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1
Mussari, Riccardo, and Daniela Sorrentino. "Italian Public Sector Accounting Reform: A Step Towards European Public Sector Accounting Harmonisation." Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium 7, no. 2 (October 26, 2017): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ael-2017-0006.
Анотація:
Abstract This paper discusses post-New Public Management (NPM) approaches to current patterns of public management reforms as a path-dependent phenomenon and as proposing corrective solutions to unintended shortcomings of NPM-inspired reforms. Public sector accounting reforms are seen as developing coherently with general public managerial reforms, and as showing a shift in the prioritised purposes assigned to public accounts in line with the overall design of projected reform-making. EU public sector accounting harmonisation is interpreted in this framework, and the Italian experience of public sector accounting reform is discussed in the light of EU membership. Particular emphasis is given to the likely overlap between national and government accounting due to increasingly shared purposes, whereby the former acquires a functional supportive role to the latter. Considerations on the drivers, as well as on the technical solutions of the new Italian public sector accounting system, suggest that Italian public sector accounting has taken a step in the direction of European public sector accounting harmonisation. Finally, the Italian case provides evidence of post-NPM-like accounting reform, contributing to the scanty empirical research on this topic.
2
Agbevade, Akpeko, and Desmond Tweneboah Koduah. "The Search for a Result-Oriented Public Sector Reform in Ghana: A Myth or Reality?" Journal of Public Administration and Governance 10, no. 3 (September 3, 2020): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v10i3.17628.
Анотація:
The Article Examined Whether Public Sector Reform In Ghana Is A Myth Or Reality. It Emerged That Since Independence In 1957, Successive Governments Implemented Both Socialist And Market-Oriented Public Sector Reforms; However, None Of These Reforms Yielded The Expected Outcome. Hence, The New Patriotic Party On Winning Political Power Initiated The National Public Sector Reform Strategy. This Reform Aimed At Using The Public Sector As The Catalyst To Stimulate The Private Sector For Job Creation And National Development. The Study Found That The Reform Made Some Gains. However, Excessive Partisanship, Narrow Political Commitment, Donor-Funding, The Time Boundedness Of The Reform And Focus On Only 16 Ministries, Departments And Agencies Militated Against It Success Hence Public Sector Reform Is A Myth In Ghana. The Article Recommends Commitment To The Directive Principles Of State Policy As The Panacea To Effectiveness Of Public Sector Reforms In Ghana.
3
Ongaro, Edoardo, and Walter Kickert. "EU-driven public sector reforms." Public Policy and Administration 35, no. 2 (April 10, 2019): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952076719827624.
Анотація:
This paper is the introduction article to the special issue on EU-driven public sector reforms. European Union (EU) governance has dramatically changed since the outburst of the financial, economic and fiscal crises in 2007–2008. The dramatically changed circumstances have led to heightened EU influence in the field of the organization of the public sector of Member States, leading to major reforms of the public sector of Member States under conditions of radical fiscal consolidation. We call these ‘EU-driven public sector reforms’. The Greek, Hungarian, Irish and Italian cases of reform of the public sector in recent years, accounted for in this special issue, are different instances, with diverse outcomes, of this phenomenon. This article reviews the theoretical perspectives that can be employed for the study of EU-driven public sector reforms – these include notably the policy of conditionality; Europeanization; and a combination of learning, leadership and multiple streams theories – and the evidence about the features, doctrinal contents and effects of such reforms arising from the four case studies in the special issue.
4
Gorina, Evgenia, and Trang Hoang. "Pension Reforms and Public Sector Turnover." Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 30, no. 1 (June 24, 2019): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muz009.
Анотація:
Abstract Over the past decade, many states have reformed their retirement systems by reducing benefit generosity, tightening retirement provisions, introducing non-defined-benefit (DB) plan options and even replacing DB plans with defined-contribution plans. Many of these reforms have affected post-employment benefits that public workers will receive when they retire. Have these reforms also affected the attractiveness of public sector employment? To answer this question, we use state-level data from 2002 to 2015 and examine the relationship between state pension reforms and public employee turnover following the reforms. We find that employee responsiveness to the reforms was tangible and that it differed by reform type and worker education. These results are important because the design of public retirement benefits will continue to influence the ability of the public sector to recruit and retain high-quality workforce.
5
Mergel, Ines. "Digitale Transformation als Reformvorhaben der deutschen öffentlichen Verwaltung." der moderne staat – Zeitschrift für Public Policy, Recht und Management 12, no. 1-2019 (June 24, 2019): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/dms.v12i1.09.
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Huong, Dang Boi, Nguyen Khanh Phuong, Sarah Bales, Chen Jiaying, Henry Lucas, and Malcolm Segall. "Rural Health Care in Vietnam and China: Conflict between Market Reforms and Social Need." International Journal of Health Services 37, no. 3 (July 2007): 555–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/h0l2-8004-6182-6826.
Анотація:
China and Vietnam have adopted market reforms in the health sector in the context of market economic reforms. Vietnam has developed a large private health sector, while in China commercialization has occurred mainly in the formal public sector, where user fees are now the main source of facility finance. As a result, the integrity of China's planned health service has been disrupted, especially in poor rural areas. In Vietnam the government has been an important financer of public health facilities and the pre-reform health service is largely intact, although user fees finance an increasing share of facility expenditure. Over-servicing of patients to generate revenue occurs in both countries, but more seriously in China. In both countries government health expenditure has declined as a share of total health expenditure and total government expenditure, while out-of-pocket health spending has become the main form of health finance. This has particularly affected the rural poor, deterring them from accessing health care. Assistance for the poor to meet public-sector user fees is more beneficial and widespread in Vietnam than China. China is now criticizing the degree of commercialization of its health system and considers its health reforms “basically unsuccessful.” Market reforms that stimulate growth in the economy are not appropriate to reform of social sectors such as health.
7
Karmacharya, Sharad B. "Lessons to be Learned from the Experience of Electricity Reforms in India." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 11 (July 7, 2012): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7158.
Анотація:
The electricity sectors in India have been undergoing significant reforms since nineties. The initial status of the electricity sector when reform of the industry was initiated was very similar across all states in India. The state electricity boards prior to reform were vertically integrated public utilities, the distribution companies had significant technical and commercial losses and the state utilities were in poor financial health. Most states in India shared similar stories; however, when these states reformed their electricity sector in the nineties, we see differences in the current market structure despite all states having started with similar industry organization. In this paper, we carry out case studies of electricity sector reforms in Orissa, Delhi and Karnataka. These three cases have been selected for their diversity in approaches to electricity reform. What motivated these states to reform? What types of market designs are currently in place and why market designs differed in these states? We analyse these cases and aim to explain the differences in sector performances and extract some lessons in the context of Nepal’s electricity sector.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7158 Hydro Nepal Vol.11 2011 pp.29-36
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Thi Thanh, Phuong-Nguyen, Hai-Phan Thanh, Tung-Nguyen Thanh, and Tien-Vo Thi Thuy. "Factors affecting accrual accounting reform and transparency of performance in the public sector in Vietnam." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 2 (June 2, 2020): 180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(2).2020.16.
Анотація:
This study was conducted to determine the factors and their influence on accrual accounting reform in the public sector in Vietnam. Combining qualitative and quantitative research methods based on empirical surveys of 268 accountants, controllers, and auditors working in state agencies such as the Department of Finance, state treasuries and agencies receiving revenues from the state budget in 2019. This study shows that six factors influence the reform of the accounting system in the public sector in Vietnam to accrual-based: accounting staff – especially their expertise, competence, and work experience; training and support of the consulting experts; costs of the accounting reform; level of information technology application; funding and assistance from international organizations; legal environment.At the same time, the accrual-based accounting reform will have a positive impact on improving the transparency and efficiency of public sector operations in Vietnam. Among the factors affecting accounting reform, the legal environment factor is the most influential determinant, followed by the contingent of accountants. The study’s limitation is that the new experimental investigation is only conducted with a small sample size and in a short period. However, the research results are also a useful reference for those who are interested in the context that Vietnam is preparing to have strong reforms in accounting in the public sector in the coming time.
9
Thom, Michael. "The Drivers of Public Sector Pension Reform Across the U.S. States." American Review of Public Administration 47, no. 4 (June 3, 2015): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074015589342.
Анотація:
This study analyzes the diffusion of public sector pension reforms across the American states between 1999 and 2012, a policy area notable for its fiscal implications as much as its recent political polarization. Previous enactment in other, non-contiguous states was the largest and most consistent driver of reform. Otherwise, empirical findings suggest that reform antecedents varied by reform type. Existing funding levels reduced the likelihood that states would cut benefits, change pension governance, or reduce cost of living allowances, but had no effect otherwise. Evidence for partisan legislative influence is weak, although Republican control had partial, positive effects on the enactment of pension governance reforms and increases to the retirement age. Across the board, other relevant factors such as constitutional pension protections, collective bargaining rights, and union membership density had no effect. That external contagion pressures have a more robust influence than endogenous conditions raises questions about the future efficacy of pension reform.
10
Javed, Attiya Y. "Satu Kahkonen and Anthony Lanyi. Institutions, Incentives, and Economic Reforms in India. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2000. 516 pages. Hardback. Price Indian Rs 595.00." Pakistan Development Review 40, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v40i1pp.71-74.
Анотація:
The economic reform process began in India in 1991. However, the reform agenda is still far from its goals as is evident from low per capita income. Thus, this reform effort has not produced the desired outcome of a faster rate of economic and social development in a meaningful way. It is the premise of this volume that to transform the social and economic landscape, the proposed reforms should be broadbased and multi-pronged which take into account incentives for the stockholders in both the private and public sectors. The institutions are the rules that govern economy and include the fundamental legal, political, and social rules that establish the basis for production, exchange, and distribution. The two editors of this volume have received contributions from a number of authors and the wide range of papers are grouped under five main headings: political economy of reforms, reforming public goods delivery, reform issues in agriculture and rural governance, and reforming the district and financial sector.
11
Mortensen, Peter B. "Public sector reform and blame avoidance effects." Journal of Public Policy 33, no. 2 (June 4, 2013): 229–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x13000032.
Анотація:
AbstractBlame avoidance has often been claimed to be an important rationale behind changes in the organisation of the public sector, but very few studies have examined whether and how public attribution of responsibility is actually affected by such reforms. For instance, how do changes in the formal allocation of authority affect public attribution of blame when things go wrong? Is the effect immediate or delayed? To advance our understanding of such questions, this paper presents an analysis of blame and credit attribution in more than 1,200 newspaper articles about health-care-related issues in Norway before and after the major Norwegian hospital reform from 2002. The central empirical finding of the article is that central state-level authorities in Norway were attributed less blame in media coverage of health-care problems after the reform than before the reform. The shift is delayed, but substantial and robust to various modifications in model estimations.
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Christensen, Tom, and Yongmao Fan. "Post-New Public Management: a new administrative paradigm for China?" International Review of Administrative Sciences 84, no. 2 (May 23, 2016): 389–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852316633513.
Анотація:
From three theoretical perspectives – instrumental, cultural and mythical – this article analyses the reasons for the worldwide emergence of post-New Public Management reforms and summarizes the typical features of those measures. In particular, it explores the link between post-New Public Management and public-sector reforms in China and argues that the ongoing reforms in China, including the super-ministry reform, the regulation of industry, the affordable housing policy, social and healthcare reforms, and the anti-corruption campaign, have shed light on various aspects of post-New Public Management measures. However, because China’s complex public administrative systems are more centralized than they are in many Western countries, it faces big challenges in deciding on and implementing reforms. Points for practitioners The examined administrative reforms demonstrate that China is imitating post-New Public Management reforms and adapting them to Chinese cultural traditions. China’s case reveals that the public sector is a complicated combination of elements from New Public Management and post-New Public Management reforms in a process where new reform elements are continuously added to old ones. China’s reforms are still ongoing; in the past years, China focused more on economic reform, decentralization and efficiency, but today its reforms are turning to social stability, political order and central control.
13
McTaggart, Doug, and Janine O'Flynn. "Public Sector Reform." Australian Journal of Public Administration 74, no. 1 (February 10, 2015): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12128.
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Khan, Imran Ullah, and Shahzad Hussain. "Bureaucracy and Public Management Reforms." Hrvatska i komparativna javna uprava 20, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31297/hkju.20.1.3.
Анотація:
The paper examines administrative performance and public management reforms in Pakistan. The study is based on the expert opinion of the civil servants gathered via 27 semi-structured interviews. Pakistan has inherited the administrative structure from the British colonial raj. Although there have been numerous reforms aimed at improving administrative performance, none of them have been implemented adequately. The changes pursued in the first two decades were related to enhancing the administrative performance by creating an adequate structure of administrative posts and ensuring a fair remuneration system. The first full reform package was presented in the 1970s with steps to improve the civil service performance and nationalization of significant banks and industries. The New Public Management (NPM) inspired the Pakistani government to adopt the policies of managerialism and privatization during the 1990s. The government intended to remove the status quo and privatize the public sector industries. This reform was successful only with regard to the privatization of some sectors and banks. The remaining reform programme failed mostly because of political instability, weak political will, political interference with the reform process, etc. The semi-structured interviews conducted with Pakistani civil servants tackled the public administration problems and their possible solutions. The respondents suggested that an indigenous public management model should be created. They indicated that the government should firmly support the implementation of reform measures. Civil servants should get salaries according to their expertise. There must be a well-defined and up to date performance and evaluation system able to ensure performance-based promotions, rewards, and punishments.
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Odewole, Philip Olawale, and Rafiu Oyesola Salawu. "The Implementation of Budget Reform and the Level of Compliance among the Public Sector Entities in Nigeria." Journal of Business Administration Research 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jbar.v9n2p19.
Анотація:
The study investigated the implementation of budget reform and the level of compliance in Nigeria. Purposive Sampling Technique was employed to select the two sectors – Ministry of Education and Health – where the adoption and implementation of the budget reform were popular. The population of the study comprised fifty (50) MDAs of the two ministries. Primary data were sourced from five hundred (500) respondents through structured questionnaire administered to the selected Ministries, Departments and Agencies. Data were analyzed using the Factor analysis technique. The results showed that only 55% of the MDAs within the sample size exhibited high compliance level with the budget reform while 45% demonstrated low compliance with the budget reform mandate. The summary of the overall results, therefore, revealed that there was no full compliance with the budget reforms’ directives among the MDAs during the research period. The study concludes that only continuous and critical re-assessments of the budget reform and its periodic re-appraisals by the central authorities in Nigeria can guarantee full compliance and thorough implementation in order to achieve desired results of the reforms in the public sector entities in Nigeria. The study, therefore, recommends that a central monitoring unit be created jointly by the Federal Ministry of Finance and the Office of the Accountant-General of the federation to ensure strict compliance, which will in turn enhance transparency and accountability in the public sector entities in Nigeria.
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Czarniawska-Joerges, Barbara. "The Wonderland of Public Administration Reforms." Organization Studies 10, no. 4 (October 1989): 531–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/017084068901000404.
Анотація:
The students of public sector organizations are often surprised by the phenomenon of repetitive, costly and inconclusive reforms, which seem to be an unavoidable part of the public sector landscape. One possible reaction to it is to make a rationalistic critique and then to issue recommendations for improvement. An alternative is to look for a different perspective in analyzing functions of reform. A study of Sub-municipal Committee reform in Swedish municipalities is analyzed in terms of a symbolic accomplishment. In the light of the results, it is somewhat doubtful whether so-called reforms change organizational forms, but they do help to re-shuffle power, achieve a renewed legitimacy, re-socialize organization members and, in general, introduce variety into routines of organizational life.
17
Christensen, Tom, Dong Lisheng, and Martin Painter. "Administrative reform in China's central government — how much `learning from the West'?" International Review of Administrative Sciences 74, no. 3 (September 2008): 351–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852308095308.
Анотація:
The prevailing interpretation in the scholarly literature is that public sector reform in China during the period of marketization has been driven primarily by internal, contextual factors rather than being under the sway of particular global reform models or theories such as New Public Management. The aim of this article is to move beyond arguing from inference that `Chinese characteristics' continue to be dominant and to inquire into the manner and extent of external influences on central government reform actors. We assume a `multi-causal' model in which both internal and external factors are present. From a survey of the literature on the reforms, we conclude that, while there are some `unique' features, most of the themes (and even the results) of modern Chinese reforms are not unique and have parallels in Western countries. Moreover, aside from the similarities in the content and substance of administrative reforms, the patterns and styles of reform in China and in the West in the past 20 years show marked similarities and parallels. Thus, external reform ideas and influences are being diffused through reform processes. Further empirical and theoretical analysis is required to establish the more specific nature of scanning and dissemination, or other forms of diffusion; the kind of learning that is taking place; and the impact that any imported models or templates actually have on reform proposals and outcomes in particular reform episodes. Points for practitioners • Whereas many scholars tend to believe the lip service the Chinese leaders pay to the `uniqueness' of China's public sector reforms and their `Chinese characteristics', their leaders have been very eager to `learn from the West'. • Emulation and learning at a global level are key aspects of contemporary public sector innovation and reform, even between jurisdictions that are seemingly very different from each other. • The development of sophisticated mechanisms for scanning and selective learning are key requirements for a rapidly developing public sector such as China's.
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Cinquini, Lino, Sara Giovanna Mauro, and Daniela Pianezzi. "The illusion of New Public Management? An analysis of performance-based budgeting in the public sector." Proceedings of Pragmatic Constructivism 6, no. 1 (January 10, 2017): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/propracon.v6i1.25144.
Анотація:
The present research wishes to adopt a pragmatic constructivist approach in order to understand and explain the functionality of private- inspired reforms in the public sector. In particular, the research investigates the introduction and implementation of a relevant but challenging managerial reform, performance- based budgeting (PBB), become widespread in the public sector worldwide.
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AGWANDA, Billy. "PUBLIC SECTOR REFORMS AND CONTEMPORARY REFORM CHALLENGES TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA / Public Sector Reforms And Contemporary Reform Challenges To Sustainable Development In Africa." Uluslararası Ekonomi, İşletme ve Politika Dergisi 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2019): 271–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29216/ueip.607934.
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Mika, János, and Katalin Turcsányi. "Kihívások és reformok a közszektorban." Jelenkori Társadalmi és Gazdasági Folyamatok 4, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2009): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/jtgf.2009.3-4.148-152.
Анотація:
Services form and content of Financial base function of the welfare state was increasing on the development countries still economic crises of '70s was queried on the twentieth century by increasing change of economy of 60's. Confiedence of political institution systems significantly decrease on the part of the development countries at same time. At 80's reforms and development programs were entered on the public sector. Priority of private sector are advertised by programs on the first wave of reform programs and these programs was mainly typical, which has target. The target is a privatisation of the public sector. Further on these programs are complemented with outsourcing of public sector and more complex proposal of realignment of public sector. Programs got similar lines and technology (leadership, reorganization steps) and on the other trend of reform. Mainly question of reforms and equilibrum between public and private sector are reviewed by this study
21
Cejudo, Guillermo M. "Explaining change in the Mexican public sector: the limits of New Public Management." International Review of Administrative Sciences 74, no. 1 (March 2008): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852307085737.
Анотація:
The Mexican public sector has undergone significant transformations in recent decades. This article argues against the view that these changes are the result of New Public Management-style reforms. Even though the Mexican government has applied some of the tools associated with this paradigm, the essential NPM doctrines — granting more autonomy to public agencies and government officials, and using market mechanisms to promote competition in the public sector — have been absent from the agenda. The Mexican experience exposes two erroneous assumptions in the international debate about NPM: that there is a global trend of similar national reforms and that every change in the public sector is part of this new paradigm. Instead, the changes in the Mexican public sector are the result of incremental adjustments to two broader domestic processes: economic liberalization and political democratization — which have led to a smaller and relatively more accountable administration. Points for practitioners This article suggests that not all reforms are the result of New Public Management initiatives. It points towards alternative explanations for change in the Mexican public sector and identifies political democratization and economic liberalization as the main sources of change. This view challenges existing accounts of public sector change in developing countries and suggests a more complex process of reform. The main lesson for practitioners is that, when analysing reform experiences, they should look at the underlying causal processes rather than at the official rhetoric. Moreover, the article reminds practitioners that NPM is only one among several sources of doctrines for changing the public administration.
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Maurya, Nagendra Kumar. "Power Sector Reforms and Performance Assessment of Power Sector Utilities of Uttar Pradesh." Indian Journal of Public Administration 66, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120906073.
Анотація:
A series of power sector reforms were undertaken by the state government aimed at introducing a set of regulatory reforms and at unbundling of what was originally an integrated State Electricity Board. The reforms aimed at segregating production, distribution and regulation functions. Ratification of the Electricity Act 2003 led to a further deepening of the reform process by dismantling monopoly in the power sector. The paper provides an overview of the impact of power sector reforms on the operational and financial performance of the power sector utilities of Uttar Pradesh. Utilising the data obtained from the Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Ltd. and the Bureau of Public Enterprises, Uttar Pradesh, the paper highlights the status of transmission and distribution losses, aggregate technical and commercial losses, plant load factor, operating and financial performance of the state power utilities of Uttar Pradesh between 2002–2003 and 2015–2016 (the latest point of time for which data is available). In addition to other financial indicators, liquidity, asset management, leverage and profitability ratios have been calculated to analyse the financial performance. The paper concludes that the state power-utilities are yet to cover a long distance to become financially and commercially viable. However, the positive impact of the reform measures has been abundantly visible since the financial year 2012–2013.
23
Cloutier, Charlotte, Jean-Louis Denis, Ann Langley, and Lise Lamothe. "Agency at the Managerial Interface: Public Sector Reform as Institutional Work." Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 259–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muv009.
Анотація:
This article draws on recent developments in institutional theory to better understand the managerial efforts implicated in the implementation of government-led reforms in public sector services. Based on a longitudinal study of a massive reform effort aimed at transforming the province of Quebec’s publicly-funded healthcare system, the article applies the notion of institutional work to understand how managers responsible for newly formed healthcare organizations defined and carried out their individual missions while simultaneously clarifying and operationalizing the government’s reform mandate. We identify and describe the properties of four types of work implicated in this process and suggest that structural work, conceptual work, and operational work need to be underpinned by relational work to offer chances for successful policy reform. By showing the specific processes whereby top-down reform initiatives are taken up by managers and hybridized with existing institutionalized forms and practices, this article helps us better understand both the importance of managerial agency in enacting reform, and the dynamics that lead to policy slippage in complex reform contexts.
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Pavan, Aldo, Elisabetta Reginato, and Gianluca Mudu. "Accounting models and devolution in the Italian public sector." Pecvnia : Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de León, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/pec.v0i2.737.
Анотація:
In the 1990s Italy started a public sector administrative reform process consistent, in general terms, with the New Public Management movement. In particular, changes have been introduced in the budgeting and accounting systems of the State, municipalities, health care bodies, etc. In the same years an institutional reform also started and a strong power devolution process began to be realised; a shift to a federal form of the State seems to be the goal. Stating form the challenges coming from the devolution process, the article questions 1) if it is possible to find some shared features in theh reformed accounting systems of the different public sector organisation categories, and to shape in this way on or more accounting Italian models, and 2) if these models have an information capacity adequate to sustain the information needs- in terms of accountability, government co-ordination and decision making- emerging from the devolution process. The information needs in a devolved environment are recognised; eleven budgeting and accounting systems are analysed and compared. The issue of the consistency level existing between accountign and institutional reforms is also discussed.<br /><br />En la Italia de los años 90, se inició un proceso de reforma administrativa del sector público en consonancia, en términos generales, con el movimineto New Public Management. En concreto, se han introducido modificaciones en los sistemas contables y presupuestarios del Estado, de las corporaciones locales y de las instituciones sanitarias. Durante el mismo periodo se empreendió una reforma de carácter constitucional cuyo objetivo último parecía ser la constitución de un estado federal. A partir de los desafíos que supone todo proceso de descentralización, el artículo abre dos interrogantes: 1) la posibilidad de encontrar rasgos comunes en los sitemas contables reformados de los distintos niveles organizativos del sector público, con el fin de confirmar uno o varios modelos contables italianos y, 2) apreciar si estos modelos tienen la capacidad adecuada de una información que satisfaga las necesidades informativas en lo que se refiere a credibilidad, coordinación gubernamental y toma de decisiones que resulten de ese proceso de descentralización. Se identifican las necesiddes de información que se suscitan en la descentralización y se analizan y comparan once sistemas presupuestarios y contables. Igualmente, se discute el aspecto del grado de coherencia entre las reformas constitucionales y contables
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Rao, M. Govind. "Public Finance in Pandemic Times." Journal of Asian Development Research 1, no. 1 (December 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2633190x211003336.
Анотація:
Never before in living memory has economic destruction been so severe as it has been caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has struck at a time when the economy has already been slowing due to structural problems. Therefore, hastening the recovery process and accelerating the pace of economic growth requires the government not only to provide substantial stimulus but also to implement structural reforms. The stimulus provided so far has been mainly by the RBI on the supply side in terms of reducing interest rate, augmenting augment liquidity, restructuring loans to stressed sectors, moratorium on repayment of loans to severely impacted businesses and regulatory forbearance. The fiscal stimulus on the demand side has not been significant and amounted to just about 1.5 percent to 2 percent of GDP. The sharp contraction of the economy by 15.7 percent in the first half has substantially eroded revenue collections requiring both central and state governments to sharply reduce both government consumption and investment expenditures. Faster recovery in the second half of the year will crucially depend upon heavy lifting by the governments which requires them to increase consumption expenditures, transfers as well as capital expenditure by scaling up borrowing as well as monetizing the assets. The aggregate fiscal deficit as well as outstanding debt are likely to show a sharp increase which will raise questions of sustainability. The government has initiated a number of reforms, particularly to infuse flexibility to land and labour markets, reform regulatory systems in education and healthcare, and has made additional borrowing to the states conditional on undertaking power sector reforms, property tax reforms and improving the ease of doing business. However, implementation of these reforms holds the key. There is a need to urgently address problems of the financial sector. Reforms in sectors such as police and judiciary too are overdue to protect the life and property of people and enforce contracts.
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Al-Saidi, Mohammad. "Evaluation of decentralization and commercialization in the urban water sector of Yemen." International Review of Administrative Sciences 86, no. 3 (September 15, 2018): 513–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852318780984.
Анотація:
The article analyzes decentralization and commercialization reforms in the Yemeni urban water and sanitation sector. The case study shows that sector reforms to increase the performance and independence of water utilities in developing countries can become entangled in conflicting political agendas, leading to the derailing of reforms. The reform process in the Yemeni case is presented as part of sector-wide policy change due to increasing scarcity, supply crises, and pressure from donors. A measurement framework for the level of decentralization and commercialization of water utilities is developed and applied. The future reform pathways are outlined, giving consideration to the current political reality in Yemen. Points for practitioners Water decentralization reforms need to follow technical considerations regarding the capacity and independence of utilities in order to enhance any positive impacts of decentralization. Institutional conflicts are difficult to tackle during an ongoing reform process, particularly in a context of corruption, politicization, and state fragility. There is a need for more context-specific reform agendas and better strategies to deal with conflicts and shield utilities from political interference. Further, effective commercialization requires a level of accountability at the local level and improved capacities of staff. Such capacities can be enhanced through trainings ahead of reforms.
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PANIZZA, FRANCISCO, and GEORGE PHILIP. "Second Generation Reform in Latin America: Reforming the public sector in Uruguay and Mexico." Journal of Latin American Studies 37, no. 4 (November 2005): 667–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x0500982x.
Анотація:
Uruguay and Mexico have both passed laws aiming to professionalise the public sector bureaucracy according to what might be considered ‘second generation’ reform principles. They did so under what might initially have seemed to be politically unpropitious circumstances. The reforms might have been vetoed by interests that feared that they would lose out from the changes, but were not. They might have been blocked by conditions of minority presidentialism, but were not. This article seeks to explain the successful passing of this reform legislation. Framing issues played a significant role in reducing opposition. Notably important was the way in which the reforms were presented, and specifically the ability of their proponents to avoid presenting them as market-friendly reforms. The political context also provided the reformers with arguments that in the end proved persuasive.
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Rajib, Salah Uddin, Pawan Adhikari, Mahfuzul Hoque, and Mahmuda Akter. "Institutionalisation of the Cash Basis International Public Sector Accounting Standard in the Central Government of Bangladesh." Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies 9, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 28–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaee-10-2017-0096.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine public sector accounting reforms, mainly the adoption and implementation of the Cash Basis International Public Sector Accounting Standard (IPSAS) in the Central Government of Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on the ideas of new institutionalism, the paper investigates the factors which have forced the country to accept the Cash Basis IPSAS but have delayed its implementation in practice. Findings Different approaches towards the Cash Basis IPSAS are now distinct in the Central Government of Bangladesh. Differences between Bangladesh and other emerging economies have been narrowed as the potency of institutional pressures has increased, and there is a risk, as experienced in other emerging economies, that the very adoption of the Cash Basis IPSAS may remain more a rhetoric than a reality in Bangladesh. The paper demonstrates that the extent to which professional accountants and their associations participate in reforms determines the public sector accounting reform trajectories in emerging economies. Practical implications The paper demonstrates that reforms driven by indigenous administrators can have the potential of becoming more instrumental in emerging economies than the externally propagated reforms, such as IPSASs and accrual accounting. What is important is to advance incrementally those public sector accounting reforms that local administrators have identified as important, that they could cope with their existing knowledge and capacity, and that they are interested in engaging with the reform process. Originality/value First, the study has contributed to extending neo-institutional theory by bringing out the responses of different stakeholders responsible for implementing public sector accounting reforms, mainly the Cash Basis IPSAS, in practice. Next, the paper has raised a question as to whether the Cash Basis IPSAS could be an appropriate reform measure for the central government of Bangladesh.
29
Stoleroff, Alan. "The revolution in the public services sector in Portugal: with or without the unions." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 13, no. 4 (November 2007): 631–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890701300408.
Анотація:
Since the onset of the public deficit crisis in 2001–2002, three successive Portuguese governments have promoted a transformation of public sector employment relations with the aim of bringing them into line with the private sector. Given the importance both of employment in the public sector and of public sector unions to the overall labour movement, the outcome of these reforms will have a decisive impact upon industrial relations in Portugal. The Portuguese public sector unions have consistently claimed that the government has presented them with preconceived reform packages, has not bargained and has in fact imposed its concept of the reforms. This article analyses the relationship between the government and the unions in negotiating the reforms, focusing on the degree of conflict involved and the extent to which the reforms have proceeded within the framework of social dialogue.
30
Kirk, John M., and Julia Sagebien. "Private sector reform — public sector style." International Journal of Public Administration 23, no. 5-8 (January 2000): 693–736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900690008525482.
31
Afegbua, Salami Issa, and Ganiyu L. Ejalonibu. "Emerging Issues in Public Sector Reforms in Africa: An Assessment of Ghana and Nigeria." Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v3i3.91.
Анотація:
Public sector reform (PSR) has been quite popular in Africa and in recent years, several African countries have implemented far-reaching governance and public service reform measures. The aim of this article is to consider the historical development of Public Sector Reform in Africa and the philosophy behind the ubiquitous wave of reform in the continent. The article discovers that those reform measures have so far gone through three different phases to promote and/or accelerate the revitalization of the public service. It identifies some major challenges that account for the monumental failure of PSR. Finally, the paper offers suggestions on how African countries can free themselves from the doldrums of current PSR. This article will not only broaden the frontier of knowledge in the field of public administration but also address the present and on-going reality of public sector reforms in the West African sub region. This study uses a ‘Literature Survey’ in examining the issue in question.
32
Neumann, Ruth, and James Guthrie. "Australian public sector reform." Public Management Review 6, no. 4 (December 2004): 473–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1471903042000303292.
33
Ferlie, Ewan. "Exploring 30 years of UK public services management reform – the case of health care." International Journal of Public Sector Management 30, no. 6-7 (August 14, 2017): 615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-06-2017-0178.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer a personal interpretation of the nature and impact of alternative narratives of public management reform evident in the UK since the 1980s. These reforms are examined through the prism of alternative bodies of public management scholarship. They are applied to the specific case of the health care sector as a concrete focus. Design/methodology/approach The study is a personal overview of various streams of policy reforms in the UK health care sector and associated public management scholarship. This is an interpretive essay. Findings The new of public management remains the dominant reform, narrative and highly embedded, even if dysfunctionally so. Network governance reforms have had some enduring influence. Digital era governance has so far had only weak influence. A reprofessionlisation counter narrative shows variable and oscillating influence. Originality/value The study contributes to a developing narrative-based stream in public management scholarship. It also provides a “big picture” assessment of reforming in the UK health care sector since the 1980s.
34
Neves, Fabrício Ramos, and Mauricio Gómez-Villegas. "Reforma contábil do setor público na América Latina e comunidades epistêmicas: uma abordagem institucional." Revista de Administração Pública 54, no. 1 (January 2020): 11–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220180157.
Анотація:
Abstract Latin American countries have undergone a growing interest in international accounting standards. Several countries are making progress in the adoption of international standards driven by different internal factors as well as external dynamics. The role of experts in the design of public policies associated with international standards has been studied by the epistemic community theory, which is the theoretical framework used in this study to address the influence of different international organizations on the adoption of IPSAS in Brazil and Colombia. This paper discusses the isomorphic institutional pressure exerted over the governments of these two countries in order to meet an international standard considered to be adequate. Meanwhile, the emerging trend towards the adoption of IPSAS in Latin America continues to grow, although some obstacles to achieving the goals defined in the reform arise.
35
Mette Kjaer, Anne. "‘Old brooms can sweep too!’ An overview of rulers and public sector reforms in Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya." Journal of Modern African Studies 42, no. 3 (August 3, 2004): 389–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x04000242.
Анотація:
New leaders are often assumed to be better able to push for policy and sector reform because they are less tied in by established patronage networks. The article discusses this assumption by examining public sector reform in three East African countries under different leaders. It finds that while neo-patrimonialism is an important reason why public sector reform is often blocked, this paradigm cannot explain why some public sector reforms are actually implemented. New leaders are not always new brooms, and whether they are so depends as much on formal conditions, such as the existence of a political coalition, as on informal neo-patrimonial factors. The article also finds that in some cases, old brooms can sweep too. When succession is institutionalised, as the Tanzanian case shows, even a relatively weak leader can carry out reform effectively in his second term because he does not have to consider re-election.
36
Madimutsa, Clever, and Leon G. Pretorius. "Revisiting Trade Unions’ Response to New Public Management: A Case From Zambia." Public Personnel Management 46, no. 3 (June 13, 2017): 288–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091026017713230.
Анотація:
This article discusses the strategic responses by public-sector unions to new public management (NPM) reforms in Zambia. The article is based on a qualitative research methodology focusing on the Civil Servants and Allied Workers Union of Zambia. The study shows that public-sector workers in developing countries are more vulnerable to the effects of externally imposed NPM reforms, which include job cuts. However, the implementation of these reforms faces opposition especially from trade unions. In line with the assumptions of strategic choice theory, union responses to NPM reforms are strategic. Despite the high vulnerability of public workers in developing countries, their unions use strategies that can also be observed in developed countries to mitigate the negative consequences of NPM reforms on the public sector. These strategies follow a three-stage process, namely, opposing the reforms, negotiating for favorable reform measures, and shifting from centralized structures to networks.
37
Llorens, Jared J. "Fiscally driven compensation reform and threats to human capital capacity in the public sector." International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 22–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijotb-18-01-2015-b003.
Анотація:
Compensation systems serve a critical role in strategic human resources management, and over the past twenty-five years, there have been an increasing number of public sector reform efforts aimed at better aligning compensation practices with institutional workforce needs. While many past reforms have been performance driven, the nationʼs most recent economic downturn has served as potent catalyst for a renewed focus on public sector compensation, particularly reforms to public sector retirement benefits. However, given the traditional importance of public sector retirement benefits within broader bureaucratic structures, these new reforms hold the potential to substantially alter human capital capacity in the public sector. Using wage and retirement benefit data from the U.S. Census Bureauʼs Current Population Survey and National Compensation Survey, this paper finds that state and local governments face significant threats to their long-term human capital capacity in light of potential benefit reforms that place a disproportionate emphasis upon competitive wage rates.
38
Raipa, Alvydas. "XXI a. viešojo valdymo modernizavimo reformų kryptys ir tendencijos." Public Policy and Administration 14, no. 2 (June 19, 2015): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.13165/vpa-15-14-2-11.
Анотація:
The analysis of public governance modernization and reform shows that public governance reform for each region and country has universality and specific features. Reform trajectories can be divided, described and explained as the trajectories of development methodology, mechanisms and instruments of ongoing reforms. The author, based on the opportunities of meta-analysis, classification and theoretic modeling methods, in the article seeks to indicate the essence of the main factors, trajectories and problems in the process of construction and implementation of public governance reform and modernization in the first decade of the 21st century. The aim of the article is to discuss and to show methodological aspects of the content of public governance reform and the impact of global change in a period of public governance evolution from the paradigm of the New Public Management to the New Public Governance. The author pays particular attention to the necessity to analyze and to explain the positions of theoretical constructs and to analyze the complexity of public governance reforms, as the modernization of bureaucratic form of governance, problems of centralization and decentralization, the creation of new innovative forms of inter-sector partnership, cross-sector interaction and the development of networking, hybrid organization as the modern form of creation of public value. Finally, the identification of content and complexity of public governance reform can help to define the main tendencies and trajectories, seeking to improve the quality of reform processes.
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J. Lotito, Nicholas. "Trade-Offs and Public Support for Security Reform during Democratic Transitions." Middle East Law and Governance 11, no. 2 (November 24, 2019): 180–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763375-01102004.
Анотація:
During democratic transitions, newly elected governments face public demands to reform the institutions of the old regime, especially the security forces; yet, these reforms often fail. I argue that politicians define policy issues in ways that maximize popular support for their own positions through well-established processes of elite issue framing. Politicians can reduce popular demand for difficult and costly reforms of the security forces by framing them as trade-offs with other types of reform. The argument is tested with original survey data from Tunisia, an important contemporary case of democratic transition. An embedded vignette experiment primes existing issue frames by asking respondents to adjudicate between investments in security reform versus economic or political reform. I find that framing a trade-off with a more popular policy, economic development, reduces public demand for security reform. These findings have important implications for security sector reform and democratic consolidation in Tunisia and beyond.
40
Liang, Zhanming, and Peter F. Howard. "Competencies required by senior health executives in New South Wales, 1990 - 1999." Australian Health Review 34, no. 1 (2010): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09571.
Анотація:
It is accepted that health care reforms and restructuring lead to the change of the tasks and competencies required by senior health care managers. This paper examined the major tasks that senior health executives performed and the most essential competencies required in the NSW public health sector in the 1990s following the introduction of major structural reforms. Diverse changes, restructuring and reforms introduced and implemented in different health care sectors led to changes in the tasks performed by health care managers, and consequently changes in the competencies required. What is known about the topic?The literature confirms that health reform affects senior health care managers’ acquisition and demonstration of new skills and knowledge to meet new job demands. What does this paper add?This paper provides a detailed description of the competencies required for senior health care managers in New South Wales in the 1990s after the introduction of the area health management model, the senior executive service and performance agreements. It confirms that restructuring and reform in the health care sector will lead to changes of the tasks performed by health care managers and, consequently, changes in the competencies required. What are the implications for practitioners?The competencies required by health care managers are affected by distinct management levels, diverse health care sectors and different contexts in which health care systems operate. The competencies identified for senior health executives in this study could guide educational programs for senior health managers in the future.
41
Siddiquee, Noore Alam. "Driving performance in the public sector: what can we learn from Malaysia’s service delivery reform?" International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 69, no. 9 (July 4, 2019): 2069–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-06-2018-0232.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which Malaysia’s most recent public service reform has improved service delivery and governmental performance. It also endeavors to identify critical success factors that explain reform performance and draw lessons based on the Malaysian experience. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopts a case study approach and draws on data from both primary and secondary sources. Besides a thorough review of official documents and existing literature, the author conducted 20 individual interviews with key informants representing government officials, academics and civil society organizations. Findings The study shows that despite some pitfalls and misgivings, the Government Transformation Program (GTP) has produced concrete improvements in service delivery areas where previous reforms failed. One of the factors that underpin GTP’s relative success is the detailed performance management framework, which helped foster inter-agency collaboration and enforce accountability for results at various levels. Practical implications The GTP success highlights the significance of adapting reform content to local situations especially when reforms are based on external models; sanctions from the highest political office; a dedicated unit to drive the implementation and an effective performance management framework through which individuals and agencies would be held to account for results achieved. Originality/value Despite many and varied reform initiatives attempted in the past, cases of successful reform are rare, especially in developing countries. Little is known on what makes a reform work, a gap exacerbated by notable absence of systematic research on this topic. The paper contributes to address this by reviewing Malaysia’s innovative approach to reform and the insights that the Malaysian experience offers.
42
Roy, Jeffrey. "Data, Dialogue, and Innovation: Opportunities and Challenges for “Open Government” in Canada." Journal of Innovation Management 4, no. 1 (May 4, 2016): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-0606_004.001_0004.
Анотація:
In a rapidly evolving online environment where the inter-relationship between information and innovation is evolving from primarily closed and inward structures to much more open and networked governance arrangements, the public sector faces growing pressures and new opportunities to reform and adapt. Open data and big data are now widely embraced initiatives to spur innovation both inside of and outside of the public sector. Their capacity to foster innovation is nonetheless shaped by critical tensions between traditional government structures and culture on the one hand and more open and participative notions of governance on the other hand. Within such a context, this article examines the current Government of Canada Open Government Action Plan and its three main dimensions: information, data, and dialogue. The analysis reveals that despite some progress in the realm of open data, information and dialogue are constrained by the aforementioned tensions and the need for wider reforms to various architectural facets of the public sector – administratively, technologically, politically, and socially. Across each of these layers, we consider the sorts of wider reforms required in order to facilitate systemic innovation within the government and across sectors.
43
Michalopoulos, Nikos. "Aspects of citizen-public services relationships: The case of Greece." Chinese Public Administration Review 1, no. 2 (January 1, 2006): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v1i2.22.
Анотація:
A number of governments, falling along a range of political pursuations, are pursuing service quality initiatives. A focus on service quality is part of the general direction of public sector management reform. Quality policies are responsive to economic progresss and social needs. Although service quality is affected by many things, citizen-publc service relationships are fundamental. The social need for a modernized Greek public administration has been posed many times. Public polices seeking to reform public administrtion in Greece have been designed with a particular emphasis on the complex policy space of the relationships between state services and the citizens. Using the New Public Management as a theoretical framework, this paper examines critically how these relationships have been organized. Methodologically, the paper is based on the content analysis of relevant official reports, documents and administrative archives. The paper reveals that the discussion of this reform, the measures adopted and the reforms themselves are often recycled.
44
Callanan, Mark. "Reforming local government: Past, present and future." Administration 68, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/admin-2020-0031.
Анотація:
Abstract Reform of local government in Ireland has tended to involve both reform initiatives that mirror broader trends in public service reform nationally, as well as reform initiatives that are distinctive to the local government sector. Amongst the former we can include managerial reforms, digitisation and efforts to make local government more open and accountable. Other initiatives have included changes to the service portfolio of local government, pointing to an enhanced role in some fields and a reduced role in others. Some reforms can be characterised as enduring – in that they have been recurring themes in successive reform programmes. Other reform themes have been somewhat more occasional or sporadic and arguably brought about by the specific circumstances in which they were implemented. Looking to the future, we might speculate that upcoming challenges may include how public services generally can cope with diversity in addressing challenges that are likely to vary in different parts of Ireland, for example, based on distinctions between urban, suburban and rural areas. The article appeals for a more evidence-based approach to reform in the local government sector – this should be aided by existing research contributions and the enhanced evaluation capacity that exists in the Irish public service.
45
Ramos, Conrado, and Alejandro Milanesi. "The neo-Weberian state and the neodevelopmentalist strategies in Latin America: the case of Uruguay." International Review of Administrative Sciences 86, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 261–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852318763525.
Анотація:
This article seeks to contribute to the development of the neo-Weberian theory of public administration by making it travel to the Latin American context. We argue that this model of public administration reform, identified in continental European states, tends to be present in some Latin American countries that have followed neodevelopmentalist models of economic development. The neo-Weberian political strategy promotes a public sector modernization that enhances its steering and coordination capacities which is functional to a neodevelopmental view that aims to rebuild the state’s central role in leading economic growth and social cohesiveness. Yet, the public management model that is implanted resembles an ‘imperfect’ neo-Weberianism due to the institutional deficiencies of these countries and the difficulties in providing a clear reform script. We provide this link by decoding the main outlines of the public management model in Uruguay in the context of the reforms implemented by the Frente Amplio.Points for practitionersThe article demonstrates two central points. First, that the processes of public sector reform are usually linked to other broader development strategies and to calculations of political feasibility. This can explain to some extent the options taken by politicians. Second, public sector reforms are often a combination of multiple administrative doctrines. This poses the risk of being unsystematic, incoherent or even contradictory.
46
Nyland, Kari, and Inger Johanne Pettersen. "Hybrid controls and accountabilities in public sector management." International Journal of Public Sector Management 28, no. 2 (March 2, 2015): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-07-2014-0085.
Анотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss why public sector reforms hybridize during implementation processes, consequences on accountability relations and practitioners’ and policymakers’ reactions to these changes. Design/methodology/approach – The paper considers experiences from three initiatives related to the governance reform in the Norwegian hospital sector. Data were collected via interviews and document studies, and all three cases were longitudinal studies. Findings – Unexpected consequences of reform initiatives and contextual changes are causing controls to hybridize and having profound effects on accountability relations. However, the gradually alignment of controls in a dynamic pattern of hybridization enables the balancing of conflicts in the chain of accountabilities. Hybrid controls are observed to emerge as stronger than the initial ideal control models. The longitudinal studies of control hybridization illuminate the sector’s survival in the long run, as they allow for adaptation to changes in contexts. Practical implications – This work augments leaders’ understanding of how governmental strategies may follow diverse paths and yield results that diverge from intentions. Narrow accountability bases inhibit the government from implementing political decisions through agencies. Conversely, agents must relate to direct control from authorities. The predictability of agents’ decision space is reduced, and the control process becomes more ambiguous. Originality/value – Through connecting what happens in agencies with accountabilities in the political level, it is possible to study the flexible nature of accountability relations and why controls hybridize. The paper underlines the need for longitudinal studies to describe complex patterns of reform initiatives.
47
Reinholde, Iveta. "“Parallel reforms and double efforts”: Latvia`s experience reforming administration." Socialiniai tyrimai 36, no. 3 (December 22, 2014): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/st.2014.23027.
Анотація:
The public administration reform process in Latvia from the beginning of the 1990s was separated into two parts - national administrative reform and administrative territorial reform – both with their own unique goals and implementation mechanisms. The divided coordination and management of the reforms have resulted in the two administrative subsystems. The paper’s aim is to explore the links between reforms in the national level and local level after 2004 by analyzing the main reform documents determining all reform activities at that time. The results will demonstrate the complexity of the reform management process, as the coordination of reforms is essential regarding all of its levels and sectors.
48
Park, Sung Ho. "Between government unilateralism and corporatist bargaining: public sector pension reforms in the UK and Ireland, 2000s–2010s." Japanese Journal of Political Science 20, no. 2 (April 22, 2019): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109919000033.
Анотація:
AbstractStudies on welfare reform in advanced European countries have identified two established paths to welfare retrenchment: government unilateralism and corporatist bargaining. This study explores a more complicated path to welfare reform, wherein governments pursue ‘non-corporatist’ bargaining by actively combining features of unilateralism and negotiation. Such a hybrid case is explained by employing an ‘insider-outsider’ framework for public policy reform. The key argument is that the presence of exclusive insiders complicates the reform process, disqualifying both unilateralism and corporatist bargaining as feasible options for benefit cuts. The author demonstrates the validity of this claim by examining three cases of public sector pension retrenchment in the UK and Ireland during the 2000s and 2010s. Defying the common expectation that benefit cuts in residual welfare states would be promoted with government unilateralism, the public sector pension reforms in the UK and Ireland exhibited more complicated features which combined governments' unilateral initiatives andad hocnegotiations with public sector unions. Future studies may build on this finding to examine hybrid reform cases in a general European context.
49
Zudin, A. B. "PUBLIC OPINION AS A TOOL TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REFORMS IN THE HEALTH SECTOR." Russian Journal of Dentistry 21, no. 2 (April 15, 2017): 106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-28022017;21(2):106-108.
Анотація:
The reform of the national health system, currently implemented in Russia, needs to assess the effectiveness of reform processes from the point of view of their compliance targets, but also from the point of view of their adequacy to the needs and expectations of the population. The article presents data reflecting the results of the authors and other sociological studies regarding the evaluation of the effectiveness of the reforms in the health sector.
50
Virant, Gregor, and Iztok Rakar. "Implementing a Government-Wide Unified and Transparent Salary System in Slovenia." NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 183–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2018-0008.
Анотація:
Abstract A major reform of the public sector salary system took place between 2003 and 2008, where public administration was included as one of the sub-sectors in a broader scheme, covering also the health care and social care sectors, the education sector and other parts of the public sector. The reform was extremely complex, and its development consisted of several phases. The reform resulted in a completely new salary system for the public sector. There are several tangible benefits of the reform; however, there are deficiencies, too, and some of them were amplified by measures inspired by the financial crisis. In our opinion, the changes should be focused on eliminating or drastically reducing de facto automatic promotion to higher salary grades, introducing more flexibility into the system without putting at risk its coherence and ensuring the budget for variable (performance-related) pay. Additionally, but with due caution, the option should also be considered and discussed to enable the government to classify certain positions in salary ranks higher than defined in the collective agreement, as a response to the situation on the labour market.