Дисертації з теми "Public buildings Energy conservation"
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1
Pope, Bryan Christopher. "Creating a framework for the successful implementation of energy retrofit projects: a detailed case study of energy retrofits in Atlanta's Chastain Park." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43663.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper seeks to develop a framework for the successful implementation of energy retrofit projects in all settings, including those with the non-traditional structure and unique needs of some non-profit organizations. This will be accomplished using researched strategies for overcoming commonly associated challenges along with experiences gained through a real-life case study involving a multi-facility retrofit project in Atlanta's largest public park, Chastain Park. The framework includes the application of research based solutions for common challenges as well as specific strategies for the translation of collected data into an actual scope of work, methods for the collection of bids and selection of contractor(s), the importance of and methods for communicating amongst stakeholders, and the need for a dedicated project manager on site at all times.
2
Li, Ka-ming. "Energy audit for building energy conservation /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14723244.
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3
Matthews, L. J. "Energy conservation in central urban buildings." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332430.
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4
Kwok-hip, Ngan. "Building energy conservation : an overview of building energy performance in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14723098.
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5
Li, Ka-ming, and 李家明. "Energy audit for building energy conservation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253192.
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6
Wannous, Samaher. "Les économies d'énergie provoquées par la crise pétrolière de 1974 dans les bâtiments publics franciliens." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0931/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La crise pétrolière de 1974 frappe de plein fouet la consommation énergétique. Cette crise bouleverse d’abord la consommation quotidienne, les entreprises qui consomment beaucoup d’énergie (acier, automobile, … etc.), puis l’État qui voit se réduire les taxes pétrolières pour régulariser le marché public. Ainsi les citadins, surtout les parisiens, qui ont peu de ressources énergétiques doivent changer leurs habitudes de consommation. Réduire la consommation énergétique dans la construction devient une nécessité et l’État doit montrer l’exemple. Les bâtiments publics, neufs, rénovés ou restaurés servent d’exemple et illustrent les prises de position de l’État. S’occuper des économies d’énergie dans des bâtiments publics, c’est montrer l’intérêt que l’État manifeste vis-à-vis du domaine public. Le but de ce projet est de reconstituer les manières de repartir les traditions et les décisions dans la gestion énergétique et les nouveaux moyens techniques appliqués à la construction des édifices. Les résultats mettent en évidence cette problématique à travers l’étude de quelques bâtiments publics réalisés/édifiés en Île-de-France rapidement après la crise pétrolière de 1974The oil crisis of 1974 strikes quite hard the energy consumption. First of all, this crisis has disturbed the daily consumption, the companies which consume a lot of energy (steel, automobile, etc.) Then the State which reduced the oil taxes to settle the public market. The citizens, especially the Parisians who have a little reserve of energy resources may need to change their consumption habits. Reducing the energy consumption in the buildings becomes a necessity and the government has to show the example. The public, new, renewed or restored buildings, display the examples that the government wants to give of its new position. Dealing with the question of energy savings in public buildings, is also showing the governmental interest towards its public sector. See how the traditions and the decisions in the energy management and the new technical means applied to the construction of buildings are the purposes of this research, which highlights this problem and applies it to some of the public buildings realized recently after the oil crisis of 1974 in Ile-de-France
7
Steemers, Koen. "Energy in buildings : the urban context." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335894.
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Wong, Chun-hung Samuel. "Opportunities for building energy conservation in Hong Kong (residential buildings) /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1873439X.
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Silva, Gilmar Silvestre da Cruz. "Análise da Sustentabilidade Energética : um estudo do potencial de conservação da energia elétrica nos sistemas de iluminação e condicionamento de ar do IFS – Campus Lagarto." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2017. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4236.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study estimated the Energy Conservation Potential (PCE) of the lighting and air
conditioning systems of the Federal Institute of Sergipe (IFS) – Campus Lagarto. Both
systems were classified according to the Technical Regulation of Quality for the Energy
Efficiency Level of Commercial Buildings, Services and Public Buildings (RTQ-C), Inmetro
Ordinance n.º 372, of September 17, 2010. The analysis was done using the comparative
method to check the installed power and how much could be saved if efficient air conditioning
units and lamps were used instead of the current ineffective ones. With regard to the lighting
system, it was verified that the institution has 66.576 kW of installed load. The efficiency of
this system was analyzed by the method of the building activities included in the RTQ-C and
the initial hypothesis that the system was inefficient was verified. There was a great amount of
burned lamps and that many environments did not have switches to control the lighting circuit
in the place where the activities are carried out, besides the lack of natural light and the nonautomation
of the places with areas bigger than 240 m2. This made, after checking the
requirements, the building receives the C classification. It was simulated the replacement of
the fluorescent lamps by LED and found a significant energy conservation potential of
39.90% and it was found enough to completely illuminate the whole building spending only
1.01% more energy than is currently spent with the working lamps. Regarding the air
conditioning system, the building has a total of 2.5665 million of BTU/h (752.166 kW or
213.875 TR), implying 271.048 kW of installed power connected to the electric grid. All airconditioned
environments in the FIS - Campus Lagarto were evaluated and 91 units were
found, distributed in three types: window, split floor -ceiling and split Hi-wall. Of this total, 73
equipment’s are of classification level D, being this also the general conjuncture of the
system. When calculating the energy conservation potential, it reached 29.30%, and in some
equipment, simple replacement can generate savings of 53.06%. Regarding the emissions
from the acquisition of electric energy in the period from 2010 to 2015, the FIS - Campus
Lagarto registered the consumption of 1.38 MWh of electricity, incurring 142.181 tCO2 of
emissions. It was identified 106 trees planted in the institution, being the minimum
quantitative recommended for the neutralization of these of 1655 trees. If FIS - Campus
Lagarto wanted to use the carbon credits market to do so, it would have to pay the sum of R$
2872.44. It is therefore recommended that the institution conduct a complete inventory of its
GHG emissions and plant a forest or forest reserve outside the Campus to neutralize its
emissions and use it for research and/or scientific studies. It is also suggested to the school
that creates a permanent Environmental Education Project aimed at reducing waste in the
consumption of electric energy and adoption of environmentally sustainable practices.A presente pesquisa estimou o Potencial de Conservação de Energia (PCE) dos sistemas de iluminação e condicionamento de ar do Instituto Federal de Sergipe (IFS) – Campus Lagarto. Ambos foram classificados de acordo com o Regulamento Técnico da Qualidade para o Nível de Eficiência Energética de Edifícios Comerciais, de Serviços e Públicos (RTQ-C), Portaria Inmetro n.º 372, de 17 de setembro de 2010. A análise foi feita utilizando-se o método comparativo para verificar a potência instalada e o quanto poderia ser economizado se fossem utilizadas unidades condicionadoras de ar e lâmpadas eficientes no lugar das atuais ineficazes. No que diz respeito ao sistema de iluminação, constatou-se que a instituição possui 66,576 kW de carga instalada. Analisou-se a sua eficiência pelo método das atividades do edifício constantes no RTQ-C e comprovou-se a hipótese inicial de que o mesmo está ineficiente. Verificou-se uma grande quantidade de lâmpadas queimadas e que muitos ambientes não possuíam interruptores para comandar o circuito de iluminação no local onde são realizadas as atividades, além do não aproveitamento da iluminação natural e da não automatização dos locais com áreas maiores que 240 m2. Isto fez, após a verificação dos requisitos, a edificação receber a classificação C. Foi simulada a substituição das lâmpadas fluorescentes por LED e encontrou-se um significativo potencial de conservação de energia de 39,90% e que se constatou suficiente para iluminar completamente todo o prédio gastando apenas 1,01% mais energia do que atualmente é despendido com as lâmpadas operantes. Quanto ao sistema de condicionamento de ar a edificação possui um total de 2,5665 milhões de BTU/h (752,166 kW ou 213,875 TR), implicando em 271,048 kW de potência instalada conectada à rede elétrica. Foram avaliados todos os ambientes climatizados no IFS - Campus Lagarto e encontradas 91 unidades, distribuídas em três tipos: janela, split piso-teto e split Hi-wall. Desse total, 73 equipamentos são de nível de classificação D, sendo esta também a conjuntura geral do sistema. Ao se calcular o potencial de conservação de energia, chegou-se ao número de 29,30%, sendo que, em alguns equipamentos, a simples substituição pode gerar economia de 53,06%. Já em relação às emissões oriundas da aquisição de energia elétrica no período de 2010 a 2015, o IFS – Campus Lagarto registrou o consumo de 1,38 MWh de energia elétrica no intervalo de tempo considerado, incorrendo em 142,181 tCO2 de emissões. Foram identificadas 106 árvores plantadas na instituição, sendo o quantitativo mínimo recomendável para a neutralização destas de 1.655 árvores. Caso o IFS – Campus Lagarto desejasse utilizar o mercado de créditos de carbono para tal, despenderia a quantia de R$ 2.872,44. Recomendase, portanto, que a instituição realize um inventário completo das suas emissões de GEEs e plante um bosque ou uma reserva florestal fora do Campus a fim de neutralizar as suas emissões e utilizá-lo em pesquisas e/ou estudos científicos. Também é sugerido ao estabelecimento de ensino que crie um Projeto de Educação Ambiental local e permanente visando à redução do desperdício no consumo de energia elétrica e adoção de práticas ambientalmente sustentáveis.
10
Barakat, Magdi H. "Computation of indoor airflow for thermal comfort in residential buildings." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23308.
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Fore, Elizabeth K. "An analysis regarding energy efficiency in metro Atlanta's private office buildings." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29663.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M. S.)--Building Construction, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Kathy Roper; Committee Member: Daniel Castro-Lacouture; Committee Member: Linda Thomas-Mobley. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
12
Ngan, Kwok-hip, and 顔國協. "Building energy conservation: an overview of building energy performance in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253234.
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13
Howell, P. J. L. "Modelling the thermal performance of intensive pig buildings." Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356233.
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14
Wong, Chun-hung Samuel, and 黃俊雄. "Opportunities for building energy conservation in Hong Kong (residential buildings)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253891.
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Sullivan, Gregory Patrick. "Energy conservation and thermal comfort in buildings in northern Pakistan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70254.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-159).
The Hunza Valley, a remote area of mountainous northern Pakistan, is undergoing rapid change culturally, socially, and architecturally. Many of these changes are linked to the exchange of information and commerce facilitated by the Karakoram Highway. This highway, completed in 1974, has allowed a culture and lifestyle dating back many of hundreds of years to be influenced by lower Pakistan and western cultures. Architecturally, these changes have led to the use of new, non-traditional, building material (concrete block and window glass) and new building designs which are climatically inappropriate and more consistent with the mild climate of lower Pakistan. This study examines these changes from an energy perspective in the homes and schools in and around Karimabad, a central village in the Hunza Valley. To assess baseline energy consumption, recorded indoor and outdoor temperature data for three homes and two schools were analyzed. These data were used with a steady state energy model to assess and compare energy consumption of a traditional and a modem home and assess energy conservation measures and design changes. The results showed a 30 percent reduction in heat loss in the traditional home compared to the modem home. This reduction is mostly due to the higher wall and roof thermal resistance values of the traditional home. Further insulation of the walls in both home types is recommended. In the case of the modem homes adding R-5 of rigid foam insulation is estimated to reduce heat loss by 46 percent, over the base case modem home, with a simple payback of 3.8 years. The use of windows is recommended on the south facing facade netting a simple payback of 3.9 years and the use of buried walls (into the north slope) and shared walls (cluster housing) were each estimated to save 17 percent over the standard modem home. Indigenous insulations were researched for use in homes and schools. Sawdust and straw were found to be the most practical and were used with a gluebinder to make 1.5"x 15"x 25" panels. These panels were tested in a flat screen thermal conductivity tester specifically built and calibrated for this study. The measured thermal resistance values were R-2.89/inch (+ /- 9.7 %) for the ...
by Gregory Patrick Sullivan.
M.S.
16
Chan, Wai-chung Christopher. "The effects of building envelope and orientation on energy conservation in commercial buildings in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14751021.
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Lai, Hung-kit. "Energy conservation in building services in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13813596.
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Rothbauer, Scott Joseph. "Facility energy survey." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002rothbauers.pdf.
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Zhang, Yi. "Xi'an Muslim Quarter opportunities and challenges for public participation in historic conservation /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42188908.
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Maina, Mary Wairimu. "Human experiences affecting governance in energy-efficient buildings in Cape Town's central business district." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1319.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MTech (Informatics and Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011Typically the design of interior environments in the commercial spaces are conceptualised and built to create artificial environments. These environments fail to take into account the amounts of energy used to perpetuate the conditions in the spaces used.The main area of misuse lies in the usage of the interior environmental systems by occupants, which contributes to the inefficiency of these components.
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Örn, Tomas. "Energy efficiency in heritage buildings : Conservation approaches and their impact on energy efficiency measures." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-68405.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The impeding climate change challenge urges for a reduction of energy use in the built environment. Buildings account for nearly 40% of the total energy use and about 35% of the greenhouse gas emissions in Europe. EU member states are required to improve the energy efficiency of the existing building stock, for example by sharpening building regulations and developing enforcement schemes. Since energy efficiency retrofits can affect irreplaceable values in heritage buildings, heritage buildings are often excluded from mandatory demands aiming at reducing the energy use in buildings. However, saving energy have gradually become embraced by the conservation community and heritage buildings with are seen as part of the solution. This licentiate thesis discusses the methods to identify heritage significance in a building and how the underlying theory determines different scenarios in a energy retrofitting process. The choice of conservation theory and conservation approach will affect the success the energy retrofitting process and determine how much the energy use that can be reduced. This thesis therefore suggests a framework to understand the different interpretation of the impacts that one could exert either by having an Objectivistic or Relative conservation value approach.. Based on this framework, a decision-support tool is developed to further detail the impacts of such approaches for different energy measures. Other results show that a majority of reviewed research publications focused on the operational energy in a building and only a few were concerned with energy use over the entire life- cycle of a building. These analyses are used to evaluate where most energy savings can be made, and often pinpoint weak spots in the building’s envelope or technical system. If it was mentioned at all, the influence of cultural and historical factors on energy efficiency measures as applied to heritage buildings tended to be assessed only briefly. Indeed, the majority does not describe conservation principles or even mention the methodology used – if any – for assessing or defining heritage values. Instead, researchers often show an explicit (sometimes an implicit) understanding of conservation as essentially something that is not destructive of original construction material and hence the authenticity of a building. This licentiate thesis is a compilation thesis, consisting of one separate sub-study, one literature review and an extended cover essay. The study is oriented towards a Swedish and European context, especially when it comes to climate conditions and discussions on building regulations and the theory and practice of architectural conservation. It addresses the growing research field of energy efficiency in heritage buildings and the thesis aims to contribute to an increased understanding on how the process of assessment and evaluation of heritage significance in buildings affects the making of heritage buildings more energy efficient. The main research question is: How do different approaches for assessing and evaluating heritage significance in buildings affect possible technical energy saving measures in heritage buildings?Klimatförändringarna driver utvecklingen mot att energianvändningen i den byggda miljön behöver minska. Byggnader står för nästan 40% av den totala energianvändningen och cirka 35% av utsläppen av växthusgaser i Europa. EUs medlemsländer är bundna att förbättra energieffektiviteten hos befintliga byggnader, till exempel genom att skärpa byggreglerna och utveckla handlingsplaner. Eftersom energieffektiviseringar kan påverka värden i kulturhurhistoriska byggnader, är dessa ofta undantagna från krav som syftar till att minska energianvändningen i byggnader. Energibesparing och resurshushållning har gradvis blivit omfamnad av kulturmiljösektorn och kulturhistoriska byggnader betraktas allt mer som en del av lösningen på klimatförändringarna. I licentiatavhandlingen diskuteras metoderna för att identifiera kulturhistoriska värden i en byggnad och hur den underliggande teorin påverkar olika scenarier i en energieffektiviseringprocess. Valet av bevarandeteori och bevarandestrategi påverkar framgångsfaktorn i energieffektivseringen och hur mycket energianvändningen i en kulturhistorisk byggnad kan minskas. I denna avhandling föreslås därför ett teoretiskt ramverk för att förstå effekterna av de olika kulturhistoriska bedömningar som kan göras, antingen genom att använda ett objektivistiskt eller en relativ syn på hur en en byggnads kulturhistoriska värden skapas och bäst bevaras. Utifrån detta teoretiska ramverk har ett stöd för beslutsfattande utvecklats för att ytterligare beskriva effekterna av de olika bevarandestrategiernas påverkan på implementeringen av olika energieffektiviserande åtgärder. Andra resultat visar att en majoritet av de granskade forskningspublikationerna fokuserade på den operativa energin i en byggnad och bara ett fåtal gällde energianvändning under hela livscykeln i en byggnad. Dessa analyser används för att utvärdera var de flesta energibesparingar kan göras och ofta identifiera svaga punkter i byggnadens klimatskal eller tekniska system. Om det nämndes alls tenderade inflytandet av kulturella och historiska faktorer på energieffektivitetsåtgärder som tillämpas på arvsbyggnader endast att bedömas kortfattat. Faktum är att majoriteten av de genomgångna publikationerna inte beskriver bevarandeprinciper och inte nämner den metod som används för att bedöma eller definiera kulturhistoriska värden. Istället används ofta en explicit (ibland en implicit) förståelse för bevarande som i huvudsak något som inte förstör ursprungligt material och därmed autenticitet i en byggnad. Denna licentiatavhandling består av en separat undersökning, en litteraturöversikt och en utökad kappa. Studien är inriktad på ett svenskt och europeiskt sammanhang, särskilt när det gäller klimatförhållanden och diskussioner om byggregler och teori och praktik för kulturhistoriskt bevarande av byggnader. Den är en del av det växande forskningsområdet energieffektivisering i kulturhistoriska byggnader och avhandlingen syftar till att bidra till en ökad förståelse för hur utvärderingen av kulturhistoriska värden i byggnader påverkar arbetet med att göra dem mer energieffektiva. Huvudforskningsfrågan är: Hur påverkar olika metoder för bedömning och utvärdering av kulturhistoriska värden energibesparande åtgärder i kulturhistoriska byggnader?
22
Shabo, Daniel Joseph. "Evaluation of operating parameters for chillers, cooling towers, and air-handlers in a large commercial building." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17848.
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Shetye, Harshad Prakash. "Energy audits of state buildings in Alabama." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2006. http://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2006m/shetye.pdf.
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Al-Naimi, Ibrahim Mubarak. "The potential for energy conservation in residential buildings in Dammam Region, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/316.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The rapid housing and building development in the Dammam region of Saudi Arabia has transformed the region into a progressive urban area. The contemporary buildings which have spread all over the region in a short period have failed to provide acceptable comfort conditions inside the house, leading to the widespread use of mechanical cooling systems. The combination of poor thermal design and the rise in electricity prices has resulted in high annual fuel bills for running the air conditioning systems. This study investigates the potential for energy conservation in residential buildings in Dammam region. It aims to identify the problem of high energy consumption in contemporary buildings and to study the relationship between the energy used and the thermal performance of the building. This study reviews the socio-economic characteristics of Dammam region's inhabitants and the traditional and contemporary building materials cooling systems used in the region. It also presents a survey analysis of 500 houses and provides a thermal comparison and assessment of six case study houses. A computer model has been developed and validated by the author to predict the annual amount of energy used in cooling the house. This model has been used to. predict the various energy savings that can be achieved by modifying the building envelope • elements and using lower U-values. Finally, some recommendations have been derived from the analysis.
25
Wagoner, Jared Wesley. "Performance Evaluation of PCM-in-Walls of Residential Buildings for Energy Conservation." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2636.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Phase Change Materials have been the subject of increased research in modern times. Phase Change Materials, abbreviated as PCMs, are being used in a variety of applications in the energy conservation world. In this study, the effect of PCMs on a residential building’s energy consumption was evaluated at different locations across the United States and compared to the standard building at the same locations. An average American residential building was designed and modeled in SketchUp software. The building was evaluated for energy consumption at different locations across the United States using weather data for each chosen location. After the baseline results were collected, the building was re-evaluated, under the same conditions, with a Heptadecane embedded in the exterior walls as the chosen PCM for this study. The results of this study show that Phase Change Materials have a wide-ranging effect on the energy consumption of the designed building. Addition of the PCM to the building walls decreased total energy usage, over the course of a year, by 3.02 – 6.72%, depending on the location.
26
Kwok, Hok-sum, and 郭學深. "The implementation of energy efficient strategies in Hong Kong buildings." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254925.
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Lee, Kwun-hang, and 李冠恒. "Energy labeling of residential buildings in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43784008.
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Hurbissoon, Roneesh Mehta. "Constructability effects of green buildings." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1379.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Earth's health is deteriorating and will deteriorate even more rapidly unless people adopt eco-friendly policies. Green building has long been a concept but it has not yet been universally applied in practice. The concept of sustainability emerged in the 1970s and can be associated with the energy crisis and environmental pollution concerns. This research is aimed at investigating whether building “green” is more demanding than non-green buildings in terms of cost and the use of green materials against traditional materials; whether professionals in the construction industry are knowledgeable in terms of green buildings; and lastly, to determine whether green buildings are contributing significantly to the environment. The literature reviewed and results of quantitative research amongst professionals from the Island of Mauritius formed the basis of the study. The study revealed that green building is expensive relative to traditional buildings considering. However, the concepts employed (for example: lower energy use, less waste disposal, lower water usage, and sustainable design) provide green buildings with long term savings. Furthermore, the scarcity of natural materials makes it expensive. The study also showed that contractors and professionals have a preference for traditional materials over green materials thus making them more familiar with traditional materials. Contractors and professionals are believed to understand green materials only on a limited basis. This may be attributed to the specific environmental issues involved; however, the research revealed that the professionals are familiar with the basic concepts of green buildings. Lastly, the research showed that green building is still at its infancy but the benefits of green buildings are understood; resulting in green buildings having a good growth potential. The study should be valuable to construction industry professional and clients.
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朱耀昌 and Yiu-cheong Chu. "Application of energy saving systems in Hong Kong buildings." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255188.
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Crowley, Kieran. "Energy mapping of public buildings : A study at Älvkarlebyhus." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23697.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this report is to identify all energy systems in the Skutskärs Vårdcentral and Folktandvården building, Centralgatan 12 building and the Library building to be studied in this report and carry out an investigation on whether the energy systems efficiency may be increased by improving on the elements or factors that affect the energy systems. A model of the buildings energy systems were created in Microsoft excels using the steady state method and modifying it to calculate an average heating session. Average monthly temperatures calculated over a thirty year period were used to calculate heat loss due to transmittance, infiltration and ventilation. Internal heat gains and losses were included in this model. Where calculation for heat gains or losses was to complex or the required data was not available rule of thumb was used. Once results were gained it was seen that the greatest area of loss of heat was from the building structure by transmittance of heat through the materials. An investigation was carried out to reduce the heat loss due to transmittance. Both solution involved adding insulation to the wall and top ceiling in both solution the insulation level was varied to show how much energy could be saved by varying the thickness of insulation. It was found in both solution that the energy saving ranged from 9% to 13%. Go to section 4.6 for details in improvements. Unfortunately quotes for material and labour for each method could not be obtained and without quotes a recommendation to which to invest in cannot be given. The Älvkarlebyhus management should use the areas of the external wall and ceiling area provided in appendix A to obtain quotes from respected companies in Sweden. The areas in appendix A should be double checked before looking for quotes to ensure accuracy in obtaining quotes. This was tried by the author but failed for the following reasons: Companies would not respond to e-mails Also when searching for Swedish companies online there web site was in Swedish and no English option to read the material on the site was available. Meaning the author could not gain the required information needed to calculate cost. The third solution involved lowering the internal temperature of the building. When the internal temperature was lowered to 17°C and 15°C reduction in energy usage by 10.95% and 16.82% was seen respectively. No other area where improvements could be carried out for the following reasons: The heat pump combined with the district heating and the use of heat recovery devices makes the energy system providing heat for hot water and the heating system highly efficient. There are no improvement worth the financial cost and the interruption to the occupants of the buildings. On Visual inspection the equipment was maintained to a high standard avoiding the need to create a maintenance schedule. Insulation on pipes and ducts coming and going from plant rooms to the building were to a high standard. No repairs or improves are needed. The lighting system is an area where energy can be reduced to justify the cost of installing more energy efficient lights and better controls. An experienced person should investigate this as it requires specify knowledge and experience to select the suitable lighting system to reduce cost. Implementing lights with the wrong controls system can cause poor lighting levels in the building and health problems such as headaches for the occupants. It may also increase the energy consumption of the building if the wrong lighting fixtures and controls were selected. A cheap and easily technique to implement would to advice the occupants of the building to turn off equipment and lights when are not needed. Hanging signs by exits of room as a reminder. This seems obvious but as the author carried out a visual inspection of the buildings concerned in this report it was noted that lights were left on in areas no one was to be seen. The same was seen for equipment such as computers. The insulation levels for the walls and ceiling should be increased to improve heat loss due to transmittance. Improving insulation would also decrease the heat loss due to infiltration. There is no reliable way of calculating the percentage of reduction as using the results from a pressure test is the only reliable way of calculating heat loss from infiltration once the improvements have been carried out. Also to compare before and after the improvements a pressure test would have to be done before any improvements are carried out to make an accurate comparison. The buildings in this report relies heavily on electricity for providing lighting, heating and ventilation. For this reasons it is recommended that a feasibility study be carried whether PV solar panels or wind turbines could produce electricity for the buildings studied in this report. The advantages and disadvantages of PV panels and wind turbines are covered in the conclusion section of this report. Älvkarlebyhus can be proud that the building in this thesis releases no CO2 or other harmful greenhouse gases as the greenhouses gases released from the production of the district heating system and electricity suppliers are taken into account by the suppliers of these energy sources. Making them an environmentally friendly building.
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Pok, Yuk-fu. "Building energy conservation and the environment in Hong Kong : a case study of glazing wall office building /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19945929.
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Kwan, Pui-man, and 關佩文. "Building energy conservation and environmental assessment for office buildings in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45008097.
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Richardson, Matthew James. "Synergies in heating and cooling : a theoretical analysis of two ways of saving energy in buildings." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611584.
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Rysanek, Adam. "A method for deep building retrofit decision-making using sequential models." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648419.
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Kumirai, Tichaona. "Energy efficiency interventions for residential buildings in Bloemfontein using passive energy techniques." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/124.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M. Tech. (Mech. Eng.)) -- Central University of Technology, Free state, 2010The purpose of this research is to minimize the use of active systems in providing thermal comfort in single-family detached, middle to high income residential buildings in Bloemfontein. The typical case study house was selected according to the criteria as reviewed by Mathews et al., (1999). Measurements were taken for seven days (18 – 24 May 2009). The measurements were carried out in the winter period for Bloemfontein, South Africa. Ecolog TH1, humidity and temperature data logger was used in doing the measurements. These measurements included indoor temperatures and indoor relative humidity. Temperature swings of 8.43 ºC and thermal lag of 1 hour were observed. For the period of seven days (168 hours), the house was thermally comfortable for 84 hours. Thermal analysis for the base case house was done using Ecotect™ (building analysis software) and the simulated results were compared with the measured results. A mean bias error (MBE) of between 10.3% ≤≤11.5% was obtained on the initial calibration. The final calibration of the model yielded error between0.364% ≤≤0.365%. The final calibration model which presented a small error was adopted as the base case. Passive strategies were incorporated to the Ecotect™ model (final calibrated model) singly and in combination; then both thermal and space load simulations were obtained and compared to simulations from the original situation (base case) for assessing improvements in terms of thermal comfort and heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) energy consumption. Annual HVAC electricity savings of up to 55.2 % were obtained from incorporating passive strategies in combination. Incorporating passive strategies resulted in small improvements in thermal comfort.
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Dimond, Stephen Hugh. "An investigation into the profitability of energy management in office buildings." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27694.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines the costs and benefits of energy management in office buildings and investigates the relationships between operating costs, space lease contracts, and building value.
Energy Management by building owners and managers begins with monitoring and analysing building energy use and continues by reducing energy consumption through operating procedure changes, equipment replacement and control, personnel training, and continued monitoring. The cost to complete energy management projects in 12 office buildings is analysed. The average, before tax, internal rate of return for the 12 energy management programs was 22.1%, on total expenditures of roughly $1,200,000.
Nine of the office buildings are publicly owned and occupied by the provincial government of B.C. The return on the investments in these buildings directly benefits the citizens of B.C. However, in the three privately owned and tenant occupied buildings, the owners have a less direct method of receiving the benefits due to net lease contracts with tenants, under which the tenants pay the energy costs and would normally receive the energy cost savings. If only the energy cost savings in vacant areas acrue to the owner, the after tax returns to the owner from the investments in energy management for the three privately owned buildings are all negative.
However, because building value is determined by the net income of a property, and net income is dependent on revenues and operating costs, a statistical analysis of revenues and costs was completed on a 140 building sample of office buildings in the Vancouver, B.C. metropolitan area. The results of that analysis provided support for the hypothesis that energy cost reductions could result in increased lease revenues at the time of lease expiries because tenants are concerned primarily about the total space cost, not the lease payment to the owner. In that case, the returns to the building owners were significantly improved, were all positive, and were as great as 80%.Business, Sauder School of
Real Estate Division
Graduate
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Saporito, Antonino. "A multi-parameter study into the heating energy consumption of commercial and institutional buildings." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312655.
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Panayiotou, Gregoris. "Thermal performance of dwellings in Cyprus and approaches for energy conservation." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Energy has always been the dominant driving force for the socio-economic development of mankind. Nowadays, the global energy system is highly depended on fossil fuels. A great share of the final energy consumption, over 40%, in the EU-27 is consumed by the existing building stock whereas dwellings account for 66.62% of this. Thus, the need to increase the energy performance of dwellings is an important instrument in the efforts to lessen Europe’s energy dependency. In order to define measures to increase the energy performance of dwellings a deeper understanding of their characteristics should be gained. Unfortunately, in Cyprus there is a gap in knowledge on this aspect. In this thesis the characteristics of the dwellings in Cyprus are defined through a sample of 500 dwellings. The results revealed that more than 80% of dwellings in Cyprus do not have thermal insulation installed on their envelope. From this it is clear that the definition of the optimum thermal insulation material to be applied in dwellings is very important. Thus, the commercially available thermal insulation materials and topologies used in Cyprus were reviewed and defined through a market survey and the typical dwelling was modelled. The effect of the application of thermal insulation to its energy behaviour was simulated using TRNSYS. This resulted in the definition of the optimum thermal insulation materials and topologies to be applied in both new and existing dwellings. Accordingly, the application of advanced commercially available materials such as Phase Change Materials (PCM) to the envelope of the typical dwelling was investigated. The energy savings achieved by the addition of a PCM layer on the envelope of the typical dwelling was found to be 28.6%. The optimum PCM case was also combined with the optimum thermal insulation combination and an energy saving of 68% was predicted. The incorporation of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to the typical dwelling was also simulated and studied. Specifically, two types of standalone RES systems were initially evaluated; a solely photovoltaic (PV) system and a hybrid PV-Wind system. The results showed that the solely PV system is a much better option due to the very high solar potential of Cyprus in comparison to the poor wind profile of the island. Subsequently, a grid-connected PV system was also evaluated and the results showed that when a RES system is grid-connected the cost of the system is reduced to half of that of the standalone cases. This research has revealed that the optimum topology combinations to be applied in both new and existing dwellings in Cyprus is thermal insulation plaster or thermal insulation bricks (only for new dwellings) on the external walls combined with expanded polystyrene on the roof. These results will provide valuable information that will assist both engineers and architects in the efficient design of dwellings in Cyprus. The investigation of the application of macroencapsulated PCM showed that these materials are not yet an economically viable solution for application in Cyprus The findings also show that a solely PV system is the optimum RES system to be applied in Cyprus especially when it is grid-connected. The findings of this project are useful for individuals, house builders and designers as well as policy makers for the design of energy saving subsidy schemes.
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Serghides, D. "Zero energy for the Cyprus house." n.p, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Wright, Andrew John. "The development and use of a model for investigating the thermal behaviour of industrial buildings." Thesis, Open University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284684.
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Treloar, Graham J., and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au wildol@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "Energy analysis of the construction of office buildings." Deakin University. School of Architecture and Building, 1994. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040617.170806.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Buildings have a significant impact on the environment due to the energy required for the manufacture of construction materials. The method of assessing the energy embodied in a product is known as energy analysis. Detailed office building embodied energy case studies are very rare. However, there is evidence to suggest that the energy requirements for the construction phase of commercial buildings, including the energy embodied in materials, is a significant component of the life cycle energy requirements.
This thesis sets out to examine the current state of energy analysis, determine the national average energy intensities <
i.e. embodied energy rates <
for building materials and assess the significance of using national average energy intensities for the energy analysis of a case study office building. Likely ranges of variation in the building material embodied energy rates from the national averages are estimated and the resulting distribution for total embodied energy in the case study building simulated.
Strategies for improving the energy analysis methods and data are suggested. Detailed energy analysis is shown to be a useful indicative method of quantifying the energy required for the construction of buildings.
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Tsave, A. "Energy performance regulations and methodologies of energy saving in office buildings in southern Europe." Thesis, Brunel University, 2009. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/3281.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Directive 2002/91/EC of the European Parliament and Council on energy performance of buildings entered into force on 4th January 2003, setting the minimum requirements of energy performance. All Member States had to incorporate the requirements of the new directive in national legislation by January 2006 and build up relevant systems and measures to transpose and implement these requirements. The stage of Directive’s implementation in the countries of Southern Europe is reported because of the similar climatic conditions and the geographical location for a future enforcement in Greece, as the building code in Greece is still under development. As energy use in buildings accounts for about 40% of the final energy demand in the European Union, the application of building standards can achieve a reduction in electric energy consumption and therefore an increase in energy performance of buildings. A record of the electric energy consumption of office buildings in the four Prefectures of Crete is implemented aiming at a future energy saving, which may be obtained by either through increased efficiency or by reducing electric energy consumption.
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Lau, Man-bun Barry, and 劉文彬. "Energy technology options and strategies related to environmental concerns for buildings in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253763.
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Hamdy, I. F. "Architectural approach to the energy performance of buildings in a hot-dry climate with special reference to Egypt." Thesis, University of Bath, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373396.
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Cano, Jorge C. "Effective energy conservation and management in the building sector : the answer to the energy predicament." FIU Digital Commons, 1985. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1995.
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Modern civilization has developed principally through man's harnessing of forces. For centuries man had to rely on wind, water and animal force as principal sources of power. The advent of the industrial revolution, electrification and the development of new technologies led to the application of wood, coal, gas, petroleum, and uranium to fuel new industries, produce goods and means of transportation, and generate the electrical energy which has become such an integral part of our lives.
The geometric growth in energy consumption, coupled with the world's unrestricted growth in population, has caused a disproportionate use of these limited natural resources. The resulting energy predicament could have serious consequences within the next half century unless we commit ourselves to the philosophy of effective energy conservation and management.
National legislation, along with the initiative of private industry and growing interest in the private sector has played a major role in stimulating the adoption of energy-conserving laws, technologies, measures, and practices. It is a matter of serious concern in the United States, where ninety-five percent of the commercial and industrial facilities which will be standing in the year 2000 - many in need of retrofit - are currently in place.
To conserve energy, it is crucial to first understand how a facility consumes energy, how its users' needs are met, and how all internal and external elements interrelate. To this purpose, the major thrust of this report will be to emphasize the need to develop an energy conservation plan that incorporates energy auditing and surveying techniques. Numerous energy-saving measures and practices will be presented ranging from simple no-cost opportunities to capital intensive investments.
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Heiple, Shem C. "Using Building Energy Simulation and Geospatial Modeling Techniques in Determine High Resolution Building Sector Energy Consumption Profiles." PDXScholar, 2007. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3399.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A technique is presented for estimating hourly and seasonal energy consumption profiles in the building sector at spatial scales down to the individual taxlot or parcel. The method combines annual building energy simulations for cityspecific prototypical buildings and commonly available geospatial data in a Geographical Information System (GIS) framework. Hourly results can be extracted for any day and exported as a raster output at spatial scales as fine as an individual parcel (
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Zhao, Fei. "Agent-based modeling of commercial building stocks for energy policy and demand response analysis." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43704.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Managing a sustainable built environment with a large number of buildings rests on the ability to assess and improve the performance of the building stock over time. Building stock models are cornerstones to the assessment of the combined impact of energy-related building interventions across different spatial and temporal scales. However, such models, particularly those accounting for both physical formulation and social behaviors of the underlying buildings, are still in their infancy. This research strives to more thoroughly examine how buildings perform aggregately in energy usage by focusing on how to tackled three major technical challenges: (1) quantifying building energy performance in an objective and scalable manner, (2) mapping building stock model space to real-world data space, and (3) quantifying and evaluating energy intervention behaviors of a building stock. This thesis hypothesizes that a new paradigm of aggregation of large-scale building stocks can lead to (1) an accurate and efficient intervention analysis model and (2) a functionally comprehensive decision support tool for building stock energy intervention analysis. Specifically, this thesis presents three methodologies. To address the first challenge, this thesis develops a normative building physical energy model that can rapidly estimate single building energy performance with respect to its design and operational characteristics. To address the second challenge, the thesis proposes a statistical procedure using regression and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling techniques that inverse-estimate building parameters based on building stock energy consumption survey data. The outcomes of this statistical procedure validate the approach of using prototypical buildings for two types of intervention analysis: energy retrofit and demand response. These two cases are implemented in an agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) framework to tackle the third challenge. This thesis research contributes to the body of knowledge pertaining to building energy modeling beyond the single building scale. The proposed framework can be used by energy policy makers and utilities for the evaluation of energy retrofit incentives and demand-response program economics.
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Yeung, Chi-hung, and 楊志雄. "A survey of environmental impacts of building energy codes on energy management in building services installations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42575424.
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Chan, Wai-chung Christopher, and 陳慧聰. "The effects of building envelope and orientation on energy conservation in commercial buildings in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253088.
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Monawar, Abdulghani Hassan. "A study of energy conservation in the existing apartment buildings in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/950.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite great development in residential buildings that Saudi Arabia has witnessed over the last two decades, there is still a lack of understanding and of evaluating the thermal performance aspects of the buildings. The rapid developments that took place in such a short time have ignored environmental considerations and produced exotic buildings that have poor thermal performance. The existing residential building stock built during the economic boom of the 70's and afterwards is having problems balancing between a comfortable indoor climate and reasonable usage of energy. To resolve this issue, the thermal performance of these buildings needs to be improved. But, in the absence of proper knowledge about the performance of these buildings, any proposed suggestions will be a matter of speculations. The research aims to address the notion of energy conservation in existing apartment building in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. It is concerned with identifying the thermal characteristics and the quality of indoor environment in this building type as well as investigating the behaviour of the occupants and their domestic energy demands. This background sets the base to test energy saving measures and to review their effectiveness and their applicability. The study provides information for the parties with direct relation to this issue, authority and policy makers, building professionals, and occupants to assist them in understanding the current situation and promote the selection of the most appropriate strategy. In this study, a comprehensive fieldwork survey, that comprises social survey of 600 apartments and physical measurement survey for eight case studies, have been performed. Thermal performance of the different building components and their dynamic interaction has been simulated thoroughly by a computer program for building energy analysis VisualDOE-2.5). The simulation has been employed to theoretically predict the thermal roles of building components and the impact the occupants have as building users. The program tested strategies for potential energy savings. The simulation model has demonstrated a 19% and 31% reduction in cooling load as a result of applying insulation materials and shading device in respective order. The findings have been integrated to highlight the problems of energy conservation issues in existing apartment buildings, producing recommendations and suggestions for further research avenues to complement work.