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Книги з теми "PULSE CHARACTERISTICS"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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1

Engineers, Institute Of Electrical and Electronics. IEEE standard methods and equipment for measuring the transmission characteristics of pulse-code modulation (PCM) telecommunications circuits and systems. New York, NY, USA: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1991.

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2

Matick, Richard E. Transmission lines for digital and communication networks: An introduction to transmission lines, high-frequency and high-speed pulse characteristics and applications. New York: IEEE Press, 1995.

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3

Marchenko, Aleksey, and Mihail Nemcov. Electronics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1587595.

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The material of module 2 "Electronics" is systematically presented in accordance with the modern university program of the discipline " Electrical Engineering and Electronics" for non-electrotechnical areas of training of bachelors and certified specialists. The element base of semiconductor electronics devices is considered: classification, voltage and frequency characteristics, features of the use of electronic devices in various operating modes are given. The principles of construction and functioning of typical analog, pulse and digital devices are described in detail. A separate chapter is devoted to the principles of converting light energy into electrical energy and vice versa, the design and operation of optoelectronic devices and fiber- optic lines of information transmission. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in non-electro- technical areas of bachelor's and graduate training.

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4

Al-Jimaz, Adel Shaye. The hydrodynamic behaviour and mass transfer characteristics of single droplets in a pulsed sieve plate column. Birmingham: Aston University. Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, 1992.

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5

Roark, D. Michael. Estimation of hydraulic characteristics in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system using computer simulations of river and drain pulses in the Rio Bravo study area, near Albuquerque, New Mexico. Albuquerque, N.M: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.

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6

Roark, D. Michael. Estimation of hydraulic characteristics in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system using computer simulations of river and drain pulses in the Rio Bravo study area, near Albuquerque, New Mexico. Albuquerque, N.M: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.

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7

Ghosh, Prakriti Kumar. Pulse Current Gas Metal Arc Welding: Characteristics, Control and Applications. Springer, 2017.

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8

Ghosh, Prakriti Kumar. Pulse Current Gas Metal Arc Welding: Characteristics, Control and Applications. Springer, 2018.

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9

Matick, Richard E. Transmission Lines and Communication Networks: An Introduction to Transmission Lines, High-frequency and High-speed Pulse Characteristics and Applications. Wiley-IEEE Press, 2000.

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10

Institute Of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and IEEE Communications Society. IEEE Standard Methods and Equipment for Measuring the Transmission Characteristics of Pulse-Code Modulation (Pcm Telecommunications Circuits and Sys). Institute of Electrical & Electronics Enginee, 1991.

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11

TENS-like devices. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199673278.003.0011.

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TENS-like devices deliver electrical currents across the intact surface of the skin using pulse generators with technical output specifications that differ from a standard TENS device. Technological advances have resulted in reductions in the size and cost of electrotherapeutic devices with increasing varieties of self-administered hand-held TENS-like devices available to practitioners and the general public. The diversity of TENS-like devices available on the market makes synthesizing evidence difficult. The purpose of this chapter is to categorize TENS-like devices and briefly overview the characteristics, mechanism of action, and effectiveness of various TENS-like devices. The chapter covers high-voltage pulsed (Galvanic) current, microcurrent electrical therapy, low-intensity transcutaneous cranial electrical stimulation, transcutaneous spinal electroanalgesia, transcutaneous piezoelectric current, non-invasive interactive neurostimulation, action potential simulation and H-wave therapy, and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation.

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12

Wright, A. G. Signal-induced background. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199565092.003.0011.

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Signal-induced background has a time dependence that distinguishes it from the sources discussed in Chapter 6. These events refer to a progression in which a signal generates a subsequent one, correlated in time to the initial detection. The timescale for correlated background ranges from nanoseconds to days. The earliest signal is a prepulse generated by a photon incident on d1. Late pulses relate to the k-to-d1, and k-to-anode transit time. The next category, the afterpulses, spans ~100 ns to 10 μ‎s, with a peaked time distribution. There is a long-lived source of photons, extending to days and caused by exposure of a photomultiplier to bright light or to nuclear radiation. Afterpulses contribute to the slope of a photon-counting plateau characteristic, distort fluorescent decay, and pulse shape discrimination measurements. They also affect resolution, and processes of a statistical nature.

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13

Romagnoli, Stefano, and Giovanni Zagli. Blood pressure monitoring in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0131.

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Two major systems are available for measuring blood pressure (BP)—the indirect cuff method and direct arterial cannulation. In critically-ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit, the invasive blood pressure is the ‘gold standard’ as a tight control of BP values, and its change over time is important for choosing therapies and drugs titration. Since artefacts due to the inappropriate dynamic responses of the fluid-filled monitoring systems may lead to clinically relevant differences between actual and displayed pressure values, before considering the BP value shown as reliable, the critical care giver should carefully evaluate the presence/absence of artefacts (over- or under-damping/resonance). After the arterial pressure waveform quality has been verified, the observation of each component of the arterial wave (systolic upstroke, peak, systolic decline, small pulse of reflected pressure waves, dicrotic notch) may provide a number of useful haemodynamic information. In fact, changes in the arterial pulse contour are due the interaction between the heart beat and the whole vascular properties. Vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, shock states (cardiogenic, hypovolaemic, distributive, obstructive), valve diseases (aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation), ventricular dysfunction, cardiac tamponade are associated with particular arterial waveform characteristics that may suggest to the physician underlying condition that could be necessary to investigate properly. Finally, the effects of positive-pressure mechanical ventilation on heart–lung interaction, may suggest the existence of an absolute or relative hypovolaemia by means of the so-called dynamic indices of fluid responsiveness.

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14

Vaez-Zadeh, Sadegh. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198742968.003.0001.

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An overview of permanent magnet synchronous (PMS) motors and the related control system are presented in this chapter as introductory materials for the rest of the book. The interconnections of the control system to the power electronic inverter and the motor are emphasized. In addition, the major parts of the system are overviewed. Pulse width-modulated voltage source inverter, as the most commonly used power converter in PMS motor drives, is briefly discussed. PMS motors configurations and operating principles are also presented after considering characteristics of permanent magnet materials. Major PMS motor control methods including vector control, direct torque control, predictive control, deadbeat control, and combined vector and direct torque control are briefly reviewed. Finally, several rotor position and speed estimation schemes, and offline and online parameter estimation methods are overviewed.

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15

Lancellotti, Patrizio, and Bernard Cosyns. Examination. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713623.003.0001.

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Echocardiography is a diagnostic imaging technique by which ultrasound is used to display anatomic and physiologic characteristics of the cardiovascular system. Echocardiography consists of several different imaging modalities that require appropriate settings. In this chapter the most important system settings are discussed in the context of the basic physics of ultrasound image formation. Setting-up the echo machine to optimize patient examination is discussed in detail. All controls are covered. Continuous-wave, pulsed-wave, and colour flow Doppler are explained, as well as more advanced techniques including myocardial velocity imaging and speckle tracking and 3D imaging. Understanding these basic principles will allow optimizing image quality for each individual patient.

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16

Moseley, Harry. Lasers. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199655212.003.0021.

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The rapid increase in the use of lasers in healthcare has introduced new challenges. The hazards depend on the characteristics of the laser and the different modes of interaction with tissue. If the laser beam were to strike the unprotected eye, serious damage could occur, the site of damage depending on the wavelength of the laser radiation. The risk is reduced in the case of extended sources but, potentially, may be increased when a repetitively pulsed laser is used. These concepts are all discussed in addition to summarizing current legislation and standards. The laser protection adviser (LPA) is someone who is knowledgeable in the evaluation of risk associated with the use of lasers and has responsibility for provision of expert advice to the user. This chapter contains much useful information for the LPA and others interested in understanding the principles of laser safety.

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17

Davey, Kent. Magnetic field stimulation: the brain as a conductor. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0005.

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For the purposes of magnetic stimulation, the brain can be treated as a homogeneous conductor. A properly designed brain stimulation system starts with the target stimulation depth, and it should incorporate the neural strength–duration response characteristics. Higher-frequency pulses require stronger electric fields. The background of this article is the theoretical base determining, where in the brain TMS induces electrical activity, and whether this shifts as a function of differences in the conductivity and organization of gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid. The use of strong electric fields to treat many neurological disorders is well established. Both in the treatment of incontinence and clinical depression, the electric field should be sufficiently strong to initiate an action potential. The frequency, system voltage, capacitance, core stimulator size, and number of turns are treated as unknowns in a TMS stimulation design. This article presents the possible topological changes to be considered in the future.

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