Готові списки джерел за темами / Pure and Mixed industrial solvent system

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Pure and Mixed industrial solvent system"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 18 травня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Pure and Mixed industrial solvent system"

Marín, Sabrina, Mayra Cortés, Mauricio Acosta, Karla Delgado, Camila Escuti, Diego Ayma, and Cecilia Demergasso. "From Laboratory towards Industrial Operation: Biomarkers for Acidophilic Metabolic Activity in Bioleaching Systems." Genes 12, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12040474.

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In the actual mining scenario, copper bioleaching, mainly raw mined material known as run-of-mine (ROM) copper bioleaching, is the best alternative for the treatment of marginal resources that are not currently considered part of the profitable reserves because of the cost associated with leading technologies in copper extraction. It is foreseen that bioleaching will play a complementary role in either concentration—as it does in Minera Escondida Ltd. (MEL)—or chloride main leaching plants. In that way, it will be possible to maximize mines with installed solvent-extraction and electrowinning capacities that have not been operative since the depletion of their oxide ores. One of the main obstacles for widening bioleaching technology applications is the lack of knowledge about the key events and the attributes of the technology’s critical events at the industrial level and mainly in ROM copper bioleaching industrial operations. It is relevant to assess the bed environment where the bacteria–mineral interaction occurs to learn about the limiting factors determining the leaching rate. Thus, due to inability to accurately determine in-situ key variables, their indirect assessment was evaluated by quantifying microbial metabolic-associated responses. Several candidate marker genes were selected to represent the predominant components of the microbial community inhabiting the industrial heap and the metabolisms involved in microbial responses to changes in the heap environment that affect the process performance. The microbial community’s predominant components were Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, At. thiooxidans, Leptospirillum ferriphilum, and Sulfobacillus sp. Oxygen reduction, CO2 and N2 fixation/uptake, iron and sulfur oxidation, and response to osmotic stress were the metabolisms selected regarding research results previously reported in the system. After that, qPCR primers for each candidate gene were designed and validated. The expression profile of the selected genes vs. environmental key variables in pure cultures, column-leaching tests, and the industrial bioleaching heap was defined. We presented the results obtained from the industrial validation of the marker genes selected for assessing CO2 and N2 availability, osmotic stress response, as well as ferrous iron and sulfur oxidation activity in the bioleaching heap process of MEL. We demonstrated that molecular markers are useful for assessing limiting factors like nutrients and air supply, and the impact of the quality of recycled solutions. We also learned about the attributes of variables like CO2, ammonium, and sulfate levels that affect the industrial ROM-scale operation.

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Esan, Olaseni Segun, Medinat Olubunmi Osundiya, Christopher Olumuyiwa Aboluwoye, Owoyomi Olanrewaju, and Jide Ige. "Thermodynamic and Interfacial Properties of DTABr/CTABr Mixed Surfactant Systems in Ethanolamine/Water Mixtures: A Conductometry Study." ISRN Thermodynamics 2013 (December 17, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/280101.

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Mixed-micelle formation in the binary mixtures of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTABr) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) surfactants in water-ethanolamine mixed solvent systems has been studied by conductometric method in the temperature range of 298.1 to 313.1 K at 5 K intervals. It was observed that the presence of ethanolamine forced the formation of mixed micelle to lower total surfactant concentration than in water only. The synergistic interaction was quantitatively investigated using the theoretical models of Clint and Rubingh. The interaction parameter β12 was negative at all the mole fractions of DTABr in the surfactant mixtures indicating a strong synergistic interaction, with the presence of ethanolamine in the solvent system resulting in a more enhanced synergism in micelle formation than in water only. The free energy of micellization ΔGM values was more negative in water-ethanolamine mixed solvent system than in pure water indicating more spontaneity in mixed micelle formation in the presence of ethanolamine than in pure water.

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Gredmaier, Ludwig, Sabine Grüner-Lempart, Julian Eckert, Rainer Joachim, and Peter Funke. "Gas-to-aqueous Phase Transfer for Three Paint Solvents Injected into an Abiotic, Industrial Biotrickling Filter Measured with a Flame Ionization Detector." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 66, no. 1 (November 26, 2021): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.18131.

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This is a knowledge contribution to the unsatisfactory biodegradation problem, when biotrickling filters are purifying mixed paint solvents. A biotrickling filter manufacturer reported low biodegradation rates during the purification of a hydrocarbon pollutant mix from an industrial paint spraying floor. From a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer analysis both hydrophilic and hydrophobic solvents were found in the polluted air. It is known that biodegradation is retarded, if the pollutant does not transfer from gas to liquid into the biofilm and it was therefore suspected that hydrophobic pollutants do not sufficiently migrate into the water/biofilm. To test this hypothesis, pure, rather than mixed pollutants, were injected into the abiotic biotrickling filter. When hydrophobic paint solvent (xylene) was sprayed into the biotrickling filter, the solvent load at the outlet of the filter was almost as high as at the inlet. But when pure, hydrophilic paint solvent (PGME) was sprayed into the abiotic biotrickling filter, the solvent load measured at the outlet of the filter was zero, indicating complete dissolution into the circulation water. Carbon/solvent loads at the filter outlet and inlet were measured with a portable flame ionization detector instrument. The experiment confirms that the hydrophobic solvent does not migrate into the liquid phase. This poor mass transfer of hydrophobic solvents is likely to be the reason for the low biodegradation rate. The result is highly relevant to the paint spraying industry and manufacturers of exhaust gas treatment equipment alike, who spend millions in non-sustainable incineration of exhaust gases.

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Yoshikawa, Makoto, Kotaro Yamamoto, Zhiyun Noda, Masahiro Yasutake, Tatsumi Kitahara, Yuya Tachikawa, Stephen Matthew Lyth, Akari Hayashi, Junko Matsuda, and Kazunari Sasaki. "Self-Supporting Microporous Layer for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 37 (December 22, 2023): 1734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02371734mtgabs.

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Introduction Improving power density is desired in research and development of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) [1-5]. A reduction of gas diffusion resistance by down-thinning the gas diffusion layer (GDL) less than 50 μm is desirable [2]. Whilst both the electrocatalyst layers and electrolyte membrane are around 10 μm, the GDL is still relatively thick at about 150 μm [1]. The previous study investigated the possibility and technical issues in using high-strength and thin, porous metallic GDLs [3]. Based on such previous studies, this study aims to develop a self-supporting thin MPL/GDL with improved power density by creating conductive paths and reducing contact resistance with microporous layer (MPL) deposited on various GDLs. Experimental In this study, MPL was screen-printed on various mesh GDLs as substrates. Cells were fabricated by using these materials, and current-voltage characteristics and microstructural observations were performed. Stainless steel (SUS316 977mesh, 28 μm thick), titanium (200mesh, 152 μm thick), and carbon fiber (45 μm thick) were used as mesh GDL materials. The MPLs were composed of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and solvent (a mixture of polyethylene glycol 600 and pure water), which were mixed, screen printed, and heat treated at 300°C for 30 min to fabricate the MPL/GDL. Conventional materials such as Pt/C (TEC10E50E, Tanaka Kikinzoku, Japan) were used for preparing membrane-electrode-assemblies (MEAs). In the electrochemical characterization of this study, current-voltage characteristics were evaluated using an electrochemical impedance analyzer (SAS SP-240, Bio-Logic Science Instruments, France), and various overvoltages were separated. Results and discussion Figure 1 shows the current-voltage characteristics of cells using various MPL/GDLs. The thickness of MPL/GDLs fabricated was ranging from 62 to 180 μm. For comparison, the characteristics of a cell using a standard material, commercially available MPL/GDL (22BB, SGL Carbon, Germany), are also shown. The results indicate that the use of any kind of these MPLs improves cell performance. The electrochemical performance with metallic GDLs was considerably improved by applying MPLs. In particular, GDLs with metallic meshes made of SUS316 show a significant improvement in current-voltage characteristics by depositing MPLs. The activation overvoltage and ohmic overvoltage were comparable to those of 22BB, the commercial GDL/MPL. This is because the contact resistance between the GDL and the catalyst layer is reduced by the carbon component in the MPL, and the electrical conductivity is improved. The concentration overvoltage was also suppressed by depositing the MPL. The cell performance with MPL3/SUS316 977mesh was comparable to that of 22BB. In the future, we aim to further reduce the concentration overvoltage by optimizing e.g., the content of hydrophilic components in MPLs. Acknowledgment This paper is based on results obtained from a project, JPNP20003, commissioned by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). References Takahashi, T. Ikeda, K. Murata, O. Hotaka, S. Hasegawa, Y. Tachikawa, M. Nishihara, J. Matsuda, T. Kitahara, M. Lyth, A. Hayashi, and K. Sasaki, J. Electrochem. Soc., 169, 044523, (2022). New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), Roadmap of Fuel Cells for Heavy-Duty Vehicles, 48, (2022), (in Japanese), https://www.nedo.go.jp/content/100944011.pdf Yamamoto, M. Yasutake, Z. Noda, S. M. Lyth, J. Matsuda, M. Nishihara, A. Hayashi, and K. Sasaki, ECS Trans., 109 (9),265 (2022). Larminie and A. Dicks, Fuel Cell Systems Explained, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, England, 2003. Kitahara, T. Konomi, H. Nakajima, and J. Shiraishi, Kikai B, 76 (761), 101, (2010). Figure 1

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Tyunina, E. Yu, and M. D. Chekunova. "LiAsF6 SOLUTIONS IN THE MIXED SOLVENTS OF PROPYLENE CARBONATE – DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE: ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY AND ELECTROCHEMICAL STABILITY." Электрохимия 59, no. 12 (December 1, 2023): 872–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0424857023120137.

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The specific conductivities of LiAsF6 solutions in a mixed solvent of propylene carbonate (PC) –dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were measured at temperatures of 253.15, 263.15, 273.15, 283.15, 293.15, 303.15, 313.15, 323.15 and 333.15 K being a ionophore concentration of 0.2 to 1.4 mol / kg. The portion of DMSO in the mixed solvent was varied in the range of (0.2 - 0.75) mole fractions. The specific conductivities of LiAsF6 in DMSO were studied in the temperature range of (293.15 – 333.15) K. Concentration dependences of specific conductivity of the system can be described by the Casteel-Amis equation. The contributions of the solvent and ionophore to the activation energy of the ionic conduction process are determined on the base of the transition state theory. It has been found that the LiAsF6 solutions in a mixed PC – DMSO solvent have a narrower electrochemical window compared to the solutions of this ionophore in pure PC and DMSO solvents.

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Chauhan, Mohinder S., Kishore C. Sharma, Girish Kumar, and Suvarcha Chauhan. "Conductance and Viscosity Studies of Ion Solvation in Mixed DMSO-MeOH Solvent." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 67, no. 8 (2002): 1141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20021141.

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Solvation behavior of Li+, Na+, K+, Ag+, Cl-, Br-, I- and ClO4- ions is reported at 25 °C from conductance and viscosity measurements of LiClO4, NaClO4, KClO4, AgClO4, LiCl, Bu4NClO4, Bu4NBr, Bu4NI, Ph4PBPh4, Bu4NBPh4, NaBPh4, Ph4PBr and NaBr in mixed DMSO-MeOH solvent. Anomalous behavior of Ag+ is interpreted as resulting from specific ion-solvent interactions. However, Li+, Na+ and K+ interact preferentially with DMSO electrostatically through oxygen atom of SO group. Initial decrease in solvation of alkali metal ions on addition of MeOH to pure DMSO is interpreted as an indication of strong intermolecular interactions between solvent components preferably through the hydrogen bond formation. The region of relatively strong intermolecular interactions is found between 10 and 40 mole % MeOH. The viscosity studies imply the existence of interactions between Br- or I- and DMSO. The studies however, indicate poor solvation of anions in this solvent system.

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Wang, Li, Rui Xu, Ruohua Liu, Peng Ge, Wei Sun, and Mengjie Tian. "Self-Assembly of NaOL-DDA Mixtures in Aqueous Solution: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study." Molecules 26, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 7117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237117.

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The self-assembly behaviors of sodium oleate (NaOL), dodecylamine (DDA), and their mixtures in aqueous solution were systematically investigated by large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, respectively. The interaction mechanisms between the surfactants, as well as the surfactants and solvent, were revealed via the radial distribution function (RDF), cluster size, solvent-accessible surface area (SASA), hydrogen bond, and non-bond interaction energy. Results showed that the molecules more easily formed aggregates in mixed systems compared to pure systems, indicating higher surface activity. The SASA values of DDA and NaOL decreased significantly after mixing, indicating a tighter aggregation of the mixed surfactants. The RDF results indicated that DDA and NaOL strongly interacted with each other, especially in the mixed system with a 1:1 molar ratio. Compared to van der Waals interactions, electrostatic interactions between the surfactant molecules were the main contributors to the improved aggregation in the mixed systems. Besides, hydrogen bonds were found between NaOL and DDA in the mixed systems. Therefore, the aggregates in the mixed systems were much more compact in comparison with pure systems, which contributed to the reduction of the repulsive force between same molecules. These findings indicated that the mixed NaOL/DDA surfactants had a great potential in application of mineral flotation.

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Aliwarga, Lienda, Herri Susanto, Reynard Reynard, and Agnes Veronica Victoria. "UNIFAC Model for Liquid-Liquid Phase Equilibrium of Penicillin G and 6-APA System." Jurnal Kimia Valensi 5, no. 2 (November 30, 2019): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v5i2.9869.

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This study investigated the effect of pH and type of solvent on liquid-liquid phase equilibrium in the system of pure penicillin G and mixed penicillin G with 6-APA. Penicillin G extraction was carried out in a pH range of 2.0–5.0 at 4 oC using several types of solvents. The liquid-liquid phase equilibrium mathematical model is prepared assuming that a single stage of thermodynamic equilibrium occurs in a batch process of liquid-liquid extraction. The coefficient of activity was calculated by the UNIFAC method. From the experiment, it was found that the extraction process of penicillin G was strongly influenced by pH of the solution. The highest yield of extraction was achieved with different solvents in the two types of solution. For pure penicillin G system, the highest yields was obtained in n-butyl acetate solvent (95.51%) while for penicillin G mixture with 6-APA, it was obtained in methyl iso-butyl ketone solvent (92.6%). The UNIFAC model have been tested against five three-component liquid-liquid phase equilibrium systems at pH 2.0 and 2.5. It was able to estimate the concentration of penicillin G in the organic phase with a relatively average error between experiment and calculation of 8.32%

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Mehta, Dhruvi R., Raviprakash S. Chandra, and M. M. Maisuria. "Thermodynamic Studies of Complexes of Amlodipine Besylate with Ni2+, Mg2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ cations in pure and in mixed binary solvent systems at 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15 K by Conductometric Method." International Journal of ChemTech Research 13, no. 1 (2020): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/ijctr.2019.130125.

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The present work relates to the complexation reaction between Amlodipine Besylate[AML] with Ni2+, Mg2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ cation in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), pure methanol (MeOH) and their binary mixtures(DMSO-MeOH and DMSO-Water) by conductometric method. The conductance data show that the stoichiometry of the complexes formed between AML with Ni2+, Mg2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ cation in pure DMSO, pure MeOHas well as in the binary solvent mixtures was 1:1. The stability of AML complexes with Ni2+ , Mg2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ metal ion was observed to be sensitive to the nature of the solvent system. In case of DMSO-Water binary solvent systems there was a linear change in LogKf values but in case of DMSO-MeOH binary solvent systems non linear change in LogKf values observed.The negative values of ΔG0 show that the reaction is spontaneous and ability of the AML ligand to form stable complexes. However, the result shows positive value of ΔH0 which indicates that enthalpy is not driving force for the formation of the complexes. Furthermore, the positive value of ΔS0 indicates that entropy is a driving force for the complexation. The values of ΔH0 and ΔS0 for formation of the complexes were obtained from temperature dependence of the stability constants.

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Li, Ke, Huiyu Yang, Lang Jiang, Xin Liu, Peng Lang, Bo Deng, Na Li, and Weilin Xu. "Glycerin/NaOH Aqueous Solution as a Green Solvent System for Dissolution of Cellulose." Polymers 12, no. 8 (August 3, 2020): 1735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081735.

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Dissolving cellulose in water-based green solvent systems is highly desired for further industrial applications. The green solvent glycerin—which contains hydrogen-bonding acceptors—was used together with NaOH and water to dissolve cellulose. This mixed aqueous solution of NaOH and glycerin was employed as the new green solvent system for three celluloses with different degree of polymerization. FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared), XRD (X-ray diffractometer) and TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) were used to characterize the difference between cellulose before and after regenerated by HCl. A UbbeloHde viscometer was used to measure the molecule weight of three different kinds of cellulose with the polymerization degree of 550, 600 and 1120. This solvent system is useful to dissolve cellulose with averaged molecule weight up to 2.08 × 105 g/mol.

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Дисертації з теми "Pure and Mixed industrial solvent system"

Barman, Biraj Kumar. "Investigation of diverse interactions and inclusion complexation in different environment by physicochemical methodology." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2622.

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Частини книг з теми "Pure and Mixed industrial solvent system"

"where K = kelvin. Because of the low temperature elevation in the low dose range, radiation calorimetry is limited in practice to the dose range above 3 kGy. This small temperature elevation is the gross result of the complex process of radiation interaction with matter. The individual steps of this process depend on the type of radiation used. Another type of physical dose meter, one that is used more and more in research and in industrial practice, is the alanine/electron spin resonance (ESR) system. Stable free radicals produced by irradiation in a concentration propor tional to the radiation dose in samples of pure, dry alanine are measured by ESR spectroscopy. The alanine is usually mixed 4:1 with paraffin (26) or 1:1 with polystyrene (27) of analytical grade quality. Reproducible dose response curves are obtained in the extremely wide dose range of 1 Gy to 100 kGy. In principal, any reproducible change caused by irradiation of a medium can be used to measure the absorbed radiation dose. In practice, only those changes can be evaluated which are stable for a reasonable length of time and which can be reliably measured by standard procedures such as titration or spectrophotometry. The chemical change is usually expressed as the G value, which is a measure of the number of atoms, molecules, or ions produced ( + G) or destroyed ( -G ) by 100 eV of absorbed energy. In the new SI system of units the G value is expressed as per J instead of per 100 eV. An important reference dose meter in food irradiation is the ferrous sulfate or Fricke dose meter. It is based on the radiation-induced oxidation of ferrous ions (Fe + ) to ferric ions (Fe + ) and consists of measuring the increased optical absorbance of the ferric ions at the absorption peak of 305 nm. For 60Co gamma rays the G value for ferric ion yield is 15.6 Fe3+ ions per 100 eV, or 9.74 X 1017 ions/J; the yield for electrons at a dose rate of 108 Gy/sec is 13.0. Fricke dosimetry is useful in the range 3 Gy. The upper limit can be extended into the kGy range by adding CuS04, which reduces the G value from 15.6 to 0.65. There are many other systems, such as the ethanol-chlorobenzene dose meter, which is based on the formation of hydrochloric acid from chlorobenzene. The hydrochloric acid can be measured by titration or by its effect on the dielectric constant. The useful dose range of this system is 1-400 Gy. In the low dose range, down to 5 Gy, radiochromic dye dosimetry can be used. When the colorless solution of pararosaniline cyanide in 2-methoxyethanol and glacial acetic acid is irradiated, an intense red color develops with an absorption maximum at 549 nm. More recently proposed methods belonging to the group of liquid dose meter systems are listed in Table 3. PMA (polymethyl methacrylate) dose meters belong to the group of solid phase dose meters. Irradiation of PMMA (e.g., Perspex) induces an absorption." In Safety of Irradiated Foods, 50. CRC Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482273168-39.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Pure and Mixed industrial solvent system"

Moëll, Daniel, Daniel Lörstad, and Xue-Song Bai. "LES of Hydrogen Enriched Methane/Air Combustion in the SGT-800 Burner at Real Engine Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76434.

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DLE (Dry Low Emission) techniques are widely used today to reduce the harmful NOx emissions associated with high combustion temperatures. In many DLE systems the fuel and air are pre-mixed which effectively keep the flame temperature as low as possible, ideally equal to the turbine inlet temperature. By using pre-mixing stability issues such as flash back and combustion driven dynamics may occur. Operating the engine with hydrogen diluted natural gas will decrease the flash back limits of the system due to the high diffusivity and highly reactive nature of hydrogen. In this study the stability effects of hydrogen diluted into methane in the Siemens SGT-800 combustor is studied. The SGT-800 combustor is an annular combustor where the flame is stabilized using a swirl burner combined with a sudden expansion combustor. The expansion gives rise to a vortex break down where the flame stabilizes in the local low speed zones. Here a single burner sector is studied using the flow solver Siemens PLM software STAR-CCM+. The turbulence is simulated through the use of LES (Large Eddy Simulation) where the largest energy carrying flow scales are resolved and only the smaller scales are modelled. The chemistry is coupled to the turbulent flow simulation by the use of FGM (Flamelet Generated Manifolds) which are integrated using presumed probability density functions. The FGM approach assumes that the local flame structure is laminar and that all species across a flame can be related to a set of control variables. The control variables in this case are the heat loss, the mixture fraction and its variance and a reaction progress variable. In this paper two effects are studied, first the transition from an atmospheric flame to a pressurized flame and second the effect of hydrogen enrichment. The flame shape and position are mainly affected by the transition from atmospheric to high pressure, where the power density increases by almost a factor of 20. The flame is moving further upstream closer to the burner in all pressurized cases. The hydrogen enrichment plays a strong role in how the combustion driven dynamics is coupling with the acoustics of the rig. The high pressure pure methane case show a strong pressure peak whereas the hydrogen enriched case dampens that peak and distributes the energy to other frequencies. This work shows that high fidelity CFD is capable of capturing complex flow and flame interactions such as thermoacoustic instabilities in industrial scale systems.

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Davood Abadi Farahani, Mohammad Hossein. "Organic solvent nanofiltration membrane for vegetable oil refining." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/srfh3809.

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Membrane separation technology has been receiving much attention for processing vegetable oils due to its potential advantages over conventional purification techniques. Based on the molecular weights and their interactions with the membrane, various solutes can be removed or purified using this technology. However, one of the major challenges is that the membrane has to be chemically inert to organic solvents such as hexane or acetone. Thus, many studies have been focused on developing chemically resistant membranes for specific industrial applications. Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) membranes is one of the potential energy efficient and sustainable separation processes that can drastically change the way solvents are recovered and free fatty acids (FFA) are removed in the vegetable oil industry. Seppure's patented GreenMem Series can process vegetable oil in acetone and hexane, achieving high product purity at relatively mild conditions (25 €“ 60°C, 10 €“ 30 bar). This results in up to 90% lower energy consumption and CO2e emissions as well as up to 30-50% lower operating costs compared to the conventional separation processes. GreenMem Series membranes show a high pure solvent flux of 30 €“ 40 LMH for acetone and hexane as well as high rejection towards oil molecules >95%. Moreover, 99% of FFA can be removed from a solvent/FFA mixture using multi-pass filtration system, which can be implemented in a unique membrane system to separate oil/FFA/solvent from each other. Moreover, GreenMem system can be implemented in both continuous and batch processes. Just like many other membrane technologies, its modularity makes it easy to be scaled up based on production capacity to augment existing processes. It is envisioned that OSN technology provides both positive economic and environmental impacts on the vegetable oil industry.

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Hagani, Fouad, M'hamed Boutaous, Ronnie Knikker, Shihe Xin, and Dennis Siginer. "Numerical Modeling of Non-Affine Viscoelastic Fluid Flow Including Viscous Dissipation Through a Square Cross-Section Duct: Heat Transfer Enhancement due to the Inertia and the Elastic Effects." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23558.

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Abstract Non-isothermal laminar flow of a viscoelastic fluid including viscous dissipation through a square cross–section duct is analyzed. Viscoelastic stresses are described by Giesekus modele orthe Phan-Thien–Tanner model and the solvent shear stress is given by the linear Newtonian constitutive relationship. The flow through the tube is governed by the conservation equations of energy, mass, momentum associated with to one non–affine rheological model mentioned above. The mixed type of the governing system of equations (elliptic–parabolic–hyperbolic) requires coupling between discretisation methods designed for elliptic–type equations and techniques adapted to transport equations. To allow appropriate spatial discretisation of the convection terms, the system is rewritten in a quasi-linear first-order and homogeneous form without the continuity and energy equations. With the rheological models of the Giesekus type, the conformation tensor is by definition symmetrical and positive-definite, with the PTT model the hyperbolicity condition is subject to restrictions related to the rheological parameters. Based on this hyperbolicity condition, the contribution of the hyperbolic part is approximated by applying the characteristic method to extract pure advection terms which are then discretized by high ordre schemes WENO and HOUC. The algorithm thus developed makes it possible, to avoid the problems of instabilities related to the high Weissenberg number without the use of any stabilization method. Finally, a Nusselt number analysis is given as a function of inertia, elasticity, viscous dissipation, for constant solvent viscosity ratio and constant material and rheological parameters.

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Sathyaruban, Sutharshiny, Shivatharsiny Yohi, and Sivashanthini Kuganathan. "Determination Of Proximate Composition And Crude Yeild Of Shrimp Shells(Peneaus Semisulcatus)." In 2nd International Conference on Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icrset.2019.11.777.

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The present study was carried out to determine the proximate composition of green tiger prawn and to select the suitable solvent system for carotenoid extraction. Samples (P. semisulcatus) were purchased from the landsites and transported to the laboratory in an ice box. The whole shrimp were peeled manually, and the residues, consisting head, tail and shells are separated. The moisture content, total lipid, protein, and ash content were quantified using standard methods. Weight of extracted crude of shrimp shells and retention factor (Rf) for the shrimp shell powder were determined using different pure and mixed organic solvents. Moisture content of the fresh shrimp shells was found to be 76.40 ± 0.92 %. In the present study, quantification showed that the shrimp shells are significantly rich in ash content (25.52 ± 0.06 % in dry weight). Significantly (p < 0.05) the highest crude yield of 10.24 ± 0.02 % was obtained from shrimp shells, when the dried shrimp shells powder was dissolved with the mixture of acetone and ethanol (1:1) than the other solvents. The lowest crude yield (2.32 ± 0.01 %) was extracted with ether. The highest Rf was obtained when the shrimp shell crude was dissolved with the mixture of acetone and ethanol (1:1). It can be recommended from our findings that the dried shrimp shells of Peneaus semisulcatus would be directly utilized for formulations of poultry animal feeds and sea cucumber juvenile feeds due to its high ash content. The mixture of the acetone and ethanol (1:1) would be the better choice for obtaining the highest crude yield from the shrimp shells.

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Shamshiri, S., and O. M. Isdahl. "Assessing the Viability of a Compact CO2-Capture Technology for Offshore Installations: Design, Development, and Pilot Scale Demonstration." In Offshore Technology Conference Brasil. OTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32703-ms.

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Abstract Assessing the Viability of a Compact CO2-capture Technology for Offshore Installations: Design, Development, and Pilot Scale Demonstration The purpose of the R&D project discussed in this paper is to assess the potential of a novel compact CO2-capture technology. The technology is founded on decades of experience in analogous processes, employing static mixing and separation. Flue gas or process streams containing CO2 is mixed with a solvent, in one or more stages. Effective co-current mixing of the phases is crucial to the technology's efficiency and a vital part of ensuring the technology's lightweight and compact advantage. The objective is accomplished via three significant steps, which include designing and constructing a complete pilot-scale unit, conducting experimental tests for two months, and developing a process model that explains the physical findings. The results from this study will be presented in this paper. The project is funded by CLIMIT-Demo and aligns with climate objectives by addressing the urgent need to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in the energy sector and aims to develop a novel, compact amine-based CO2 capture technology that can be applied in various settings, including onshore and offshore oil and gas installations for both flue gas, blue hydrogen, and other industrial process streams. The main goal at this stage is to verify the technology's absorption efficiency and assess its energy efficiency and viability. The development of lightweight and compact CO2-capture technology is especially critical in offshore oil and gas operations, where weight and space limitations present significant challenges. The pilot system encompasses the compact absorption module, desorption module, heat exchangers, pumps, control valves, and a control system. Additionally, this system is equipped with sensors and customization capabilities to assess CO2 concentrations in various locations, measure heat generated by the reaction between amine and CO2 and perform sensitivity analysis with respect to the orientation of mixers and residence time. The results will facilitate better understanding of both physics and chemistry of solvent-based CO2 capture. A comprehensive test matrix has been developed that will enable better understanding of the dynamic variations that occur during the treatment of process streams. This test matrix includes testing different pressures and concentrations of CO2, solvent and flue gas flowrate and solvent temperature to measure a variety of factors, including pressure drop measurements across the system, CO2 mass transfer efficiency, CO2 capture efficiency, and energy usage. Further, this data is used to create a process model that allows for the development of a predictive framework. This framework is then used to optimize the process parameters to achieve maximum performance and design considerations for scale up. This work is essential for advancing our understanding of Compact CO2-capture and mitigating our impact on the environment by commercializing CO2 capture for offshore installations.

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Mahmoud, Mohamed A., and Ahmed H. Al-Salman. "Determination of Dissolved BTEX in Glycol Dehydrators by Developing an In-House Technique." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-24545-ea.

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Abstract Tri-Ethylene Glycol (TEG) is the most widely used solvents for natural gas dehydration process in the Oil & Gas industry. However, TEG also has a capacity to absorb other species such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) that may be present in the processed gas at the dehydrator contactor conditions and then desorbed at regeneration conditions giving rise to atmosphere as off-gas in atmosphere regeneration system. BTEX and other volatile compounds and light components are released in the regeneration process together with water vapor as Off-gas. In an open regeneration system, the off-gas stream is vented to atmosphere where it becomes a source of emission of various constituents including BTEX. In this paper we will elaborate the study which was conducted to establish test method to quantify BTEX at one of the gas gathering facilities handling sweet associated gas. At initial stage, there was no a well-known methodology to enable determination of BTEX from the Rich and Lean TEG. Two novel test methods were developed to find the proper and accurate quantification technique to determine BTEX concentration in Rich and Lean Glycol samples using Gas Chromatography Mass spectroscopy (GC-EA) and unique sample extraction techniques, a) by using Purge and Trap technique for Mixed diluted sample with aid of methanol 1:1 ratio. B) by Direct injection after Liquid/Liquid extraction with ultra-pure n-Hexane solvent. Both techniques were applied using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy technique using DB-5MS capillary column (30 m in length, 0.32mm inner Diameter and 0.25 µm stationary phase film thickness). The obtained results of Toluene, Ethyl-Benzene and Xylene were matched by both sample injection techniques; however, Benzene recovered concentration was 25 % lower at the direct injection mode with liquid/liquid extraction, which is due to its high volatility and low boiling point. The data has been derived through comprehensive study for the BTEX concentration inlet and Outlet of the feed gas stream of the TEG Absorber and was matched with the mass balance and flow assurance analysis. The data analysis shows high values of emitted BTEX to atmosphere by 20-35% more than the accepted limits for all components, therefore a modification has been conducted to reconnect the off-gas with the production stream which will enhance the recovery of the gas and eliminate release of BTEX to atmosphere.

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Lugo, Afonso, Teemu Turunen-Saaresti, and Jonna Tiainen. "Effects of Supercritical CO2 Fluid Properties on Heat Exchanger Design." In ASME Turbo Expo 2023: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2023-101612.

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Abstract Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) in industrial applications is a promising solution for the reduction of equipment size and for the potential increasement of overall efficiency. The characteristics of CO2 near the critical point are advantageous for the heat transfer, with high specific heat capacity when compared to conventional liquid or gas coolants. Moreover, dopants can be mixed to CO2, in a blend, to further increase the heat transfer and elevate the critical point of the fluid. Under the framework of the Horizon 2020 DESOLINATION (DEmonstration of concentrated SOLar power coupled wIth advaNced desAlinaTion system in the gulf regION) project, a heat exchanger was designed using CO2 and blend as working fluids in an innovative power cycle bank of a concentrated solar power (CSP) plant coupled to a water desalination system. In this paper, the innovative heat exchanger is evaluated in terms of the geometry, focusing on heat transfer and turbulence, using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations with SST k-ω turbulence model and real-gas models with REFPROP library for thermodynamic and transport properties. Within each fluid, the diameter of the channels varied from 1.8–2.2 mm and the results are compared to analytical models. The geometry with 1.8 showed a larger pressure drop, but also larger overall heat transfer coefficient. It is observed that both pressure drop and heat transfer decrease with the diameter. Blend as the hot fluid resulted in higher average temperature and heat transfer coefficient, but in lower pressure drop than pure CO2. Nusselt number correlations were compared, showing the decrease of its values with the diameter for pure CO2, while for the blend it was observed higher values for 2.0 mm of diameter, except for Fang and Xu correlation that showed the same trend as the CO2.

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