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Статті в журналах з теми "Pteridophytic flora"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 18 травня 2024

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1

Joshi, Pragya, and S. P. Joshi. "Pteridophytic flora of Deoria Tal - Rudraprayag District (Garhwal Himalayas)." Indian Journal of Forestry 36, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2013-vb2c95.

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Анотація:

The present manuscript deals with the Pteridophytic flora of Deoria Tal of Rudraprayag District. A total 67 species under 33 genera belonging 22 families of Pteridophytes from the area has been reported along with the critical notes of their ecology, distribution.

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2

Srivastava, Pradeep Chandra. "Some aspects of Palaeozoic pteridophytes of India: A critical reappraisal." Journal of Palaeosciences 57, no. (1-3) (December 31, 2008): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2008.232.

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Анотація:

The present paper deals with spatial and temporal distribution of pteridophytic megafossils within Palaeozoic plant bearing horizons of India. An attempt has been made to describe the pteridophytic assemblages in various strata of different ages, dynamism of the relative dominance pattern of various types of pteridophytes within each assemblage vis-Ã -vis the environment they lived in. Critical discussion has been done regarding increasing diversity of Palaeozoic pteridophytic taxa, taxonomic riddles, plant architecture, ecological analysis and phylogenetic implications. Special attention has been given to the floristic regionalism of Lower Carboniferous flora of India in reference to the world palaeophytogeography and occurrence of admixture of Cathaysian, Euramerian and Gondwana pteridophytic elements in palaeoecotone zone near the northwestern boundary of Indian Gondwana Plate.

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3

Kharkwal, Kapil, Kamlesh Bhakuni, Pushpesh Joshi, Rajni Thakur, and Santosh Nautiyal. "Pteridophytic Flora of Pati Block, Champawat District, Uttarakhand, Northern India." Indian Journal of Forestry 42, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2019-5i14uh.

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Анотація:

The present paper deals with the diversity of Pteridophytic flora in Pati bock of Champawat district, Uttarakhand. A total of 32 species of Pteridophytes belonging to 24 genera under 15 families have been enumerated from the study area.

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4

Mandal, Aninda. "The epiphytic pteridophyte flora of Cooch Behar District of West Bengal, India, and its ethnomedicinal value." Journal of Threatened Taxa 15, no. 8 (August 26, 2023): 23799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.8224.15.8.23799-23804.

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Анотація:

The district Cooch Behar, located in the north-eastern part of West Bengal, at the foothills of Eastern Himalayas, is very rich in pteridophytic flora. The present field study was undertaken during January 2021 to September 2022 to explore and document the epiphytic pteridophytic flora of the district and their ethnomedicinal uses, which was not previously done. Standard methods for plant specimen collection and herbarium techniques were followed and identification was done with the help of relevant sources. Altogether 14 epiphytic species of pteridophytes comprising 10 genera and six families were recorded. Polypodiaceae was the dominant family represented by eight species (57.14 %) and is dominated by the genus Pyrrosia (five species; 35.71 %). With the help of pretested semi-structured questionnaires, knowledgeable ethnic people and traditional healers of the studied areas were interviewed to record their traditional knowledge on pteridophytes. Out of 14 recorded species, 12 species were used by the ethnic communities and traditional healers to treat 15 different types of diseases ranging from common cough and cold to jaundice, among others. Leaves were found to the dominant plant part (58.82 %) used for the preparation of ethnomedicine. Decoction (52.94 %) of the plant parts were mostly used as herbal medicine and were frequently taken orally (58.82 %). Exploration of epiphytic pteridophytic flora and their utilization as ethnomedicine by the ethnic people has been scientifically documented for the first time from Cooch Behar district and has enriched the existing database our country.

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5

Tabassum, Nadra, Nadra Tabassum, and Momtaz Begum. "A taxonomic survey of pteridophytic flora of Lalmai Pahar and Mainamati of Cumilla district, Bangladesh." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 33, no. 1 (April 8, 2024): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v33i1.72494.

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Анотація:

This study aims to investigate the pteridophytic flora of the Lalmai Pahar, Mainamati, located at the Cumilla district of Bangladesh. Despite the absence of extensive pteridophyte surveys in this hilly forest, it is known to harbour a diverse range of pteridophyte species. This study presents a survey of the pteridophyte diversity within the specified area, documenting a total of 27 taxa. The voucher specimens have been deposited at the Salar Khan Herbarium, Department of Botany at the University of Dhaka. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 33(1): 1-21, 2024 (January)

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6

Prakash, Neeru, Neelam Das, Nishith Y. Bhat, and Paras M. Solanki. "Reappraisal of palaeofloristics of Himmatnagar Sandstone vis-à-vis palaeogeographic significance." Journal of Palaeosciences 65, no. (1-2) (December 31, 2016): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2016.308.

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The state of Gujarat physiographically comprises three distinct zones–the Gujarat Mainland, the Saurashtra and the Kachchh. The sedimentary deposits of Himmatnagar Sandstone (23°36'00": 72°57'45") are mainly exposed in Gujarat Mainland. Palaeobotanical study reveals occurrence of plant fossils Matonidium, Weichselia, Cladophlebis, Gleichenia, Sphenopteris, Dictyophyllum, Pachypteris, Pagiophyllum and Araucarites. Bennettitales are absent. Numerically pteridophytes are represented by 61%, pteridosperms are represented by 7% and cyacads are represented by 7% while conifers are represented by 24%. The assemblage is compared and correlated with contemporaneous deposits in India and other Gondwanic continents and found that it is coeval to fossil floral assemblage of Dharangdhara Formation, (Saurashtra) and Bansa Formation of South Rewa (in central part of India) and Athgarh Formation on east–coast of India, in having common occurrence of Wealden frond Weichselia with dominance of pteridophytic fronds and conifers of family Araucariaceae. Due to common occurrence of pteridophytes and conifers (at generic level) the flora also resembles to Bluff flora of Alexander Island (Antarctica) and Barcó flora of Baqueró Formation of Patagonia (South America) indicating that the dispersal of biota might have taken place through Kerguelen Plateau or Gunners ridge via Antarctica.

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7

Sharma, Sachin, Bhupendra Kholia, Brijesh Kumar, and Pushpesh Joshi. "Addition to Pteridophytic Flora of Mizoram." Indian Journal of Forestry 39, no. 2 (January 6, 2016): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2016-8cpw6h.

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Анотація:

In present communication, based on the collection of one of the author (SS), six hitherto unreported species of pteridophytes viz. Pyrrosia costata (Wall. ex C. Presl) Tagawa & K. Iwats., Pyrrosia porosa (C. Presl) Hovenk., Selliguea oxyloba (Wall. ex Kunze) Fraser-Jenk., Pteris scabririgens Fraser-Jenk., S.C. Verma & T.G. Walker, Pteris semipinnata L. and Dryopteris pulvinulifera (Bedd.) Kuntze,) are being reported here for the first time from Mizoram state of India.

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8

Rawat, Vineet. "Pteridophytes of Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary (Arunachal Pradesh): Phytogeographical and Ecological Observations." Indian Journal of Forestry 35, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 535–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2012-o5s385.

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Анотація:

The paper describes the phytogeographical and ecological observations of Pteridophytes (Ferns and their allies) of Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary and would be helpful to know the ecological habitat, distributional account and evaluation of natural resources of the area. Four broad ecological categories of Pteridophytes, viz. epiphytes, terrestrials, lithophytes and hygrophilous have been recognized. Seven years study based Pteridophytic flora reveals a total of 207 species belonging to 72 genera and 35 families collected so far from Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary. Phytogeographical study indicates 67 species are common to Meghalaya and 70 species to Nagaland. Similarly 102 species and 50 species are reported as common to Western Himalayas and Western Ghats respectively.

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9

Joshi, Pushpesh, R. Manikandan, Brijesh Kumar, and Purushottam Deroliya. "Contribution to the Pteridophytic Flora of Govind Pashu Vihar Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttarakhand." Indian Journal of Forestry 39, no. 3 (January 9, 2016): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2016-4zvgj5.

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10

Sharma, O. P. "Pteridophytic flora of Bundi district (south-east Rajasthan)." Zoos' Print Journal 20, no. 4 (March 21, 2005): 1836–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.zpj.1205.1836-7.

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11

Tiwari, Arjun, Brijesh Kumar, and Achuta Shukla. "Adiantum Venustum D.Don (Adiantaceae): A New Distributional Record for Central India." Indian Journal of Forestry 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2013-k61tr8.

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Анотація:

Adiantum venustum D.Don (Adiantaceae) is reported as a new record for the pteridophytic flora of Central India from Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve. Detailed description, illustration and relevant notes are provided for its easy identification.

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12

Debta, Manas, and H. Chowdhery. "Two new fern records for the flora of West Bengal." Indian Journal of Forestry 30, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2007-p91gys.

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Анотація:

Diacalpe aspidioides Blume and Diplopterygium blotianum (C. Chr.) Nakai belonging to the pteridophytic flora, recorded for the first time from the Singalila National Park, West Bengal and hence constitute new records for the state, are described and illustrated.

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13

Guerra, Juan, María J. Cano, Andrés V. Pérez Latorre, Rosa M. Ros, and Baltasar Cabezudo. "Flora brio-pteridolítica de los bosques lauroides de Rhododendron ponticum L. del Parque Natural de los Alcornocales (Cádiz-Málaga, España)." Acta Botanica Malacitana 28 (January 1, 2003): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v28i0.7263.

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Анотація:

RESUMEN. Flora brio-pteridolítica de los bosques lauroides de Rhododendron ponticum L. del Parque Natural de los Alcornocales (Cádiz-Málaga, España). Se ha estudiado parte de la diversidad brio- pteridofítica en el Parque Natural de los Alcornocales (Cádiz-Málaga; Sur de España). Nos hemos centrado en las comunidades caracterizadas por la presencia de Rhododendron ponticum, uno de los hábitats más representativos del Parque por su originalidad. Para ello hemos muestreado 23 localidades repartidas por todo el Parque y que varían por sus características climáticas. Se han identificado 171 especies de las que 111 son musgos, 2 antocerotas, 42 hepáticas y 17 helechos. Para cada una de las localidades (canutos) se aporta su diversidad total y las especies más representativas y exclusivas. Pretendemos contribuir con ello a una correcta identificación de zonas susceptibles de ser tenidas en cuenta para futuros planes de zonificación y conservación de este tipo de comunidades, únicas y frecuentemente olvidadas en los planteamientos conservacionistas a nivel regional y nacional.Palabras clave. Briófitos, pteridófitos, Rhododendron ponticum, bosque lauroides, Los Alcornocales, Andalucía, Península Ibérica.ABSTRACT. Bryo-pteridophytic flora in the lauroid forests (Rhododendron ponticum L.) of the Natural Park Los Alcornocales (Cadiz-Malaga, Spain). A great part of the bryo-pteridophytic diversity of the Natural Park of Los Alcornocales (Cadiz and Málaga provinces, Andalusia, south of Spain) has been studied. The study has been focused on the woody lauroid, relic communities of Rhododendron ponticum L., one of the more representative habitats of the Park because of its singularity. 23 localities extensively distributed in the Park have been inventoried, taking into account climactic variability. 171 species have been identified: 111 mosses, 2 anthoceros, 42 liverworts and 17 pteridophytes. Total species diversity and the most representative and/or exclusive species are given for each locality. We want to contribute to identifying areas to bear in mind for future conservation and land planning for this kind of communities, unique and frequently forgotten in territory politics at regional and national levels.Key words. Bryophytes, pteridophytes, Rhododendron ponticum, lauroid forests, Los Alcornocales, Andalusia, Iberian Peninsula.

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14

Upadhaya, Harilal, and Narayandatta Bastakoti. "Species Diversity of Pteridophytic Flora in Bhimkalipatan, Pokhara, Nepal." Prithvi Journal of Research and Innovation 1 (December 15, 2019): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pjri.v1i0.29890.

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Анотація:

The study of Pteridophytic flora of Bhimkalipatan, Pokhara was conducted from May 2018 to October 2018. The Pteridophytic plants were collected and then dried for herbarium specimen preparation. The prepared Herbarium voucher specimens were identified based on standard literatures and finally verified from KATH, Kathmandu. A total of 27 species under 19 genera belonging to 11 families were recorded. The family Polypodiaceae was the largest family with eight species under five genera. The family Pteridaceae stood second with six species under three genera. The family Dryopteridaceae was third largest family represented by three species under three genera. In the same way, the families Lygodiaceae and Thelypteridaceae were represented by two species each under two genera respectively. The remaining six families i.e. Davalliaceae, Equisetaceae, Lycopodiaceae, Nephrolepidaceae, Selaginellaceae and Woodsiaceae were represented by one species each. The largest genera were Pteris and Pyrossia representing three species each followed by Adiantum, Drynaria, Lygodium and Thelypteris with two species each respectively and the remaining 13 genera are monotypic genera. Habitat wise, the collected species were terrestrial represented by nine species followed by seven epiphytes, two climbers and one lithophyte. Likewise, three species were found as terrestrial, epiphytes and lithophytes; three species as epiphytes and lithophytes and two species as terrestrial and lithophytes.

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15

Rao, M. R., and R. Patnaik. "Palynology of the Late Pliocene sediments of Pinjor Formation, Haryana, India." Journal of Palaeosciences 50, no. (1-3) (December 31, 2001): 267–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2001.1828.

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Анотація:

Present study highlights the palynoassemblage consisting of algal and fungal remains, Pteridophytic spores, gymnosperm and angiosperm pollen recovered from the Pinjor Formation exposed at Nadah, Panchkula, Haryana. The assemblage is dominated by pollen of gymnosperms and angiosperms followed by pteridophytic spores. Algal remains assignable to the Zygnemataceae (Spirogyra, Mougeotia and Zygnema), fungal spores (Polyadosporites and Frasnacritetrus), pteridophytic spores Lycopodiumsporites (Lycopodium), Pteridacidites (Pteris) and Striatriletes (Ceratopteris), gymnosperm pollen Pinuspollenites (Pinus), Piceapollenites (Picea) and Abiespollenites (Abies) have been recorded. Angiosperm pollen are mainly represented by Pinjoriapollis (Magnolia), Retitrescolpites, Graminidites, Chenopodipollis and Malvacearumpollis. On the basis of their affinities with the modem equivalents, a warm and humid tropical-subtropical climate has been inferred for the Pinjor Formation. The presence of Spirogyra, Mougeotia, Zygnema, Lycopodium, Ceratopteris, fungal spores (Polyadosporites spp.) and angiosperm pollen (Malvacearumpollis) collectively suggest the existence of moist and swampy depositional environment. The presence of grass pollen (Poaceae) indicates the existence of herbaceous flora. The significant drop in grass pollen coinciding with the good proportion of ferns in the middle part of the Pinjor Formation suggests that the vegetation was changed from dry to mainly wet and marshy grassland. Based on the overall palynofloral assemblage. a wet grassland with open and mixed flora during the Pinjor sedimentation has been inferred. The temperate elements viz., Abies, Pinus and Picea appear to be derived from the nearby upland areas of the rising Himalaya.

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16

Vinay, Sharma, and Bhawnani Jaya. "Effect of Hyperthermia on Photosynthetic Pigments of Some Selected Fern Taxa of Sitamata Wild Life Sanctuary, Rajasthan." American Journal of Environment Studies 5, no. 2 (November 2, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajes.1266.

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Анотація:

Rajasthan, the state is situated in the north western part of India and covers as area of 3, 42, 274 sq.km. Despite the hostile climatic conditions of the state, pteridophytes which otherwise known as shade and moisture loving plants. Sitamata wild life sanctuary is located at southwest region of Rajasthan. Different species of pteridophytes in this region exhibit significant variation in thermal stability of their photosynthetic pigments of some pteridophytic flora of Sitamata wild life sanctuary, Rajasthan. Studies reveal that total chlorophyll contents are maximum in Ceratopteris thallictroides and Selaginella repanda and minimum in Ampelopteris prolifera. The other species range between these two. Total carotenoid contents were found maximum in Cheilanthes bicolor and minimum in Selaginella repanda. These observations suggest that species with greater resistance to drought possess higher quantity of carotenoids and show lesser degradation in their chlorophyll pigments during stress conditions. Thus, Ampelopteris prolifera, Cheilanthes bicolor and Christella dentata are most resistant to heat and drought conditions while A. capillus-veneris, Ceratopteris thallictroides and Selaginella repanda are the least resistant taxa to heat and drought conditions.

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17

Suman, Babita, and Sheesh Pal Singh. "Medicinally important Pteridophytic flora of Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh, India." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, no. 01 (2024): 424–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i01.077.

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18

Joshi, Pragya, and H. Pande. "Polymorphicity in some ferns of Chamoli and Rudraprayag districts of Garhwal Himalaya." Indian Journal of Forestry 33, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2010-4eg455.

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Анотація:

Garhwal Himalayas present a rich and diverse pteridophytic flora. Chamoli and Rudraprayag the two major districts of Garhwal were extensiverly explored by the authors between the years 2002-2006. During the field study a great range of morphological variations in rhizome, stipe, lamina, pinna, arrangement of pinna, pinnation, pinna apex, venation pattern, spore morphology was noticed in few species of ferns from the area under study.

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19

Pranjal Borah and Jayanta Barukial. "On the pteridophytes of Bherjan-Borajan-Padumoni Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 12 (October 26, 2021): 19781–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7488.13.12.19781-19790.

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Анотація:

A preliminary survey on the pteridophytic flora of Bherjan-Borajan-Padumoni Wildlife Sanctuary of Assam, India revealed a total of 33 species belonging to 23 genera and 15 families. Most of the species belong to the family Pteridaceae followed by Polypodiaceae and Thelypteridaceae. A brief taxonomic description of each species is provided. Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd., an edible fern, grows abundantly all over, especially in the openings and clearings.

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20

Singh, Bikarma, V. N. Singh, S. J. Phukan, B. K. Sinha, and S. K. Borthakur. "Contribution to the pteridophytic flora of India: Nokrek Biosphere Reserve, Meghalaya." Journal of Threatened Taxa 4, no. 1 (January 26, 2012): 2277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.o2751.2277-94.

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21

Verma, Durgesh, S. Singh, Bhupendra Kholia, B. Sinha, and Samiran Panday. "Pteridophytes of Khawnglung Wildlife Sanctuary, Mizoram, India." Indian Journal of Forestry 37, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2014-1oh4fy.

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Анотація:

A preliminary study on pteridophytic flora of Khawnglung Wildlife Sanctuary, Mizoram has been carried out. A total of 33 species are enumerated for the first time from the Sanctuary. This includes three new distributional records viz., Leptochilus pedunculatus (Hook. & Grev.) Fraser-Jenk., Phymatosorus cuspidatus (D.Don) Pic. Serm., Microlepia hancei Prantl from Mizoram. An identification key along with a brief taxonomic description and distribution of each species has been provided in this communication.

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22

Tabassum, Nadra. "A taxonomic account of pteridophytic flora of Adampur forest, Moulvibazar district, Bangladesh." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 27, no. 1 (January 25, 2018): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v27i1.46416.

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Анотація:

A total of 17 pteridophyte species belonging to 11 genera and 9 families have been identified from Adampur forest of Moulvibazar district in Bangladesh are dealt with. Updated nomenclature with important synonyms, family name, English name, local name, citation of the specimen examined and a crisp description has been furnished under each species. Photographs of the species have been provided for easy identification. The voucher specimens have been deposited in the Dhaka University Salar Khan Herbarium, Department of Botany, University of Dhaka. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 27(1): 101-111, 2018 (January)

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23

Benniamin, A. "Four new additions to the Pteridophytic Flora of Tripura, North East India." Indian Journal of Forestry 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2014-g10sf9.

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Анотація:

Tectaria griffithii (Bak.) C. Chr., Tectaria heterocarpa (Bed.) Morton, Tectaria chattagramica (C.B.Clarke) Ching and Pleocnemia submembranacea (Hayata) Holttum are recorded for the first time from Tripura. Detailed descriptions, distribution, ecological notes and photograph also given for its easy identification.

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24

Singh, Ajit Pratap, and Deepali Johari. "Hymenophyllum javanicum Spreng: An Addition to the Pteridophytic Flora of Central India." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences 88, no. 2 (August 29, 2016): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40011-016-0782-3.

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25

Ghosh, Chandra, Rajib Biswas, and A. P. Das. "Ethnic uses of some pteridophytic weeds of tea gardens in Darjeeling and Terai." NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 2, no. 1 (2008): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2008.v02i01.008.

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Анотація:

Pteridophytes occupy a recognisable position in the flora of Terai and the hills of Darjiling. They are also well represented as weed in the Tea Gardens of this area. Recent survey recorded the occurrence of 86 species of pteridophytes from nine such gardens covering both Terai and Darjiling Hills. Of these, 25 species (30%), covering 21 genera and 20 families, are used by the Tea Garden workers in different manner like (i) 10 species as food, (ii) 02 species for fermenting traditional liquor, (iii) 01 species as fodder and (iv) 22 species as medicine for human diseases. In addition, some of these plants are used for basketry, playing carom, ceremonial decoration, ornamentals etc.

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26

Yang, Yang, Shi-Jun Wang, and Jun Wang. "Stem Anatomy Confirms Tingia unita Is a Progymnosperm." Biology 12, no. 4 (March 24, 2023): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12040494.

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Tingia Halle, a representative genus of the Cathaysia Flora, has been studied for nearly 100 years, being a small heterosporous tree based on the gross morphology of Tingia unita. However, the systematic affinity of Tingia is uncertain. Now, a number of well-preserved fossils of T. unita from the Taiyuan Formation of Lower Permian in Wuda Coalfield, Wuhai City, Inner Mongolia facilitates an examination of wood anatomy. The stem anatomy of T. unita shows parenchymatous pith, endarch primary xylem, pycnoxylic secondary xylem, and cortex, typically a type of gymnosperm wood, which taken together with pteridophytic reproduction, certainly evidences that Tingia Halle is a progymnosperm. In addition, Tingia together with Paratingia provide strong evidence to link the Noeggerathiales with progymnosperms.

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Joshi, Pragya, and S. P. Joshi. "Present status of Pteridophytic diversity of Triyuginarayan and adjoining localities, Rudraprayag district (Garhwal Himalayas), Uttarakhand." Indian Journal of Forestry 39, no. 1 (January 3, 2016): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2016-b8t198.

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The present manuscript deals with the reassessment of the fern flora of Triyuginarayan after 10-12 years. A critical treatment of 45 genera, 122 species is done in the present study. A comparison of the families, genera and species occurring in the area during 2012-14 with the prior reports. The study reveals the absence of 48 fern species which were reported earlier by various authors and 11 new species are collected which were not reported earlier.

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Figueiredo, E., A. Gascoigne, and J. P. Roux. "New records of pteridophytes from Annobón Island." Bothalia 39, no. 2 (August 12, 2009): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v39i2.245.

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Eight new records of pteridophytes are listed for the flora of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea). Specimen information is provided for 12 literature-based records in the Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial. An account of pteridophyte collecting on the island is provided. Pteridophyte diversity in Annobón is updated to 49 species.

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Kumar, Arun. "Pollen-spore assemblages of the Navarro Group (Maastrichtian) of Texas, USA: biostratigraphical and palaeoecological significance." Journal of Palaeosciences 68, no. (1-2) (December 31, 2019): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2019.41.

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Diverse assemblages of spore–pollen floras are present in all formations in the Navarro Group (Maastrichtian) in outcrops of the Austin Section and the subsurface Frio Section. The stratigraphic ranges and relative abundance of spore, pollen, dinoflagellate cysts and acritarchs were used to establish four biozones (A, B, C and D). Biozone A corresponds to the undifferentiated Neylandville Marl–Nacatoch Sand Formation; Biozone B corresponds to the Corsicana Marl Formation; Biozone C corresponds to the lower half of the Kemp Clay Formation; and Biozone D corresponds to the upper half of the Kemp Clay Formation. Biozonal boundaries do not always correspond to formation boundaries. Biozones A, B, C and D of the Austin section are correlated with the subsurface Frio section. The zonal boundaries based on spore–pollen distribution in the Austin and the Frio sections correlate well with the timelines established in these two sections based on dinoflagellate cysts and acritarchs. All Navarro Group formations except the Olmos were deposited in marine environments ranging from intertidal to outer shelf. Olmos Formation sediments were deposited in a range of coastal terrestrial environments with occasional minor influences of the sea. Three transgressive phases (T1, T2 and T3) separated by four regressive phases (R1, R2, R3 and R4) are recognized. During the Maastrichtian the floral composition in Texas changed from predominantly pteridophytic and bryophytic in the early Maastrichtian to predominantly angiospermous flora in the middle and late Maastrichtian. Tropical to subtropical climates prevailed in Texas throughout the Maastrichtian but highland regions such as Llano Uplift and nearby Marathon and Arbuckle Mountains were cooler regions with a temperate to sub–temperate climate. The upper part of the Navarro Group records a gradual cooling trend suggested by the dominance of temperate angiosperm pollen taxa.

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Nitta, Joel H., Atsushi Ebihara, and Alan R. Smith. "A taxonomic and molecular survey of the pteridophytes of the Nectandra Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): e0241231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241231.

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Floristic surveys are crucial to the conservation of biodiversity, but the vast majority of such surveys are limited to listing species names, and few take into account the evolutionary history of species. Here, we combine classical taxonomic and molecular phylogenetic (DNA barcoding) approaches to catalog the biodiversity of pteridophytes (ferns and lycophytes) of the Nectandra Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica. Surveys were carried out over three field seasons (2008, 2011, and 2013), resulting in 176 species representing 69 genera and 22 families of pteridophytes. Our literature survey of protected areas in Costa Rica shows that Nectandra has an exceptionally diverse pteridophyte flora for its size. Plastid rbcL was selected as a DNA barcode marker and obtained for >95% of pteridophyte taxa at this site. Combined molecular and morphological analyses revealed two previously undescribed taxa that appear to be of hybrid origin. The utility of rbcL for species identification was assessed by calculating minimum interspecific distances and found to have a failure rate of 18%. Finally we compared the distribution of minimum interspecific rbcL distances with two other areas that have been the focus of pteridophyte molecular surveys: Japan and Tahiti. The comparison shows that Nectandra is more similar to Japan than Tahiti, which may reflect the biogeographic history of these floras.

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Randrianarimanana, Rivoharifara, France Rakotondrainibe, Elodie Boucheron-Dubuisson, Lovanomenjanahary Marline, Mijoro Rakotoarinivo, and Catherine Reeb. "Diversity and distribution of ferns and clubmosses in the eastern canyons of Isalo National Park, Madagascar." Plant Ecology and Evolution 157, no. 1 (January 10, 2024): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.101827.

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Background and aims – In contrast to the flowering plants, the pteridophyte flora of Madagascar is still understudied. While several studies have been published on the eastern and central parts of the island, there are currently few works dedicated to the pteridophytes of southwestern Madagascar. The aim of this work is to increase the knowledge of the pteridophyte flora of the Isalo massif in southwestern Madagascar. It presents a checklist of Isalo’s pteridophytes and an analysis of the diversity and distribution patterns of pteridophyte communities across ecological gradients in the eastern canyons of Isalo. Material and methods – Eighty plots were placed in six canyons. In each plot, pteridophyte species abundance was inventoried, as well as several ecological and geomorphological variables. A census in the field and observations on specimens in herbaria were carried to make a checklist of all the pteridophyte species known for Isalo. Statistical analysis was carried out to understand the pteridophyte diversity and distribution patterns in the Isalo’s canyons: (1) exploratory analysis (FAMD and HCPC) highlights the general patterns of ecological gradients, (2) a rarefaction curve was used to compare species diversity, and (3) co-inertia analysis investigated the relationship between ecological gradient and pteridophyte communities. Key results – In total, 60 species of ferns and lycophytes have been recorded in the massif, including ten endemic species to Madagascar and 11 species reported for the first time in the Isalo massif. Species diversity is especially high in the northern canyons (Anjofo, Andramanero, Antsifotra) in contrast to the middle (Maki and Rats) and southern (Namaza) canyons. Fern distribution patterns were correlated to a combination of environmental factors, highlighting species-specific ecological preferences.

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Rajanikanth, A., and Ch Chinnappa. "Early Cretaceous flora of India- A review." Journal of Palaeosciences 65, no. (1-2) (December 31, 2016): 209–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2016.312.

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Earth’s terrestrial ecosystem during the early Cretaceous was marked by the dominance of naked seeded plants and appearance of flowering plants. Tectonic changes and evolutionary processes affected southern floras of the globe during this time. Review of Indian early Cretaceous flora distributed in peri and intra–cratonic basins signify homogenity of composition with regional variations. The flora composed of pteridophytes, pteridospermaleans, pentoxylaleans, bennettitaleans, ginkgoaleans, coniferaleans, taxaleans and taxa of uncertain affinity along with sporadic occurrence of flowering plants represent a unique Indian Early Cretaceous flora. Similitude of basinal floras with marginal differences can be attributed to taphonomic limitations and taxonomic angularity. A perusal of available data brings out an opportunity for novelty in floral composition and variable associations dictated by prevailed environmental conditions. The eastern, western and central regions of India hold distinct litho units encompassing plant mega fossils represented by leaf, wood / axis, seed, fructification and associated marker forms. Remarkable tenacity of certain plant groups, which even found in modern flora and vulnerability of many taxa constitute a blend of extinct and extant. The appearance and extinction of certain taxa can be explained as a cumulative affect of evolutionary and climatic factors. Perpetuation of gondwanic floral elements during the early Cretaceous along with newly evolved floral components testifies evolutionary innovations and changing ecological constraints.

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Daulagala, P. W. H. K. P., A. M. N. N. S. Adikari, and K. U. N. Dissanayake. "A qualitative study on the diversity and conservation perspectives of pteridophytic flora in homegarden ecosystems in Polgolla in Kandy district, Sri Lanka." Sri Lankan Journal of Biology 5, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljb.v5i1.51.

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Grime, J. P. "Factors limiting the contribution of pteridophytes to a local flora." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 86 (1985): 403–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000008393.

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SynopsisA vegetation survey comprising all major habitats has been used to examine the ecological range of pteridophytes in an area of varied geology, climate and land-use in northern England.Pteridophytes occur most commonly in coniferous plantations, scrub, cliffs and acidic woodlands and are also frequent in broadleaved plantations, in unshaded mire and on walls and river banks. In marked contrast to the herbaceous angiosperms of the region, pteridophytes have failed to exploit habitats subject to high intensities of disturbance (e.g. arable fields, spoiled land, paths) and are relatively unsuccessful in herbaceous vegetation experiencing moderate intensities of orderly disturbance (pastures, meadows, road verges).Strategy concepts have been applied to compare the range of ecological specialisation displayed by the pteridophytes with that of the herbaceous angiosperms within the area of study. It is concluded that the contribution of pteridophytes is restricted by the absence of ephemeral and vernal life-forms, the scarcity of shoot systems resilient under defoliation, the low relative-growth rates of many species and the susceptibility of gametophytes, and young sporophytes to competition from herbaceous angiosperms and to submergence by leaf litter from deciduous trees. Whilst some of these features are of recent importance in that increasingly they limit the capacity to survive current changes in land-use, others appear to have restricted the ecological amplitude of the Pteridophyta throughout their history.

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35

Rajanikanth, A. "Diversification and evolution of Early Cretaceous East Coast flora of India." Journal of Palaeosciences 45 (December 31, 1996): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1996.1257.

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The Early Cretaceous continental sediments in the East Coast of India are characterized by the Ptilophyllum flora. Interplay of tectonism and sedimentation caused plant fossil preservation in different unconnected paralic deposits distributed in Cauvery, Palar, Krishna-Godavari and Mahanadi basins and in the associated Pranhita-Godavari Graben. Plant megafossils assigned to pteridophytes, pteridosperms, cycadophytes, Taxales, Ginkgoales and Coniferales are variously distributed in these basins. Differential preservation of plant parts denotes an incomplete evolutionary pattern. Variation within the basinal flora reflects a localised aspect. Plant fossils preserved in the Cauvery, Palar, Krishna-Godavari and Mahanadi basins reflect a near shore continental sedimentary fill subjected to more dynamic events like marine transgression, which probably did not allow better preservation of plant fossils. Paucity of carbonised/silicified material, abundance of impressions of plant leaf fossils, scarcity of wood and reproductive parts indicate an unfavourable environment for plant fossil preservation in these pericratonic basins. Whereas in the associated Pranhita-Godavari Graben the plant fossils are better preserved in the sub-aerially exposed basinal areas away from the main coast-line. The Early Cretaceous flora of Cauvery, Palar and Krishna-Godavari basins dominated by cycadophytes suggests presence of seaward margins of fluviodeltaic palaeoenvironment. The pteridophyte dominant flora of Mahanadi Basin represents a decreasing marine influence contrary towards the south-eastwards. The evolution and diversification of the East Coast Early Cretaceous flora runs parallel to other intracratonic basinal flora. The uniformity in the floral component supports an equable climate. Conifers being the upland floral elements constitute chief components of intracratonic basinal flora. The fluviomarginal elements like cycadophytes predominate the pericratonic sedimentation with some upland near basinal taxa. Pteridosperms and Ginkgoales are scanty. Presence of leaves with entire margin indicates a favourable growth environment.

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Chanda, Chhandam, Christopher Fraser-Jenkins, and Vineet Rawat. "A preliminary checklist of pteridophytes of Dibang Valley District, Arunachal Pradesh, India." Indian Journal of Forestry 46, no. 3 (December 15, 2023): 118–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2023-0l87s3.

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This paper is an enumeration of the species of pteridophytes collected from the very little known Dibang Valley district of Arunachal Pradesh, N.E. India, mostly by the first author. 133 species and subspecies, assigned to 50 genera and 22 families, are listed here. Comments on their habitat and distribution are made. The present checklist is intended to be a base-line towards the preparation of a detailed pteridophyte flora of Dibang Valley district.

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Jenkins, Christopher Roy Fraser, and Barbara Sydney Parris. "Pteridophytes of Turkey - A Revised Check-List and their Relationships to Europe and the West Himalaya." Indian Journal of Forestry 43, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 263–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2021-6yaj92.

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We outline the phytogeographical relations of Turkish pteridophytes following revision of our previous check-list. Although mainly European, the Turkish fern-flora has c. 40% of its species and subspecies in common with or related to the West Himalayan European phytogeographical element. In the pteridophyte accounts of the recent Illustrated Flora of Turkey, it is clear that many specimens have been misidentified and various species incorrectly illustrated. In addition the extensive Turkish pteridophyte collections in international herbaria made by non-Turkish collectors, including those of the present first author, were not drawn upon and international consultation was intentionally not entered into. Although it is unfortunately not possible in the present circumstances to study and re-identify the great bulk of authentic specimens in Turkish herbaria cited in the Flora, we have reassessed some important records and corrected the many obvious anomalies in the Flora and we have added to the distributional data from our own critically studied collections. We therefore present an updated and taxonomically revised checklist with notes and additional distributions, including a few taxa overlooked in the Flora. We also treat the important subspecies which were omitted there. A new hybrid Asplenium and another of Cystopteris are described and a few necessary new combinations are made.

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WANG, FA-GUO, AI-HUA WANG, RONG-RONG HE, DONG-MEI YANG, CHUN-MEI HE, DONG-MING LIU, JEREMY MOYNIHAN, QI-FEI YI, and FU-WU XING. "Phytogeography of pteridophytes on limestone areas in Guangdong, China." Phytotaxa 317, no. 2 (August 15, 2017): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.317.2.1.

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Guangdong Province, located in southern China, is of great interest in studies of plant geography and conservation in limestone areas because of its rich biodiversity. We: (1) performed a phytogeographical analysis of pteridophytes in the limestone areas in Guangdong, (2) evaluated and determined levels of endemism, and (3) identified affinities with the floras of neighboring limestone areas. We found that some families show a preference for limestone habitats, e.g., Hypodematiaceae, Lygodiaceae, and Adiantaceae, are typical elements among pteridophytes in the limestone regions of Guangdong. In addition, some genera or section, such as Hypodematium, and Polystichum sect. Cyrtogonellum, show an exclusive preference for limestone habitats. The predominant phytogeographical affinities identified were East Asia, Chinese endemic, and Tropical Asia. We concluded that: (1) the limestone fern flora of Guangdong is principally subtropical in nature and represents southern subtropical flora at the margins of the northern tropics, with a strong interaction with the East Asian flora, (2) the limestone fern flora of Guangdong has a phytogeographical affinity with Japan, though the floras of neighboring Guangxi and Hainan Provinces have higher similarity with it.

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Jesubalan, D., A. Benniamin, M. S. Sundari, C. Bagath Singh, and Devendra Tripathi. "Supplement to the Pteridophytic Flora of Karnataka: <i>Cyathea crinita</i> (Hook.) Copel. An Endangered Tree Fern to Southern Western Ghats of India." Indian Forester 146, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36808/if/2020/v146i1/144325.

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40

Newman, M., P. Thomas, Soulivanh Lanorsavanh, Sounthone Ketphanh, Bouakhaykhone Svengsuksa, and Vichith Lamxay. "NEW RECORDS OF ANGIOSPERMS AND PTERIDOPHYTES IN THE FLORA OF LAOS." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 64, no. 2 (July 2007): 225–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428607000923.

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AbstractNew records in the Flora of Laos are presented, along with a short history of botanical collection in the country. The records are given in two lists, one relating to the Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Viêtnam and the other relating to the older Flore générale de l'Indochine.

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Roy, Goutam Kumer, and Saleh Ahammad Khan. "Preliminary taxonomic study on homestead flora of four districts of Bangladesh: Liliopsida (Monocotyledons) and Pteridophyta." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 27, no. 2 (December 11, 2020): 407–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v27i2.50679.

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This study provides basic taxonomic data on Liliopsida (monocotyledons) and Pteridophyta of the representative homestead areas of Dhaka, Gazipur, Manikganj and Tangail districts of Bangladesh. The monocotyledons and pteridophytes, growing naturally in the homstead areas, are composed of total 137 and 16 species under 84 and 13 genera belonging to 22 and seven families, respectively. A total of 20, 13, 19 and 17 species respectively, occur exclusively in the homesteads of Dhaka, Gazipur, Manikganj and Tangail districts and only 22 species are common there. Poaceae with 53 species is the largest family and Cyperus with 12 species is the largest genus in monocotyledons. Pteridaceae with eight species and Pteris with three species are the better represented family and genus, respectively in pteridophytes. Total 136 species are appeared as herbs that are followed by 11 species of trees and six species of shrubs. A total of 119 species are documented as economically useful. This study identifies a number of active threats to the flora of the study area, and suggests to launch adequate management and awareness building programs for the homestead people in order to ensure effective conservstion and sustainable use and development of plant genetic resources in the homestead areas of this region. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 407-425, 2020 (December)

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Flynn, Andrew G., and Daniel J. Peppe. "Early Paleocene tropical forest from the Ojo Alamo Sandstone, San Juan Basin, New Mexico, USA." Paleobiology 45, no. 4 (September 2019): 612–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2019.24.

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AbstractEarliest Paleocene megafloras from North America are hypothesized to be low diversity and dominated by long-lived cosmopolitan species following the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) mass extinction. However, megafloras used to develop this hypothesis are from the Northern Great Plains (NGP) of North America, and relatively little is known about floras from southern basins. Here, we present a quantitative analysis of an earliest Paleocene megaflora (<350 kyr after K/Pg boundary) from the Ojo Alamo Sandstone in the San Juan Basin (SJB), New Mexico. The megaflora, comprising 53 morphotypes, was dominated by angiosperms, with accessory taxa composed of pteridophytes, lycophytes, and conifers. Diversity analyses indicate a species-rich, highly uneven, and laterally heterogeneous flora. Paleoclimate estimates using multivariate and univariate methods indicate warm temperatures and relatively high precipitation consistent with a modern tropical seasonal forest.When compared with contemporaneous floras from the Denver Basin (DB) of Colorado and the Williston Basin (WB) of North Dakota, the SJB flora had significantly higher species richness but lower evenness. Paleoclimate estimates from the SJB were 7–14°C warmer than the estimates for the DB and WB, indicating a shift from a temperate forest in the NGP to a tropical forest in the SJB. These results demonstrate the presence of a latitudinal floral diversity and paleoclimatic gradient during the earliest Paleocene in western North America. We hypothesize that the warm, wet conditions in the earliest Paleocene SJB drove rapid rates of speciation following the K/Pg boundary, resulting in a diverse and heterogeneous flora.

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Prakash, Neeru. "Fossil flora of the Chui Hill, Jabalpur Formation, Satpura Basin, Madhya Pradesh, India." Journal of Palaeosciences 52, no. (1-3) (December 31, 2003): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2003.1753.

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Diversed types of fossil leaf impressions have been collected in abundance on reddish-pinkish clay from the Chui Hill, Jabalpur Formation of Satpura Basin. The flora has dominance of conifers followed by bennettitales and pteridophytes, e.g., Elatocladus jabalpurensis, Elatocladus sp., Brachyphyllum jabalpurensis sp. nov., Pagiophyllum chawadensis, Araucarites minutes, Satpuria sehoraensis, Taeniopteris spatulata, Ptilophyllum cutchense and Anomozamites sp. These taxa are commonly found in Early Cretaceous floral assemblages of India. The floral assemblage is compared with other contemporaneous deposits of Satpura and South Rewa basins.

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Crouch, N. R., and J. E. Burrows. "Pteridophyta." Bothalia 41, no. 1 (December 13, 2011): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v41i1.41.

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Roux, J. P. "PTERIDOPHYTA." Bothalia 30, no. 2 (September 25, 2000): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v30i2.553.

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Burrows, J. E., and S. M. Burrows. "PTERIDOPHYTA." Bothalia 32, no. 2 (September 12, 2002): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v32i2.487.

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Lidgard, Scott, and Peter R. Crane. "Angiosperm diversification and Cretaceous floristic trends: a comparison of palynofloras and leaf macrofloras." Paleobiology 16, no. 1 (1990): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s009483730000974x.

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Fossil leaves and palynomorphs represent different phases of the plant life cycle, are studied as systematically independent entities, and are subject to different taphonomic, sampling, and recognition biases in the paleobotanical record. They thus provide parallel, and largely independent, documentation of long-term trends in land plant diversity, and the palynological record may be used as a comparative test of floristic trends inferred from macrofossil evidence. Analyses of relative “species” richness in 91 macrofossil and 860 palynomorph Cretaceous “floras” (assemblages) from between 25° and 65° N paleolatitude show a major mid-Cretaceous increase in the within-flora diversity of angiosperms, from near 0% prior to the Aptian (120 Ma) to 50–80% by the end of the Maastrichtian (65 Ma). This level of diversity is attained rapidly in macrofloras, but more slowly in palynofloras. In the latest Cretaceous, macrofloras and palynofloras both indicate that “pteridophytes,” conifers, and other “gymnosperms” are generally less diverse than angiosperms. In both data sets, “pteridophyte” diversity shows a clear decline through the Cretaceous, whereas conifer diversity shows no marked temporal trend. Broad congruence of these patterns, in spite of different biases in the macrofossil and palynomorph records, indicates that they provide a robust reflection of floristic trends through the Cretaceous. Nevertheless, discrepancies between the patterns do occur and underline the importance of complementary macrofossil and palynological analyses for accurate resolution of long-term vegetational change.

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Christine Dawn Galope-Obemio, Inocencio E. Buot Jr., and Maria Celeste Banaticla-Hilario. "New records of pteridophytes in Mount Matutum Protected Landscape, South Central Mindanao, Philippines with notes on its economic value and conservation status." Journal of Threatened Taxa 14, no. 11 (November 26, 2022): 22039–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7640.14.11.22039-22057.

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New records on distribution of pteridophytes in Mount Matutum Protected Landscape were documented. The species list was accounted with reference to specimen collections from various herbaria posted in digital databases and reliable literature on pteridophyte flora. Results further showed 105 new records for MMPL and its vicinity-South Cotabato, Sarangani province and General Santos City. From these, seven were new records for South Central Mindanao Region (Region 12). About 19 families, 56 genera were represented – 41 were epiphytes, 10 lithophytes, and 45 soil inhabitants, the rest with dual habits – two (ground and lithophytic); seven (epiphytic and lithophytic). Moreover, 11 species were found to be threatened based on national list while local conservation assessment based on relative frequency noted 91 threatened species. A conservation plan for these valuable species in the protected landscape is also proposed to ensure sound intervention and sustainable environment for this plant group.

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Tewari, Rajni, Arun Joshi, and Deepa Agnihotri. "The Glossopteris flora of Manuguru Area, Godavari Graben, Telangana, India." Journal of Palaeosciences 66, no. (1-2) (December 31, 2017): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2017.276.

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First comprehensive record of the Glossopteris flora from the Barakar Formation of the Prakasham Khani open cast mines II and IV of Manuguru Area, Godavari Graben, comprising detailed systematic analyses of the plant fossils is provided. The assemblage is well preserved and represented by pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Pteridophytes comprise Phyllotheca australis and equisetalean axes of the order Equisetales, whereas, gymnosperms include Gangamopteris cyclopteroides and seventeen species of Glossopteris–Glossopteris angustifolia, G. arberi, G. communis, G. cordatifolia, G. damudica, G. gigas, G. indica, G. lanceolatus, G. longicaulis, G. mohudaensis, G. musaefolia, G. oldhamii, G. pseudocommunis, G. rhabdotaenioides, G. stenoneura, G. taenioides and G. tenuifolia belonging to the order Glossopteridales and several leaves of Noeggerathiopsis hislopi besides Cordaites sp. of Cordaitales. Northern genus Cordaites is recorded for the first time from the area and substantiates earlier records from the Lower Gondwana horizons of India. The present study adds to the knowledge of the Glossopteris flora of India, especially that of the Godavari Graben from where the plant fossil records are scanty. The floral assemblage compares fairly well with those recorded from the Barakar Formation of other Lower Gondwana basins of peninsular India.

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Lorscheitter, Maria Luisa, Ashraf Abdul Rahman, Paulo Günter Windisch, and Volker Mosbrugger. "Pteridophyte spores of Rio Grande do Sul flora, Brazil." Palaeontographica Abteilung B 270, no. 1-6 (November 4, 2005): 1–180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/palb/270/2005/1.

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