A. brasilense in a mixed culture for the effective introduction of rhizobia in soybean agrocenosis.

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23

Pachapur, Vinayak Laxman, Prianka Kutty, Preetika Pachapur, Satinder Kaur Brar, Yann Le Bihan, Rosa Galvez-Cloutier, and Gerardo Buelna. "Seed Pretreatment for Increased Hydrogen Production Using Mixed-Culture Systems with Advantages over Pure-Culture Systems." Energies 12, no. 3 (February 7, 2019): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030530.

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Hydrogen is an important source of energy and is considered as the future energy carrier post-petroleum era. Nowadays hydrogen production through various methods is being explored and developed to minimize the production costs. Biological hydrogen production has remained an attractive option, highly economical despite low yields. The mixed-culture systems use undefined microbial consortia unlike pure-cultures that use defined microbial species for hydrogen production. This review summarizes mixed-culture system pretreatments such as heat, chemical (acid, alkali), microwave, ultrasound, aeration, and electric current, amongst others, and their combinations to improve the hydrogen yields. The literature representation of pretreatments in mixed-culture systems is as follows: 45–50% heat-treatment, 15–20% chemical, 5–10% microwave, 10–15% combined and 10–15% other treatment. In comparison to pure-culture mixed-culture offers several advantages, such as technical feasibility, minimum inoculum steps, minimum media supplements, ease of operation, and the fact it works on a wide spectrum of low-cost easily available organic wastes for valorization in hydrogen production. In comparison to pure-culture, mixed-culture can eliminate media sterilization (4 h), incubation step (18–36 h), media supplements cost ($4–6 for bioconversion of 1 kg crude glycerol (CG)) and around 10–15 Millijoule (MJ) of energy can be decreased for the single run.

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24

Liu, Yin, Jing Liang He, Ji Hong Zhao, Ming Bao Wei, Xue Peng Yang, and Shu Juan Zheng. "Enhanaced Propionic Acid Production by Mixed Culture of Propionibacterium acidipropioniai and Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 1424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1424.

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In a batch mixed culture of Propionibacterium acidipropioniai and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which could exploit synergistic effects, cell growth and propionic acid production rates of P. acidipropioniai significantly increased, compared with those in pure cultures. Compared with a pure culture, the mixed culture had a significant improvement on the maximal propionic acid (12.1 g/l vs. 10.1 g/l) and glycerol conversion efficiency (60.5% vs. 50.5%). Propionic acid production was further enhanced by an addition of glycerol solution in the fed-batch mixed culture; and the maximal propionic acid yield and glycerol conversion efficiency reached 27.9 g/l and 56.7%, respectively. These results showed that a mixed culture of P. acidipropionici and S. cerevisiae could serve as an excellent alternative to conventional propionic acid fermentation.

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25

Z., Liangren, Jianli Ch., Yong L., Xien Ch., Guorui L., Rahman K., Esmayil M., Feng Ya., and Yingxia M. "Early Metallurgy of Eastern Xinjiang." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 33, no. 3 (2021): 203–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(3).-12.

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This paper examines the form and chemical composition of metal artifacts of three successive cultures of the Hami region. The metal artifacts of the Tianshanbeilu culture are rather diverse in both type and material; body ornaments are dominant, whereas tools and weapons are quantitatively modest. The typological composition and the predominance of body ornaments made of tin bronze, pure copper, and arsenic copper are reminiscent of the Karasuk culture in the Minusinsk Basin and the Siba culture in the Hexi Corridor. Apart from the bulk metal types, there are gold, lead, and antimonial copper. The metal artifacts of the succeeding culture of Yanbulake are morphologically derived from Tianshanbeilu. In the subsequent Heigouliang culture, apart from old types of metal artifacts inherited from the Yanbulake culture, there are a number of new types of artifacts that are morphologically derived from nomadic cultures in the Eurasian steppe. In the cultures of Yanbulake and Heigouliang, the use of tin bronze, arsenic copper, and pure copper prevailed. The source of minerals, especially tin, which is used throughout the three successive cultures, awaits further investigation. Keywords: Xinjiang, Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, metallurgy, Eurasia

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26

Inamori, Yuhei, Xiao-Lei Wu, and Motoyuki Mizuochi. "N2O producing capability of nitrosomonas europaea, nitrobacter winogradskyi and alcaligenes faecalis." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 10 (November 1, 1997): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0360.

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Nitrosomonas europaea, Nitrobacter winogradskyi and Alcaligenes faecalis—typical ammonia-oxidizer, nitrite-oxidizer and heterotrophic nitrifier were immobilized in PVA gel and employed in the study. Continuous experiments were conducted in their pure and mixed cultures with DO concentrations in the cultures kept at 4, 2, 0.5 mg·l−1. Comparisons among N2O emission from different cultures were made to show their N2O producing capabilities. Results showed that: compared with N. europaea and A. faecalis, N. winogradskyi produced negligible N2O. On the other hand, N. europaea had the highest N2O producing ability. Unit N. europaea produced N2O 18–53 times higher than unit A. faecalis did. However, due to the higher population of A. faecalis, N2O production of the A. faecalis culture was higher than that of the N. europaea culture when DO concentration in the cultures was 2 mg·l−1; whereas, N2O yields of the A. faecalis culture were smaller than those of the N. europaea culture at DO concentrations of 4 and 0.5 mg·l−1. N2O emitted from most the mixed cultures was lower than that from pure cultures under the experimental conditions.

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27

Al-Hamadany, Weam Saad. "Isolation and Identification of Gram Positive Cocci Bacterial Pathogens from Sappurative Otitis Media Infections." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 37, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v37i1.345.

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Otitis Media (OM) is a common disease. It represents a serious problem mainly after winter outbreaks of respiratory tract infections (RTI); its consequences are hearing weakness; or even loss in adults and problems in speech in children. Gram-positive Cocci bacteria are among the causative pathogens. This study concerned with suppurative otitis media caused by gram-positive Cocci bacteria; either as pure culture or mixed with other pathogens. A total of 60 ear swabs were collected from Ear, Nose and Throat Department outpatients in AL-Nuaman hospital in Baghdad and cultured to isolate and identify the most common causative bacterial pathogen among gram positive Cocci. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolated bacteria (81.6%) representing (53.3%) as pure culture and (28.3%) as mixed. Streptococcus pneumonia was the second isolated pathogen (18.3%) representing (8.3%) as pure culture and (10%) as mixed. The mixed culture represented other pathogens like gram-negative bacteria and fungi.

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Cucaita, Alexandra, Marianne Piochon, and Richard Villemur. "Co-culturing Hyphomicrobium nitrativorans strain NL23 and Methylophaga nitratireducenticrescens strain JAM1 allows sustainable denitrifying activities under marine conditions." PeerJ 9 (November 1, 2021): e12424. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12424.

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Background Hyphomicrobium nitrativorans strain NL23 and Methylophaga nitratireducenticrescens strain JAM1 are the principal bacteria involved in the denitrifying activities of a methanol-fed, fluidized-bed marine denitrification system. Strain NL23 possesses the complete denitrification pathway, but cannot grow under marine conditions in pure cultures. Strain JAM1 is a marine bacterium that lacks genes encoding a dissimilatory nitrite (NO2−) reductase and therefore cannot reduce NO2−. Here, we report the characterization of some of their physiological traits that could influence their co-habitation. We also perform co-cultures to assess the potential synergy between the two strains under marine and denitrifying conditions. Methodology Anoxic planktonic pure cultures of both strains were grown with different concentrations of nitrate (NO3−). Anoxic planktonic co-cultures could only be cultured on low NaCl concentrations for strain NL23 to grow. Biofilm co-cultures were achieved in a 500-mL bioreactor, and operated under denitrifying conditions with increasing concentrations of NaCl. NO3− and NO2− concentrations and the protein content were measured to derive the denitrification rates. The concentrations of both strains in co-cultures were determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Ectoine concentration was measured by mass spectrometry in the biofilm co-culture. The biofilm was visualized by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Reverse-transcription-qPCR and RNA-seq approaches were used to assess changes in the expression profiles of genes involved in the nitrogen pathways in the biofilm cultures. Results Planktonic pure cultures of strain JAM1 had a readiness to reduce NO3− with no lag phase for growth in contrast to pure cultures of strain NL23, which had a 2-3 days lag phase before NO3− starts to be consumed and growth to occur. Compared to strain NL23, strain JAM1 has a higher µmax for growth and higher specific NO3− reduction rates. Denitrification rates were twice higher in the planktonic co-cultures than those measured in strain NL23 pure cultures. The biofilm co-cultures showed sustained denitrifying activities and surface colonization by both strains under marine conditions. Increase in ectoine concentrations was observed in the biofilm co-culture with the increase of NaCl concentrations. Changes in the relative transcript levels were observed in the biofilm culture with genes encoding NapA and NapGH in strain NL23. The type of medium had a great impact on the expression of genes involved in the N-assimilation pathways in both strains. Conclusions These results illustrate the capacity of both strains to act together in performing sustainable denitrifying activities under marine conditions. Although strain JAM1 did not contribute in better specific denitrifying activities in the biofilm co-cultures, its presence helped strain NL23 to acclimate to medium with NaCl concentrations >1.0%.

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Carson, Katherine H., Harry T. Cralle, James M. Chandler, Travis D. Miller, Rodney W. Bovey, Scott A. Senseman, and Martin J. Stone. "Triticum aestivumandLolium multifloruminteraction during drought." Weed Science 47, no. 4 (August 1999): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500092055.

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A greenhouse experiment compared the vegetative growth in pure cultures and mixtures of winterTriticum aestivumcultivar ‘Mit’ andLolium multiflorumcultivar ‘Marshall’ in continuously watered controls and drought treatments. ControlL. multiflorumin pure culture 14 wk after planting produced more leaf area, tillers, and dry weights of stem and root than controlT. aestivumin pure culture. The greater seed size, larger initial leaf area, and height allowedT. aestivumto produce greater final leaf area and dry stem weight in control mixtures thanL. multiflorum.Watering following drought shifted the relative performance of the two species in pure cultures and mixtures compared to controls. The ability ofT. aestivumto maintain a greater leaf expansion rate during drought and a greater leaf area afterward thanL, multiflorumallowedT. aestivumto attain greater growth thanL. multiflorumin pure cultures exposed to temporary drought followed by watering. Conversely, drought and its relief enhanced the relative competitiveness ofL. multiflorumcompared to controls in mixtures withT. aestivum.During 4 wk of watering following the drought,L. multiflorumin mixtures grew vigorously and was similar toT. aestivumin all measures except in height and dry stem weight. Thus,L. multiflorumwas similar in root growth withT. aestivumin control and drought mixtures and had its aboveground competitiveness amplified by the cycle of drought and watering in this study. There was no evidence of an allelopathic interaction between the two species.

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Contreras, E. M., L. Giannuzzi, and N. E. Zaritzky. "Competitive growth kinetics of Sphaerotilus natans and Acinetobacter anitratus." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2002): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0454.

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Growth kinetics of Sphaerotilus natans and Acinetobacter anitratus (strain E932) in pure and mixed cultures were analysed. In order to determine mixed cultures biomass composition, a quantitative image analysis technique was developed. Pure culture studies showed that for dilution rates less than 0.188 h−1, the filamentous micro-organism will predominate leading to bulking phenomena. By using the developed technique to determine biomass composition, mixed culture experiments showed that changes in the dilution rate modify the microbial composition of the biomass determining which micro-organisms predominate. The stated equations that predict the predominance of S. natans at low dilution rates agree satisfactorily with the obtained results.

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31

Chih-Jen, Lu, Lee Chi-Mei, and Huang Chiou-Zong. "Biodegradation of chlorophenols by immobilized pure-culture microorganisms." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 10 (November 1, 1996): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0240.

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The biodegradation of phenol and chlorophenols by immobilized pure-culture cells was conducted by a series of batch reactors. The microorganisms used in this study were Pseudomonas putida, Psuedomonas testosteroni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Agrobacterium radiobacter. All four species showed the ortho-cleavage pathway to metabolize chlorophenols. Among the four species, P. testosteroni, P. putida, and P. aeruginosa could effectively remove phenol at 200 mg/l. P. testosteroni could effectively remove 2-chlorophenol at 10mg/l. However, the other three species, P. putida, P. aeruginosa, and A. radiobacter, could not effectively remove 2-chlorophenol. Although 3-chlorophenol is a recalcitrant compound, P. testosteroni also could rapidly metabolize 3-chlorophenol at 10 mg/l. The removal of 4-chlorophenol at 10 mg/l by P. testosteroni reached 98% within one day. P. aeruginosa and A. radiobacter also could metabolize 4-chlorophenol after 2 and 7 days of lag period, respectively.

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Petkus, A. F., L. L. Baum, R. B. Ellis, M. Stern, and D. L. Danley. "Pure spherules of Coccidioides immitis in continuous culture." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 22, no. 2 (1985): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.22.2.165-167.1985.

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ZHANG, Yan-sheng, Wen-qing QIN, Jun WANG, Shi-jie ZHEN, Cong-ren YANG, Jian-wen ZHANG, Shao-shi NAI, and Guan-zhou QIU. "Bioleaching of chalcopyrite by pure and mixed culture." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 18, no. 6 (December 2008): 1491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(09)60031-5.

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Buscot, F. "Mycelial differentiation of Morchella esculenta in pure culture." Mycological Research 97, no. 2 (February 1993): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80234-7.

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35

Scrase, Richard. "Cultivating mushrooms — From pure culture to spawn production." Mycologist 9, no. 2 (May 1995): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-915x(09)80207-3.

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Mozumder, Md Salatul Islam, Laurens Goormachtigh, Linsey Garcia-Gonzalez, Heleen De Wever, and Eveline I. P. Volcke. "Modeling pure culture heterotrophic production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)." Bioresource Technology 155 (March 2014): 272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.103.

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37

Lehto, Tarja, Arlena Brosinsky, Helvi Heinonen-Tanski, and Tapani Repo. "Freezing tolerance of ectomycorrhizal fungi in pure culture." Mycorrhiza 18, no. 8 (August 8, 2008): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00572-008-0190-5.

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38

Karns, J. S., W. W. Mulbry, J. O. Nelson, and P. C. Kearney. "Metabolism of carbofuran by a pure bacterial culture." Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 25, no. 2 (April 1986): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-3575(86)90048-9.

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39

Logroño, Washington, Marcell Nikolausz, Hauke Harms, and Sabine Kleinsteuber. "Physiological Effects of 2-Bromoethanesulfonate on Hydrogenotrophic Pure and Mixed Cultures." Microorganisms 10, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020355.

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Mixed or pure cultures can be used for biomethanation of hydrogen. Sodium 2-bromoethanesulfonate (BES) is an inhibitor of methanogenesis used to investigate competing reactions like homoacetogenesis in mixed cultures. To understand the effect of BES on the hydrogenotrophic metabolism in a biomethanation process, anaerobic granules from a wastewater treatment plant, a hydrogenotrophic enrichment culture, and pure cultures of Methanococcus maripaludis and Methanobacterium formicicum were incubated under H2/CO2 headspace in the presence or absence of BES, and the turnover of H2, CO2, CH4, formate and acetate was analyzed. Anaerobic granules produced the highest amount of formate after 24 h of incubation in the presence of BES. Treating the enrichment culture with BES led to the accumulation of formate. M. maripaludis produced more formate than M. formicicum when treated with BES. The non-inhibited methanogenic communities produced small amounts of formate whereas the pure cultures did not. The highest amount of acetate was produced by the anaerobic granules concomitantly with formate consumption. These results indicate that formate is an important intermediate of hydrogenotrophic metabolism accumulating upon methanogenesis inhibition.

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40

Lakhman, A. R., O. Ye Galatiuk, T. A. Romanishina, and V. L. Behas. "Antagonistic effect of Bacillus subtilis isolated and identified from different honey species against Klebsiella pneumoniae bee pathogens." Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences 4, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/ujvas4-3.08.

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The search for alternative methods for treating and preventing bee dysbacteriosis is a priority for beekeeping as a branch of veterinary medicine. Lime honey, buckwheat honey, flower honey, forest honey, and acacia honey were tested to evaluate their antagonistic effect against a test culture of enterobacteria of bees of Klebsiella pneumoniae species. The study was conducted in several stages: 1. Determine the activity of honey microflora against a pure culture of enterobacteria of bees of Klebsiella pneumoniae bee pathogens; 2. The identification and isolation of Bacillus subtilis – bacteria-antagonists against Klebsiella pneumoniae bee pathogens; 3. Determine the antagonistic effect of pure culture of Bacillus subtilis against a pure culture of enterobacteria of Klebsiella pneumoniae bee pathogens. The antagonistic action of honey microorganisms and the determination of the most effective honey species were established by the diffusion method in agar wells. Staining of typical colonies from different types of honey revealed bacillary colonies of Gram-positive bacilli with endospores. Isolation of clean culture was conducted by a method of Gold. The cultural, tinctorial, and morphological signs of bacteria have been consistently determined in all investigated kinds of honey and coincided with characteristics of the Bacellaceae family. Specific belonging of bacteria-competitors was identified by biochemical typing. After determining their physiological properties in reactions and tests (activity of catalase, oxidase, urease, the ability to grow at different temperatures and to ferment carbohydrate substrate), the distinguished stamms of microorganisms from the investigated kinds of honey belong to the type of Bacillus subtilis. The repeated estimation of antagonistic action of pure cultures of Bacillus subtilis (isolated from each type of honey) against a pure culture of enterobacteria of bees of Klebsiella pneumoniae species confirmed their high activity. This type of microorganisms can represent the alternative component in probiotics at the therapy of dysbiosis of bees.

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Gastélum-Martínez, Elida, Stephane Compant, Patricia Taillandier, and Florence Mathieu. "Control of T-2 Toxin in Fusarium Langsethiae and Geotrichum Candidum Co-Culture / Kontrola Toksina T-2 U Kokulturi Fusarium Langsethiae I Geotrichum Candidum." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-63-2012-2206.

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AbstractDue to contamination of barley grains by Fusarium langsethiae, T-2 toxin can be present in the brewing process. It has been observed that the presence of the yeast Geotrichum candidum during malting can reduce the final concentration of this mycotoxin in beer. In this work, a co-culture method was carried out for both microorganisms in order to evaluate the effect on T-2 mycotoxin concentration in comparison with the pure culture of F. langsethiae in the same conditions. The microbial growth of both microorganisms was assessed using three different methods: dry weight, DOPE-FISH, and DNA quantification. In coculture, both microorganisms globally developed less than in pure cultures but G. candidum showed a better growth than F. langsethiae. The concentration of T-2 was reduced by 93 % compared to the pure culture. Hence, the interaction between G. candidum and F. langsethiae led to a drastic mycotoxin reduction despite the only partial inhibition of fungal growth

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Arslan, Ebru, Zeynep Çelik, and Turgut Cabaroğlu. "Effects of Pure and Mixed Autochthonous Torulaspora delbrueckii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Fermentation and Volatile Compounds of Narince Wines." Foods 7, no. 9 (September 5, 2018): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods7090147.

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The cultivar of Narince is a native white grape variety of Vitis vinifera, grown in Tokat city, the Mid-Black Sea Region of Anatolia. In this study, the effects of pure and mixed autochthonous Torulaspora delbrueckii-214 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae-1088 cultures on the fermentation behavior and aroma compounds of Narince wines were investigated. Volatile compounds formed in wines were extracted using a liquid–liquid extraction method and determined by GC-MS-FID. Narince grape must was fermented in duplicate, under the following three conditions. Two pure cultures of T. delbrueckii-214 and S. cerevisiae-1088 and a mixture of T. delbrueckii-214 and S. cerevisiae-1088 (1:1). The presence of the non-Saccharomyces T. delbrueckii-214 yeast slowed down the fermentation and produced a lower level of ethanol and a higher levels of glycerol and volatile acid. Only the pure culture of T. delbrueckii-214 was unable to finish fermentation. On the other hand, mixed culture fermentation improved the aroma intensity and complexity of wine due to increased levels of higher alcohols and esters. According to sensory analysis, wine fermented with mixed culture was the most preferred wine followed by wine inoculated with pure S. cerevisiae-1088. This study confirms the role of T. delbrueckii in wine aroma and the potential of non-Saccharomyces use in winemaking.

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Ivanova, T. V. "NUTRIENT MEDIA FOR OBTAINING A PURE CULTURE OF FUNGI OF THE GENUS Pleurotus in vitro." Biotechnologia Acta 9, no. 2 (2016): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech9.02.082.

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44

Marchesi, Julian R., та Andrew J. Weightman. "Comparing the Dehalogenase Gene Pool in Cultivated α-Halocarboxylic Acid-Degrading Bacteria with the Environmental Metagene Pool". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, № 8 (серпень 2003): 4375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.8.4375-4382.2003.

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ABSTRACT Culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches were used to determine the relationship between the dehalogenase gene pool in bacteria enriched and isolated on 2,2-dichloropropionic acid (22DCPA) and the environmental metagene pool (the collective gene pool of both the culturable and uncultured microbes) from which they were isolated. The dehalogenases in the pure-cultures isolates, which were able to degrade 22DCPA, were similar to previously described group I and II dehalogenases. Significantly, the majority of the dehalogenases isolated from activated sludge by degenerate PCR with primers specific for α-halocarboxylic acid dehalogenases were not closely related to the dehalogenases in any isolate. Furthermore, the dehalogenases found in the pure cultures predominated in the enrichments but were a minor component of the community used to inoculate the batch cultures. Phylogenetic analysis of the dehalogenase sequences isolated by degenerate PCR showed that the diversity of the group II deh gene was greater than that of the group I deh gene. Direct plating of the activated sludge onto minimal media supplemented with 22DCPA resulted in biomass and DNA from which dehalogenases were amplified. Analysis of the sequences revealed that they were much more closely related to the sequences found in the community used to start the enrichments. However, no pure cultures were obtained with this isolation method, and thus no pure cultures were available for identification. In this study we examined the link between genes found in pure cultures with the metagene pool from which they were isolated. The results show that there is a large bias introduced by culturing, not just in the bacteria isolated but also the degradative genes that they contain. Moreover, our findings serve as a caveat for studies involving the culturing of pure cultures of bacteria and conclusions which are drawn from analysis of these organisms.

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Fahmi, Norma Farizah, Lelly Aprilia Vidayati, Hamimmatus Zainiyah, and Nailufar Firdaus. "Comparison of Sensitivity of Salmonella Typhi Bacteria Isolate Tifoid Fever Patients And Pure Culture To Some Antibiotics In Laboratory." Journal of Midwifery 4, no. 1 (September 18, 2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jom.4.1.92-99.2019.

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Typhoid fever is one of the infectious diseases which can cause many problems in Indonesia and other developing countries. This fever occurs as a result of infections triggered by Salmonella typhi bacteria. The growth of Salmonella typhi can be inhibited using antibiotics. This study aims at investigating whether there is a difference in the sensitivity test of Salmonella typhi bacteria in an isolate of patients with typhoid fever and pure culture in a laboratory on some antibiotics.Salmonella typhi bacteria were isolated typhoid fever suspects at one of the hospitals in Surakarta. Pure cultures of Salmonella typhi bacteria were obtained from Microbiological Laboratory of Setia Budi University. Sensitivity test of antibiotics on Salmonella typhi bacteria used diffusion method. Data on antibiotics of inhibition zone diameter (mm) of antibiotics were analyzed statistically using the Two-Way Anova test.The research results demonstrate that the sensitivity test on Salmonella typhi bacteria in an isolate of patients with typhoid fever shows resistance (R) towards amoxicillin and sensitivity (S) towards trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin. Meanwhile, pure culture shows sensitivity (S) towards trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin. The diameter of the inhibition zone of the patient isolate is smaller than that of pure culture.

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46

Qiu, Mu-qing, Shui-ying Xiong, Wei-min Zhang, and Gen-xuan Wang. "A comparison of bioleaching of chalcopyrite using pure culture or a mixed culture." Minerals Engineering 18, no. 9 (August 2005): 987–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2005.01.004.

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Luo, Hong-Wei, Hui Zhang, Toshihiko Suzuki, Satoshi Hattori, and Yoichi Kamagata. "Differential Expression of Methanogenesis Genes of Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus (Formerly Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum) in Pure Culture and in Cocultures with Fatty Acid-Oxidizing Syntrophs." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 3 (March 2002): 1173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.3.1173-1179.2002.

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ABSTRACT The expression of genes involved in methanogenesis in a thermophilic hydrogen-utilizing methanogen, Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus strain TM, was investigated both in a pure culture sufficiently supplied with H2 plus CO2 and in a coculture with an acetate-oxidizing hydrogen-producing bacterium, Thermacetogenium phaeum strain PB, in which hydrogen partial pressure was constantly kept very low (20 to 80 Pa). Northern blot analysis indicated that only the mcr gene, which encodes methyl coenzyme M reductase I (MRI), catalyzing the final step of methanogenesis, was expressed in the coculture, whereas mcr and mrt, which encodes methyl coenzyme M reductase II (MRII), the isofunctional enzyme of MRI, were expressed at the early to late stage of growth in the pure culture. In contrast to these two genes, two isofunctional genes (mtd and mth) for N 5,N 10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the fourth step of methanogenesis, and two hydrogenase genes (frh and mvh) were expressed both in a pure culture and in a coculture at the early and late stages of growth. The same expression pattern was observed for Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus strain ΔH cocultured with a thermophilic butyrate-oxidizing syntroph, Syntrophothermus lipocalidus strain TGB-C1. Two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole proteins of M. thermoautotrophicus strain TM obtained from a pure culture and a coculture with the acetate-oxidizing syntroph and subsequent N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis confirmed that MRI and MRII were produced in the pure culture, while only MRI was produced in the coculture. These results indicate that under syntrophic growth conditions, the methanogen preferentially utilizes MRI but not MRII. Considering that hydrogenotrophic methanogens are strictly dependent for growth on hydrogen-producing fermentative microbes in the natural environment and that the hydrogen supply occurs constantly at very low concentrations compared with the supply in pure cultures in the laboratory, the results suggest that MRI is an enzyme primarily functioning in natural methanogenic ecosystems.

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Tan, Li Li, Liang Ren, Yuan Yuan Cao, Xiao Lin Chen, and Xin Yun Tang. "Bacterial Cellulose Synthesis in Kombucha by Gluconacetobacter sp and Saccharomyces sp." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 1000–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.1000.

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Strain Gluconacetobacter hansenii CGMCC1671 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CGMCC1670 were applied to make traditional Kombucha with pure cultures to search for the optimum parameters of major factors affecting the yields and productivities of Bacterial cellulose (BC) in the beverage. Three culture factors were examined. The yields and productivities of BC and sugar consumed were measured after cultured statically for 22 days. After single factor test factors affecting the yields and productivities of BC have been optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The quadratic polynomial regression equation reflecting BC yield and affecting factors was build up with Box-Behnken design principle. The optimal values of 10.37% inoculum, initial pH 4.96 and medium volume 77.13 mL in 250 mL flask were obtained with theoretical BC yield 300.093mg/g. BC yield of 279.579 mg/g was obtained with 6.84% deviation by validation test with the optimal parameters. The co-culture of pure strains of traditional Kombucha technique can be used to provide both high quality and high yield of BC in addition to producing high quality Kombucha beverage.

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Ratanasavanh, D., P. Beaune, G. Baffet, M. Rissel, P. Kremers, F. P. Guengerich, and A. Guillouzo. "Immunocytochemical evidence for the maintenance of cytochrome P-450 isozymes, NADPH cytochrome C reductase, and epoxide hydrolase in pure and mixed primary cultures of adult human hepatocytes." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 34, no. 4 (April 1986): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/34.4.3081626.

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Specific polyclonal antibodies were used to investigate the distribution of two cytochrome P-450 isozymes (5 and 8), NADPH cytochrome c reductase, and epoxide hydrolase in adult human hepatocytes cultured alone or co-cultured with rat liver epithelial cells. The enzymes were localized by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique following fixation with a paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde mixture and membrane permeabilization with saponin. The pattern of distribution of the four enzymes after 24 hr in culture was similar to that found in vivo. Virtually all the hepatocytes exhibited nearly homogeneous positive staining for cytochrome P-450-8, whereas only 60-80% were positive for cytochrome P-450-5. Nearly homogeneous staining was also observed in all hepatocytes for NADPH cytochrome c reductase and epoxide hydrolase. During the first 12 days in pure culture, the intensity of staining, as well as the number of positively stained cells, decreased slightly except for epoxide hydrolase, which did not show any obvious change. In contrast, even after 15 days in co-culture the extent of staining for all the enzymes decreased less than in pure culture. These results indicate that adult human hepatocytes continue to express specific drug-metabolizing enzymes for several days in culture and provide further evidence that those cells are more stable than rodent hepatocytes in primary culture.

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Mrazikova, Anna, Renata Marcincakova, Jana Kadukova, Oksana Velgosova, and Magdalena Balintova. "Influence Of Used Bacterial Culture On Zinc And Aluminium Bioleaching From Printed Circuit Boards." Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nbec-2015-0013.

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Abstract Bioleaching processes were used to solubilize metals (Cu, Ni, Zn and Al) from printed circuit boards (PCBs). In this study, a PCBs-adapted pure culture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, pure culture of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and PCBs-adapted mixed culture of A. ferrooxidans and A. thiooxidans were used for recovery of the metals. The study showed that the mixed bacterial culture has the greatest potential to dissolve metals. The maximum metal bioleaching efficiencies were found to be 100, 92, 89 and 20% of Cu, Ni, Zn and Al, respectively. The mixed culture revealed higher bacterial stability. The main factor responsible for high metal recovery was the ability of the mixed culture to maintain the low pH during the whole process. The pure culture of A. thiooxidans had no significant effect on metal bioleaching from PCBs.

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