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1
Kolesnikov, A. "PURCHASING POWER ASSESSMENT POPULATION." AIC: economics, management, no. 9 (2019): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33305/199-73.
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Pavlovskaya, Nadezhda Alekseevna. "Demographic situation and average purchasing power." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), no. 3 (February 27, 2022): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2203-07.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study of the patterns of demographic processes in the Russian Federation and the preservation of the people is of crucial importance for the further development of the country. Currently, the number of the indigenous population of Russia is decreasing. The article summarizes the research results of an outstanding scientist, specialist in the field of occupational medicine, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor. Velichkovsky B.T., who identified the regularities of the relationship of a number of economic and medical factors with the intensity of the population decline of the Russian Federation. Scientists have established a connection between the population decline and the value of its purchasing power, the availability of medical personnel, dustiness of the air, living conditions and other factors. It is shown that the most significant role in mortality is the value of the purchasing power of the population. The main diseases leading to an increase in mortality have been identified. The calculations of the author of the article showed that a close relationship between the purchasing power and the mortality rate of the population of the Russian Federation remains at the present time.
3
Salim, Ruhul, and Kamrul Hassan. "Does the relative population growth affect purchasing power parity?" Applied Economics Letters 16, no. 1 (January 20, 2009): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504850802616484.
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4
Petrova, Nadezhda. "CONSUMPTION AND PURCHASING POWER OF THE POPULATION OF BASIC FOOD PRODUCTS." Trakia Journal of Sciences 17, Suppl.1 (2019): 562–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2019.s.01.089.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The consumption and purchasing power of the population are key factors in the development of domestic production and sales and an important indicator of the standard of living of the population. The aim of the article is to investigate the development of the consumption and purchasing power of the population of basic food products. The methods used are systematic and comparative analysis; Method of statistical groupings, expert assessments, inductive and deductive methods for generalizing summaries.
5
Hassan, Kamrul, and Ruhul Salim. "The linkage between relative population growth and purchasing power parity." International Journal of Development Issues 10, no. 2 (July 4, 2011): 154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14468951111149096.
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6
Dong, Huijian, and Xiaomin Guo. "Population, Income, and Farmland Pricing in an Open Economy." International Journal of Financial Studies 8, no. 4 (October 28, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs8040067.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Farmland valuation models usually incorporate local purchasing power as one of the pricing factors. A plausible rationale is that a larger population and higher income per capita imply increasing demand for agricultural products and farmland. In this paper, we study the relationship between the agricultural land prices, the regional population, and income per capita in an open economy setting in nominal and real variable terms using data from 1929 to 2018 at the state level. We show that in most areas of the United States, agricultural land prices are less affected by the state population or personal income. The valuation of agricultural land should not factor in the local purchasing power factors, with a few exceptions.
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Wibowo, Ana Rahmawati, and Rifki Khoirudin. "ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS OF POOR POPULATION IN CENTRAL JAVA 2008-2017." Ekuilibrium : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Ilmu Ekonomi 14, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ekuilibrium.v14i1.1482.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the indicators socio-economic the success of development is a decrease in the number of poor people. Central Java is the province with the second largest number of poor people after East Java Province. This study aims to determine the effect of population growth rate, GDP per capita life expectancy (AHH), mean years of schooling (RLS) and purchasing power parity simultaneously and partially on the number of poor people in Central Java from 2008-2017. This study uses secondary data by using program Stata 14, the analysis technique used is multiple linear regression panel data. The results of the study showed that the population growth rate, GDP per capita, life expectancy (AHH), mean years of schooling (RLS) and purchasing power parity simultaneously have a significant effect on the number of poor people. Partially, population growth rate, life expectancy, and means years of schooling have a negative and significant influence on the number of poor people. While the GDP per capita and purchasing power parity do not have a significant effect on the number of poor people in Central Java. Various government policies and programs should continue to be rolled out to isolated areas so that increased income can be balanced with equitable development.
8
Stanciu, Mariana, and Adina Mihăilescu. "Purchasing Power of the Low Income Population from Romania During the Crisis." Procedia Economics and Finance 8 (2014): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(14)00115-4.
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Carrillo, Miriam, Alicia Gonzalez-Sparks, and Nestor U. Salcedo. "Social power of preadolescent children on influence in their mothers’ purchasing behavior." Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science 23, no. 45 (August 6, 2018): 150–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jefas-01-2018-0018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose This paper aims to investigate the relationship between legitimate and expert social power types of preadolescent children on the influence perception in their mothers’ purchasing behavior in Peruvian toy stores. The literature review takes into consideration the concepts of social power and the influence on family behavior to then focus on social power within family behavior with the purpose of mainly developing four hypotheses regarding purchasing behavior. Design/methodology/approach The methodology followed a non-experimental transversal correlational-causal design. A pilot sample size of 67 cases was used. The sample was based on an objective population of Peruvian mothers of families that live in northern Lima and that go to purchase toys to major shopping centers with their children aged 8-11 years. Findings The results show that the expert social power, as well as the legitimate social power, has a strong relationship. In addition, both social powers have an impact on the influence perception in purchasing child-mother, but not on the influence perception in purchasing mother-child. Moreover, the test of moderation of the expenditure level on toy purchases did not have an effect on the context that was studied. Originality/value The contribution shows that important changes are happening in the consumption behavior on the aspect of children influencing mothers, and that for Latin American contexts, the level of expenditure still does not crucially affect the causality demonstrated.
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Abdiannur, Abdiannur, and Sukimin Sukimin. "CELEBRITY ENDORSER (BINTANG IKLAN) SEBAGAI KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MEMBELI OLI FASTRON DI KOTA BALIKPAPAN." Jurnal GeoEkonomi 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36277/geoekonomi.v10i1.49.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Celebrity Endorser (visibility, credibility, attractiveness and power) towards the decision to buy fastron oil in Balikpapan City. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression. The population in this research is all the use of fastron oil in Balikpapan City and the sample used is 100 respondents using purposive sampling technique. The results showed that the celebrity endorser variables (visibility, credibility, attractiveness, and power) simultaneously associated with Fastron oil purchasing decisions and partial variable visibility had a positive and significant effect, positive and significant credibility, positive and significant attractiveness and positive questionable power and significant to purchasing decisions and power variables are variables that have a dominant influence.
11
Aganbegyan, Abel. "How to restore the safety of the people of Russia." Population 24, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.2.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For every nation, preservation of the people is the most important thing. For Russia this life-affirming task is as important as for no other power due to its specific features. We are talking about the key geopolitical task of our country, since Russia has 17% of the Earth's land. At the same time, Russia's share in the world economy at purchasing power parity is 3.1%, and the population of Russia today makes only 1.9% of the world's population. And a further reduction in the country's share of the world population is highly undesirable. To stop the decline in the population by 2025, and then begin a gradual recovery of its size, three main measures are needed. The first and most significant is reduction in mortality, which in Russia on average with the account of the age structure, is 30-40% higher than in developed countries and 20% higher than in post-socialist countries. The main thing here is to reduce mortality in working age, from cardiovascular diseases and external causes. The second most important thing is to ensure migration growth to Russia up to 250 thousand people per year. The third is to increase the total fertility rate from 1.5 in 2019 to 1.75-1.8 by 2030. It is impossible to improve the demographic indicators and restore the safety of the people in the conditions of crisis and stagnation. But it is impossible to move to socio-economic growth without raising income and consumption of the population. The main condition for preservation of the people is resumption of the socio-economic growth by 3-4% per year that will ensure growth in the real income of the population and final consumption of households, assistance to families with children in order to overcome poverty and, ultimately, an increase in the birth rate.
12
Buchta, S., and Z. Štulrajter. "Marginalised groups of rural population." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 54, No. 12 (December 18, 2008): 566–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/285-agricecon.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper deals with the analysis of the typology of unemployed people in agriculture. Approximately 35–40% of people from this unemployment group have already no more chance to be reintegrated into the labour market. The analysis points to out the regional occurrence of this type of unemployment (less urbanised sub-mountain areas, stagnating and backward regions facing various processes of de-industrialisation, etc) and evaluates its wider socio-economic impacts. After 2000, the fragmentation of employment contracts in the corporative types of farms (agricultural co-operatives and companies) begins to appear in the agricultural sector. The category of seasonal agricultural workers with decreased labour and social protection begins to emerge as well. As a result of the strategy to cope with the situation, a certain self-supplying (subsistence farming) subculture was established in the Slovak rural areas to mitigate the difficult economic conditions of the rural households endangered by income deprivation, including the decreased purchasing power of rural population.
13
Tampubolon, Monalisa, Miftahul Jannah, Rinaldi Gultom, and Hendra Jonathan Sibarani. "Pengaruh Sistem Pelayanan, Ketepatan Waktu dan Daya Beli Masyarakat terhadap Loyalitas Menggunakan Jasa Transportasi Bus pada PT. Atlas." Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) 3, no. 2 (December 2, 2020): 566–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v3i2.363.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study was conducted to determine the effect of service system, timeliness and power of buying community against to loyalty using bus transportation services in PT. Atlas. The method used in this study uses a quantitative approach and uses explanatory research characteristics. Based on the population in this study, the customer for the ticket purchasing service was 778 people. The sampling technique used the Slovin formula as many as 89 people used in this study. Based on the results obtained from this study using partially obtained the value of the service system has a tcount of 6,106> 1,988, punctuality has a tcount of 1,299 <ttable 1,988, while purchasing power has a tcount of 0.043 <ttable 1.988 which means punctuality and purchasing power has no positive and significant effect on service user loyalty at PT. ATLAS Medan, while simultaneously the value of Fcount is (13.451)> Ftable of (3.10) with a sig value of 0.000 <0.05, which means that the service system, timeliness and purchasing power of the community have a positive and significant effect on the loyalty of transportation service users.
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Suieubayeva, S. N., M. V. Kozlova, and A. M. Kabdulsharipova. "The assessment of purchasing powerof Kazakhstan population in the food and drink market." Bulletin of "Turan" University, no. 3 (October 4, 2020): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2020-1-3-89-96.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Food consumption indicators include one of the most important features of the population's quality of life are included in the system of generalizing indicators of socio-economic development of the country and are an integral basis of human life. The quality and structure of food products consumed affect the health of the country's population, determining its economic and food security. The article analyzes the food market of the Republic of Kazakhstan, examines the main trends in its development. A comparison of changes in the price level and real wages is made, and as a result, it is concluded that the price growth indicators exceed the increase in average incomes of the population. Dependence on imports of a large list of food products, the depreciation of tenge against the US dollar, while prices increased, led to a decrease in the purchasing power of the population over the period 2015-2019. In conclusion, the importance of public policies for achieving an optimal level of food balance is emphasized. It is important to implement a policy of stimulating the production of domestic analogues of foreign goods, opening processing enterprises, and developing innovative technologies. To increase the economic availability of food, it is important to take measures aimed at increasing the production of food raw materials and food products within the country. The growth of market offers will lead to stabilization and reduction of prices for them, therefore, to an increase in the purchasing power of the population.
15
Ayenew, Melak Mesfin. "The Dynamics of Food Insecurity in Ethiopia." International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 4, no. 4 (October 2015): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2015100102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper assesses the dynamics of food insecurity in Ethiopia and tests policy options and scenarios that could alleviate the problem in the future. The study assess food security based on the pillars; food availability, access to food and stability. A System Dynamics model is designed which integrate population, market and food production sectors and is used to analyze past and future developments. Model results show that both the food supplies and the purchasing power of the population were insufficient for ensuring the required daily calorie intake of the population. Land degradation contributed considerably to the poor average productivity of the land. Policy analyses show that policy options such as land rehabilitation and capacity building for skilled use of agricultural land, and inputs need to be combined carefully to account for their different implementation times. Scenarios on average rainfall and food expenditure show that the food production and the purchasing power of the population are considerably influenced by erratic rainfall and economic growth respectively.
16
Litvinenko, Ekaterina. "Evaluation of innovative development of housing construction in the partition of federal districts." Moscow University Economics Bulletin, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 199–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105202129.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the study is to assess the innovative potential of housing construction through determining the purchasing power of citizens acquiring housing in the property. In terms of hypothesis the study offers the term of acquiring housing in property as a criterion for this assessment. This indicator displays the change in the purchasing power of citizens under the influence of various externalities. The analysis of this indicator allows us to determine the influence of these factors on the change in the purchasing power of population, to identify the reserves that contribute to its increase, and to identify the policies aimed at innovative development of construction industry. The article assesses the innovative development of housing through an in-depth analysis of factors affecting the change in the term of housing acquisition in the Russian Federation at large, as well as in the context of individual subjects of the Central and North-Western Federal Districts of Russia in the period from 2017 to 2018.
17
Khmelyuk, Alona. "PURCHASING CAPACITY OF A PERSON WHO GETS CHILDBIRTH AND SOCIAL CARE BENEFIT." Economic Analysis, no. 27(3) (2017): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2017.03.105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The normative and legal aspects of social standards in Ukraine are considered. It has been established that the size of social benefit in Ukraine does not ensure the established living wage and cannot promote the social rights and state social guarantees of citizens envisaged by the Constitution of Ukraine. The analysis of the basic social and-economic indicators of the standard of living of the population of Ukraine made it possible to distinguish its main trends. The emphasis is on reducing the standard of living of the population of Ukraine and increasing the poverty and poverty rate of the population as a consequence of depopulation of the population, reducing birth rates. The main priorities of the state policy that contribute to raising the level of fertility and poverty reduction in Ukraine are highlighted. The questionnaire of households was conducted. Its selectivity is formed on the basis of the presence of a child under three years of age. The purchasing power of social assistance has been investigated in three stages. At the first stage a questionnaire form was developed and a sample questionnaire was conducted. In a sample of 60 respondents, the mandatory condition was the presence of children under the age of 3. At the second stage of the study, it was found out that one of the main problems in baby caring of a child under the age of 3is lack of funds and, as a consequence, a low level of purchasing power of a person who gets social assistance. Purpose. The aim of the article is to develop the algorithm for calculation the purchasing power of social assistance at the childbirth and social care. Method (methodology). Method of system analysis, method of causal analysis, observation method (questionnaire), dynamic series method, index method, tabular and graphical methods have been used in the article and have become the basis of this research. Results. The algorithm of calculation of the purchasing power of social benefit at the childbirth and care has been developed developed. The actual household expenses with one child have been calculated for the first time. The effectiveness of social benefit as a factor for overcoming poverty in Ukraine and improving the living standards of the population has been assessed.
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HASSAN, A. F. M. KAMRUL, and RUHUL SALIM. "DOES THE BALASSA–SAMUELSON THEORY EXPLAIN THE LINK BETWEEN RELATIVE POPULATION GROWTH AND PURCHASING POWER PARITY?" Singapore Economic Review 58, no. 01 (March 2013): 1350007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590813500070.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Relative population growth affects relative prices through the so-called Balassa–Samuelson (BS) mechanism and that in turn impacts PPP. This paper empirically investigates the relationship between the PPP exchange rate and relative population growth in a panel of 80 selected countries. Following the BS hypothesis, this paper argues that relative population growth affects nominal wages that impact price levels and thereby impacts PPP. Using panel cointegration and fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), the empirical results show that there is a stable relationship between PPP exchange rate and relative population growth in the long run. These empirical findings suggest that population growth have an important role in exchange rate determination through PPP.
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Ortiz-Prado, Esteban, Jorge Ponce, Fernando Cornejo-Leon, Anna M. Stewart-Ibarra, Rodrigo Henríquez Trujillo, Estefanía Espín, and Darío Ramírez. "Analysis of Health and Drug Access Associated with the Purchasing Power of the Ecuadorian Population." Global Journal of Health Science 9, no. 1 (May 19, 2016): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n1p201.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a relationship between access to health systems and out-of-pocket spending with socio demographic characteristics in Ecuador.METHODS: Retrospective analysis of national level data on household medical expenditure from the National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure in Urban and Rural Houses conducted by the Ecuadorian National Institute of Statistics and Census Databases as well as other scientific, institutional, technical-administrative datasets.RESULTS: Families in the lowest percentile of poverty spend proportionally more out-of-pocket on pharmaceutical drugs than wealthier families. Furthermore, the lowest income deciles have no access to private health coverage. Populations from the bigger cities have more access to health care services than smaller rural cities. In Ecuador, 71% of pharmaceutical products are imported and 8% of the total of drugs are generic.CONCLUSIONS: Despite efforts by the current government, health access remains uneven, as indicated by drug access and out-of-pocket expenses per family. Poorer families have higher relative health expenditures for drugs than families with higher incomes, although poorer families have no access to private insurances.
20
Sagita, Fitri, Ayu W. Tanjung, Heldia Fitri, Rizky Wahyudi, and Reni Ria Armayani Hasibuan. "Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen terhadap Parfume Isi Ulang di Toko Galery Parfume." El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam 3, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/elmal.v3i3.891.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The growing perfume business is driven by the dynamic level of needs and tastes of the community, currently perfume is a necessity that is being sought by the community in maintaining a level of self-confidence so that it encourages perfume shop owners to continue to innovate and think of sales tricks in the right way to survive in market competition. . This study took the consumer population of the Galerie Parfume Shop, which amounted to 742 consumers. The sample of this study amounted to 88 people consisting of teenagers to the elderly. The type of study used is qualitative using data collection techniques in the form of interviews, documentation and literature studies. This study aims to see what makes consumers buy perfume at the Galeri Parfume shop. The results of this study indicate that product quality, consumer purchasing power, and the existence of a member system greatly influence consumer decisions to buy perfume.
Keywords: Product quality, consumer purchasing power, purchasing decisions
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Shebanina, Olena, Alyona Klyuchnik, Alla Burkovska, Donatello Caruso, and Anna Burkovska. "PROVIDING LABOR INCOME AS A SUPPORTING FACTOR OF THE FOOD SECURITY." Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development 40, no. 4 (December 21, 2018): 599–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/mts.2018.52.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The lack of comprehensive provision of a sufficient level of economic affordability of food in conditions of social instability and low level of solvency of the population of Ukraine constitutes a threat to the food security of the state. The purpose of the article is to formulate the relationship between the economic affordability of food and the average monthly wage in the country, as well as arrears in its payment. The methodic of work is based on the usage of a correlation-regression analysis of the statistical information that reflects the structure of total household income in Ukraine, which made it possible to calculate the degree of influence of factors of the correlation model on the availability of food for the population. The results of the study indicate a significant stratification of the population in terms of purchasing power. The degree of dependence between the economic availability of food and the average monthly salary in the country, as well as the amount of arrears in its payment, which confirms the need for the government to create a sustainable system of social standards for the population, providing an adequate level of purchasing power, is established.
22
Zainutdinov, Sh, Z. Ashurov, and R. Nurimbenov. "Growth Factors: Living Standards." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 4 (April 15, 2020): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/53/31.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In all countries of the world, the standard of living of the population remains the most acute economic problem. This paper discusses the issues and factors of improving the living standards of the population, it highlights the issues of demography, population growth, consumption growth, resource endowment, consumer baskets, consumer ability and purchasing power of the population, what is expected for a standard of living in the long term — for the millennium, the approaches to this issue of the UN and leading international organizations.
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Karima, Muhammad Iqbal, and Dipa Mulia. "Factors affecting online coffee purchases in the Covid-19 pandemic era: consumer case study at Jotey Coffee Shop." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 11 (August 31, 2021): e279101119543. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19543.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research in journal aim for analyze the factors that influence the purchase of coffee online in the era of the Covid 19 pandemic at the Jotey Coffee Shop. This research uses methodde quantitative. The population in this study are online buyers, especially Jotey coffee at the Jotey Coffee Shop, East Bekasi with a sample size of240 consumers Kedai Jotey, where the sample uses the Hair method. Test the hypothesis proposed in this study done with tool test analysis regression and hypothesis partial and simultaneous by using software Smartpls 3.2.9. Results analysis show that: 1) Communication a positive and significant effect on online coffee purchasing decisions, 2) Process has a positive and significant effect on online coffee purchasing decisions, 3) Price has a negative and significant effect on online coffee purchasing decisions, 4) Product has a positive and significant effect on online purchasing decisions contemporary coffee, 5) Character has a positive and significant effect on online purchasing decisions for contemporary coffee, and 6) Risk does not have a positive and significant effect on online purchasing decisions for contemporary coffee at the Jotey Coffee Shop.
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Mamyachenkov, Vladimir N. "Soviet Citizens’ Wages and Their Purchasing Power in 1940–1955 (Sverdlovsk Region)." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no. 5 (October 10, 2020): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2227-6564-v045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Material living conditions of the Soviet population during World War II and in the postwar years have been studied by a large number of scholars. At the same time, few publications deal with wages as a socio-economic category. This article aimed to examine the level, dynamics, and purchasing power of Soviet citizens’ wages in 1940–1950, taking the Sverdlovsk Region as an example. The chosen topic is relevant, since payment for work is, in the majority of cases, the most important incentive to human activity. The period under consideration was extremely eventful for the Soviet Union, encompassing the Great Patriotic War and the postwar reconstruction. From 1940 up to the early 1960s, the number of scholarly publications on the problematic aspects of wages was rather limited. Importantly, this paper claims that the analysis of wages is unproductive without taking into account the specifics of the realities of Soviet everyday life, which affected consumption figures. It is noted that during the war, the state ration prices remained practically unchanged, while commercial prices rose more than tenfold, which made the goods virtually inaccessible to the vast majority of consumers. The author concludes that the prewar level of consumption for most citizens of the USSR was achieved by the early 1950s.
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Tolmachev, M. N., N. G. Barashov, A. V. Latkov, and V. A. Markov. "Interregional Inequality of Population Incomes: Problems of Methodology and Estimation in the Russian Federation." SHS Web of Conferences 62 (2019): 09003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196209003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Currently, the priority of the Russian Federation socio-economic development is to achieve sustainable economic growth. A significant obstacle to the achievement of this goal is the unevenness and disproportionality in the socio-economic development of the Russian regions. This circumstance makes the problem of an objective and adequate assessment of Russian regions the interregional differentiation particularly relevant. The study notes that the nominal monetary income of the population does not take into account regional differences in price level. This work discusses methodological approaches of reliable determination, advantages of weighted and unweighted estimates in the interregional inequality, special attention is paid to weighing the average per capita indicators of the subject of the Russia for the proportion of the region’s population in the country’s population. To assess the purchasing power of the population at the regional level, the authors propose to use a modified cost of living index. As a result of the study, the dynamics of the variation coefficient of the average per capita monetary incomes of the population and adjusted for the modified cost-of-living index were determined, on the basis of which the regions of Russia were divided into three groups. The efficiency of the transition to the analysis of incomes comparable in purchasing power, as comparison of weighted and unweighted variation coefficients, has been proved. The trend towards smoothing interregional inequality, which is caused by the accelerated growth of real incomes of the population in the low-income group of Russian regions.
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Alarcon, Jorge A., and Juan Rivera. "The impact of changes in purchasing power on food consumption of an urban population in Guatemala City." Ecology of Food and Nutrition 31, no. 3-4 (March 1994): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03670244.1994.9991359.
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Khmelyuk, Alona. "STATISTICAL ESTIMATION OF BUYING CAPACITY OF SOCIAL STANDARDS IN UKRAINE." Economic Analysis, no. 28(3) (2018): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.03.116.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The preconditions of formation of a socially oriented economy are considered. It is established that the Constitution of Ukraine guarantees citizens the right to social protection. The Law of Ukraine "On State Social Standards and State Social Guarantees" defines legal principles for the formation and application of state social standards and norms. It is noted that the social policy of the state by legislative acts defines such social guarantees as minimum wages, incomes, pensions, social assistance, size of other types of social benefits, which ensure a standard of living not lower than the subsistence minimum. The apriority analysis of dynamic changes of the amount of social guarantees by type has been carried out. It has found out that the use exceptionally of absolute indicators to estimate the standard of living of the population is inappropriate. It is noted that an increase in the dynamics of consumption and income of the population can testify only to the influence of inflationary processes. The algorithm for calculating the purchasing power of social standards and social guarantees in Ukraine has been worked out on the basis of statistical data concerning social indicators of living standards of the population and indicators of the dynamics of price monitoring for socially meaningful goods. It has been established that social payments provide only one-third of total household expenses, while the state's social policy is not aimed at overcoming the poverty and poverty of the Ukrainian population. Purpose. The article aims to analyse the regulatory framework for regulation and size of social standards and statistical analysis of their level in Ukraine, and develop an algorithm for calculating the purchasing power of social benefits: social assistance at birth and child care, pensions and unemployment benefits. Method (methodology). Method of system analysis, methods of causal analysis, index method, table and graphical methods, dynamic series have been used in this research. Results. Theoretical generalization and practical recommendations development of the optimal size of social standards by calculating the actual costs of a household with one child and the purchasing power index of social standards have become the results of the research.
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Rahma, Anisa Nurul. "INFLUENCE OF ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH ON E-COMMERCE CUSTOMER DECISION PROCESS IN INDONESIA." JSSH (Jurnal Sains Sosial dan Humaniora) 4, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/jssh.v4i2.9025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
E-commerce is a new concept that can be used as a process of buying and selling goods or services on the Word Wide Web Internet. This research aims to identify and analyse how much the influence of electronic word of mouth on purchasing decision process on e-commerce customers in Indonesia. This research uses one free variable independent electronic word of mouth and one bound variable dependent purchasing decision process. This research uses quantitative research methods using purposive sampling techniques. Samples taken as much as 100 respondents. Data collection techniques using questionnaires. The population in this research is the people of Jakarta who have used five top e-commerce in Indonesia (Tokopedia, Shopee, Bukalapak, Lazada, Blibli). Data analysis techniques use descriptive statistical analysis techniques and non-parametic analysis of simple linear regression analyses. The results showed that there was a significant influence between electronic word of mouth on purchasing decision process for e-commerce customers in Indonesia of 56 percent, while the remaining 44 percent were influenced by factors Other.
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Fahlefi, Diva RIza, and Ariyani Indriastuti. "PENGARUH KESADARAN MERK, PERSEPSI KUALITAS, DAN LOYALITAS MERK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN HANDPHONE VIVO PADA ANGKASA CELL DI KABUPATEN BLORA." JURNAL STIE SEMARANG 11, no. 1 (February 22, 2019): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33747/stiesmg.v11i1.337.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increasing level of competition for companies has resulted in companies competing to win consumers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of brand awareness, perceived quality and brand loyalty on Mobile Vivo Purchase Decisions in Angkasa Cell Store in Blora Regency. The population in this study is all customers or consumers who used or made mobile phone purchasing decisions in Angkasa Cell Store in Blora Regency which amounts to 154 customers. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling to obtain 63 respondents. The method of data analysis uses multiple linear regression. The results of the study show that the brand awareness variable obtains a tcount of 3.958> ttable 1.66) with a significance of 0,000 means brand awareness has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions. The perceived quality variable with a tcount (3.694)> t table (1.66) with a significance of 0,000 means that the perception of quality has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions. Brand loyalty variable with a value of tcount (3,438)> t table (1.66) with a significance of 0.001, means that brand loyalty has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions. In order for the consumer confidence of Vivo mobile phone in Angkasa Cell Store in Kabupaten Blora can be stronger and increase purchasing power, it is recommended to increase brand awareness through promotion.
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Евгения Базинян. "ПОСТРОЕНИЕ ШКАЛ ЭКВИВАЛЕНТНОСТИ ДЛЯ ОТДЕЛЬНЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНЫХ ЕДИНИЦ АРМЕНИИ". International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Economy, № 1(21) (31 січня 2019): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ijite/31012019/6333.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An important indicator of the welfare and living standards of the population is the level of the poor population in the given country. As practice shows, in economically developed countries the policy in the population income sphere is one of the key elements of economic management. In countries with transforming economies such as Armenia, the problem of population income regulation is extremely topical. In resolving many of social policy issues the need to compare the living standards of families with different structures arises. The work is devoted to the construction of equivalence scales which take into account the actual purchasing power differences of similar incomes in different size households.
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Hasibullah, Nurul Arfiah, Mursalim Mursalim, and Muhammad Su'un. "Analisis Pengaruh PPn, PPnBM, dan PKB dengan Tarif Progresif Terhadap Daya Beli Konsumen Kendaraan Bermotor Roda Empat Di Makassar." Journal of Accounting and Finance (JAF) 1, no. 1 (July 9, 2020): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.52103/jaf.v1i1.119.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pajak adalah kewajiban yang harus dibayar oleh masyarakat pada pemerintah untuk kegiatan pembangunan di segala bidang, Pajak dapat dikatakan keharusan atau kewajiban yang dibayar oleh masyarakat pribadi maupund badan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh pengenaan pajak pertambahan nilai, pajak penjualan atas barang mewah dan Pajak kendaraan bermotor tarif progresif terhadap daya beli konsumen. Populasi penelitian ini adalah konsumen kendaraan bermotor roda empat yang ditemui di kantor Badan Pendapatan Daerah Sulawesi Selatan,Pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari kuesioner dengan menggunakan sample Slovin,Teknik analisis data yakni analisis regresi linier berganda.Hasil peneltian yaitu pengenaan PPN tidak berpengaruh terhadap daya beli konsumen, PPnBM mempunyai pengaruh positif signifikan, serta PKB tarif progresif berpengaruh positif pada daya beli konsumen kendaraan bermotor roda empat.
Taxes are obligations that must be paid by the public to the government for development activities in all fields. Taxes can be said to be imperatives or obligations paid by private and maupund bodies of society. This study aims to analyze the effect of the imposition of value added tax, sales tax on luxury goods and progressive motor vehicle tax on consumer purchasing power. The population of this study is four-wheeled motor vehicle consumers found in the office of the South Sulawesi Regional Revenue Agency. Collecting data using primary data obtained from a questionnaire using the Slovin sample, the data analysis technique is multiple linear regression analysis. consumer purchasing power, PPnBM has a significant positive effect, and PKB progressive tariffs have a positive effect on the purchasing power of consumers of four-wheeled vehicles.
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Dodonov, V. Yu. "Deficiency of Mutual Trade between Kazakhstan and the EAEU Countries: Trends and Dominant Factors." EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 14, no. 4 (January 27, 2021): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2020-4-29-41.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article analyzes trends and factors in the dynamics of Kazakhstan’s mutual trade within the EAEU with an emphasis on imports and trade deficits. The aim is to identify the relationship between changes in the absolute and relative values of these parameters and the country’s membership in Eurasian integration organizations and with more general external factors. To achieve the aim, the volume, dynamics and share of imports and trade deficits are analyzed in the context of changes in the purchasing power of the population, world oil prices and volumes of Kazakhstan’s foreign trade with the rest of the world. Research methods: comparative analysis of time series, structural and correlation analysis. As a result of the analysis, a tendency was revealed for an increase in the imbalances in mutual trade of Kazakhstan during the EAEU existence, which, however, are far from historical highs, which does not allow us to conclude that there is a causal relationship between the country’s membership in this association and the aggravation of problems in mutual trade. On the other hand, it was revealed that significant shifts in the share of imports from the EAEU countries to Kazakhstan and the resulting changes in the trade deficit occurred during periods of significant shifts in the purchasing power of the population and are inversely proportional. The analysis made it possible to draw the following conclusions: the relative indicators of imports and trade deficits do not show growth after the creation of the EAEU; the main factor in the change in the share of imports to Kazakhstan from the EAEU is the dynamics of the currency equivalent of household income — the increase in the share of imports from the EAEU occurs during periods of decline in household income, and its decline during periods of their growth; the currency equivalent of income in Kazakhstan is closely correlated with world oil prices, that is, the dependence of the parameters of imports from the EAEU and the trade deficit is due to a more general factor in the external economic situation that affects the purchasing power of the population and business.
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Utomo, Susilo, Joko Sutrisno, Gairah Sinulingga, and Anugerah Dachi. "Achieving MSMEs business performances by innovation and value chain through competitive advantages." Linguistics and Culture Review 6 (January 15, 2022): 674–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v6ns1.2112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on data from CNBC Indonesia (2019) the fashion industry has recently become a lucrative industry in Indonesia because its growth always increasing, opposite to that the product fashion made by SMEs in Indonesia is experiencing a trend of decreasing demand in its business, the number of competing products from developed countries whose prices are lower and more trendy in terms of function and appearance makes consumers prefer mass-produced products, one proof is the fashion center in the city of Bandung that been decreasing in demand for last three year, declining in public purchasing power is one of the causes of MSME products experiencing a decrease in demand, it is felt by most MSME entrepreneurs starting in 2016 until now. This is consistent with the results of research from BPS that in the year 2017 40% of the population is under pressure or crisis and ensures low purchasing power, innovation strategies, and product value are needed to be able to compete with cheap but high-quality products in the market in order to remain competitive in the market.
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Hakim, Lukmanul, and Bambang Setiyo Pambudi. "Pengaruh Promosi Online Dan Word Of Mouth Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen (Studi Pada Ud. Bintang Sembilan)." Competence : Journal of Management Studies 15, no. 2 (November 21, 2021): 204–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/kompetensi.v15i2.12517.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh promosi online dan word of mouth terhadap keputusan pembelian pada UD Bintang Sembilan. Bintang Sembilan sebagian atau bersamaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yaitu data yang diperoleh langsung dari konsumen UD. Bintang Sembilan Bintang Sembilan. Sampel menggunakan teknik non-probability sampling yaitu incidental sampling, dengan jumlah sampel 100 responden. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan angket dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan secara parsial promosi online berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian dan word of mouth secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Secara simultan kedua variabel yaitu promosi online dan word of mouth berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian Purpose of this study was to determine the effect of online promotion and word of mouth on purchasing decisions at UD Bintang Sembilan. The Nine Star partially or simultaneously. This study uses primary data, namely data obtained directly from consumers of UD. Bintang Sembilan Nine Star. The population of this research is consumers of UD. Bintang Sembilan using a non-probability sampling technique, namely incidental sampling, with a sample size of 100 respondents. The research instrument used a questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with t test (partial) and f test (simultaneous).The results of this study indicate partially online promotion has a significant effect on purchasing decisions and for word of mouth partially has a significant effect on purchasing decisions. Simultaneously, the two variables, namely online promotion and word of mouth, have a significant effect on purchasing decisions.
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Patnaik, Utsa. "Imperialism, Resources and Food Security, with reference to the Indian Experience." Human Geography 1, no. 1 (March 2008): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277860800100101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper analyzes the reasons for declining incomes and nutritional standards of agriculture-dependent populations of developing countries under recent neoliberal economic reforms by taking up the case of India. Located mainly in tropical areas, developing countries can produce a qualitatively different primary output vector with a much larger range of products compared to cold temperate regions comprising today's advanced countries. This fact underlies the author's critique of Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage leading to mutual benefit from trade, which is shown to be based on a material fallacy since it assumes that both countries entering into trade can produce both goods, something that is factually untrue. Past demands by Northern countries on limited tropical lands under colonial plantation systems for expanding exports, always led to declining food grains availability for local populations. The same outcome is seen at present in countries opening up to trade, when these demands from advanced countries on tropical lands have increased manifold and encompass a range of perishable products whose rapid expansion for export entails a decline of foodgrains output and energy intake per head of the agriculture-dependent population. The past mechanism for releasing the land and resources required for an export thrust was heavy taxation by the colonial state reducing the purchasing power of local populations, and use of taxes to purchase export goods from them. The present mechanism relies on expenditure-deflating policies by the national state following the advice of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. These policies raise unemployment levels and reduce the purchasing power of the agriculture-dependent population, which leads to a decline in their foodgrains absorption and energy intake. The official and World Bank claims of decline in poverty in India are shown to be untenable since the original nutrition norms for estimating poverty lines, have been abandoned, and the method actually followed using a fixed, over three decade old consumption basket, results in gross underestimation of poverty. Correctly measured poverty on the contrary, shows a markedly rising trend over the economic reforms period.
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Latypov, Alisher, Vladimir Magkoev, Mutabara Vohidova, and Zulfia Nisanbaeva. "Mental health services in Tajikistan." International Psychiatry 4, no. 3 (July 2007): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600001946.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tajikistan, in Central Asia, gained its independence in 1991, with the break-up of the Soviet Union. There followed a period of civil war, 1992–97. In 2003, 64% of Tajikistan's population was poor, which was defined as living on less than US$2.15 per day at purchasing power parity by the UN Appeal for Tajikistan (2006). The Tajik healthcare budget appropriations decreased from 4.5% of gross domestic product in 1991 to 1.3% in 2005. The average annual rate of population growth is 2.19%. The estimated 7 320815 population of the country is mainly rural (73.5%) and about 38% of the country's population is under the age of 14. Life expectancy at birth is 62 years for males and 68 years for females. The infant mortality rate is 106.49 deaths per 1000 live births.
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Sari, Rizka Ambar, and Ari Susanti. "ANALISIS KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN : FENOMENA MASKER DAN VITAMIN DI MASA PANDEMI." Journal of Management Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) 15, no. 1 (March 9, 2022): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/jom.v15i1.6552.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic caused significant changes to the operation of a company. In addition, with government regulations to carry out activities inside the house and limit contact with the outside environment, it causes panic buying by the public. This is an attraction for business actors in seeing business opportunities selling vitamin and mask products. This study focuses on the analysis of purchasing decisions for masks and vitamins by paying attention to the current phenomena, namely the importance of price, panic buying and service convenience that affect purchasing decisions. The population in this study was 150 responses from PT Sanbe Farma employees who were carried out by filling out online questionnaires via google form. Furthermore, statistical tests were carried out to determine the relationship between prices, the emergence of panic buying attitudes and service convenience during the pandemic. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between panic buying, price and service convenience on purchasing decisions. On the second variable test, the price has a significant effect on purchasing decisions. in this case the employees of PT. Sanbe Farma group still considers the affordability of prices, the purchasing power of employees for the products to be purchased and considers the quality of the goods to be obtained as important factors in shopping. While for the third variable, service convenience is significantly influenced by ease of accessing applications, ease of transaction and convenience in shopping due to social distancing.
Keywords: Panic Buying, Price, Service Convenience, Purchase Decision
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Freu, Christel. "Labour status and economic stratification in the Roman world: the hierarchy of wages in Egypt." Journal of Roman Archaeology 28 (2015): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759415002445.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The hierarchy of workers’ incomes and wages in the Roman world has long drawn the attention of scholars. The series of workers’ wages we have at our disposal comes mostly from Roman and Byzantine Egypt: account books, labour contracts, and orders or receipts of payment on papyri and ostraca. Since the 1930s, lists of wages and prices have been compiled, firstly, to study the purchasing power of the working population and, secondly, to classify the trades according to the workers’ qualifications and to the location of employment.
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Blenda, Nataliia, and Vitaliy Rybchak. "Features of food market formation in Ukraine." Turystyka i Rozwój Regionalny, no. 16 (December 29, 2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/tirr.2021.16.15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article examines the peculiarities of the formation of the food market of Ukraine and trends in its development. The actual capacity of the domestic market for certain products has been determined, taking into account the decrease in the average per capita consumption of certain food products by the population and the reduction in the population of Ukraine. It is established that the growth of gross output of agricultural products has improved the level of self-sufficiency in food in Ukraine. Meeting the needs of the population in food, within its purchasing power, is almost entirely provided by domestic products, except fruits, berries, and grapes. The level and dynamics of import dependence of the food market as a whole and in the context of individual product groups are determined.
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Vasiliev, Anatoliy. "NATIONAL ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF NORTHERN BASIN FISHERIES." Fisheries 2020, no. 3 (June 16, 2020): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37663/0131-6184-2020-3-44-55.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A brief analysis of the state and use of the raw material base of the Northern
Basin fishery in 2010–2019 is carried out. The results of fisheriesin ib the
Murmansk region in 2008-2013 under institutional conditions are presented.
A financial and economic analysis of the fisheries of the Northern Basin in
2014-2018 was performed. A significant increase in prices for fish products
and a decrease in the purchasing power of the population are shown. The
recommendations aimed at improving the national economic efficiency of the
fisheries of the Northern basin are given.
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Pamuk, Şevket, and Maya Shatzmiller. "Plagues, Wages, and Economic Change in the Islamic Middle East, 700–1500." Journal of Economic History 74, no. 1 (February 24, 2014): 196–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050714000072.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study establishes long-term trends in the purchasing power of the wages of unskilled workers and develops estimates for GDP per capita for medieval Egypt and Iraq. Wages were heavily influenced by two long-lasting demographic shocks, the Justinian Plague and the Black Death and the slow population recovery that followed. As a result, they remained above the subsistence minimum for most of the medieval era. We also argue that the environment of high wages that emerged after the Justinian Plague contributed to the Golden Age of Islam by creating demand for higher income goods.
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Gridneva, B. "Household Investment in Bank Deposits: Analysis of the Current Situation." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 8, no. 3 (June 17, 2020): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9111-2020-55-58.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In conditions of macroeconomic instability and lack of financial resources for economic entities and the state, an important source of financing for economic growth is the resources attracted from the population in Bank deposits. However, the savings model of behavior of Russians in modern conditions noticeably transformed under the influence of a decrease in the purchasing power of wages and a decrease in living standards in the majority of the country's regions. The tariff policy implemented in credit institutions also reduces the attractiveness of Bank deposits. The article analyzes the current trends of citizens investing their funds in Bank deposits.
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Leite, Priscilla Lourenço, and Adriana Cardoso Silva. "Prevalence study of compulsive buying in a sample with low individual monthly income." Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 37, no. 4 (December 2015): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2015-0015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Compulsive buying can be characterized as an almost irresistible impulse to acquire various items. This is a current issue and the prevalence rate in the global population is around 5 to 8%. Some surveys indicate that the problem is growing in young and low-income populations. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of compulsive buying among people with low personal monthly incomes and analyze relationships with socio-demographic data. Methods: The Compulsive Buying Scale was administered to screen for compulsive buying and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess anxiety and depression in a sample of 56 participants. Pearson coefficients were used to test for correlations. Results: The results indicated that 44.6% presented an average family income equal to or greater than 2.76 minimum wages. It is possible that compulsive buying is not linked to the purchasing power since it was found in a low-income population. Conclusion: Despite the small sample, the results of this study are important for understanding the problem in question.
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Kubicová, Ľubica, and Zuzana Lušňáková. "Consumer foodstuffs demand and income standard development in the households of Slovakia." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 3 (2010): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058030099.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present social and economic conditions in Slovakia participate to the behaviour differentiation of individual households on the consumer market. It is possible to speak about changes both in the positive and negative sense of word. The positive impact can be observed in the inter-annual increase of the population revenues especially in the years 2006 and 2007 (by 13.86 % and 12.05 %) in connection with greater possibilities of the employment growth and employment on the work market of the EU member countries. The negative manifestations can be seen within the low income household groups because they represent a great part of households in Slovakia. In spite of the fact that the final consumptions and expenditures of private households increased from 56.3 % in 2000 to 58.3 % in 2005 and it was manifested in GDP, and the growth of the population standard purchasing power increased from € 5400.00 to € 7700.00 per inhabitant (Eurostat 08), Slovakia is within the EU-27 countries at the lower bound of the achieved purchasing power standard (the Eurozone average is € 14000.00). Over the decennial period (1998–2007) the average annual monetary revenue increase of private households was 7.62 % and in 2007 it represented a nominal value of € 4158.269 and in the real expression it was € 4105.009 per a household member. In the past years the economic development in Slovakia (GDP growth by 10.4 % and the final household consumption by 7.1 % in 2007) enabled, at the average annual income growth by 7.62 %, an increase of consumption expenditures by 6.59 % for foodstuffs and for non alcoholic beverages by 3.66 %. This development is confirmed by income-demand analysis results.
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Apalkova, Viktoriia, Sergiy Tsyganov, Nataliia Meshko, Nadiia Tsyganova, and Serhii Apalkov. "Evaluation models for the impact of pricing factor on environmental performance in different countries." Problems and Perspectives in Management 20, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(2).2022.12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The need to increase the price of non-green, carbon-emitting goods, as well as the application of new environmental taxes and fees to help solving the global climate crisis, has been actively discussed. However, price is not only a strong impetus for market development, but it can also restrain growth. The price level and population purchasing power belong to the key indexes that define the market capacities in different countries. This paper aims to investigate the impact of income inequality, including price levels and purchasing power, on environmental performance in different countries. The research method is based on RapidMiner’s machine learning programs, applying three modeling algorithms: correlation, clustering, and decision trees with a static index database of more than 150 countries around the world. The results obtained partially confirm the conclusions made by other researchers studying the Environmental Kuznets concept (EKC) effects. In particular, it was found that an important factor influencing the efficiency of the environment in the country’s ecosystem is the level of population’s income. The analysis also shows that environmental performance is strongly dependent on domestic price levels. This may support the hypothesis that the cost of green goods reflects a high benchmark for natural resource costs. However, further research is needed, including such directions as sources of financing for the implementation of circular projects, as well as the associated economic and environmental effects.
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Seppälä, Anna-Kaarina, Nabin Raj Gaihre, and Rinald Pereira. "Electrical Energy Demand in Rural India - A Case Study of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh." E3S Web of Conferences 101 (2019): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910102002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
India currently has the biggest unelectrified population in the world. Renewable-based microgrids could provide a sustainable solution to providing universal energy access. However, the potential electricity demand in rural areas is unknown and hard to predict. This data is needed to analyse the purchasing power and potential market for microgrids, and to assess their success rate. This study surveyed 73 households in Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh in India, to study the energy need in rural communities. The data shows that many unelectrified households are already using electrical appliances powered by small photovoltaic panels or batteries. The consumption is not income-generating but potential productive use cases are widely present. In Uttar Pradesh, small-scale microgrids are already providing homes with enough power for lighting and mobile chargers. An average unelectrified household was found to consume 2.48 kWhe monthly, and to spend ₹ 155 on energy services. Villagers wish for more appliances and more power, and have the required finances to pay for it.
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Almeida, Kátia De, Silvestre Prado de Souza Neto, Alessandra Quintella Nunes, and Marinês Sttefanello. "A INFLUÊNCIA DO ENSINO DO EMPREENDEDORISMO NO POTENCIAL EMPREENDEDOR DO ALUNO." Revista de Negócios 13, no. 1 (October 20, 2008): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7867/1980-4431.2008v13n2p67-76.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this paper is to argue the efficiency of the education of the Entrepreneurship in Business Schools. The text detaches the importance of the Entrepreneurship for development, jobs generation and the consequent formation of demand through the increase of the population purchasing power. A historical profile of the education of Entrepreneurship in Brazil is traced. The research, carried through a questionnaire, with business students of the Universidad Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro and Universidade Privada de Barra Mansa, it looks for to establish if it exists a parallel between the education of disciplines of Entrepreneurship and the students will to undertake.
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SHALAEVА, Lyudmila V. "Pension provision issues: The Perm Krai case study." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 19, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 1647–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.19.9.1647.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Subject. This article deals with the issues related to the optimization of the pension system. Objectives. The article aims to assess the standard of pension provision of the population of the Perm Krai and justify the areas to improve the Krai's socio-economic development. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of analysis, synthesis, and generalization. Results. The article assesses the standard of pension provision and justifies the need to increase it to improve the socio-economic living conditions of the population of the Perm Krai. As the main problem, the article identifies the loss of purchasing power of pension payments in conditions of inflation. Conclusions. The identified problems of pension provision of the population of the Perm Krai as a whole correlate with the all-Russian practice, and they are a manifestation of an unreasonable strategy for the pension system's development and the specifics of the economy under conditions of inflation.
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Bílková, Diana. "Wage Level as One of the Most Important Indicators of the Quantitative Aspect of the Standard of Living of the Population and Selected Indicators of Economic Maturity in OECD Member Countries." Engineering Economics 31, no. 3 (June 29, 2020): 334–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.31.3.23441.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present paper focuses on the comparison of wage levels across OECD countries, the research data coming from an official OECD website. The following eight variables are employed in this study – the average wage, minimum wage, GDP per capita, tertiary education attainment, employment ratio, trade unions, labour productivity and inflation rate. The average wage represents the main explained variable in regression and correlation analysis, the remaining seven variables being used as potential explanatory ones. In order to compare living standards in different countries, average and minimum wages as well as per capita GDP data were adjusted to relative purchasing power parity. The principal objective was to identify which explanatory variables statistically significantly affect the average wage. The analysis showed that only three of them – namely the employment ratio, GDP per capita and labour productivity – have a significant effect at a 5% statistical level. The regression hyperplane with a forward stepwise selection was applied. Nine clusters of OECD countries were created based on both all the eight variables and four of them selected in regression analysis (the average wage and three explanatory ones) with the aim to identify the countries that coexist in the same cluster. Ward's method and Euclidean distance are utilized in cluster analysis, the number of clusters being determined with the use of the Dunn index. The study also aims at the prediction of the average wage by 2022, which was made via exponential smoothing of time series. (The greatest purchasing power is reported by Luxembourg, Switzerland, Iceland, the U.S., the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway and Austria, the highest average wage growth rate by 2022 being expected in the Baltic and some other post-communist countries.)
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Nemtsov, A. V., and R. V. Gridin. "Alcohol consumption during the coronavirus epidemic in Russia." Public Health 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21045/2782-1676-2021-1-2-28-49.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the study is to assess alcohol consumption during the coronavirus epidemic in Russia.Materials and methods – retail sales of alcoholic beverages, which account for about 70% of the alcohol market in the country, as well as online inquiries for the delivery of illegal vodka were assessed. The assessment of changes was made on the basis of a comparison of the period March 2020-March 2021 with the average 2018–2019, and in the case of sales growth in 2018–2019 – based on average and linear regression. Internet requests for the delivery of vodka were obtained from the portals Google Trends and Yandex. The purchasing power of the population was assessed by the dynamics of the real money incomes of the population of the Russian Federation.Results – sales changes were ambiguous, both for different drinks, and in the two waves of the epidemic. Alcohol spirits increased both in the frst (by 2.2%) and in the second half of the year (by 1.2%), despite a decrease in cognac sales due to an increase in MRP by 11.6% from January 2020. Wine sales decreased during the epidemic, but this is due to a number of administrative and legislative measures, as well as a twofold decline in production. During the epidemic, retail beer sales grew by 4.5% in the frst half of the year, and decreased by 3.4% in the second. Internet searches for the illegal delivery of vodka rose sharply at the very beginning of the epidemic (after March 22, 2020) and two weeks later reached a maximum (202.9 thousand per week; Yandex), exceeding the February level by 2.7 times. Further, the dynamics of online searches corresponded to the waves of the epidemic.Conclusions. The coronavirus epidemic was accompanied by an increase in the consumption of hard alcohol from various sources. It has been suggested that distress was the dominant factor in the growth of strong alcohol consumption during the coronavirus epidemic, despite the decline in the purchasing power of the population, especially during the second wave of the epidemic.