Дисертації з теми "Public health Thailand, Northeastern"
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1
Phuanukoonnon, Suparat. "Knowledge, belief and practice on dengue vector control : a comparison study between rural and urban communities in northeastern Thailand /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17290.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
2
Suksa-ard, Thanaphan. "Public participation in local health policy in Thailand." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Public participation (PP) has been promoted in Thailand in order to increase the level of democracy and human rights. However, progress has been slow and PP has done little to enhance either social or human rights development. In 1997, the Thai Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) launched a policy to promote PP at all levels of the MoPH's organisation, which resulted in a significant problem for Thai hospitals: identifying the procedure to promote PP and ways to ensure appropriate implementation in the hospital setting has proven to be a challenge. Therefore, this research aims to investigate major issues related " to PP in local health policy in Thailand. This research employed a sequential mixed-method strategy for the empirical investigation: beginning with quantitative and followed by qualitative methods. Both the ladder of participation and CLEAR models were used to complement each other: the ladder of participation model was used to identify the level of PP, and the CLEAR model was used to identify the factors that influenced the possibility for PP implementation. The quantitative stage used an online survey to review the current situation of PP at local level and to identify the hospitals with the highest levels of PP development for further investigation in the qualitative study. The on line survey was carried out at all Thai public hospitals (n=830) with a response rate of 33.86%. The qualitative stage used in-depth interviews with 25 key stakeholders at different levels (national level, hospital level and the public level) to explore in-depth detail about PP factors in the health policy-making process. Key findings showed that PP in local health policy development was either at a low level or underdeveloped. The meaning of PP was still unclear, as there was no generally agreed-to definition and there was a lack of clear procedures and models to guide hospitals in promoting PP. The hospitals were using a low level of PP activities, which focused on oneway communication. As a result the public still lacked power and opportunity to become involved in decision-making. Nevertheless, the stakeholders had a positive perception of PP as a useful practice to be developed for solving problems. The findings revealed five facilitating factors: law and international organisations, hospital policy, community context and social cohesion, relationships between the public and hospital, and the motivational factors for the public to engage in PP. Conversely, there were seven impeding factors: the government direction, national policy, leadership/director factors, staff perceptions and ability to promote PP, the representatives of the public, public factors and the response/feedback system.
3
Rexhepi, Mihane, and Mörnås Rebecca Ström. "Knowledge about type 2 diabetes mellitus among public health students in Thailand." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323888.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a welfare disease increasing with such a high rate that it, in popular speech, is being called epidemic. To prevent the spread of this disease, future health care workers are in need of a deeper, science-based education. Purpose: The aim of this study is to research the knowledge about T2DM regarding risk factors, nutrition, activity and foot hygiene among public health students at Thammasat University in Bangkok, Thailand. Method: A cross-sectional study was made using a questionnaire. A convenience sampling of public health students were approached and 121 decided to participate. Results: The majority of the students knew that obesity and an unhealthy diet (containing a high amount of fat, sugar and fast food) was correlated with T2DM and associated with negative outcomes of the disease. The students were uncertain or had less knowledge that smoking is a risk factor (79%). The greater part of the participants (73%) thought that people with T2DM should let their feet air dry. 74% of the respondents underestimated the amount of time that was needed to exercise per week to achieve positive results and 63% of the students were dissatisfied with their education regarding T2DM. Conclusion: Although the students overall had good knowledge about T2DM, they also showed a lot of uncertainty and insufficient knowledge in several questions. This was especially distinguished in the questions regarding activity, foot hygiene and risk factors.Bakgrund: Typ 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) är en välfärdssjukdom som ökar i så snabb takt att den i folkmun kallas för en epidemi. För att förhindra spridningen av sjukdomen behöver framtida vårdpersonal en djupare, evidensbaserad grundutbildning. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka kunskapen kring T2DM, med avseende på riskfaktorer, nutrition, aktivitet och fothygien bland studerande folkhälsovetare vid Thammasat University i Bangkok, Thailand. Metod: Ett bekvämlighetsurval på studerande folkhälsovetare gjordes, varav 121 av 136 studenter deltog. Enkäter användes i denna studie. Resultat: Majoriteten av eleverna visste att fetma och en ohälsosam kost (innehållande hög fetthalt, socker och snabbmat) var korrelerat med T2DM och associerat med negativa konsekvenser av sjukdomen. Majoriteten av studenterna visste inte att rökning var en riskfaktor (79%). Större delen av deltagarna (73%) tyckte att personer med T2DM skulle låta fötterna lufttorka. 74% av respondenterna underskattade mängden fysisk aktivitet som behövdes varje vecka för att uppnå positiva resultat och 63% av eleverna var missnöjda med sin utbildning avseende T2DM. Slutsats: Även om eleverna i allmänhet hade goda kunskaper om T2DM visade de också en hel del osäkerhet och otillräcklig kunskap i flera frågor. Detta särskilt i frågorna gällande aktivitet, fothygien och riskfaktorer.
4
Pylypa, Jennifer Jean. "Healing herbs and dangerous doctors: Local models and response to fevers in northeast Thailand." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many acute infectious diseases found in tropical countries share a set of non-specific symptoms in common, making distinctions between them difficult and diagnosis in clinical settings complex. The high prevalence of comorbidity in developing nations further adds to the difficulty of clinical diagnosis. For families living in rural communities, evaluating symptoms in the home prior to choosing a course of treatment action is even more difficult. Not only are families faced with ambiguities in symptom presentations, their decisions about how to interpret a particular illness episode are influenced by a complex combination of public health messages and ethnomedical models of illness. Furthermore, since cultural illness classifications do not necessarily correspond in a one-to-one relationship with biomedical disease categories, concerns and behaviors associated with a particular cultural illness category may have implications for many different diseases. From a health communication, education, and prevention perspective, it is therefore important to consider different diseases and illness categories not only as individual, separable entities, but also in terms of how they are interpreted and acted upon in relation to each other. In this dissertation, I provide an overview of major, acute infectious diseases found in northeast Thailand, including diarrheal diseases, acute respiratory infections, malaria, and dengue fever. I then examine cultural models and responses to these diseases in detail. I subsequently discuss a cultural illness category prominent in northeast Thailand known as khai makmai ('fruit fever'). I demonstrate how the classification of diverse illness episodes (resulting from a variety of biomedical diseases) as khai makmai, combined with cultural concerns about health practitioners' mismanagement of khai makmai, has important implications for both the treatment and prevention of various infectious diseases. I conclude by arguing for the need for more integrated, ethnomedical approaches to health education and interventions that take into account the impact of cultural models and responses for multiple infectious disease problems simultaneously.
5
Hayashi, Kanna. "Policing and public health : experiences of people who inject drugs in Bangkok, Thailand." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44847.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: In recent years, Thailand has intensified policing efforts as a strategy to address a continuing epidemic of illicit drug use. Thailand’s “war on drugs” campaign of 2003 received international criticism due to extensive human rights violations. However, few studies have since investigated the impacts of drug policing on people who inject drugs (IDU) in this setting. Drawing on the Risk Environment Framework, this dissertation sought to: explore IDUs’ lived experiences with police; identify the prevalence and correlates of experiencing beatings and drug testing by police; examine the relationship between exposures to policing and syringe sharing; and assess changes in the availability of illicit drugs among IDU in Bangkok, Thailand.
Methods: Between June 2009 and June 2012, a community-recruited sample of IDU in Bangkok participated in a serial cross-sectional mixed-methods study and completed interviewer-administered questionnaires and semi-structured in-depth interviews. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and a thematic analysis was conducted to document the character of IDUs’ encounters with police. A variety of multivariate regression techniques were used to estimate independent relationships between exposures to specific policing tactics and indicators of drug-related harm, as well as to examine a temporal trend of street-level availability of illicit drugs.
Results: Respondents’ narratives indicated that drug policing involved numerous forms of human rights infringements and negatively influenced healthcare access among IDU in Bangkok. Reports of beatings and drug testing by police were common (38% and 67%, respectively) and were independently associated with various indicators of drug-related harm, including syringe sharing and barriers to healthcare. Street-level availability of illicit drugs increased significantly between 2009 and 2011.
Conclusions: The findings indicate that the over-reliance on repressive drug
policing is not suppressing the illegal drug market and is instead contributing to police-perpetrated abuses, the perpetuation of risky injection behaviour, and an impediment to healthcare among IDU in Bangkok. These findings raise concern about the ongoing policing practices and point to the need for providing greater police oversight, as well as a shift toward more balanced approaches to drug control in this setting.
6
Laohasiriwong, Wongsa, and n/a. "Public versus private heath care provision in the northeast of Thailand." University of Canberra. Management, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050523.100911.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is a comparative study of public and private health care provision in Northeast
Thailand. It main objective is to explore the question of whether private health providers
are more efficient and effective than their public health counterparts The thesis also
examines equity concerns raised by the growth of private sector medical institutions The
study commences by describing the changes in health problems, health policies and health
care delivery in developing countries and Thailand that have led to the development and
growth of private health care. This is followed by detailed consideration of the Northeast of
Thailand including the socioeconomic context, health indicators and health delivery
systems development paying particular attention to private sector growth. The remainder of
the thesis is comprised of an empirical study of selected public and private sector hospitals
in Northeast Thailand and an analysis of the results Much of the data was collected from
questionnaires delivered to patients and staff in the study hospitals.
The major findings include roughly similar levels of patient satisfaction between public and
private hospitals; patients utilizing public hospitals often had no choice of which
institutions to use, and the average incomes of patients attending private hospitals were
above those of public hospital patients. There was undoubted inequity of access to private
sector facilities. Data gathered from hospital staff showed greater levels of satisfaction with
staffing levels and quality in private hospitals than in public ones. Salaries were more
compressed in public hospitals due to central government rules than in private hospitals
whose management was based on market considerations. However, higher salaries were
paid to skilled professionals in the private sector. Public sector hospital management was
typically bureaucratic with central government guidelines and decisions determining many
aspects of hospital organization. It was found that comparison between public and private
hospitals was complicated by the different missions and activities of institutions in the two
sectors. The thesis concludes by arguing that the mixture of public and private health care
providers has contributed to a more competitive atmosphere which has encouraged greater
concern with quality and efficiency in the delivery of health services in Thailand.
7
Saleh, Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar. "Prevalence of Neonatal Tetanus in Northeastern Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/166.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although efforts have been made towards improving the health of children across the globe with notable results, neonatal tetanus (NNT) remains a major contributor to the neonatal death rates in Nigeria. This problem calls for a concerted effort by the government to achieve the revised global NNT elimination deadline of 2015. The purpose of this cross-sectional quantitative study using secondary data was to establish the prevalence of NNT in Nigeria's northeast region and to ascertain if there was any significant difference in frequency of antenatal care (ANC), trained traditional birth attendants (TBAs), and umbilical cord treatments, using single sample proportions test and chi-squared tests of independence. The framework for this research was the theory of planned behavior. The participants (N = 312) were mothers of NNT babies. In spite a continual decline in the NNT cases between 2010 (26%) and 2013 (9%), the prevalence rate of NNT was unacceptably high at 28.815%. Also, significant differences existed as mothers who gave birth to NNT babies received significantly fewer or no ANC (p < 0.001), received significantly fewer or no attention from TBAs (p < 0.001), and reported significantly fewer incidences of proper umbilical cord treatments (p < 0.001). The chi-squared tests of independence resulted in significant differences in the frequencies of mothers who received ANC between Nigerian provinces (p < 0.001) and mothers who had their baby's umbilical cord treated (p = 0.005). This study will contribute to social change by guiding health care policy makers and immunization program managers on maternal and newborn health care services and indicate ways to build capacity of the TBAs for safe home delivery/hygienic handling of umbilical cord of newborns.
8
Terry, Crystal Keyes. "Parental Perceptions of Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Four-Year-Olds in Northeastern North Carolina." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2586.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Childhood obesity has increased due to factors such as more television time, less outside play, parents' lack of education about nutritious meals, and eating more fast food versus home cooked meals. Research has been performed on many school-aged children; however, there is a gap in research as it pertains to preschool children. Preschool age learning is when children are most receptive to habit-forming activities. The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to assess the parental perceptions of 11 preschool parents in rural Northeastern North Carolina of 4-year-old children who have been told by a health care professional that their children are overweight or obese. This qualitative study used the health belief model as its theoretical foundation. Responses were manually transcribed and uploaded into NVivo 10 software. The researcher performed horizonalization of the data to determine the themes and subthemes used for data analysis. Participants revealed that they recognized childhood obesity and overweight as an issue in their child and were knowledgeable on how to combat their child's diagnosis. As a result of this research, parents revealed that working and a lack of affordable resources played viable roles in why childhood obesity and overweight exists in their children. Parents shared that they felt safe in their neighborhoods, but acknowledged that affordability of healthy foods and other family members' impact on their child's eating habits play a role in their child's weight concerns. This study will lead to positive social change by providing local public health workers with an increased understanding of the experiences of parents of overweight and obese preschool-aged children, which may assist in stronger program development for the targeted population.
9
Boonyaprapa, Sathon. "Self-care in pregnancy and breastfeeding : views of women and community pharmacists in Thailand." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11605/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During pregnancy and breastfeeding, women are concerned about the health and safety of themselves and their baby. They undertake many activities in order to maintain good health, manage minor ailments and improve their lifestyle, including seeking help and advice from pharmacies. Community pharmacists have an important role in selecting appropriate medicines and encouraging good health behaviours. The Thai population can purchase medicines from pharmacies without a prescription, and self-treatment or self-medication is commonly used and important to the health status of Thai people. In addition, culture, family and relatives have an influence on health behaviours in Thailand. There have been very few previous studies about self-care behaviours including self-medication in Thailand focused on healthy women during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and the views of community pharmacists in self-medication and self-care during pregnancy and breastfeeding. In addition, the modern lifestyle and accessible health information might be affected by the current attitudes and behaviours of women during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Therefore, an investigation of self-care behaviours in pregnant and breastfeeding women was needed to explore their recent behaviours in terms of maintaining health and well-being as well as managing minor ailments. Views and experiences of community pharmacists about self-care in pregnancy and breastfeeding were also explored. This study contributes to the understanding of self-care behaviours and indicates the actual situation in community pharmacies regarding self-care and self-medication in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Two in-depth interviews in the Thai language were held with 43 women in Chiangmai about their self-care experiences and behaviours during pregnancy (>34-weeks gestation) and 35 out of the 43 women in the breastfeeding period (>four weeks following birth). Audio-taped interviews were transcribed, translated and analysed by using interpretative analysis. In addition, a postal questionnaire survey was used to collect data from 198 full-time community pharmacists in Chiangmai province. The first mailing was sent in April 2006 and a reminder was posted in June 2006. The completed questionnaires were returned from 110 pharmacists and the response rate was 56%. The majority of pregnant women tended to change their habits and adopt activities that they thought could make them and their babies healthy. They tried to consult their doctor rather than self-medicating. The traditional beliefs still had a very strong influence on most women interviewed during both pregnancy and postnatal period. The majority of pharmacists strongly agreed that self-care is important for both pregnant and breastfeeding women and they believed they provided good support for these women. Some pharmacists, however, still lacked the confidence to provide appropriate advice for these women and appeared to need more support with up-to-date information. Regarding the implications of this study, some self-care activities are harmful to women and their babies, so their dangers should be widely advertised in appropriate places. Furthermore, health professionals should consider a balance between safe traditional beliefs and modern health systems to ensure the best self-care practices for both women and their babies. In addition, continuing education and up-to-date information will help to increase the pharmacists’ confidence in providing appropriate advice to pregnant and breastfeeding women.
10
Young, Poungchompoo, and may01@bigpond net au. "Television and drug abuse: a cultural studies approach to Thai health communication research." RMIT University. Media & Communication, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091111.095138.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main objective of this thesis is to illustrate the benefits of using a cultural studies approach in the field of health communication research in Thailand. In this thesis I apply a cultural studies approach to examine the construction of meanings involving drug use and abuse in Thai television advertisements and dramas. The thesis has as its focus analyses of television texts and audience responses. The major arguments advanced in this thesis are that: (a) the causes of drug use and abuse are complex; (b) drug use and abuse, particularly given the 'risk culture' and 'risk society' of the post-modern world, are products of individual social and cultural contexts; (c) cultural studies assist us to better understand the cultural dimension of human behaviour, including the causes of drug use and abuse; and so (d) by adopting a cultural studies approach to the design and production of health promotion campaigns, such campaigns may be made more effective. The thesis argues that in designing health promotion campaigns, health professionals should be concerned to better understand the complexity of their audiences and the manner in which members of those audiences construct meanings and make sense of texts. Should they do so, the designers of health promotion campaigns may, thereby, develop a more sophisticated understanding of what is necessary to contribute to changing audience behaviour. This, in turn, may assist them to improve the design and effectiveness of future health promotion campaigns. The principal tool drawn from cultural studies used in this thesis is textual analysis. This research method involves making an educated guess at some of the most likely interpretations that might be made of a text. In addition, it demonstrates the complexity of the process of making media texts. The texts analysed in this study are selected from two genres of television: television advertisements and television dramas. I analyse television advertisements used in health promotion / drug prevention campaigns broadcast in Thailand in the period from 1990 to 2004 and two well known Thai television dramas entitled Kam See Than Don: KSTD (1999) and Num Poo: NP (2002).
11
Pannarunothai, Supasit. "Equity in health : the need for, and the use of, public and private health services in an urban area in Thailand." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1993. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4646511/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The 'sun-rise' industry of private health care, especially private hospitals, in Thailand throws many questions to the health policy forum. Will the growth of the private health sector reduce public health expenditure, or will it increase total expenditure on health? The focus of this study is on equity in health and health care: in a country where private expenditure dominates total health expenditure and the government lets the private health sector flourish, in this scenario, are the poor or the underprivileged the victims of this limited privatisation policy? The main research objective was to assess the equity of coverage of public and private health in an urban area in order to identify policies of promotion and regulation which would lead to an equitable and efficient health service system. The study used Phitsanulok municipal area as a model to develop policy recommendations for other urban areas. There were three main methods of data collection: general household survey, health diary plus household health interview and a one-day bed census of patients in public and private hospitals in the municipality. The first two methods employed multi-stage random sampling with clusters of 12 and 3 households, respectively, as smallest sampling units and these neighbourhood households were divided into three groups to represent each season in a year. The main findings were that inequalities in health existed among different household income, education and occupational groups, including these attributes of the education and occupational groups adjusted according to the household head. Unequal accessibility to health care seemed to affect both reported rates of illness within the past two weeks and hospitalisation during the past 12 months. Inequity of health care financing was obvious in that the underprivileged (the poor, the uninsured and underinsured) paid out of pocket as a percentage of their household income higher sums than the privileged groups. The private health sector (private clinics and private hospitals) was the major provider of health care to urban dwellers for both outpatient and inpatient services. Users of public facilities were the lower income groups and civil servants, while users of the private health sector were the higher income groups, the higher occupational groups and the younger age groups. Inpatients of private hospitals were more likely to be covered by health benefit schemes (civil servant benefit, private insurance, etc.) than inpatients of public hospitals. Information on the utilisation and financing pattern of private health services reconfirmed inequity of health care financing. It is obvious that the Thai health care system needs changes to reduce inequity in health and health care. Universal coverage is a way towards more equitable health care financing. While Thai citizens (in urban areas) have enjoyed a wide choice of health utilisation, a public competition model could be applied to the public health sector to make public services more competitive and more efficient.
12
Hast, Am. "Experiences of living with HIV/AIDS in Thailand : A qualitative study." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Vårdvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20914.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis and study is sponsored by Minor Field Study scholarship through University of Borås and is funded by SIDA (Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency). There are around half a million people living with HIV/AIDS in Thailand and it is one of Thailand’s most increasing public health diseases since 1984. There are several organizations working jointly with prevention and lifting the level of knowledge among the public and decreasing new infections.The aim of this study is to describe experiences of persons living with HIV or AIDS in Thailand. In-depth interviews was carried out and analysed with a qualitative content analysis. Six persons, three female and three male, aged between 18 to 67 years living with either HIV or AIDS participated. The informants expressed that they were enjoying life and had plans for the future despite of the infection as they felt a sense of wellbeing, had an acceptance of the infection and themselves. It was important to have support from friends and family to cope with life and that support made them feel blessed and grateful. However the informants also expressed a feeling of no self worth and that they had giving up living because of feeling isolated, stigmatized, depressed, ashamed of themselves and being a burden with a sense of guilt that made them repress themselves. The conclusion is that these aspects were interlinked but the negative dominated among these with AIDs and the positive aspects were more common among the informants living with HIV.Program: Sjuksköterskeutbildning
13
Saenyakul, Pimpanitta. "Depression Classification Among HIV–Infected Pregnant Women in Thailand." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1448031641.
Повний текст джерела
14
Samiphak, Sara. "Liver Fluke Infection and Fish Consumption in Khon Kaen, Thailand| A Case Study on Negotiating the Middle Ground between Western Science and Eastern Culture." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3640627.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research investigates why typical strategies for promoting health, prolonging life, and preventing disease do not work in many communities. I use the liver fluke infection endemic in Khon Kaen, Thailand to explore the middle ground between Western science and Eastern culture. Prior work on the O.viverrini infection in Khon Kaen, Thailand has focused almost exclusively on developing effective medical treatment for the liver fluke infection. This dissertation employs a case study designed to explore the conditions that created and perpetuate the problem in the first place. In concrete terms, I analyze how the worldviews of local villagers shape their attitudes toward life (and death), which in turn determine if they engage in the high-risk behavior – eating undercooked fish – that makes them vulnerable to the infection. My research focuses on these people in-situ over a three-month period, and includes data from participant-observation, interviews, and video-recordings. This work seeks to illuminate how people’s thinking and reasoning skills, and personal/cultural identities affect their abilities to learn and act on new health concepts. This potentially provides a window into future educational strategies in a complex world.
15
Chalermsri, Chalobol. "Understanding food choices and practices among older people in Thailand – an exploratory study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-391138.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Food choice and practice of older people is very significant for their health and well-being. Earlier studies have focused on the choices made by older people in developed countries. Therefore, this study aimed to explore food choices and practices among older people in Thailand from the perspectives of older people themselves and their caregivers. Methodology: The study was performed in Samut Sakhon, Thailand. Six Focused Group Discussions and six semi-structured interviews were conducted with older people and their caregivers. The discussions and interviews explored individual food practices and the factors influencing the type and quantity of food selected. Data were transcribed using the denaturalized and verbatim approach, and analysis followed an inductive thematic approach. Results: Both older people and caregivers shared that price and convenience were two common food choice values. Some also mentioned nutritional value as a determining factor. Older people worried about unhygienic food and food which contained chemicals or was contaminated. They were concerned about food preparation process, dirt from pollution of the locality etc. Culture affected the way old people ate with their families, and what they chose to eat. Furthermore, the national Fishery law had a negative impact upon their food selection habits. Conclusion: Older people’s food choice was the outcome from their personal mental processes that weighted, balanced, and prioritized each food choice value such as affordability, convenience, availability or nutritional benefits. To encourage healthy eating habits among older people, individual needs and opinions should be taken into consideration.
16
Fellmeth, Gracia. "Perinatal depression in refugee and labour migrant women on the Thai-Myanmar border : prevalence, risk factors and experiences." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d57fc610-dd6a-4ccd-a1c5-6d5a3a773f5d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Perinatal depression is a significant contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Left untreated, perinatal depression has severe and far-reaching consequences for women, their families and wider society. Migrant women, including labour migrants and refugees, may be particularly prone to developing perinatal depression as a result of multiple stressors associated with displacement. Despite the vast majority of global migration flows occurring within low- and middle-income countries, evidence from these regions is severely lacking. This research addresses this imbalance by examining perinatal depression in migrant women living on the Thai-Myanmar border: a resource-poor setting of political tension and socio-economic disadvantage. Aims: This research aims to review the existing evidence around perinatal depression among migrant women from low- and middle-income settings; identify an appropriate tool to detect perinatal depression in migrant women on the Thai-Myanmar border; determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, perinatal depression in this setting; explore women's experiences of perinatal depression; and develop recommendations for policy and practice. Methods: A sequential-exploratory mixed-methods design was used. The research included the following five study components: a systematic literature review; a validation study to identify a culturally-acceptable and appropriate assessment tool; a prospective cohort study of migrant women on the Thai-Myanmar border followed-up from the first trimester of pregnancy to one month post-partum; in-depth interviews with a subgroup of women with severe perinatal depression; and an informal exploration of stakeholder views. Findings: The systematic review found a wide range in prevalence of perinatal depression among migrant women and confirmed the absence of studies conducted in low-and middle-income destination countries. A total of 568 migrant women on the Thai-Myanmar border participated in the prospective cohort study, of whom 18.5% experienced moderate-severe depression and 39.8% experienced depression of any severity during the perinatal period. Almost a third (29%) of women reported suicidal ideation. Interpersonal violence (OR 4.5), experience of trauma (OR 2.4), a self-reported history of depression (OR 2.3) and perceived insufficiency of social support (OR 2.1) were significantly associated with perinatal depression. Lives of women with severe perinatal depression were characterised by difficult partner relationships, alcohol use among partners and interpersonal violence. A lack of mental health services currently limits the effective management of perinatal depression in this setting. Alongside training of health staff, primary, secondary and tertiary prevention efforts are required to effectively address perinatal depression on the Thai-Myanmar border.
17
Chamusri, Somsaowanuch. "What underpins success in a health promoting school in Northeastern Thailand? : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing at Massey University." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/817.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A Health Promoting School (HPS) approach is now widely accepted internationally, with a focus on children’s health, the school curriculum, and whole school environment. In Thailand, the health and well-being of children is a fundamental value. HPS programmes have been implemented in schools as a strategy to focus on young people’s health. A number of barriers to successful HPS have been identified. While there is international evidence to show the steps and the key factors in creating successful HPS, little is known about successful HPS in the Thai context, in particular, in Northeastern Thailand which has been classified the poorest region. Ethnographic methods were used to examine what understanding of the meaning of HPS is necessary for a successful school, and how all those involved acted from the adoption of the HPS programmes by the local school until it achieved HPS status. A rural school which was successful in a HPS programme was selected, in Mahasarakham province, Northeastern Thailand. The data were obtained through participant observation, ethnographic interviews, and ethnographic records, and data analysis took place simultaneously with data collection. In this study, Lofland’s strategy for the analysis of the structure of human interaction was used. A variety of techniques for improving and documenting the credibility of the study such as prolonged engagement, persistent observation, and triangulation were used. This research revealed that the informants’ views reflected diverse understandings of the meaning of HPS. Those views were based on their experiences of HPS which differed according to the degree of participation, different levels of knowledge about HPS, and in the roles they played in the implementation of HPS in the school. Thai culture and school ethos influenced the success of HPS. Community participation was also crucial in supporting the school’s achievement. Key factors that underpinned success are identified. Implications of the findings for the HPS programme, health professionals, the school and community are discussed.
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Prohmmo, Aree. "Child health and utilisation of health services in Northeast Thailand : socio-economic correlates and cultural explanations." Phd thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/142331.
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"HIV testing as part of routine antenatal care in Bangkok, Thailand." Tulane University, 2005.
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Background. A policy of voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) was mandated for antenatal care (ANC) facilities in Thailand in 2000. This study evaluated the VCT program in government ANC facilities in Bangkok. The goal of the study was to determine what factors motivate pregnant women to test and return for their test results, and to evaluate the relationship between testing and HIV risk perception and knowledge of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTC) Methods. This ANC clinic-based study combined 5 focus group discussions with pregnant women, 10 key informant interviews with ANC clinic staff and a cross-sectional survey of pregnant women (n = 675). Fourteen ANC facilities were randomly selected and women were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire in December 2003 Results. Percentage of participants receiving the HIV test was 98%. Of those tested, 98% planned to return to hear their test results. However, key informants revealed that, while the Thai policy is that the HIV test is voluntary, in practice the test is not voluntary and all women must test Knowledge of PMTC was low. Only 42% of women reporting knowing about medicine for PMTC and 44% reporting that they knew any method of prevention. Higher income was associated with knowing a method of PMTC (p = 0.037). Only 4% often worried about risk of HIV from their partner and 19% sometimes worried. Low perception of risk from partner was associated with education level higher than compulsory (p = 0.014) and being in their first pregnancy (p = 0.014). High perception of risk from partner was associated with being unmarried (p = 0.001), recent migration to Bangkok (p = 0.010), lower income (p = 0.040), not knowing if partner had ever tested for HIV (p = 0.033) and ever discussing the HIV test with partner (p = 0.033) Conclusions. Acceptance of the HIV test and intent to return is nearly universal and both pregnant women and ANC staff strongly support the testing program. However, women are not allowed access to ANC services without having the HIV test. Both knowledge of PMTC and HIV risk perception from partner were lowacase@tulane.edu
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"Influenza in Thailand: Status of surveillance and control, field performance of rapid testing, disease burden and cost." Tulane University, 2006.
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Background. Influenza is recognized as an important cause of illness, death, and economic losses in developed countries in temperate climates but little is known about influenza in developing tropical countries such as Thailand. Information is needed to guide national vaccine policy decisions Methods. The status of influenza surveillance, research, and vaccination in Thailand was reviewed. To describe the incidence and seasonality of influenza, between September 2003 and August 2004 all patients hospitalized with pneumonia and a sample of outpatients with influenza-like illness in a rural province was prospectively identified. Influenza infection was confirmed by cell culture, RT-PCR, serology, and a rapid influenza diagnostic test. Rapid test performance was compared to cell culture and RT-PCR. Medical record reviews, patient interviews, and national economic data were used to estimate losses due to influenza. Provincial data were extrapolated to construct national estimates of disease burden and cost Results. Vaccine distribution figures indicate that less than 1% of the population is immunized against influenza. The sensitivity and specificity of the rapid influenza test compared to viral culture was 77% and 96%, respectively. Influenza was identified in 80 (11%) of 761 pneumonia patients. The incidence of influenza pneumonia requiring hospitalization was between 18-111/100,000 population with a projected 12,575 and 75,801 hospitalizations nationwide. Children < 5 years of age and adults ≥ 60 experienced the heaviest burden. Influenza was confirmed in 252 of 1092 (23%) of ILI cases with peak activity in June-October resulting in a projected 924,478 outpatient visits nationwide. Influenza caused a projected U.S. $23.4 and $62.9 million in economic losses. The incidence of influenza was 1,420/100,000, a rate 43 fold greater than reported by the national passive surveillance system during the same period Conclusion. During 2003-04, influenza was a leading cause of severe pneumonia requiring hospitalization and an important cause of outpatient visits in Thailand. The seasonality of influenza suggests that March and April may be the most appropriate months to vaccinate. Economic losses attributable to influenza were substantial. Thailand's growing economy and effective immunization program may allow the country to consider targeted influenza vaccination to reduce the burden of diseaseacase@tulane.edu
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"Health impacts of rural-to-urban migration among young adults in thailand." Tulane University, 2013.
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Iyiola, Damilola. "An analysis of the emergency response in Northeastern Nigeria and its ability to contribute to sustained mental health care reform." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27411.
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The conflict in Northeastern Nigeria has left the region with an increasing death toll of 20,000 and has caused mass displacement of over 2.3 million(1)(2). The impacts of conflict are far reaching and has adverse consequences on the mental health of affected populations(3). Nigeria’s mental health system does not have the structure or resources to accommodate its mental health burden. Translating the emergency response in Northeastern Nigeria into sustained improved mental health care may be useful toward implementation of Nigeria’s mental health policy and nationwide mental health reform.
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how the emergency response in Northeastern Nigeria may be leveraged to contribute toward an improved mental health system. A literature review was conducted in order to review case studies of regions which have strengthened their mental health systems after and during an emergency. Additionally, best practices for mental health systems strengthening were reviewed.
Findings show that a strengthened mental health system may be achieved by the government making an early commitment to seizing the emergency response as an opportunity to reach this goal. The emergency response could adopt key strategies such as developing a local workforce and using established tools to guide service provision. Additionally, the investment of key stakeholders and a commitment toward decentralization and scaling up community-based services is recommended. Such an approach may be beneficial toward improved mental health care in Northeastern Nigeria and may be useful to Nigeria as a whole.
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Boonphadh, Piyaporn. "The perceived effects of work on health of rubber farmers in southern Thailand : a dissertation presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/766.
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This study was conducted in a rubber farming community in Southern Thailand with rubber farmers and their first-line public healthcare providers as the study informants. The study aims were to first, explore perceived effects of work exposures in rubber farming on rubber farmers’ health, second, identify decisions made in response to the effects of work exposures on health, and third, determine influencing factors on the construction of the perception and the process of decision making. Data were obtained using ethnographic research methods, underpinned by an interpretative paradigm. Unstructured interviews and participant observation were employed as the principal means of data collection. Together with the primary methods of data collection, note taking (fieldnotes, fieldwork personal journal, and photographs) and reviewing/analysing existing documents were employed. While data were being collected, initial data analysis was carried out to make sense of information gained and direct further steps of the data collection. After terminating the data collection, ethnographic data analysis suggested by Spradley (1979, 1980) was used to determine themes to meet the aims of the study. The study findings reveal that individual rubber farmers and healthcare providers construct perceptions of effects of rubber farming on rubber farmers’ health and decisions on the actions taken to manage the rubber farmers’ work-related health problems based on their own accounts of compounding factors. Among factors identified, discrepancies between health policy and its practice, coupled with the existence of a hierarchy of power-superior-inferior relationships among individual levels of health authority-emerge as the most powerful factors, inducing the emergence of other factors. Recommendations made as a result of this study draw attention mainly to the minimisation of the discrepancies between health policies and their implications, and the establishment of partnership status among authorised health agencies and between health agencies and rubber farmers in order to improve the quality of occupational safety and health services provided to the rubber farmers.
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Thongkam, Jaree. "Towards Breast Cancer Survivability Prediction Models in Thai Hospital Information Systems." Thesis, 2009. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/29496/.
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Finding suitable ways to develop models for predicting unknown data classes is a challenging
task in data mining and machine learning. The improvement of the quality of
data sets and combining AdaBoost with a weak learner is an important contribution to
the development of these prediction models.
The objectives of this thesis are to build accurate, stable and effective breast cancer survivability
prediction models using breast cancer data obtained from the Srinagarind
Hospital in Thailand. To achieve these objectives, five approaches were proposed including:
1) £-means and RELIEF to improve accuracy and stability of prediction models
generated from AdaBoost algorithms; 2) C-Support Vector Classification Filtering (CSVCF)
to identify and eliminate outliers; 3) a combination of C-SVCF and oversampling
approaches to handle both outliers and imbalanced data problems; 4) a hybrid
AdaBoost and Random Forests to build stronger prediction models; and 5) C4.5 to form
breast cancer survivability decision trees and rules. To illustrate capability, performance
and effectiveness of these approaches, extensive experimental studies have been
conducted using W E K A version 3.5.6, AdaBoost M A T L A B Toolbox, L I B S V M and
C4.5 program.
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Klankaradi, Kuephan. "Never-ending caring : the experiences of caring for a child with cerebral palsy : a thesis presented in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1395.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cerebral palsy is one of the chronic conditions which have become a serious health burden worldwide. Consequently, this health burden involves healthcare as a whole, regardless of whether the focus is on the macro or micro system. Glaserian grounded theory was employed to explore and explain the experiences of families who have a child with cerebral palsy, particularly in the Thai cultural context. Unstructured interviews and participant observations were used along the process of data collection from 15 families who have a child with cerebral palsy. Data encompassed a variety of qualitative data sources: interviews, observational field notes, personal documents, pictures, drawings, and information from a literature review. The process of data analysis was guided by Glaserian grounded theory throughout the processes of constant comparative analysis to generate a substantive theory. The substantive theory comprised three core categories: Enduring despair, culture of obligation and responsibility and living with, which were integrated into the basic social psychological process of never-ending caring. The metaphor of a waterwheel was used to depict the basic process. The substantive theory of never-ending caring for a child with cerebral palsy provided an explicit understanding of the experiences of these families in day-to-day living with, and care of, a child with cerebral palsy. It is hoped that this understanding will be a constituent of health care - particularly of people with chronic conditions, whereby the practice of healthcare professionals will improve, thus enhancing the efforts of their work to achieve the ultimate goal of improving the quality of life of children with cerebral palsy and their families.