Дисертації: "Public procurement for innovation"

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Krautter, Nicolai. "PEP - Public Electronic Procurement : Innovation im öffentlichen Beschaffungswesen /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2008. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/564770612.pdf.

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Krautter, Nicolai. "PEP - public electronic procurement: Innovation im öffentlichen Beschaffungswesen." Hamburg Kovač, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988362597/04.

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Chicot, Julien. "Strategic use of public procurement for innovation : rationales, instruments and practices." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAE012/document.

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Un nombre croissant de pays de l’OCDE encourage l’utilisation des achats publics en soutien à l’innovation, mais les discours ont été peu suivis d’effets. L’ambition de cette thèse est d’aider l’élaboration des initiatives d’achat public d’innovation (API), en identifiant les obstacles à l’innovation qu’ils peuvent résoudre, ainsi que les instruments et les pratiques les plus à mêmes de les aider dans cet objectif. Nous identifions huit idéo-types d’API selon les défaillances de marché ou de système (niveau méso) auxquelles ils tentent de répondre pour stimuler l’innovation. Ces défaillances affectent soit les utilisateurs, soit les producteurs ou touchent leurs interactions. Nous les comparons à celles de niveau macro et déterminons ainsi la contribution potentielle de chacun de ces idéo-types d’API aux politiques tournées vers de grandes missions. Notre typologie constitue un cadre théorique unifié associant défaillances et modalités de mise en œuvre des API. Elle en aide ainsi l’élaboration, l’évaluation et l’analyse. Certains de nos idéo-types doivent soutenir la création de marché pour encourager l’innovation. Nous nous appuyons sur les théories économiques évolutionnistes et une série d’études de cas pour comprendre comment les API peuvent y parvenir. Nous identifions leurs rôles, à différentes étapes de la procédure d’achat public, dans la coordination de connaissances et d’informations pour la création et le développement de marché. Les API doivent notamment permettre aux utilisateurs d’interagir avec les fournisseurs de manière appropriée et suffisamment tôt dans la procédure d’achat. Les recherches sur les achats privés ont néanmoins montré qu’une telle implication précoce des fournisseurs est source de problèmes de niveau micro. Une série d’entretiens avec des acheteurs publics et des fournisseurs permet de mieux identifier les problèmes affectant leur collaboration au cours d’une procédure standard d’API ou d’un dialogue compétitif. La nature de ces défaillances diffère selon la procédure d’achat public, du même que leur moment d’apparition. Les entretiens révèlent également que les acheteurs et fournisseurs perçoivent différemment les pratiques à l’origine de ces défaillances. Nos résultats appellent enfin à reconsidérer l’influence du cadre juridique sur les API, et soulignent l’existence de procédures et stratégies alternatives qui sont plus ou moins privilégiées par les fournisseurs. En somme, notre travail de recherche identifie différents niveaux d’obstacles à l’innovation que les API peuvent résoudre, ainsi que les mesures les plus appropriées pour les aider dans cet objectif. Il plaide en faveur d’une approche dynamique de la décision politique, qui définit problèmes, instruments de politique et pratiques à chacune des étapes des procédures d’achat public, de formation des marchés, et de collaboration entre acheteurs public et fournisseurs
An increasing number of OECD countries has adopted measures to encourage the use of public procurement to foster innovation. However, implementation of public procurement of innovation (PPI) is lagging behind policy discourse. The ambition of this dissertation is to address this discrepancy by assisting in the design of PPI initiatives, that is, by identifying the innovation-related failures that PPI can overcome, and the most appropriate policy instruments and practices for achieving this objective. We define eight PPI ideal-types according to the type of meso-level market of system failures they address. These failures can relate to users, producers or to their mutual interactions. We confront them with macro-level failures, and determine accordingly the contribution of each PPI ideal-type to distinct mission-oriented policies. Our typology provides a unified PPI framework associating their rationales with their design. Therefore, it contributes to policymaking, and to policy evaluation and analysis. Some PPI categories aim to spur innovation by stimulating the formation of markets. We employ an evolutionary approach to analyse the influence of PPI at the different stages of the dynamic process of market formation through a series of selected existing case studies. We demonstrate that PPI can underpin the different phases of knowledge coordination for market formation, by ensuring appropriate interactions between users and producers early in the public procurement procedure. The literature on private procurement nevertheless shows that early supplier involvement is subject to a number of micro-level failures having their root in procurement practices. Based on interviews with public procurers and suppliers, we identify relevant collaboration failures related to the standard PPI and competitive dialogue procedures. We highlight differences in these failures and their loci between the two procedures. Furthermore, public procurers and suppliers appear to have different perception of the causes of the failures they have encountered. Finally, our findings discuss the influence of the legal framework on PPI and suggest additional PPI procedures and strategies that are favoured by suppliers to varying extents. In sum, our research identifies innovation-related failures at different levels that PPI can resolve, and relevant instruments to help PPI initiative to achieve their objectives. Furthermore, it advocates a dynamic approach considering failures, instruments, and practices at different stages of public procurement procedures, and market formation and public procurer-supplier collaboration processes

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Weisshaar, Clara. "Understanding the relationship between the adoption of innovation and institutions : an exploratory qualitative case study on NHS procurement." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/understanding-the-relationship-between-the-adoption-of-innovation-and-institutions-an-exploratory-qualitative-case-study-on-nhs-procurement(fdd6de80-5340-4f48-9920-c431241b430b).html.

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Despite various efforts to introduce support measures and financial incentives to improve innovation in the public sector, it is widely perceived that the adoption of innovation is a slow and complex process (Albury, 2005; Coriat and Levinthal, 1990). Evidence of previous research indicates that the adoption of innovation varies considerably across public sector organisations, regardless of the perceived potential benefit of the new product (or service) (Cash and MOster, 2000; Edquist, 2005).The public procurement and innovation literature emphasises the potential of public sector organisations as important buyers and adopters of innovation, highlighting the role of public demand for the triggering and diffusion of innovation (Edler et al. 2011; Cunningham and Karakasidou, 2009; Edquist, 1997). However, innovation adoption in the public sector has been characterised as a slow and unpredictable process where the underlying institutional factors that play a role in the adoption process are not fully understood (Albury, 2005; Allman et al., 2011). The topic of poor adoption in the public sector is of great significance, not only for the innovation agenda, but also due to the increasing pressure on the public sector to achieve higher quality services with more efficient allocation of resources, particularly the NHS (Bonoma, 1985).The main objective of the research is to address the problem of slow and inconsistent adoption of innovation in the public sector, by providing a more holistic and institutional perspective to the study of innovation adoption, addressing the lack of context specific research on the topic. A major focus of this work is to understand the relationship between the adoption of innovation and institutions as a means to establish a more in-depth understanding of the institutional features that influence the adoption process. The research focuses on new technology procurement cases in the context of the English and Scottish NHS system, as two different institutional contexts, in order to identify the institutional features at the system’s and organisational level hat make a difference in adoption of innovation.

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Dale-Clough, Lisa. "Public procurement of innovation : towards a theory of adoption and implementation by local authorities." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6250/.

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This thesis addresses the problem of why a broad agreement on the importance of using public procurement to stimulate innovation (PPI) has not been realised in practice by analysing the adoption and implementation of associated processes by local authorities. It applies evolutionary and institutional perspectives underpinning the systems of innovation approach to reveal the contextual and organisational factors affecting the selection of procurement processes by local authorities. It contains evidence from two case studies in which organisations attempt PPI, comparative analysis of the procurement practices of three European city authorities, and analysis of the strategies and policy setting informing the current PPI paradigm. Data collection and analysis was guided by a framework describing how local authorities are likely to encounter PPI, derived from a review of the innovation and procurement literatures. The analysis re-frames the current PPI debates as translating practices defined in the exogenous institutional setting into legitimate and rationalised alternatives to established, path-dependent procurement routines. It extends our understanding of the framework conditions and processes of PPI and factors contributing to variation in incidence and form. It presents propositions, variables and indicators that could be tested in future studies, and considers implications for future research and policy-making.

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6

Alaiya, Mayowa. "Organizing municipal procurement of civil works and the perceived conditions for promoting innovation." Thesis, KTH, Ledning och organisering i byggande och förvaltning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277065.

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Construction research brings attention to the persistent efficiency and productivity issues in the industry which often are related to a lack of innovation in the sector. To tackle these issues, considerable research has been focused on improved procurement practices, as it is seen that choosing the optimum procurement strategy can promote the development of innovative solutions, thereby resulting in improved efficiency and productivity in the sector. Moreover, research and numerous policy initiatives highlight that public clients play an important role in promoting innovation and improving the overall efficiency and productivity level in the sector through improved procurement practices. Still, this is an area in need of continued improvement since many public clients still frequently rely on traditional and rigid procurement practices which inhibit the potential for innovation to take place. Furthermore, promoting innovation in the procurement of civil works requires interprofessional collaboration between construction project managers and procurers, which can be difficult to achieve since research has shown that interprofessional tensions between these professional groups may occur. Considering the relevance and importance of the subject the research aims to study how technical functions and procurement functions are organized in the procurement of civil works and how project managers and procurers collaborate during the process. The study has also investigated the perceived conditions for promoting innovation in the procurement of civil works by project managers and procurers. The aim was achieved through a case study of four Swedish municipalities where the empirical data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with project managers and procurers in the municipalities. The findings showed that the studied municipalities largely lacked organizational resources conducive for innovation-oriented procurement of civil works. The findings suggested that the support and commitment for innovation within the civil engineering field was modest in the municipalities, however, there existed strong support for innovation in other areas such as within IT. Still, there exists a willingness among project managers to promote innovation and increase the efficiency in the civil works contract and the findings indicated that the project managers and procurers were better equipped for focusing on incremental innovations rather than radical innovations. Furthermore, opportunities for promoting innovations were discussed and identified. For example, setting higher and more project-specific environmental requirements in projects could improve the potential of increased efficiency and development of innovative solutions in the civil works.
Byggrelaterad forskning tyder på att branschen präglas av effektivitets- och produktivitetsproblem som många menar beror på en låg innovationsnivå inom sektorn. Mycket forskning har därför riktats mot förbättringar inom upphandling då man anser att valet av en optimal upphandlingsstrategi kan främja innovation, vilket i sin tur kan resultera i ökar effektivitet och produktivitet inom sektorn. Dessutom, tyder mycket forskning på att offentliga beställare utgör en stor roll i att främja innovation och effektivitet inom sektorn, något som stödjs genom flera politiska direktiv. Detta är dock ett område som behöver förbättras då många offentliga beställare fortfarande tillförlitar sig på traditionella och stelbenta upphandlingsmetoder som hämmar innovationspotentialen. För att främja innovation inom upphandling av anläggningsentreprenader krävs det inter-professionellt samarbete mellan byggprojektledare och upphandlare, något som kan vara svåruppnått då forskning har visat att spänningar kan uppstå dessa två yrkesgrupper emellan. I betraktande av ämnets vikt och relevans är arbetets syfte att studera hur byggförvaltningar och upphandlingsfunktioner i kommuner organiseras vid upphandling av anläggningsentreprenader samt hur projektledare och upphandlare samarbetar under processen. Studien har även undersökt de upplevda förutsättningarna av projektledare och upphandlare för att främja innovation vid upphandling av anläggningsentreprenader. En fallstudie av fyra svenska kommuner genomfördes för att uppnå studiens syfte, där empirin framställdes genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer med projektledare och upphandlare i kommunerna. Empirin visade att de studerade kommunerna till stor del saknade organisatoriska resurser för att främja innovation vid upphandling av anläggningsentreprenader. Resultaten indikerade att stödet och engagemanget för innovation inom anläggningsområdet var måttligt i kommunerna, men att det fanns ett starkt stöd för innovation inom andra områden exempelvis inom IT. Likväl, finns det fortfarande en vilja bland projektledare att främja innovation och öka effektiviteten i anläggningsentreprenaderna, och resultaten visade att projektledare och upphandlare var bättre rustade för att fokusera på inkrementella innovationer snarare än radikala innovationer. Möjligheter att främja innovation diskuterades och analyserades. Till exempel bedömde man att högre och mer projektspecifika miljökriterier i projekt kunde förbättra potentialen för ökad effektivitet och utveckling av innovativa lösningar i anläggningsentreprenaderna.

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Li, Yanchao. "Public procurement as a demand-side innovation policy in China : an exploratory and evaluative study." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/public-procurement-as-a-demandside-innovation-policy-in-china--an-exploratory-and-evaluative-study(5b215cff-d548-4024-90fa-eb8c6ac34eb0).html.

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There has been increased interest internationally in using public procurement as an innovation policy. China too has employed innovation oriented public procurement (IOPP) to implement its ‘indigenous innovation’ strategy. This thesis explores China’s IOPP policy processes, evaluates the appropriateness of these policies, and explains key issues identified. Literature strands on innovation, policy, public procurement, and IOPP are drawn upon to analyse IOPP and related policies. IOPP processes are conceptualized as dynamics shaped by the institutions, actors and interactions of innovation and public procurement systems. IOPP policies are framed as horizontal mixes of cross-domain interventions, and vertical mixes of goals, rationales, instruments, designed implementation structures, actual implementation processes, and outcomes. A criterion for evaluating policy appropriateness is coherence between the various dimensions. Macro-level policies impact on micro-level processes which in turn provide evidence of implementation. A multi-level case study methodology is adopted to link up macro/national, meso/regional and micro/local levels of policy design, articulation and implementation. Implementation is characterized through three IOPP policy channels, a channel being a characteristic group of policies to promote IOPP. Channel 1 employed ‘innovation catalogues’, which was unexpectedly terminated in 2011 in response to concerns from other countries over China’s perceived protectionist tendency. Channel 1 was found to be a centralized mechanism to implement general IOPP across all regions, sectors and levels of governance. As a one-size-fits-all approach requiring cross-domain, cross-level coordination, it failed to achieve coherence with the institutional fragmentation of China’s innovation and procurement systems. The other two channels were implicit, strategic IOPP approaches i.e. commercialization projects for ‘major technological equipment’ with a rationale of pre-commercial procurement (Channel 2), and demonstration programmes for emerging technologies with a rationale of creating lead markets (Channel 3). These two channels realized better coherence with China’s systems as both were targeted at specific sectors and levels. Cross-case analysis suggests that micro-level IOPP processes were more frequently shaped by local contexts of stakeholders, interactions and informal institutions rather than IOPP policies. Interventionist local governments and proactive suppliers played stronger roles than procurers in initiating IOPP. IOPP cycles followed diverse and informal pathways not always competition-based, which might have breached de jure procurement regulations but China’s weak formal institutions allowed this flexibility. Informal institutions sometimes mitigated flaws of formal ones and facilitated IOPP, but could easily play competing roles (notably regional protectionism) that hinder policy implementation. This thesis contributes to IOPP knowledge by: offering a conceptual approach to IOPP policy analysis concerning implementation and appropriateness evaluation; uncovering China’s IOPP dynamics based on which the understanding of IOPP as a research subject is deepened. Policy implications include lessons for catching-up countries emphasizing institutional capacity and government capability, and more general issues highlighting policy differentiation and complementarity, and intermediation.

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Leiringer, Roine. "Technological innovations in the context of public-private partnership projects." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industrial Economics and Management, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3616.

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The idea that the private sector can play an important partin the financing and creation of built assets and thesubsequent operation of public services has gained ground overthe last decade. This development has contributed to the risein public-private partnership (PPP) projects in many countriesand within many areas in the public sector. From theconstruction perspective, these projects are usually creditedas providing real incentives for the actors involved, as wellas creating a business environment that is conducive toinnovation and improved practices, especially in theconstruction phase. This thesis examines the validity of thesestatements in the context of the PPP procurement route and theextent to which the actors involved in the design andconstruction phases are presented with, and able to exploit,opportunities for technological innovation. A multiple- casestudy approach was adopted for the empirical part of theresearch. Four major projects, containing significantconstruction work and completed between 1997 and 2002, werestudied: three in the UK and one in Sweden. Project personnelthe principal actors in the design and constructionphaseswere interviewed at length. Within the findingsthere is evidence that the existence of certain conditions onprojects, and particular actions arising in relation thereto,can lead to a marked propensity towards innovative behaviour.The conclusion is reached that it is possible to implementtechnological innovations successfully on PPP projects, butthat there is reason to be cautious in promoting thisprocurement route as a prescription for success in theconstruction sector. There are inhibitors in the process thathave the potential to limit the amount of innovation achievedon a project. The thesis discusses this matter and identifiesthree key areascommunication and information, achievingtransparency in the applied framework and risk managementin which actions could be taken in order to improve theprospects for realising technological innovation on PPPprojects.

Keywords:Public-private partnerships, technologicalinnovation, construction procurement, project management,risk

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Thomas, Susana. "Buying innovation in complex public service settings : the example of service improvement in education." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/buying-innovation-in-complex-public-service-settings-the-example-of-service-improvement-in-education(82cea21e-dcc0-4598-9e13-4f08ab118785).html.

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This research investigates how public service organisations (PSO’s) use public procurement, referred to as the acquisition of goods and services by PSOs, to analyse the processes through which a PSO acquires innovative goods and services in order to improve public services. Despite a number of success stories from the literature (Phillips et al, 2007; Uyarra, 2010; Yeow et al, 2011), PSOs struggle to procure and implement innovation (e.g. Uyarra et al, 2014a). One major reason for this lack of innovation procurement and adoption is the nature of governance of the procurement process in the public sector (Rolfstam, 2009).Drawing from the public sector and organisational governance literature, this research develops a conceptual framework to investigate how internal, managerial and external governance affects the willingness and ability of PSOs to procure innovative goods and services. External governance refers to overarching bodies of organisations and institutions situated outside the PSO which influences policy and organisational arrangements of PSOs. Managerial governance refers to organisational actors and other stakeholders brought together to form governing boards which directly control and support the PSO leader. Internal governance refers to the day-to-day operations and delivery of a public service. This research adopts a positivist approach with a deductive inquiry process. Using the English secondary education system as the PSO under investigation this research utilises a mixture of quantitative (survey to two types of secondary schools in England) and qualitative methods (four case studies). The findings of this research indicate that these three governance levels influence PSOs procuring innovation in a number of ways. External governance can determine the decision-making process and what can and cannot be procured to improve the service and how budgets are used for innovations. External governance can also act as a source of expertise and knowledge, create opportunities and incentivise PSOs by establishing conditions, mechanisms and access to large scale programmes and initiatives. Similarly, managerial governance entails actors to act as gatekeepers in the decision making process, assisting in procurements by leveraging expertise from other positions and improving the chances of procuring innovation through partnership arrangements with internal governance actors. At the internal governance level, procurement of innovation is greatly improved when ‘champions’ support innovative solutions and when staff responsible for the delivery of the service (i.e. teachers) specify requirements. This research makes three contributions. Firstly, it develops a conceptual framework for public procurement of innovation (PPI) with governance at the centre. Secondly, it adds to the growing body of literature of PPI practice and the barriers faced by PSOs. Finally, this research pays attention to education, a public service sector that has been overlooked by previous studies. Consequently, this research may help policy-makers and practitioners to better understand the governance of PPI.

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SOHLSTRÖM, ELIN. "Is Swedish Public Procurement Ready for Sustainable Product Development? : An Investigation on Barriers in Public Procurement that Prevents the Diffusion of Sustainable Innovations." Thesis, KTH, Hållbarhet och industriell dynamik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199207.

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The current focus on sustainability entails an extension of companies focus beyond economicobjectives to an approach that also take into account economic, ecological as well as societal performance (Hollos, Blome and Foerstl, 2012). In this context, purchasing and supply has been transformed to have a strategic role in sustainability (Meehan and Bryde, 2011). The European Union point to a rising interest for policies that aim at a reorientation of public procurement to achieve solutions that promotes consideration of social policies and that supports sustainable innovation (European Commission, 2016).Public procurement processes have according to Oruezabala and Rico (2012) only been studied in a few empirical studies. Furthermore, Rolfstam et al. (2011) emphasizes that diffusion is an area that have been neglected in the public procurement of innovation. The need for sustainable innovations makes it relevant to address a gap in the literature, which beyond exposing hinders for sustainable public procurement accounts for their effect on the diffusion of sustainable innovations. Wastewater treatment is important for public procurement due to its significant environmental impact and therefore the wastewater treatment industry is the focus of this thesis. The importance of the study is supported by actors such as AxFlow that supplies the wastewater treatment industry with technical solutions. This company experiences that hinders in public procurement prevents diffusion of sustainable innovations.The purpose with this research is to investigate what barriers for sustainable procurement that prevents the diffusion of sustainable innovations. To fulfill this purpose a case study was conducted where data was collected through interviews with individuals with varying roles and experiences within public procurement to waste water treatment plants. In order to achieve the purpose it was necessary to determine that public procurement play a role in achieving a sustainable development. It was also crucial to find evidence on the existence of barriers for sustainable procurement and what these are. The results indicate that public procurement could play a significant role in promoting sustainable development. However, it is possible to conclude that the actual contribution is significantly small or nonexistent due to the fact that there are several barriers in place that prevents public procurement from having a significant impact. Findings suggests that barriers to sustainable procurement exists and that these relate to all three pillars of sustainable development, which are the economic, social and environmental pillar. By analyzing barriers to sustainable procurement found in the empirical study it was possible to identify which specific barriers that prevents the diffusion of sustainable innovations. It is concluded that the diffusion of sustainable innovations is prevented by the following barriers: 1. Public procurement failing to create economic incentives for sustainable product development. 2. An insufficient base of stake holders involved in the policy formulation process. 3. Policies not being formed on consensus and dialogue. 4. A lack of policy integration over different environmental media. 5. A lack of a strategic plan in public procurement. 6. Procurers given insufficient support and mutual measures necessary for evaluation.

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Thelander, Josefin, and Hanna Sjöberg. "Offentlig innovationsupphandling i Sverige : En studie om vad som kan hindra och möjliggöra offentlig innovationsupphandling och om det statliga stödet för ökad innovationsupphandling." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32976.

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Sverige står inför en rad utmaningar och samhällsförändringar såsom sociala, miljömässiga och ekonomiska förändringar. Offentlig upphandling kan utgöra ett verktyg för en innovativ utveckling och innovativa lösningar blir allt viktigare för hantering av dessa. Upphandling innebär att en offentlig organisation köper in en lösning från marknaden istället för att ta fram en lösning genom egen regi. Innovationsupphandling utgör ett nytt sätt att arbeta med upphandling och kan innebära en riskfylld och komplicerad process att hantera. Staten bör därmed bistå upphandlande organisationer med stöd och nödvändiga resurser. Syftet med denna studie är att få en förståelse för vad som kan hindra och möjliggöra innovationsupphandling inom den offentliga sektorn. Syftet är även att få kunskap om vilket stöd statliga myndigheter kan bistå med för att öka offentlig innovationsupphandling i Sverige. För att möta syftet med studien applicerades en fenomenografisk metodansats. Detta gjordes för att studera olika synsätt av fenomenet offentlig innovationsupphandling samt för att skapa kunskap och förståelse om det. Studien resulterade i att hinder och möjligheter kunde tas fram kopplat till innovationsupphandling inom den offentliga sektorn. Dessa presenterades genom fem kategorier: kunskap och incitament, funktion och dialog, juridiska rädslor, finansiella medel samt samverkan. Upphandlingsmyndigheten, Vinnova och Sveriges kommuner och landsting är tre statliga myndigheter som samverkar för att stödja offentliga organisationer, för att öka innovationsupphandlingen i Sverige. De statliga stöden kan ges i form av delade kompetenser och erfarenheter, rådgivning och vägledning samt genom att bistå med finansiella medel och incitament.
Sweden is facing numerous challenges that come with current social, economical and environmental changes. In order to handle those changes, it has become important to develop innovative solutions. Public procurement can be used as a tool for such innovative development. Instead of producing new solutions on its own, the solutions can be obtained from actors on the market. When it comes to innovations, public procurement constitute a new way of using procurement, as it includes a risky and complicated process to handle. The government should therefore assist public organizations with the needed support as well as necessary and complementary resources, in order to raise their willingness, abilities and opportunities to procure innovations. The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of what may prevent and enable public procurement of innovation in the public sector. The aim of the study is also to gain knowledge about the governmental support, aimed to increase the public procurement of innovation. A phenomenological methodology was applied on this study, with reason to look into different approaches of the phenomenon. A description of what may prevent and enable public procurement of innovation in the public sector could be identified as a result of this study. These could be categories as: knowledge and incitement, function and dialogue, legal fears, financial resources and collaboration. Upphandlingsmyndigheten, Vinnova and Sveriges kommuner och landsting, constitutes three governmental agencies that are collaboratively working towards supporting and increasing public procurement of innovation in Sweden. The support and resources that is given through these authorities can be described in terms of skills, advancement, counseling, guidance, knowledge and financial resources and incentives to procure innovations.

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Torvinen, H. (Hannu). "It takes three to tango:end-user engagement in innovative public procurement." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526223926.

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Анотація:

Abstract This study examines the phenomenon of end-user engagement in innovative public procurement. Innovative public procurement aims at satisfying human needs and fixing societal problems by enhancing the development of innovative products, services or processes. To understand the functions expected from procurement, collaborative interfaces, such as interaction with citizen communities, become instrumental for innovations to materialise. In contrast to the existing debate on innovative public procurement focused on broad policy issues or the dyadic relationship between procurer and supplier parties, the interest of this study lies in the micro-level interaction within the inter-organisational triad of public-sector procurer, private-sector supplier and public-service end-user. Value creation via end-user engagement is examined in the study through the three issues of co-creation activities, end-user roles and procurer capabilities. The empirical findings are based on a qualitative case approach to four innovative public property procurement projects in northern Finland. The primary data are generated through interviews and participant observation on relevant procurer, supplier, end-user and expert informants. The results of the thesis highlight the need to further place end-user interaction at the heart of developing public procurement procedures. First, the study categorises end-user engagement activities following the key principles of value co-creation in dialogue, access, risk assessment and reflexivity as well as transparency related actions. Second, the study identifies four end-user roles, conventional, cooperative, collaborative or controlling roles, each of which embodies different value potential according to the procurement situation. Third, adopting a user-centred approach to public procurement calls for an experimental culture that enables the procurer’s capabilities of learning-by-doing, alliancing and networking as well as the evaluation of external support to take place. By integrating the debate of public service co-production into the public procurement context, the study contributes to both innovative public procurement and public service management discussions. From a practitioner’s perspective, the main motivation to use innovative public procurement should not be financial savings, but the added value-in-use and well-being of the public
Tiivistelmä Tämä väitöskirja tutkii loppukäyttäjien sitouttamista innovatiivisissa julkisissa hankinnoissa. Innovatiiviset julkiset hankinnat pyrkivät täyttämään ihmisten tarpeita ja vastaamaan yhteiskunnallisiin ongelmiin tehostamalla innovatiivisten tuotteiden, palveluiden ja prosessien syntymistä. Ymmärtääkseen hankinnalta vaaditun toiminnallisuuden, yhteistyö julkisia palveluita käyttävien kansalaisten kanssa on elintärkeää innovaatioiden materialisoitumiselle. Siinä missä innovatiivisten hankintojen keskustelu on nykyisellään keskittynyt erityisesti hankintapolitiikkaan ja dyadiseen suhteeseen tilaajan ja toimittajan välillä, tämä tutkimus keskittyy vuorovaikutuksen tarkasteluun mikrotasolla triadisessa suhteessa julkisen sektorin tilaajan, yksityisen sektorin toimittajan ja julkisen palvelun loppukäyttäjän välillä. Loppukäyttäjien sitouttamisella saavutettua arvontuotantoa tarkastellaan tutkimuksessa kolmen sitouttamisen toimintoihin, loppukäyttäjän rooleihin ja tilaajan kyvykkyyksiin liittyvän kysymyksen avulla. Empiiriset tulokset perustuvat laadulliseen tapaustutkimukseen neljästä innovatiivisesta tilahankinnasta Pohjois-Suomessa. Ensisijainen aineisto on kerätty haastattelemalla ja havainnoimalla keskeisiä tilaaja-, toimittaja- ja loppukäyttäjäorganisaatioiden edustajia. Tutkimuksen tulokset korostavat loppukäyttäjävuorovaikutuksen selkeää asettamista innovatiivisten hankintakäytäntöjen ytimeen. Ensiksi, tutkimus luokittelee loppukäyttäjien sitouttamisen vuorovaikutukseen, pääsyyn, riskien hallintaan ja refleksiivisyyteen sekä läpinäkyvyyteen liittyviin toimintoihin. Toiseksi, tutkimuksen tuloksissa tunnistetaan neljä tilannesidonnaista loppukäyttäjien omaksumaa joko perinteistä, auttavaa, kumppanillista tai hallitsevaa roolia. Viimeiseksi, käyttäjäkeskeinen lähestymistapa julkiseen hankintaan edellyttää kokeilevaa kulttuuria, joka mahdollistaa tilaajalle ensiarvoiset kokeilemalla-oppimisen, verkostoitumisen ja ulkoisen tuen arvioimisen kyvykkyydet. Integroimalla julkisten palveluiden yhteistuotannon keskustelua julkisen hankinnan kontekstiin, tutkimuksen kontribuutiot suuntautuvat sekä innovatiivisten julkisten hankintojen että julkisten palveluiden keskusteluun. Käytännön toimijoiden näkökulmasta tärkeää on, että taloudellisten säästöjen sijasta hankinnan tärkein vaikutin olisi käyttöarvon luominen ja kansalaisten hyvinvoinnin edistäminen

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13

Pavoncelli, Nicklas, and Johanna Behm. "Effectuation in Business to Government Context." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-35873.

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Effectuation is a theory about entrepreneurial problem-solving and management that was first identified by Sarasvathy (2001). Effectual logic has proven to be particularly useful when the company is functioning under the conditions of high uncertainty or goal ambiguity. It is an already widely-studied topic and it has been examined in various contexts, but one field that has completely lacked the attention of the researchers is the business to government context. Our study is focusing on effectuation in business to government context in specific and the aim of our study is to find out (1) how the business to government context influences the application of effectual logic, (2) and what the potential outcomes for innovation are. We used action research to build understanding through a deep involvement with a case organization. Through an experiment involving managers of our case organization, we could find which process is used, and how it relates to the context. Our conclusions show that business to government context sets some limitations to effectual approaches, and we present a framework which represents this effectual process observed in our case organization. In addition, grounded on our previous findings, we analyzed how this practiced process, and the context, set barriers to innovation as well: results such as difficulties to gain pre-commitments, inability to spread risk among stakeholders and difficulty to run pilot projects, are some of the observed findings. On the other hand, we argue that this brought to a focus on incremental innovations, which are new features added to pre-existing products sold to pre-existing clients. At the end of our study we come up with implications for researchers, which could be used to direct future contextual studies regarding effectuation and innovation. But also, some implications for policy makers and managers are presented, so to suggest ways to lower barriers for radical innovation in business to government, and create a more innovative friendly context.

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14

JOHANNESSON, STINA. "Public procurement of cellulose-based and locally produced textiles - incentives and barriers for sustainable purchasing in the Swedish healthcare sector." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21820.

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Background: This study describes the incentives and barriers of public procurement ofcellulose-based and locally produced textiles in the Swedish healthcaresector governed by the county councils and regions. The size of the publicprocurement market is substantial which makes it imperative to analyse theprocurement decisions taken by this large customer from asustainability perspective. To understand these decisions better the publicprocurement is also analysed from an organisational perspective discussingpressures from global, regional and local stakeholders and governingauthorities.Methods: Empirical and primary data was collected from three semi-structuredinterviews with procurement officers, strategic buyers and heads ofprocurement departments in three county councils and regions in Sweden.The qualitative data was supplemented with quantitative data from a surveytargeting the additional 18 county councils and regions in Sweden. All 21county councils and regions in Sweden participated in or responded to theinterview and survey study. Six (33 %) complete responses were submitted,while five (28 %) surveys were partially responded to. Seven (39 %) countycouncils and regions did not participate in the study. The quantitative surveydata was analysed through the Fisher’s exact test and a thematic analysis wasapplied jointly on the interview and survey data due to the identicalinterview and survey questions.Results: The four themes found in the empirical data were concluded to be thedecision-making in these procurement processes being affected by manystakeholders, a high trust on suppliers for information updates andsustainable responsibility, an existing knowledge gap on cellulose-based andlocally produced textiles and the challenges and opportunities surroundingthe regulation of sustainability in the contract terms in the publicprocurement of textiles. The procurement officials being in a leading or nonleadingposition did not show any statistically significant effect on theperception of the clarity in the relevant political directives and how thisinfluences the possibility to take sustainable action in the procurementprocess, nor on whether the short-term (lowest) price has a higher prioritythan the long-term (e.g. long-term societal and environmental costs) in theprocurement of textiles.Conclusion: The sustainable public procurement of textiles within the Swedish healthcaresector governed by the county councils and regions is characterized by ahigh level of organisational complexity including many global, regional andlocal stakeholders. The governing authorities as well as the procuringorganizations and suppliers show interest in implementing sustainableprocurement processes which is however aggravated by static contract terms,limited knowledge on novel textile materials and the perceived costs relatedto the procurement.

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15

Asačiova, Lina. "Inovatyvių viešųjų pirkimų reglamentavimas ir jų įgyvendinimo problematika." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110802_144134-97467.

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Анотація:

Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjamas inovatyvių viešųjų pirkimų reglamentavimas ir jų įgyvendinimo problematika. Inovatyvūs viešieji pirkimai - pažangaus augimo nuostatų įtraukimas į viešuosius pirkimus, kurie gali pagerinti ne tik švietimo, bet ir mokslinių tyrimų, novatoriškų idėjų skatinimą bei viešųjų paslaugų kokybę. Darbo teorinėje dalyje analizuojama viešųjų pirkimų politika ir jų teisinis reglamentavimas. Identifikuojama inovatyvių viešųjų pirkimų samprata ir jų svarba. Išskiriamos inovatyvių viešųjų pirkimų įgyvendinimo galimybės viešajame sektoriuje bei jų įteisinimas Viešųjų pirkimų įstatyme. Pateikiamos priežastys, lemiančios inovatyvių viešųjų pirkimų įgyvendinimo sunkumus. Taip pat nagrinėjamas inovatyvių viešųjų pirkimų įgyvendinimas ir praktika Europos Sąjungos šalyse. Empirinėje darbo dalyje atliktas interviu su Lietuvos viešųjų pirkimų specialistais. Tyrimu nustatyta, kad inovatyvūs viešieji pirkimai yra nevykdomi dėl pernelyg mažo valstybės politikos kūrėjų susidomėjimo inovatyviais viešaisiais pirkimais ir jų nauda. Autorė pateikia inovatyvių viešųjų pirkimų skatinimo modelį, kuriame dėmesys skiriamas švietimui, kuris būtinas informuoti ne tik LR Vyriausybės inovatyvių viešųjų pirkimų politikos kūrėjus, bet ir perkančiąsias organizacijas, tiekėjus, visuomenę apie inovatyvių prekių, paslaugų ar darbų pranašumą prieš įprastas prekes, paslaugas ar darbus. Taip pat aptarta verslo ir mokslo partnerystės sąsaja, kuri galėtų atnešti didelę naudą visos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The present Bachelor thesis analyses the regulation of innovative public procurement and the issues of its implementation. The state would be able not only to stimulate the development of innovations, but also increase competitiveness and the level of economy in the state by innovative public procurement. The theoretical part of the paper analyses public procurement policy and its legal regulation. The concept of innovative public procurement is identified, as well as its importance. The possibilities of innovative public procurement implementation in the public sector are distinguished, as well is its incorporation in the Public Procurement Act. There are also discussed the causes for difficulties in innovative public procurement implementation. The paper covers the analysis of innovative public procurement implementation and practice in the European Union states as well. The empirical part of the paper includes a discussion of the interview with Lithuanian public procurement specialists. The research revealed that innovative public procurement is not carried out due to lack of interest of the state policy makers in public procurement and its benefits. The author presents a procurement promotion model, in which a great attention is paid to education, as education is essential for informing not only innovative procurement policy makers of the government of the Republic of Lithuania, but also purchasing organisations, suppliers and society about the advantages of innovative... [to full text]

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16

Lönngren, Josefin, and Sandra Fahlén. "Utmaningar och möjligheter i upphandlingsprocessen - för att kunna digitalisera på ett innovativt sätt i offentlig verksamhet." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-33791.

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Анотація:

Approximately, digital transformation in public sector is procured for an amount of 59 billion Swedish crowns, according to Konkurrensverket. But despite this, the procurement process is not that effective, which may question the benefits of the investment being made. The Swedish Government has a goal to be the best in the world to utilize the opportunities that digitalization gives to the public sector, but according to Ekonomistyrningsverket, this goal is not considered to be fulfilled since there are some shortcomings in the area. Some argue that public procurement of innovation can contribute to a solution that is better suited to public needs, which is one of the reasons that the agency of innovation Vinnova was commissioned by the government to promote public procurement of innovation in the public sector. The procurement process is governed by laws and therefore the communication between customer and supplier is limited as no supplier are allowed to have competitive advantages in the procurement. This means that the requirement specification is important for public sector to fill their needs, but it claims that the process of requirements can be very complicated. The purpose of the study is to deepen the knowledge of procurement as an aspect to digitalize in an innovative way. This will be done by identifying the challenges and opportunities that exists in the procurement process. The study is conducted through an qualitative method and a literature study and interviews are used to collect data. Initially, the area is explored in a broader perspective with an exploratory approach and the collected material are further specified into a more specific area where a more focused approach is used. The results of the study indicate that there are both challenges and opportunities in the procurement process. The challenges that were identified concern the areas; specification of requirements, limits with the Public Procurement Act (PPA), the concept & meaning of public procurement of innovation and the competence of the Swedish innovation agency. Furthermore, the possibilities that were identified concern the areas; the competence of the Swedish innovation agency, specification of requirements, PPA & new way of working with the procurement process and the trend of being innovative.
Enligt Konkurrensverket upphandlas digitalisering inom offentlig sektor till ett belopp av 59 miljarder kronor. Trots detta är processen för upphandlingen inte särskilt effektiv vilket gör att nyttan av de investeringar som görs ifrågasätts. Sveriges regering har som mål att bli bäst i världen på att nyttja de möjligheter som digitaliseringen kan ge till den offentliga sektorn, men eftersom det fortfarande förekommer brister inom området anser Ekonomistyrningsverket att målet inte är uppfyllt. Många hävdar att innovationsupphandling kan bidra med lösningar som är bättre anpassad till det offentliga behovet vilket är en av anledningarna till att innovationsmyndigheten Vinnova fick i uppdrag av regeringen att främja innovation genom innovationsupphandlingar i offentlig sektor. Upphandlingsprocessen är styrd av lagar vilket bidrar till att kommunikationen blir begränsad mellan aktörerna då ingen leverantör ska få konkurrensfördelar i upphandlingen. Detta gör att kravspecifikationen är viktig för att offentliga verksamheter ska få det som efterfrågas, dock hävdas det att processen att identifiera behov samt formulera krav kan vara mycket komplicerad. Syftet med studien är att fördjupa förståelsen medupphandling som utgångspunkt för att kunna digitalisera på ett innovativt sätt genom att identifiera utmaningar och möjligheter som finns i upphandlingsprocessen. Studien utförs genom en kvalitativ metod där en litteraturstudie, intervjuer och en enkätundersökning utförs för att samla in data. Till en början undersöks området i ett bredare perspektiv med en utforskande ansats för att sedan använda det insamlade materialet till att specificera området ytterligare där en mer fokuserad ansats används. Studiens resultat visar på att det finns både utmaningar och möjligheter i upphandlingsprocessen där utmaningarna som identifierats rör områdena; kravspecifikation, begränsning med lagen om offentlig upphandling (LOU), begreppet & innebörden av innovationsupphandling samt innovationsmyndighetens kompetens. Vidare rör möjligheterna som identifierats områdena; Upphandlingsmyndigheten kompetens, kravspecifikation, LOU & nya arbetssätt kring upphandlingsprocessen samt trenden att vara innovativ.

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Persson, Christian, and Svensson Gustav. "Innovation i infrastrukturprojekt : En studie om styrning av upphandlingsprocessen." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96941.

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Inledning: Det finns idag ett infrastrukturgap i Sverige som beror på att dagens planerade investeringar inte täcker framtidens behov. Eftersom resurserna inte räcker till ökar efterfrågan på att öka innovationsgraden i infrastrukturprojekten, vilket kan göras genom att styra upphandlingsprocessen. Tidigare forskning säger däremot att det finns risker med att tänka innovativt eftersom nackdelarna väger över fördelarna. Därmed avser studien att undersöka hur styrning av upphandlingsprocessen kan skapa innovation i infrastrukturprojekt. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur den offentliga sektorn arbetar med styrning av upphandlingsprocessen för att skapa till innovation i infrastrukturprojekt samt att undersöka vilka hinder och barriärer som finns för innovation. Metod: Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie med en deduktiv ansats och inslag av abduktion. En flerfallstudie tillämpas där det empiriska materialet inhämtas via semistrukturerade intervjuer från sju offentliga organisationer. Slutsats: I fasen förbereda verkar det finnas störst möjlighet att påverka innovationsgraden vilket till stor del beror på att entreprenad- och upphandlingsform fastställs i denna fasen. Studiens resultat indikerar på att totalentreprenad och innovationsupphandling är de entreprenad- och upphandlingsformer som främja innovation i störst utsträckning. De drivkrafter för innovation som studien främst utvecklat och bidragit med är kunskapsöverföring, riskpremie, pilotprojektoch innovationskultur. Vidare har studien resulterat i att nya barriärer för innovation uppdagats vilka bland annat är erfarenhetsbrist, delgivning av företagshemligheter samt innovationsbegreppet.
Background and problem discussion: Today, there is an infrastructure gap in Sweden that is due to the fact that today's planned investments do not cover the needs of the future. As resources are insufficient, demand for increasing the degree of innovation in infrastructure projects is increasing, which can be done by controlling the procurement process. Previous research, on the other hand, says that there are risks of thinking innovatively where the disadvantages outweigh the benefits. We therefore intend to investigate how control of the procurement process affects innovation in infrastructure projects. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how the public sector works with the control of the procurement process in order to contribute to innovation in infrastructure projects and to explore the obstacles and barriers that are against innovation. Method: The thesis is a qualitative study with a deductive approach that has elements of abduction. A multi-case study has been applied in which the empirical material has been obtained through semi-structured interviews from seven public organizations. Conclusion: In the preparation phase, there seems to be the greatest opportunity to influence the degree of innovation, which is largely due to the fact that contracting and procurement forms are determined in this phase. The study's results indicate that contracted and innovation procurement are the forms of contracting and procurement that promote innovation to the greatest extent. The driving forces for innovation that the study mainly contributed to are knowledge transfer, risk premium, pilot project and innovation culture. Furthermore, the study has resulted in new barriers to innovation being discovered which include lack of experience, service of corporate secrets and the concept of innovation.

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18

Patsali, Sofia. "University demand and firm innovation : a quantitative and qualitative evidence." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAB020.

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Анотація:

Cette thèse étudie la contribution des universités à l'innovation industrielle en insistant sur l'impact de la demande des universités sur les performances d'innovation des entreprises. Dans le premier chapitre, nous proposons une revue de la littérature approfondie des principaux axes de recherche étudiant l’influence des universités sur les entreprises industrielles par le biais de l’achat d’instruments [...] Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous examinons le comportement des fournisseurs d’instruments scientifiques de la deuxième plus grande université publique française - l’Université de Strasbourg - et nous étudions l’impact de la demande des universités sur la performance d’innovation de ces entreprises. [...] La question de recherche abordée dans ce chapitre est la suivante : « Quel est l’impact de la demande des universités sur les performances des fournisseurs en matière d’innovation ? ». [...] Dans le troisième chapitre, nous procédons à des analyses de robustesse approfondies des résultats empiriques émanant des études menées dans le chapitre précédent via deux méthodologies. [...] Dans le quatrième chapitre, nous allons au-delà du point de vue focalisé sur les relations quantitatives, qui ne permet pas d’explorer en profondeur la complexité des relations interpersonnelles et inter organisationnelles qui sous-tendent les processus expliquant les résultats empiriques observés dans les chapitres précédents. [...]
This dissertation studies the contribution of universities to industrial innovation by focusing on the impact that university demand has on the innovative performance of firms.In the first chapter, we conduct an in-depth literature review of the main research streams studying universities’ influence on industrial firms through the procurement of instrumentation. [...] In the second chapter,we consider the scientific instruments suppliers' of the second largest French public university – the University of Strasbourg - and we investigate the impact of university demand on firms’ innovative performance. [...] In the second chapter,we consider the scientific instruments suppliers' of the second largest French public university – the University of Strasbourg - and we investigate the impact of university demand on firms’ innovative performance. [...] In the fourth chapter, we go beyond the excessive focus on quantitative relations which does not allow one to fully explore the complexity of inter-personal and inter-organisational relations underlying the processes explaining the observed empirical results in the above chapters

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19

Andersson, Christoffer. "Svensk offentlig upphandling : Sambandet av syfte och strategi." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-179726.

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The purpose of this paper is to study the connection between the goal and strategy of public procurement in the Swedish municipality of Umeå. Working from a previous framework, an updated model is proposed, wherein the theory is expanded with new developments on the subject and a new method for analysis. These new developments pertain the developing study of possibilities regarding Public Procurement for Innovation, and the recently available supply strategy of In-House Procurement. The analytical method used is a deductive content analysis, applied to a sample of ten public procurement contracts. The results from this analysis breaks with previous results, showcasing that Umeå municipality’s contracts with Socio-Economical priorities does not necessarily utilize closer contract-cooperation than those with Regulatory and Commercial priorities, whereas Procurement of Innovation likely does. Results of In-House procurement are inconclusive, with the conclusion that preference depends on outside factors. Going forward, it is proposed that studies focus on expanding current theory on the subject, especially on the theoretical strains of Public Procurement for Innovation and In-House Procurement. Moreover, it is also proposed that future studies should focus on which strategies Swedish municipalities utilise in public transactions, as well as study current developments in Swedish municipal public management.

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Hammoud-Chobert, Serghinia. "Les partenariats d'innovation en droit de la commande publique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0491.

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Les marchés publics sont devenus des instruments des politiques de l’innovation. Dans cet esprit, les directives européennes de 2014 relatives aux marchés publics introduisent un nouveau marché public de « partenariat d’innovation » qui a été transposé en droit interne par le décret n°2014-1097 du 26 septembre 2014 portant mesures de simplification applicables aux marchés publics. Ce nouveau marché combine la recherche et l’achat de fournitures, services ou travaux nouveau, innovants et qui sont indisponibles sur le marché. Le présent travail a pour objet, d’une part, de démontrer l’originalité contractuelle du partenariat d’innovation qui se rapproche de la réalité économique et concurrentielle du marché et, d’autre part, l’illusion d’une nouveauté au sein des procédures de passation des marchés publics, dans la mesure où cette procédure se rapproche des procédures existantes comme le dialogue compétitif et les anciens marchés négociés avec publicité et mise en concurrence. De même, le partenariat d’innovation soulève de nombreuses interrogations dont la réponse suppose à la fois des clarifications des textes juridiques relatives à la délimitation de l’innovation, le régime juridique de la propriété intellectuelle, la répartition du risque, etc. ; et de l’introduction d’une réelle innovation procédurale afin de fluidifier la passation d’achats publics innovants
Public procurement is being seen increasingly as an instrument of innovation policy. With this in mind, the new 2014 European Union directives on public procurement introduces a new public procurement contract of « innovation partnership », has tranposed into national law by decree n° 2014-1097 of 26 september 2014, which concerns simplification measures applicable to public procurement contracts. This new market combines the researche and purchase innovative product, service or works and that are unavailable on the market. This present work aims firstly to demonstrate the contractual originality of the innovation partenschip approaching the economic and competitive reality of the market and, on the other hand the illusion of a novelty in the public procurement procedures, insofar as this procedure approximates the existing procedures notably the competitive dialogue and the former markets negotialted with publicity and competitive tendering. Similarly, the innovation partnerschip raises many questions of legal status of intellectual property, the distribution of risk, and so on, and the introduction of a genuine innovation procedure of fluidfication of the procurement of innovative public procurement

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21

Augliera, Marco. "Three essays on the role of public policies in firm performance." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/350485.

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This Ph.D. project thesis is a collection of three autonomous works tied by a common focus, that is to inquire the role public sector – within the peculiar Italian context – may exert to improve firms’ performance, thus supporting the aggregate growth in country’s economy. The first two works relates to public procurement, the main tool within the demand-side policy measures, which is object of a revitalized interest in both policymakers and scholars. In the first work I investigate whether those Italian firms engaging in public procurement report a larger propensity to innovate with respect to their counterparts that exclusively target private customers, paying mainly at- tention on how any effect varies with the amount of public procurement a firm is engaged into. In the second work, which represents an extension of the previous one, the scope is enlarged in order to investigate whether municipal procurement, that is that promoted by Municipalities, affects firms (in terms of higher productivity) localized within the same municipal borders. This investigation grounds on a comprehensive dataset that merges the rich panel information about Italian firms – provided by RIL surveys – with more than a million of official administrative data on all the public tenders awarded in Italy between 2010-2018, provided by the Italian anti-corruption agency (ANAC). In the last work, the attention is shifted towards the way with whom firms manage their labor force to enhance their innovative performance. This work, which grounds its premises on the numerous reforms of labor market that followed one another in the last two decades, represents a first attempt with respect to the Italian context to look at three dimensions of numerical flexibility at the same time and to explore some potential channels capable to mediate the relation between numerical flexibility and innovation.

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Ntsonde, Joël. "Entre utopie et action collective, comment accompagner la transition des territoires vers l'économie circulaire ? : Le cas de la commande publique dans le secteur de la construction." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM035.

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Анотація:

L’économie circulaire rencontre un succès grandissant dans la société et apparaît comme un levier majeur pouvant être mis au service de la transition écologique. Mais de manière assez paradoxale, l’engouement actuel autour de ce nouveau modèle semble plus lié à sa dimension utopique qu’à sa solidité scientifique. Ce constat soulève plusieurs questions telles que : pourquoi autant d’acteurs sont attirés par un concept qui reste encore flou ? Qu’est ce que les sciences de gestion peuvent-elles nous apprendre sur ce phénomène ? Comment l’économie circulaire peut-elle contribuer à favoriser une transition écologique ? Jusqu’à présent la littérature académique s’est peu intéressée à la dimension utopique de l’économie circulaire et à son impact en termes d’action collective. Afin d’étudier ce phénomène, la thèse s'intéresse aux mécanismes cognitifs, organisationnels et inter-organisationnels qui sous-tendent la transition d’un territoire vers l'économie circulaire. A partir du cas de la commande publique dans le secteur de la construction, nous questionnons ensuite les "transition studies" (Markard et al., 2012) pour proposer un modèle de transition conceptualisant les mécanismes qui peuvent permettre à des acteurs économiques, sociaux et politiques d’accompagner la transition de leur territoire vers l’économie circulaire. Ce modèle part des processus qui amènent des entrepreneurs à concevoir des innovations, puis conceptualise les mécanismes qui conduisent des organisations publiques et privées à coopérer avec ces entrepreneurs, avant d’expliciter les mécanismes à partir desquels cette dynamique d'action collective peut matérialiser la transition d’un territoire
Circular economy is meeting with growing success in society and appears to be a major lever that can be put to the service of the ecological transition. But paradoxically enough, the current craze around this new model seems more linked to its utopian dimension than to its scientific solidity. This observation raises several questions such as: why are so many actors attracted by a concept that is still unclear? What can management science teach us about this phenomenon? How can circular economy help foster an ecological transition? Until now, academic literature has paid little attention to the utopian dimension of circular economy and its impact in terms of collective action. In order to study this phenomenon, the thesis focuses on the cognitive, organizational and inter-organizational mechanisms that underlie the transition of a territory to circular economy. Using the case of public procurement in the construction sector, we then question the transition studies (Markard et al., 2012) to propose a transition model conceptualizing the mechanisms that can enable economic, social and political actors to support the transition of their local area to circular economy. This model starts from the processes that lead entrepreneurs to design innovations, and then conceptualizes the mechanisms that lead public and private organizations to cooperate with these entrepreneurs, before explaining the mechanisms from which this dynamic of collective action can materialize the transition of a territory

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Andersson, Elin, and Emma Filipsson. "Upphandling av medicintekniska produkter inom sjukvården i Sverige." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-214469.

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Since 1994, the Public Procurement Act has undergone changes aimed to improve the procurement process and promoting innovation. In order to promote innovation there are a number of government agencies that offer financial assistance, especially to small business with innovative ideas. Despite these efforts, newly established small businesses have difficulties entering the market. The study investigates whether changes have been made in the public procurement of medical devices with regard to price and quality prioritization. The priority criteria is presented by the contracting authority as percentage in the allocation criteria. The study is limited to in vitro diagnostic products contracting in Swedish healthcare between the years 2009 and 2015. All tenders, companies that apply for participation in procurement, were analyzed based on sales, number of employees and year of establishment with the purpose of evaluating differences between winning tenders and other tenders. The result shows that prioritization has been increasingly on price rather than the quality. Regarding the winning tenders the study shows that larger, more established companies dominates the market. Noteworthy is that this dominance has increased over theses last years. The increase may be due to a spiral effect that is created when winning tenders get an increased economic power.

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Lière, Sophie. "L'innovation technologique dans les contrats publics d'affaires." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020005.

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Sous l’impulsion du droit de l’Union européenne, les contrats publics d’affaires ont vocation à promouvoir l’innovation technologique. Les objectifs multiples qui leur sont assignés, particulièrement l’ouverture à la concurrence, les empêche néanmoins d’être des vecteurs efficaces d’innovation, au stade de leur formation. Il appartient en revanche aux parties de construire leur relation contractuelle en tenant compte des caractéristiques de l’innovation, telles que l’évolutivité et la performance. C’est donc le contrat, comme instrument de prévision, qui représente un moyen efficace d’encouragement à innover
Under the influence of European Union law, the « business public contracts » (i.e. contracts known as public procurement and concession contracts in EU law) are supposed to be a means of fostering technological innovation. However, the multiplicity of objectives assigned to these contracts, in particular the obligation of maintaining an open competition in awarding them, does not allow them to be an efficient tool for promoting innovation at their formation stage. It is the responsibility of the parties to take into account the main charasteristics of innovation, such as evolutivity and performance, to define their contractual relationships. The contract, taken as a means of anticipation, thus represents an efficient tool for promoting innovation

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Bismarchi, Luis Felipe. "Sustentabilidade e inovação no setor brasileiro da contrução civil: um estudo exploratório sobre a implantação da política pública baseada em desempenho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/90/90131/tde-05082011-215056/.

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O objetivo principal deste trabalho é identificar quais são os possíveis impactos que a adoção de um novo modelo de contratação de empreendimentos populares pela Caixa Econômica Federal (CAIXA) tem sobre a promoção da inovação e da sustentabilidade na cadeia brasileira da construção civil. Apesar de possuir diversas definições, o conceito mais aceito de sustentabilidade é a capacidade de atender as necessidades do presente sem impedir que as futuras gerações satisfaçam suas necessidades. O movimento em prol da sustentabilidade vem se fortalecendo rapidamente no mundo no início deste século XXI, instigando a sociedade civil a repensar seu comportamento de consumo, impactando diretamente sobre o comportamento de produção das empresas. Neste processo de mudança, a capacidade de inovar, isto é, de produzir novos conhecimentos ou aplicar de maneira diferentes conhecimentos existentes, é estratégica para que as empresas possam se adaptar a este novo contexto em que a sustentabilidade é requisito de participação no mercado. Um modelo de compra estratégica de empreendimentos populares baseado em desempenho, ao modificar a metodologia de seleção, contratação e acompanhamento das construtoras se apresenta como uma maneira do Estado influenciar o setor brasileiro da construção civil em direção à sustentabilidade. Através de uma pesquisa exploratória teórica, apresentamos uma forma de aplicação do modelo de compra estratégica baseada em desempenho desenvolvida nos Estados Unidos no início dos anos 1990 e identificamos seu potencial em estimular a sustentabilidade, devido principalmente à maneira como são descritas as características dos empreendimentos a serem construídos, e a inovação, devido à maneira como se dá a relação entre proponentes e a CAIXA durante o processo de seleção dos empreendimentos. A principal conclusão desta pesquisa é que o modelo apresentado tem um potencial muito maior que o atual em promover a inovação e a sustentabilidade no setor brasileiro da construção civil, uma vez que apresenta novos papéis e uma nova dinâmica de relacionamento entre todos os agentes envolvidos na implantação da política pública de habitação.
The main purpose of this research is to identify the possible impacts the adoption of a new purchasing model of popular buildings by Caixa Econômica Federal (CAIXA) has on the promotion of innovation and sustainability in the Brazilian building chain. Despite several definitions, the most accepted concept of sustainable development is the development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The sustainability movement is quickly getting stronger in the beginning of the 21st century, urging civil society to rethink its consumption pattern. This has a direct impact over companies production pattern. On this change process, the ability to innovate, that is, to develop new knowledge or apply in different matters the existing knowledge, is strategic to companies adapt to this new context where sustainability is a condition to keep in market. A performance-based procurement model of popular housing, once it modifies the methodology of selection, award and monitoring building companies, becomes a way to the State promote the Brazilian building sector towards sustainability. Through a theoretical exploratory research, we present a model of performance-based procurement developed in the USA in the 1990´s and we identify its potential to promote sustainability and innovation, mainly due to the way the request for proposal is done. The main finding of this research is that the presented model has a greater potential than the actual one to foster innovation and sustainability in the Brazilian building sector, once it presents new roles and a new relationship dynamics among all agents involved in the implementation of the public housing policy.

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Delpiazzo, Rodríguez Carlos Enrique. "Public Procurement and Sustainability." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118738.

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Currently, we can say that the environment is one of the most important topics, being that its incidence is increasingly valued by society.In that sense, in this article we study the figure of sustainable procurement. In this regard, the author believes that it would imply a due balance between wealth creation and social welfare. Therefore, the figure study goes beyond the change of words, but involves a change inperspective that should be analyzed in the light of the principles governing the law.
Actualmente, podemos afirmar que el medio ambiente es uno de los temas más importantes a tratar, siendo que su incidencia es cada vez más valorada por la sociedad. En ese sentido, en el presente artículo se aborda el concepto y función que cumpliría en nuestra sociedad la figura de la contratación sostenible. Al respecto, el autor considera que la misma implicaría un debido balance entre la generación de riqueza y el bienestar social. Por lo tanto, la figura estudiada va más allá de la variación de palabras, sino que implica un cambio en la perspectiva que debe ser analizada a la luz de los principios que rigen el derecho.

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BOLOGNINI, SARA. "Towards the evaluation of innovation procurement: The Pre-Commercial Procurement in Italy." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/291095.

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Negli ultimi due decenni, l'uso strategico degli appalti pubblici è diventato un tema sempre più centrale della politica europea dell'innovazione poiché può migliorare i servizi pubblici guidando il cambiamento tecnologico verso obiettivi socialmente condivisi. L'applicazione degli appalti pubblici in acquisti innovativi si basa su una triplice logica: (1) il miglioramento dei servizi pubblici; (2) l'incentivo delle aziende a essere più innovative; e (3) il perseguimento di obiettivi o missioni sociali più ampie. Il dibattito accademico ha affrontato, in diverse prospettive, il ruolo degli appalti pubblici come motore dell'innovazione. Dagli anni 90 ', diversi autori si sono interessati al ruolo degli appalti come strumento di politica dell'innovazione, hanno discusso degli appalti pubblici come uno degli elementi critici di una politica di innovazione orientata alla domanda e hanno sottolineato il ruolo dei policymakers nella promozione pratiche favorevoli all'innovazione in tutti i tipi di appalti. Nonostante la crescente consapevolezza che la domanda pubblica può stimolare l'innovazione, gli investimenti dedicati all'adozione di soluzioni innovative in Europa sono appena sopra la metà del livello atteso. uesta tesi affronta il tema degli appalti per l'innovazione concentrandosi sull'attuazione degli appalti Pre-commerciali (o Pre-Commercial Procurement-PCP), un approccio relativamente nuovo per l'approvvigionamento di servizi di ricerca e sviluppo, definito dalla Commissione Europea COM (2007) 799. La tesi considera i tre attori chiave coinvolti l'implementazione della politica di approvvigionamento di innovazione: il decisore politico, l'acquirente pubblico e il fornitore. Analizzando in parallelo (e in qualche modo anche congiuntamente) queste tre diverse prospettive sulle esperienze di appalto PCP, la dissertazione mira a valutare la politica degli appalti per l'innovazione nel quadro politico italiano. A questo proposito, la tesi si basa su tre studi originali: Studio 1- L'esperienza in italiano e nelle regioni italiane; Studio 2- Il punto di vista del procuratore; Studio 3-La prospettiva dei fornitori.L'approccio metodologico per l'intero lavoro si basa sul "Monitoraggio, valutazione e valutazione dell'impatto delle attività legate all'innovazione" (MLE- on Innovation Related Procurement), che incoraggia l'approccio multi-metodo di triangolazione nella valutazione delle politiche di appalti pubblici per l'innovazione. Lo studio 1. adotta principalmente: "analisi della legislazione", "ricerca documentale”. Lo studio 2. applica un approccio di mixed-method basato principalmente su "Survey" e "interviste One-to-one" con attori chiave dal lato del committente (coinvolgendo 12 delle 18 pubbliche amministrazioni che hanno gestito PCP in Italia). Lo studio 3. fa leva sulla metodologia del "caso studio" supportata dalla "osservazione partecipativa"; tale studio ha coinvolto Tech4Care Srl, una start up italiana particolarmente attiva nel campo degli appalti PCP. L'analisi dei tre studi ha portato a diverse considerazioni, che possono essere brevemente riassunte come segue. La politica sugli appalti per l'innovazione, sebbene fortemente promossa, è relativamente immatura per quanto riguarda l'attuazione e la valutazione sia a livello nazionale che regionale. L'appalto PCP potrebbe effettivamente rappresentare un'ottima opportunità di crescita dal lato per l’impresa. Il fornitore può sperimentare un notevole miglioramento riguardo lo sviluppo del business grazie all'esperienza dei PCP. Tuttavia, alcuni requisiti preliminari del fornitore potrebbero essere necessari per sfruttare appieno le opportunità del PCP. Anche l’Ente appaltante subisce generalmente impatti positivi diretti e indiretti. Tuttavia, quando un Appalto di Innovazione non segue l'esperienza del PCP, la conoscenza derivante dall'attività di ricerca e sviluppo rimane non sfruttata dal punto di vista dell’attore pubblico.
Over the two past decades, the strategical use of public procurement has increasingly become a central theme of European innovation policy. Public Demand for Innovation can improve public services steering technological change towards socially shared objectives. The application of public procurement of goods and services to innovation has thus a triple rationale: (1) the improvement of public services; (2) the incentive of supplier firms to be more innovative; and (3) the pursuit of broader societal goals or missions. Academic debate has, in different perspectives, dealt with the role of public procurement as an innovation driver. From 90', authors interested on the role of procurement as an innovation policy tool or as a tool of industrial policy, have discussed public procurement as one of the critical elements of a demand-oriented innovation policy and have emphasised the role of policymakers in promoting innovation-friendly practices across all types of procurement. Despite the growing awareness of public demand to spur innovation, the investments devoted to adopting innovative solutions in Europe are just above half of the ambition level. This dissertation addresses the theme of innovation procurement by focusing on the implementation of Pre-commercial procurement, which is a relatively new approach to procuring R&D services, defined by the European Commission's COM (2007) 799. The dissertation considers the three key actors involved in the innovation procurement policy implementation: the policymaker, the procurer, and the supplier. By analysing in parallel (and somehow also jointly) these three different perspectives on the Pre-Commercial Procurement experiences, the dissertation aims to evaluate innovation procurement policy in the Italian policy framework. In this respect, the thesis is built upon three original studies: Study 1- The experience in Italian and in the Italian Regions; Study 2- The Procurer’s perspective; Study 3-The Suppliers perspective. The methodology approach for the whole dissertation draws on the "Monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment of innovation-related" (MLE- on Innovation Related Procurement), which encourages the triangulation multi-methods approach in Innovation public procurement policies evaluation. Study 1. primarily adopts: "Legislation analysis", "documentary desk research". Study 2. applies a mixed-method approach mainly based on "Survey" and "One-to-one interviews" with key actors from the procurer's side (involving 12 out of 18 public administration who has run PCP in Italy). Study 3. leverages the "case study" methodology supported by the "participatory observation"; this study involved Tech4Care Srl, an Italian start-up particularly active in the Pre-Commercial procurement field. The analysis of the three studies led to several considerations, which can be briefly picked up as follow. The Innovation procurement policy, although severely promoted, is relatively immature concerning the implementation and evaluation both at the national and regional level. The pre-commercial procurement could effectively represent an excellent opportunity for growing concerning the supply-side. The supplier can experience a strengthened improvement concerning business development due to the PCPs experience. However, some preliminary requirements of the supply-side may be necessary to exploit the PCP opportunities fully. Concerning the procurer-side, the Procuring Entity (PE) generally experiences either direct and indirect positive impacts. However, when a wider PPI does not follow the PCP experience, the knowledge arisen from R&D activity remains unexploited from the Procurer side.

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Szerman, Dimitri. "Public procurement auctions in Brazil." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/681/.

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This thesis provides an empirical analysis of data generated by ComprasNet, the online procurement bidding platform developed and used by the Brazilian federal government. ComprasNet is a large bidding platform used since 2001 by more than 2200 public purchasing units who list around one million lots each year. Over 70,000 unique bidders have participated in these auctions. In 2010, 46 percent of all procurement for the federal government was conducted through ComprasNet, totaling R$ 27 billion, or 0.7 percent of Brazil’s GDP. In short, these auctions represent a large share of federal tenders and a substantial amount is contracted through them each year. Chapter 1 provides an overview of ComprasNet. After reviewing the literature on various topics which this dissertation contributes to, I describe the institutional background surrounding ComprasNet. I then present the baseline data used throughout the remainder of this dissertation. Chapter 2 addresses one important aspect of designing an online ascending auction, namely how to end the auction. ComprasNet varied its ending rules over time, providing an unique opportunity to test theories of bidder behaviour, as well as assessing the impact of ending rules on auction outcomes. Chapter 3 analyses a two-stage auction format which ComprasNet uses. Two-stage designs have long been proposed by the theoretical literature, but there are virtually no empirical works apart from experimental studies. Finally, chapter 4 analyses a bid preference programme targeted at small and micro enterprises (SMEs). The programme consists of setting aside eligible lots for SMEs. We first use eligibility rules as a source of exogenous variation in the treatment assignment to estimate the effects of the programme on auction outcomes. We then set up an open auction model with endogenous entry and asymmetric bidders and estimate the model’s primitives. In particular, we estimate entry costs, which we interpret as red tape costs.

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Carlsson, Axel, and Eric Oxelbark. "Public Procurement - Pitfalls and Possibilities." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119953.

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Syftet med denna studie är att den ska lyfta fram problematiken byggföretagen upplever samt fungera som en fingervisning om i vilken riktigt eventuella förändringar i upphandlandets genomförande kan göras. Målet är att ta reda på vad branschen tycker om LOU och hur företagen förhåller sig till lagen. Vilka är dess problemområden som orsakar misstro och överklaganden? Undersökningens frågeställning: Vad tycker entreprenörerna om tillvägagångssättet? Vilken förändring skulle entreprenörerna vilja se?

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Guzmán-Barrón, Sobrevilla César, and Maravi Rigoberto Zúñiga. "Institutional Arbitration in Public Procurement." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117229.

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In the present article, the authors give us an overview about the advantages of institutional arbitration over ad hoc arbitration, on public procurement matter. Thus, starting by describing the present situation of arbitration on that field, they describe the advantages of institutional arbitration, in favor of reaching a more efficient and transparent arbitration system, which is the desired goal.
En el presente artículo, los autores nos dan un panorama de las ventajas del arbitraje institucional sobre el arbitraje ad hoc, en materia de contratación pública. Así, partiendo del panorama actual del arbitraje en dicha materia, describen las ventajas del arbitraje institucional, en aras de tener un sistema más eficiente, transparente, que es el objetivo deseado.

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Carpio, Ramírez Carlos. "Public Procurement and Precautionary Measures." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118792.

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In the present paper, the author analyses some problems that he considers relevant on the field of the public procurement on Peru and Latin America. Parting from the problems on the application of the Public Procurement Law in Peru, he proposes the installation of a new instance that watches for the right behavior of supervisor entities of public procurement.
En la presente ponencia, el autor analiza algunos de los problemas que considera más relevantes en la situación actual de la contratación pública en el Perú y en Latinoamérica. A partir de los defectos que presenta la aplicación de Ley de Contrataciones del Estado en el Perú, propone la creación de una nueva instancia que vigile el correcto actuar de las entidades supervisoras de dichas contrataciones.

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Schindler, Sven. "Public Electronic Procurement kommunaler Einkaufsgemeinschaften." Chemnitz GUC - Verl. der Ges. für Unternehmensrechnung und Controlling, 2008. http://www.guc-online.de/index_67.html.

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Stiti, Karim, and Shih Jung Yape. "Bid Forecasting in Public Procurement." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-260258.

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Public procurement amounts to a significant part of Sweden's GDP. Nevertheless, it is an overlooked sector characterized by low digitization and inefficient competition where bids are not submitted based on proper mathematical tools. This Thesis seeks to create a structured approach to bidding in cleaning services by determining factors affecting the participation and pricing decision of potential buyers. Furthermore, we assess price prediction by comparing multiple linear regression models (MLR) to support vector regression (SVR). In line with previous research in the construction sector, we find significance for several factors such as project duration, location and type of contract on the participation decision in the cleaning sector. One notable deviant is that we do not find contract size to have an impact on the pricing decision. Surprisingly, the performance of MLR are comparable to more advanced SVR models. Stochastic dominance tests on price performance concludes that experienced bidders perform better than their inexperienced counterparts and companies place more competitive bids in lowest price tenders compared to economically most advantageous tenders (EMAT) indicating that EMAT tenders are regarded as unstructured. However, no significance is found for larger actors performing better in bidding than smaller companies.
Offentliga upphandlingar utgör en signifikant del av Sveriges BNP. Trots detta är det en förbisedd sektor som karakteriseras av låg digitalisering och ineffektiv konkurrens där bud läggs baserat på intuition snarare än matematiska modeller. Denna avhandling ämnar skapa ett strukturerat tillvägagångssätt för budgivning inom städsektorn genom att bestämma faktorer som påverkar deltagande och prissättning. Vidare undersöker vi prisprediktionsmodeller genom att jämföra multipel linjära regressionsmodeller med en maskininlärningsmetod benämnd support vector regression. I enlighet med tidigare forskning i byggindustrin finner vi att flera faktorer som typ av kontrakt, projekttid och kontraktsplats har en statistisk signifikant påverkan på deltagande i kontrakt i städindustrin. En anmärkningsvärd skillnad är att kontraktsvärdet inte påverkar prissättning som tidigare forskning visat i andra områden. För prisprediktionen är det överraskande att den enklare linjära regressionsmodellen presterar jämlikt till den mer avancerade maskininlärningsmodellen. Stokastisk dominanstest visar att erfarna företag har en bättre precision i sin budgivning än mindre erfarna företag. Därtill lägger företag överlag mer konkurrenskraftiga bud i kontrakt där kvalitetsaspekter tas i beaktning utöver priset. Vilket kan indikera att budgivare upplever dessa kontrakt som mindre strukturerade. Däremot finner vi ingen signifikant skillnad mellan större och mindre företag i denna bemärkning.

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Chiappinelli, Olga. "Interdisciplinary essays on public procurement." Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2015. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/167/1/thesis_CHIAPPINELLI.pdf.

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Accounting for about 15-20% of GDP in developed economies, public procurement is both a paramount economic phenomenon and a leading activity of governments. Sound procurement policies and practices are therefore essential not only to achieve best value for money when purchasing goods and services of public utility, but also to pursue strategic objectives of crucial importance (e.g., sustainable growth and innovation) and to optimize spending in an era where public money has a high opportunity cost. This dissertation contributes to the research on public procurement by providing original investigations and results in an interdisciplinary fashion. The three essays presented adopt different methodologies to analyze relevant issues in public procurement which have been so far neglected by the literature. The first essay provides an auction-theoretical analysis of “Precommercial Procurement” (PCP), which is an innovative stepwise practice recently introduced in the EU for the public procurement of R&D. In particular, PCP is modeled as a multistage elimination contest with budget-constrained players and non-sunk bids. The non-sunk feature constitutes a novelty in the modelization of elimination contests and relies on the consideration that when budget-constrained contestants initially strategize on how much to bid in each stage, they do not regard bids spent in earlier stages as strategically irrelevant. This is due to the fact that contestants face a trade-off when allocating scarce resources over stages: the more they spend earlier the less they have to spend later, and vice versa. In a simple two-stage all-pay framework with complete information and asymmetric players, it is found that, notwithstanding the trade-off, the ex-ante strongest player is always able to deter other players from submitting a positive bid in the first stage, guaranteeing herself shortlisting with the smallest outlay, and saving most resources for the second stage. This is shown to imply that the two-stage all-pay contest has a lower performance, in terms of expected revenue, than the single-stage one. On the basis of these results, PCP does not seem to be a very advantageous practice for the procurement of R&D. The second essay provides a contract-theoretical framework to explain the occurrence of embezzlement of public money in the execution of public contracts. It is argued that at the core of the phenomenon is an agency problem where the room for the contracting firm’s moral hazard is created by the opportunism of its principal - a corruptible top-tier politician. It is considered that often corruption interests the execution stage of a contract (rather than only the award stage) and has a political nature (rather than only bureaucratic): top-level politicians may as well have to gain from large-scale corruption. In particular, the model allows for the political principal to be partially selfish and for both the auditing technology and the stakes of corruption to be endogenous and dependent on the selfishness of the politician. The model shows that while a moderately opportunist politician prevents the firm from embezzling money, an enough opportunist politician creates an incentive for embezzlement in optimal contracts, in order to ask for a share of the money conditional upon detection. The third essay investigates empirically the relationship between the degree of centralization in a procurement system and its performance. Despite its centrality, this issue has been only marginally considered by the literature, and without conclusive findings. The essay exploits the TED dataset to provide a preliminary investigation of the issue for Italy. The Italian case is appropriate in this context since all levels of government plus a number of other public institutions are involved in procurement, and are largely subjected to the same rules. Using winning rebate as a measure of procurement performance, and controlling for other determinants of rebate, it is found that small decentralized units (i.e., municipalities and public enterprises) are less efficient than (more) central purchasers, despite they currently award most procurement contracts. It is argued that at the basis of this performance gap is the fact that small decentralized purchasing units lack the specialized and competent human resources which are needed to efficiently administrate the procurement process. It is therefore concluded that the Italian procurement system is probably too much decentralized and that some reorganization on a more centralized basis could improve on the general performance gap.

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35

Keränen, O. (Outi). "Developing public-private partnerships in centralized public procurement." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526221687.

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Abstract This thesis increases the understanding of public-private partnerships (PPPs) by examining their development in a centralized public procurement context. The thesis discusses on how the actors in centralized public procurement participate in the development of PPPs and what drives and challenges the actors to transit from traditional transactional arm’s length tendering to partnership thinking in public procurement. The PPP research is integrated into the research stream of Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) and the interaction approach to recognize PPPs as socially constructed during the public procurement process. The triadic approach is applied to regard PPP development as dynamic and examine the relationship dynamics between the three actors of centralized public procurement. The empirical setting of the thesis rests on a qualitative case study design using two cases. It analyzes PPP development in a standardized product procurement of food and a more diversified service procurement of home nursing. The empirical data is primarily acquired through qualitative interviews, which are supported by information from written documents and seminars on procurement regulations and procedures. The thesis shows that the development of PPPs in the context of centralized public procurement is an ongoing and dynamic process, in which the three actors actively participate by initiating, building, and facilitating the development process. The thesis further finds that cooperative interaction contributes to PPP development by increasing knowledge exchange and promoting the transition from transactional procurement logic to partnering in public procurement. The procurement type and the network in which the PPP is embedded influence the process by reflecting the actors’ ways of participating in the process and how trust is built between them. The thesis further shows how relationship dynamics influence the process in the triadic setting; that is, the procurement logic of a single actor or the logic underlying the relationship of two actors engender and intensify the problems or promote the partnership thinking in the triad. The findings of this thesis aid managers to identify how they can proactively foster the development of PPPs in centralized public procurement, and identify the influence of relationship dynamics on the process
Tiivistelmä Tässä väitöskirjassa keskitytään julkisten ja yksityisten organisaatioiden välisten kumppanuussuhteiden kehittämiseen keskitetyssä julkisessa hankintakontekstissa. Tutkimus tarkastelee sitä, kuinka keskitetyn hankintakontekstin kolme eri toimijaa osallistuvat suhteen kehittämiseen ja sitä, mikä edistää ja haittaa heidän siirtymistä perinteisestä transaktionaalisesta kilpailutuksesta kohti kumppanuutta. Tutkimus yhdistää julkisten ja yksityisten organisaatioiden välistä kumppanuutta käsittelevää kirjallisuutta teollisen markkinoinnin ja ostamisen tutkimukseen sekä erityisesti vuorovaikutusnäkökulmaan, koska kumppanuus ymmärretään työssä sosiaalisena ja vuorovaikutteisena prosessina, joka kehittyy hankintaprosessissa. Työ hyödyntää myös triadia näkökulmaa kolmen toimijan välisen kumppanuuden dynamiikkojen tutkimiseksi. Tutkimuksessa toteutettiin laadullinen kahden tapauksen tapaustutkimus, jossa kumppanuuden kehittämistä analysoitiin standardoidussa ruokatuotehankinnassa ja kotihoidon palveluhankinnassa. Työn aineisto on kerätty haastatteluiden kautta, ja sitä on tuettu kirjallisten dokumenttien ja julkisen hankinnan seminaarien kautta kerätyn tiedon kautta. Tutkimuksessa esitetään, että julkisten ja yksityisten organisaatioiden välisten kumppanuussuhteiden kehittäminen keskitetyssä hankintaprosessissa on jatkuva ja dynaaminen prosessi, johon kolme toimijaa osallistuvat aktiivisesti käynnistämällä, luomalla tai tukemalla prosessia. Työssä tunnistetaan myös, että yhteistyöllinen vuorovaikutus edistää kumppanuutta lisäämällä tiedon vaihdantaa ja tukemalla toimijoiden siirtymistä perinteisestä transaktionaalisesta hankinta-logiikasta kohti kumppanuutta. Hankintatyyppi ja laajempi verkosto, johon suhde on kytkeytynyt, vaikuttavat siihen, kuinka toimijat osallistuvat kumppanuuden kehittämiseen ja kuinka luottamus siinä syntyy. Tutkimus havainnollistaa myös kumppanuuden kehittämisen dynamiikkaa triadissa suhteessa. Yhden toimijan tai kahden toimijan välisten ongelmien huomattiin synnyttävän ja voimistavan ongelmien kehittymistä kaikkien kolmen toimijan välillä ja toisin päin; yhden toimijan tai kahden toimijan välinen kumppanuus vahvistaa kumppanuutta triadissa. Tutkimus tarjoaa yritysjohdolle tietoa siitä, kuinka kumppanuutta voi vahvistaa keskitetyssä julkisessa hankinnassa ja siitä, kuinka tunnistaa prosessiin vaikuttavia dynamiikkoja

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36

Yuksek, Murat. "Legal Framework Comparison Of Public Procurement Law With State Procurement Law." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605854/index.pdf.

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This thesis makes the comparison of legal frameworks of the two Procurement Laws, the New Public Procurement Law (4734) and the Ex-State Procurement Law (2886) respectively. As a result of this comparison, it is seen that a lot of provisions starting from tender notice time limits to the awarding of contracts, have been changed substantially by the introduction of Turkish Public Procurement Law. Besides this comparison, the related procurement directive on construction works in European Community, namely EEC 93/37 is analyzed through the topics pertinent to the New Public Procurement Law, from which it is observed that there are both similar and different application regarding tender process in this directive when compared with the provisions of Turkish Public Procurement Law on construction works. This thesis study also aims to put forward the conception of Turkish contractors about the New Public Procurement Law by means of a questionnaire containing 15 questions. From the results of questionnaire, it is seen that majority of the contracting companies have a positive attitude towards the New Public Procurement Law although some provisions of the Law do not meet the expectations of the companies.

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37

Karahan, Turan Hamide. "A Web-based Public Procurement System." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605145/index.pdf.

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This study focuses on developing and implementing a web-based public procurement system. As one innovative way of enhancing public procurement, an attempt to develop and implement electronic tendering system is to be made. In designing the system, not only technological aspects but also issues related to public procurement process improvement are considered. As an analysis and design approach, object oriented methodology was chosen and UML was used. Java as a development language was preferred because the resulting system is expected to be portable. This study also puts forward propositions as to how the government should perform direct purchases to ensure that both public and private sector benefit from e-Procurement to achieve full value.

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38

Sancak, Emirhan. "Green public procurement and thermal insulation." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-19877.

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39

Klevensparr, Johan. "Public Procurement: A performance management perspective." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management (CeLS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-31104.

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Purpose - The purpose of this thesis is to explore what performance indicators that exist within public procurement in defence sector context and how such performance indicators can be categorized. Methodology - For the purpose of this thesis, an abductive approach was applied. This thesis is characterized as an exploratory multimethod qualitative research, which emphasize a single case study and a comprehensive research literature review. The empirical data was collected using semi-structured interviews, observations and documentary. The empirical data was analyzed using a data display and analysis, whereas a descriptive and content analysis was used for the research literature review. Findings - Initially, a comparison between the conducted research literature review and the empirical study resulted in 117 performance indicators were abled to be identified. Furthermore, with support from the research literature review, the empirical study and the frame of reference, categorizations of performance indicators were possible. Through research literature review, the author were able to identify eight dimensions cost, quality, time, flexibility, sustainability, innovation, risk and compliance, all of which can be aligned to public procurement. Through the empirical study, seven elements were identified as categories. These elements include business strategy and development, operations management, category management, supplier management, customer management, procurement and expert and system support, all of which with aligned performance indicators. Through the frame of reference, three decision-levels were used as categorization of performance indicators. The decision-levels could either be strategic, tactical or operational. Finally, a merger of decision-making levels and elements resulted in a conceptual model, visualizing how elements with aligning performance indicators within public procurement could be organized and structured. Research limitations - At first, this thesis uses only one database for the research literature review, limiting the search result of publications concerning the research topic of this thesis. Secondly, single cases study within the defece sector, which limits the amount of information and may prevent transferability possibilities for other public procurement organizations. Future research - From the result of this thesis, several potential research opportunities has been discovered. First, following-up and measure PIs in public procurement in order to justify the “real” compliance to rules and regulation. Another one is possible challenges with implementing PIs in public procurement organizations. Lastly, measuring process maturity in public organization would allow benchmarking possibilities among public organizations and defece sector procurement.

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40

Nekeman, Iris, Roy Straver, and Francisco Tobón. "Strategic Leadership towards Sustainable Public Procurement." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för strategisk hållbar utveckling, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16622.

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The understanding of the role of the contracting authority in public procurement is important to understand the underused potential of public procurement to contribute to the sustainable development of society. In particular, the concept of public-private cooperation was suggested to increase this potential, but not enough is known about how the interaction has to take place in order to address the behavioural factors that cause the barriers to sustainable public procurement. The results of this research showed that the leading role of the contracting authority could facilitate sustainable procurement by increasing engagement, interaction and collaboration. A strategic planning approach to support the public-private cooperation in the procurement process is needed. Based on the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development, a support for the contracting authority was designed to guide the strategic planning of the procurement process. The suggested design of Support for Strategic Sustainable Procurement was evaluated and found likely to support the contracting authority in strategically leading the public procurement process to leverage the potential of public procurement on the transition towards a sustainable society.

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41

Hernández, Diez Sandro Piero. "Notes on the Public Procurement Reform." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118412.

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The present article, the author treats some of the most relevant modifications on the new public procurement law.On that basis, he will explain us the vision that inspires this reform and the vision that this reform tries to implement on the entities that are in charge of this matter.
En el presente artículo, el autor aborda algunas de las modificaciones más relevantes en la nueva normativa de contrataciones del Estado. A partir de ello, nos explica la visión a la que apunta esta reforma y la visión que se procura implementar en las entidades encargadas de dicho rol.

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42

Distinto, Isabella. "Legal Ontologies for Public Procurement Management." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6118/1/distinto_isabella_tesi.pdf.

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The thesis explores ways to formalize the legal knowledge concerning the public procurement domain by means of ontological patterns suitable, on one hand, to support awarding authorities in conducting procurement procedures and, on the other hand, to help citizens and economic operators in accessing procurement's notices and data. Such an investigation on the making up of conceptual models for the public procurement domain, in turn, inspires and motivates a reflection on the role of legal ontologies nowadays, as in the past, retracing the steps of the ``ontological legal thinking'' from Roman Law up to now. I try, at the same time, to forecast the impact, in terms of benefits, challenges and critical issues, of the application of computational models of Law in future e-Governance scenarios.

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43

Distinto, Isabella. "Legal Ontologies for Public Procurement Management." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6118/.

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Анотація:

The thesis explores ways to formalize the legal knowledge concerning the public procurement domain by means of ontological patterns suitable, on one hand, to support awarding authorities in conducting procurement procedures and, on the other hand, to help citizens and economic operators in accessing procurement's notices and data. Such an investigation on the making up of conceptual models for the public procurement domain, in turn, inspires and motivates a reflection on the role of legal ontologies nowadays, as in the past, retracing the steps of the ``ontological legal thinking'' from Roman Law up to now. I try, at the same time, to forecast the impact, in terms of benefits, challenges and critical issues, of the application of computational models of Law in future e-Governance scenarios.

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44

Knutsen-Öy, Karolin. "Transparency in public procurement processes : a case study of a Swedish public procurement process in the consultancy market." Thesis, KTH, Entreprenörskap och Innovation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-169906.

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This thesis explores the transparency in public procurement processes in Sweden. The purpose of the thesis is to evaluate the procurement process in the case of framework agreements on consultancy services and the focus is on exploring perceptions on the procurement process from both suppliers and procurers. The thesis contributes with findings to a research area that is not well studied, and where there is a need for more research. Previous research has focused on evaluating the regulations rather than the process. The results suggest that the specific procurement process studied is perceived to work well and being transparent. There might be information asymmetries present in the process which could potentially threaten the transparency. To further improve the procurement process both suppliers and procures would like to see more room for dialogue and less focus on following the regulations to the letter.

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Johansson, Lars. "Offentligupphandling av samverkansentreprenad : Public procurement of partnering." Thesis, Karlstad University, Division for Engineering Sciences, Physics and Mathematics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-497.

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For several years there have been lots of structural changes in the construction process, discussions on how to find new ways to collaborate have been developed to avoid problems, with lack of trust, high prices, environment and quality problems.

Partnering is not a new form of contracting, only a new way for contractor, owner and designer to work together. The main benefits of this new thinking have been to change from transaction- to relationship businesses. The customer and the project are always in focus. To achieve these results there has to be total sincerity and openness from all of the project participants. Common goals with trust, reliance and openness are the main factors in making this partnership functional.

With the introduction of this new form of collaboration, discussions have been made on how partnering will be affected by public procurement. The purpose with this study is to increase my knowledge about partnering and to acquire knowledge on how partnering should be publically procured. The objective of this study is to investigate how partnering should be publically procured accordingly to the Public Procurement Act (LOU).

To achieve this goal, information retrieval and research has been done at the University library. A draft was made of already accomplished local partnering procurements, and where handed out to two owners and contractors. It was later followed up with dialogues och interviews. The owners and contractors were united in the opinion on how the drafts should be made, but there was a difference of opinion on how the draft was to be made applicable to public procurement.

The study showed that the draft was based on soft criterias, which could allow an influenced subjective judgement from the owner. The public offices have to prove open competition, fair judgement and none discrimination. Before choosing partnering as a collaboration form, the public buyer has to have a proper organisation and must be prepared for the hard work that will follow. Reference objects should be studied so that the Public Procurement Act will be followed.

Under många år har byggbranschen varit i stora strukturella förändringar och i diskussioner har det framkommit behov av att hitta nya samarbetsformer för att komma från problem med höga kostnader, brist på förtroende och andra kvalitets- och miljöproblem.

Partnering är ingen ny entreprenadform utan ett nytt sätt att samarbeta för beställare, entreprenörer och konsulter. Den stora skillnaden som partnering medför är nytänkandet som frångår de traditionella transaktionsaffär och övergår till relationsaffär med kunden med projektet i fokus. För att ett partneringsamarbete skall fungera måste samtliga aktörer tänka på ett helt nytt sätt. Detta uppnås bland annat genom att samtliga parter tillsammans arbetar fram gemensamma mål och arbetar med total öppenhet kring ekonomi, teknik, kvalitet, miljö och konflikter. Samarbetet skall vara baserat på öppenhet, förtroende och tillit. Genom att diskutera fram de bästa lösningarna för projektet skall kompetensen från samtliga aktörer lyftas fram och förhoppningsvis kommer detta att leda till en bättre produkt. Arbetssättet stimulerar alla inblandade parter och det ges utrymme för nya innovativa idéer.

Vid införandet av den nya samarbetsformen har diskussioner uppkommit om hur dessa projekt upphandlas vid offentlig upphandling. Syftet med arbetet är att ge större kännedom om hur offentlig upphandling av partnering bör genomföras. Målet med examensarbetet är att utreda hur en samverkansentreprenad bör upphandlas enligt lagen om offentlig upphandling.

För att utreda om offentlig upphandling av partnering går att tillämpa av offentliga beställare gjordes först en litteraturstudie där byggprocessen och tidigare genomförda samverkansentreprenader studerades. Utifrån den ökade kunskapsnivån kunde en anbudsförfrågan utarbetas och prövas i det lokala näringslivet genom samtal och intervjuer. Anbudsförfrågan har tagits fram utifrån referensobjekt som lokala offentliga beställare använt vid upphandling av partnering. Åsikterna från näringslivet om hur anbudsförfrågan skall vara utformad var relativt enhetliga. Däremot skiljde sig åsikterna i om förfrågan går att tillämpa vid offentlig upphandling.

Studien visar att anbudsförfrågan baseras på mjuka kriterier, vilket kan medge stor inverkan av subjektiv bedömning från beställaren. Den offentliga beställaren skall visa på sund konkurrens, rättvis bedömning samt kunna påvisa icke-diskriminering, likabehandling och proportionalitet. Innan en offentlig beställare väljer att upphandla ett partneringsamarbete bör organisationen vara väl utvecklad för ett samarbete som kräver mycket av beställaren. Referensobjekt av samma typ bör studeras och vidare utveckla bedömningsverktyg som följer LOU:s regelverk klart och tydligt.

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46

Strömbäck, Elon. "Policy by Public Procurement : Opportunities and Pitfalls." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-107988.

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In Paper [I], we theoretically assess green public procurement (GPP) as an environmental policy instrument and its ability to lead to the achievement of environmental objectives. Central to our analysis is the extent to which polluting firms choose to adapt to the public sector's environmental requirements and to invest in greener technologies. Our main finding is that the potential of GPP to function as an objective-effective instrument of environmental policy is limited and can actually be counterproductive. From an environmental policy point of view, it is crucial that GPP aims for environmental standards beyond just the technology of the polluting firms and that it is designed with reference to defined environmental objectives. In Paper [II], we use data on Swedish public procurement auctions for internal regular cleaning service contracts to provide novel empirical evidence regarding GPP and its effect on the potential suppliers' decision to submit a bid and their probability of being qualified for supplier selection. We find only a weak effect on supplier behavior, and this suggests that GPP, as used in practice, does not live up to its political expectations. However, several environmental criteria appear to be associated with increased complexity, as indicated by the reduced probability of a bid being qualified in the post-qualification process. As such, GPP appears to have limited or no potential to function as an environmental policy instrument. In Paper [III], I examine how GPP is organized in Sweden and how the potential suppliers respond to varying buyer market shares using data on Swedish public procurement auctions for internal regular cleaning service contracts. The level of GPP stringency is found to vary systematically across authority types, buyer market share, and political coalition in the relevant council or in Parliament. The results also indicate quite a substantial dispersion in GPP stringency, suggesting a low degree of coordination among contracting authorities when implementing the policy. After controlling for GPP stringency and other covariates, increased buyer market share is associated with a significant increase in the probability of potential suppliers submitting a bid. The European Commission encourages public authorities to split procurement contracts into multiple contracts in order to increase the competiveness of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). In Paper [IV], I use data from Swedish public procurement auctions for internal regular cleaning service contracts to study the effect of contract size and number of contracts on SME participation and probability of winning. The results indicate that SME participation is negatively related to both contract size and the number of contracts in the procurement. A possible interpretation is that reduced contract size in order to stimulate SME participation is counteracted by reduced incentives for them to enter into procurements with multiple contracts. Medium-sized firms are also more successful when bidding for smaller contracts relative to large firms. Nevertheless, the results indicate that the award rate for SMEs is positively correlated with the number of contracts in the procurement.
Green Public Procurement: An Efficient Environmental Policy Tool?

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47

He, Chusu. "Public procurement : award mechanisms and implementation process." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/35792.

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Анотація:

This thesis investigates the choice of award mechanism and the process of implementing the award of contracts in public procurement. Public procurement is an activity conducted by the public sector to purchase goods and services. Government spending on public procurement accounts for 10% to 25% of GDP in each country (World Bank Group, 2017). Because of its large sharing in government expenditure, public procurement can shed light on important practical policy issues, including those as investigated here: the choice of award mechanism (i.e. the process for selecting contractors); the possibility of costly delays in awarding contracts; and the concern that corruption may lead to inefficient outcomes. This thesis uses public procurement data for the UK and other EU countries plus Iceland and Norway. These countries adopt the same benchmark award mechanisms (the EU benchmark award mechanisms). The EU benchmark award mechanisms are implementations of the award mechanisms defined by the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA), which influences the award mechanism arrangement in 88 countries. There are four EU benchmark award mechanisms: the open procedure, the restricted procedure, the negotiated procedure and the competitive dialogue. Few empirical studies have investigated these EU benchmark award mechanisms. This thesis contains three independent and interrelated studies. The first study examines the choice of award mechanism in the UK, using the logit model. The results show that UK public buyers choose award mechanisms that are consistent with the theoretical suggestions. When a contract is complex, a UK public buyer is likely to employ an award mechanism that allows for greater discretion of selection. It also provides evidence that public buyer's experience is an important factor in award mechanism choice. Also based on UK data, the second study compares the decision speed of awarding a contract, using the logit model and survival analysis. It uncovers that delay in contract award is a serious issue for public procurement, as almost half of the contracts in our sample experienced delays in contract awards. The empirical results show that the negotiated procedure (which contains negotiations) is likely to be associated with a more rapid decision speed and a lower probability of delay than the restricted procedure (which does not contain negotiations). Therefore, this study casts doubt on the general expectation of practitioners that negotiation causes delays. The third study explores the relationship between discretion, corruption and competition in public procurement. Based on the revenue equivalence theorem and extensive form game, it proposes a game theory model showing that discretion fosters corruption, which in turn depresses the number of bidders and softens price competition. This is a mechanism that the procurement literature agrees but few formal models exist. The OLS estimates show a negative correlation between corruption and the number of bidders and suggest that procuring agents may disguise the impact of corruption by inflating the estimated contract value.

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48

Ridzuan, Kushairi Mohd Ramli. "An organisational approach to sustainable public procurement." Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619246.

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Анотація:

Purpose – The study aim to investigate the adoption of social and environmental objectives in public procurement. Design/ methodology/ approach – This study undertook an exploratory case study research based on the theory of bureaucracy and the theory of organisational configuration. A semi structured interview and a survey was conducted among public procurement professionals at five Ministries in Malaysia. Findings – The public procurement system were found to contain two organisational structures – The Machine Organisation and the Innovative Organisation. These structures were based on the analysis that there were two approaches to public procurement – the Compliant Approach and the Sustainable Objective Adoption Approach that respectively contained organisational structures of its own in managing public procurement. Mutual adjustment with the stakeholders was seen as a key driver in implementing sustainable objectives successfully in public procurement. Research limitations/ implications – Case studies have been viewed as controversial for the generalizability of knowledge and philosophical approaches to academia due to the low number of respondents. An in-depth study was the key direction of this study in investigating the organisation structure and relationships with the public procurement system that contained the system of administration and governance, people of the organisation, and the hierarchy of the organisation. Practical Implications – This research adds volume to practitioners and policy makers in designing public procurement policies and regulations by identifying the key areas of sustainable adoption in public procurement. Originality/ Value – The in-depth nature of this study provides a perspective into the intricacies of the public procurement system where the procurement officers were found to consolidate working with the regulations, the components of the organisation, and the hierarchies to achieve organisational objectives.

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49

Piechucka, Joanna. "Essays in competition policy and public procurement." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E013.

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Cette thèse de doctorat étudie trois questions de recherche en matière de marchés publics et de politique de la concurrence. Le premier chapitre se concentre sur une analyse microéconométrique des relations stratégiques entre d’une part l’entreprise choisie pour l’attribution d’un marché public et d’autre part l’autorité publique chargée de la régulation d’un service public. Il exploite des données sur le transport public urbain en France pour étudier les déterminants de choix réglementaires qui impactent à leur tour la rentabilité des opérateurs de transport. Le deuxième chapitre explore une évaluation ex-post d’une fusion qui a eu lieu entre deux grands groupes de transport en France (Veolia Transport et Transdev), en se concentrant sur l’existence éventuelle de gains d’efficacité dans les fusions. Enﬁn, le troisième chapitre donne un aperçu de l’impact d’une fusion lorsque les entreprises se font concurrence pour la qualité et repositionnent leurs services en analysant l’industrie hospitalière française
This PhD dissertation studies three research questions in public procurement and competition policy presented in the respective chapters and preceded by a general introduction. The first chapter focuses on a microeconometric analysis of the strategic relationships between a firm awarded a public contract and the public authority responsible for regulating a public service. It exploits data on the French urban public transport industry to study the determinants of regulatory contract choices which in turn impact the cost efficiency of transport operators. The second chapter explores an ex-post assessment of a merger which took place between two major transport groups in France (Veolia Transport and Transdev), focusing on the possible existence of merger efficiency gains. Finally, the third chapter provides insight on the impact of merger when firms compete in quality and reposition their services by analyzing the French hospital industry

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Beaudoin, Pascal. "Public procurement interaction model for IT services." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67741.

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Cette recherche est une étude de cas qui examine la relation et les attributs entre les différentes entités impliquées dans le processus d’appel d’offre publique au gouvernement du Québec. Il se concentre spécifiquement sur les services professionnels informatiques qui constituent une catégorie de dépenses élevées dans les marchés publics. En utilisant le résultat de plusieurs entretiens avec des société informatique, notre recherche nous a permis de proposer un modèle d'interaction entre les différentes entités de l'écosystème d’appel d'offres publique qui peut être utilisé pour avoir une vue holistique de l'environnement et également comme un tremplin pour des études plus approfondie de la discipline.
This paper is a case study that examines the relationship and attributes between the different entities involved in Québec’s Government public procurement process. It is focused specifically on the IT professional services which is a high spending category in public procurement. Using result from multiple interview with IT firm, our finding allowed us to propose an entity interaction model for the call for tender ecosystem that can be used to have an holistic view of the environment and also as a stepping stone for further study of the field.

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Дисертації з теми "Public procurement for innovation"

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