Дисертації з теми "Psychologie sociale – France – 1990-2020"
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Duvoux, Nicolas. "L'injonction à l'autonomie : l'expérience vécue des politiques d'insertion." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0057.
This thesis focuses on the major changes that have affected French insertion policies over the last 30 years, i. E. Requirement and decentralization, and explains how RMI recipients have been confronted with an "injunction to autonomy". Then it attempts to understand the various relations of RMI recipients with autonomy as a norm conveyed by the insertion contract, by means of analysis of a set of 70 interviews realized with recipients having signed insertion contracts in three departments of the Paris region. Three loose ideal-types are drawn out from the corpus of interviews : first, internalized autonomy characterizes as adherence to autonomy; frustrated autonomy refers both to realization that conforming to autonomy as a norm is difficult, and to distancing oneself from it; finally refusal of dependency characterizes as contestation of autonomy as an institutional norm, and as reversals of stigmata
Bazin, Maëlle. "Dessiner la liberté d'expression face au terrorisme : sémiotique et sociologie des pratiques graphiques en hommage aux victimes des attentats de « Charlie Hebdo » (France, janvier 2015)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ASSA0078.
Combining contributions from the semiotics of images, the anthropology of the written word and media studies, this research focuses on a corpus of several hundred drawings produced in response to the Islamist terrorist attacks of January 2015 in the Île-de-France region. It establishes the extent to which the drawing, as an auxiliary and subject of discourse of popular mobilisations, constitutes a vector of cohesion between French people. The first part of the thesis shows how the attacks of January 2015 constitute a pivotal moment in remembrance practices in France and explains the connections and originality of this doctoral research. Following on from work on the sociology of the attacks, this thesis focuses primarily on the visual dimension of the messages, an aspect that has been little explored until now. The second part examines the media treatment of the attacks, looking at how the framing of an attack on freedom of expression affects the ways in which the French press and television engage the public. The third part analyses a large amount of empirical material from a number of French public and private archives. It takes account of the plurality of graphic practices and forms of politicization in three specific communication devices: ephemeral memorials in three provincial towns, walls in the capital and letters sent to the editorial staff of Charlie Hebdo
Raude, Jocelyn. "Les consommateurs français à l'épreuve de la crise de la «vache folle» : une approche sociologique et transdisciplinaire des comportements alimentaires face au risque." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0045.
The mad cow crisis can be viewed as one of the most dramatic food crises of the recent history. In a context of reduction of the risks, this multidimensional crisis was often presented as an irrational phenomenon. The empirical data show nevertheless that this analysis is not acceptable. The crisis indeed affected only consumers' minority over relatively short periods. The question thus is to know on wich conditions and in what extent do the consumers modify their eating habits when they are exposed to a health risk ? Analysis of the data collected during the crises shows that the practices and the food representations previous to the crises - the culinary structures - are probably the best predictors of the observed changes. These empirical results allow us to explain - from individual to society - the variability
Trepied, Valentine. "Devenir dépendant : approche sociologique du grand âge en institution." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0045.
Zotian, Elsa. "Grandir à Belsunce : les catégories ordinaires de l'expérience enfantine dans un quartier de Marseille." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0047.
This thesis is a contribution to child socio-anthropology. The subjects were children aged from 9 to 12, mostly children of immigrants, growing up in Belsunce, a working-class neighbourhood in the centre of Marseille. The aim of this thesis is to use children's everyday experiences to reconstruct their perceptions of the social world in a context of globalisation. In a number of children’s ordinary activities, one can see local patterns interact with large-scale realities. While performing these activities the children elaborate and construct ways of categorising the world, form groups that belong and construct the 'other'. Analysing this identity construction in children shows that children make the world explicit using referents to which they attach importance (ethnicity, religion) , while other referents are less important, even though they make a big difference to the child s experience (age, gender). These ordinary categories of activity also result in specific types of relation to the self The children of Belsunce think of themselves as subject through socially-constructed categories, which borrow both from locally available definitions (teacher’s pet, “hooligan”) and from globalised semantic and normative groupings (“illegal” ). Finally, the study shows how children experience being members of certain public institutions, and gives their point of view on the causes of social suffering
González, Olga L. "La « débrouille » : migrants andins en France et accès aux droits." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0118.
This research analyzes Andean migrants' individual and collective behaviour in France, in their attempt to reach social integration. The field work carried out in the Parisian region shows that the Andean migrants' preferred strategy can be characterized as "individual husding". The term points to the relationship between the individual and the law and institutions. The migrants deal with their situation by placing themselves outside of the legal framework as well as largely outside of institutions. This strategy is defined by the author and compared to other similar sociological concepts; it is then used to examine the behaviour of migrants of other origins. A number of recurring strategies can be analyzed using the concept of 'home society transfer', which explains the link between the migrants' home society's social and political context and the types of behaviour they display as immigrants
Loison-Leruste, Marie. "Habiter à côté des SDF : représentations sociales et attitudes à l'égard des personnes sans domicile." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0104.
Homeless people are emblematic of the urban exclusion in contemporary societies. They bear the stigmas of their "strangeness" or difference and embody a marginality and deviance from accepted social standards. This thesis is based bath on qualitative and quantitative work with a sample of 423 persons who live near to emergency accommodation services for homeless people. These people are particularly sensitive to their presence: they notice a number of nuisances in their domestic environment and feel assaulted by these "undesirable" behaviours which threaten the security of their possessions and their well-being. The local residents living neat to these accommodation services mobilize the negative social representations of homelessness and distinguish, according to social and moral characteristics, the "good" and the "bad" homeless people. They adopt various types of attitudes. From "indifference" to "engaged rejection" by way of "critic of rejection" and "distant rejection", these attitudes are not only their own but are locatable in the entirety of social policies intended for homeless people. They highlight one of the current shape of social regulation of homelessness which is characterized by a selective compassion. Furthermore, they highlight one of the current shapes of social regulation of homelessness which is characterized by a selective compassion. By analyzing the process of categorisation which constitutes the heart of social representations of homelessness and structures attitudes adopted towards these people, this thesis alIows us to understand how and why the homelessness question reappears periodically in the collective debate
Picot, Pauline. "L'heure de nous-mêmes a sonné". Mobilisations antiracistes et rapports sociaux en Ile-de-France (2005-2018)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/PICOT_Pauline_2_complete_20190315.pdf.
This research is based on the ethnographic study of the day-to-day activities (observation and interviews) of several antiracist activist groups, and content analysis of their written productions. It focuses on antiracist groups from the Paris region : the Brigade anti-négrophobie, the Conseil représentatif des associations noires, the Parti des Indigènes de la République, the network Reprenons l’initiative contre les politiques de racialisation and the organization committee for the annual Journées contre l’islamophobie. Combining theoretical frames from the sociology of collective action and the sociology of race, gender and class relations, the thesis is centered on the analysis of the division of militant labour within those groups. The first aim is to explain how such mobilisations emerged, by replacing them in the particular political context of the early 2000’s and situating them within the previously established antiracist field ; but also by showing how this context interacts with the social trajectories of the activists. The second aim is to examine the effects of collective action on those who participate, or in other words, the products of antiracist action.Indeed, these collectives have been intiated in the 2000’s by French activists, « heirs » of the (post)colonial immigration. They participate in the struggle for (counter) hegemony regarding the definition of racism and antiracism in France. Thereby, antiracist mobilisation produces its own intellectuals, who themselves elaborate social theory. Moreover, the different forms of militant labour (intellectual/domestic/emotional, visible/invisible) constitute entries to study the ways in which social relations of power – mainly race, gender and class relations – manifest within the course of collective action, but also how they are being reshaped. Finally, these antiracist mobilisations also imply the use of racial categories as self-categorization. Fueled by the activists’ emotional labour, this process of identification opens the possibility for racialized minority groups to become a group or a class « for itself », or in other words, a process of communalisation
Martin, Pascal. "Les métamorphoses de l'État social : la réforme managériale de l'assurance maladie et le nouveau gouvernement des pauvres." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0077.
Between 1995 and 2008 the reform of the health insurance system in France deeply transformed the social state. From the apex of the state downwards various apparatuses (institutional structures, training programs, work organization) induced new (or renewed) thought categories and practices that penetrated the representations and work of institutional agents. The role of the state was reinforced and managerial policies incorporating a new governance system were introduced. In the course of this transformation, the training programs aimed at different categories of agents were reformatted to fit both the new political orientations of the health system and the discourse of "quality service" with its managerial tools. The implementation in January 2000 of a universal health coverage programme called CMU (Couverture Maladie Universelle), the aim of wich was to protect precarious populations, has been empirically observed. The influx of "assisted" population groups claiming CMU or AME (state medical aid for certain foreign populations) benefits led to a reorganisation of the system, evidence in the way in wich users of the health system are treated at the reception at local level. The managerial rationalisation allowed a classification of users ranging from "good" insured clients to the "assisted" and the imposition of strictly quantitative objectives (norms of "quality"), rationalised work time and work organisation measuring such items as "client" time spent in waiting lines on the length of interviews. At the same time, however, arbitration over the attribution of conditional CMU or AME coverage was left to the discretionary appreciation of health service employees
Tucci, Ingrid. "Les descendants des immigrés en France et en Allemagne : des destins contrastés : participation au marché du travail, formes d'appartenance et modes de mise à distance sociale." Paris, EHESS, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00380142.
This doctoral thesis analyses the modes of participating of young people of North-African origin and of Turkish origin in today's France and Germany respectively. Especially, it deals with their educational achievements, their transition into the labour market and their forms of belonging (citizenship and élective participation). The results from French and German micro-data indicate that despite their severe difficulties in terms of school achievements, young people of Turkish origin have a more favorable working life than young people of North-African origin who are more successful in the educational System. The former expérience unemployment, instability and declassing more frequently in their working life. Two types of processes of social distancing émerge from those results: through relegation in Germany and through cUscrimination in France. Furthermore, both the national framework and the process of social distancing influence the forms of belonging of those population groups
Fack, Gabrielle. "Formation des inégalités, politiques du logement et ségrégation résidentielle." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0085.
This thesis on housing inequalities is organized in two main parts. The first part analyses the efficiency of housing policies that aim at providing low income households with affordable housing. We propose an evaluation of the incidence of housing benefits on rents by exploiting a reform that extended the benefits in the 1990's. Our estimations show that they have led to an increase in rents. The second part studies how housing markets contribute to create educational inequalities. We first analyse theoretically the effect of strict school zoning on residential stratification and educational inequalities. We then estimate empirically the impact of public schools' performance on housing prices. We find a modest but significant effect of middle school performance on housing prices in Paris. We also show that the presence of private schools in the neighbourhood tends to attenuate the impact of public schools
Ural, Nur Yasemin. "Mourir en diaspora : les pratiques funéraires des «minorités» musulmanes originaires de Turquie en Allemagne et en France." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0007.
My doctoral thesis focuses on the question of death of a Muslim in Europe drawing on a case study on the Turkish speaking Muslim minorities in Germany and in France. The post-mortem voyage of the corpses, which is still the dominant practice for this group, has been mainly framed within the discussions on the "integration" of a "migrant", as the decision to be buried in the country of residence is considered to be an ultimate sign for willingness to "integrate". In these debates on the supposed lack of integration, "Islam" is offered to be the principal reason for those who opt for repatriation to the country of origin. With a critical stance to the ideological construction and the absurdity of the question of "integration" of German or French bom citizens of Kurdish or Turkish descent, I focus rather on the economic and political structures enabling repatriation, legal problems before the realisation of Muslim burials in Germany and France from a historical perspective parallel with other minoritised religions by the State, which constructs Islam as an "exception". In order to expose the complexity of the issue, I realised an ethnographic study, based on participant observations and semi-structured interviews on the one hand with Muslim undertaker companies in Berlin and Paris each of which adhering to different religious and/or ideological currents on the other hand with persons
Tobangui, Alexis. "L'Armée et la socialisation des jeunes en difficulté : l'expérience des Centres défense deuxième chance." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA1048.
This PHD wants to analyze the sociological role of the military. It deals with the program ”Army: a second chance”(D2C) that the ministry of Defense has built up for youngsters out of work in June 2005 with ex- militaries and staff from Epide. This program follows partly the 1961 military service overseas (SMA) which had to deal with youngsters out of school and lacking any professional background. The thesis analyses mainly the military proficiency with the school dropouts and the young out of work. Three subjects are studied 1) the sociology of the army (organization, proficiency and links with the society, 2) sociology of youth and the link army-youth, 3) the analysis of the survey data. The data belongs to the survey of the - Defense: a second Chance institution and to different sources of data in different disciplines. It appears with the first results that three out of ten have dropped out, it was considered too difficult, too harsh and even leading to a trauma by them. Others, do like the military experience giving way to a professional scheme. Different reports show a real interest in this new socializing scheme
La, Barre Jorge de. "Identités multiples en Europe ? : le cas des lusodescendants en France." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0162.
This dissertation questions the identities of the Lusodescendents regarding the emergence of multiple identities in Europe. If focuses on the relationship between the identities observed in France and Portugal with the identities of the Lusodescendents, based on the results of a survey of 956 subjects living in the Île-de-France. The first part deals with the effects of European construction of identities ; according to the Eurobarometer data, it categorizes the evolution of identities in Europe during the period 1992-2002. The identities observed in France and Portugal are then more closely analysed, regarding the significance given by the two countries to European construction and migrations. Finally, it attempts to define the convergencies and specificities observed within the European Union, in terms of immigration policies, citizenship and nationality, relating to the national identities. The second part introduces a typology of the forms of identification of the Ludodescendents, wich focuses the analysis on the specific countries. Each type of identification suggest specific forms of valorization of the Portuguese origins, life in France and European construction. The relationd between forms of identities and attitudes, opinions and representations of the Ludodescendents are emphasized, regarding the following points : representations of France and Portugal, opinions concerning the Portuguese community in France and the Portuguese living in Portugal, perception of Portuguese origins, social contacts, values, educational norms, Portuguese language
McAvay, Haley. "Immigrants’ spatial incorporation in France : patterns and determinants of neighborhood and housing attainment." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0036/document.
My dissertation provides a comprehensive analysis of the neighborhood and housing outcomes of immigrants and natives in France. I draw on two large data sets, L’échantillon démographique permanent (INSEE) and Trajectoires et origines (INED/INSEE), which provide rare information about first and second generation immigrants, combine individual and contextual-level variables, and span several dates of observation (1990-2008). Drawing on classical theoretical approaches to immigrants’ spatial incorporation (spatial assimilation, place stratification), as well as insights from the social stratification and neighborhood effects literature, the analysis is rooted in a multidimensional, longitudinal and intergenerational approach to residential inequalities. First, I use a variety of indicators of the composition of neighborhoods (i.e. share of immigrants, co-ethnics, low-income households, the unemployment rate) in addition to housing tenure to explore associations between various dimensions of residential outcomes. Second, using longitudinal data and panel modelling techniques, the analysis captures patterns and determinants of residential mobility, transitions in neighborhoods, access to homeownership and moves in and out of the public housing sector. Finally, contributing to recent empirical work on the intergenerational reproduction of context, I seek to assess the extent to which residential situations are transmitted between parents and their children. The analysis seeks throughout to document the effects of individual factors (nativity, immigrant origin, socioeconomic status) and contextual factors (municipality and departmental characteristics) on shaping residential inequalities
Ajbli, Fatiha. "Les Françaises musulmanes face à l'emploi : le cas des pratiquantes "voilées" dans la métropole lilloise." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0077.
Even if it originally is, a strictly individual decision, a result of a profoundly intimate conviction, the choice of the islamic veil demands a heavy social price from french practicing Muslim women; as it abruptly stops their social ascension at the turning point of having access to professional activity. Ln fact, they found themselves facing obstacles that tell us a great deal about tensions Iinked to their own presence legitimacy in the French public space. What do these women really want is to openly occupy their places within the French society, which simultaneously means to continue keeping their veils on. Factually, to be socially and professionally accepted, they are expected to prove their integration and give up ail the shapes of idiosyncrasies, whih is hardly imaginable, since their conception of lslamity and Francity is indivisible. This study tries to essentially spotlight how French Muslim women's professional inclusion and exclusion mechanisms operate. Besides the employers' traditional discriminatory practices, these latter's merely conceive the islamic veil as a criterion of professional disqualification. This work tries as well to investigate the existence of an auto-exclusion process and highlight the impacts of diplomas professional value, family choices and the psychological management of stigma on their professional arbitration. Meanwhile, concerning those of them who succeed to have access to the labour market, my approach underlines and reports their remarkable strategies and sets up a mapping of their professional habits to flnally conclude that their professional Activity affects the internal structure of Muslim couples
Settoul, Elyamine. "Contribution à la sociologie des forces armées : analyse des trajectoires d'engagement des militaires issus de l'immigration." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0016.
The end of conscription announced in 1996 gave way to an entirely professionalized army implying the consideration of new sociopolitical and functional imperatives. In response to these issues, the armies have launched recruitment strategies intended to capture new population segments in order to widen the pool (feminisation, immigrant populations). In this context of structural mutation, the intersection of data collected from interviews taken from a sample of 30 military personnel hailing from immigrant backgrounds and a selection of high-ranked Defence officers allows us to make out the contours of this phenomenon. The analysis of terms of enlistment reveals a typology with three entries listed in the form of those who enlist en rupture, those as stratèges, and those as initiés. Besides deconstructing the vision of homogeneity in profile of these population segments, the analysis of social trajectories reveals that, if their logics for engagement present similarities structurally comparable with the entirety of those who enlist, they equally demonstrate substantial variations and a certain number of specificities in direct connection with their background as descendants of immigrants. The return of intra-military experiences subsequently rounds out our initial typologisation. The adoption of a longitudinal perspective supports a reflection that doubly questions the validity of discourse related to integrative virtues and citizens assigned to armies, a legacy anchored in the mythology of conscription, and the impact of the military experience on that discourse, the representations, and the practices of actors
Peugny, Camille. "La mobilité sociale descendante : l'épreuve du déclassement." Phd thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00003938.
This research aims at studying intergenerational downward mobility. It underlines three main points. How many people does this concern ? What do they people go through, and how can we describe their experience ? What are the political consequences of intergenerational downward mobility ? The measure based on age and birth cohort highlights the progressive degradation of the perspective of social mobility for generations born after the 1940’s, the most unfavourable being those of generations born in the 1960’s. Concerning the experience of intergenerational downward mobility, two types of situations are distinguished. First, one group of people who see them as belonging to a generation that has been “sacrificed”, are very critical of the educational system. They also reject the way the society as a whole is organized. An other group gathers people who consider themselves as the only responsible for their personal path, which is seen as a failure. They tend to turn in on themselves. Finally, downward mobility has some political consequences. Their downward path structures their attitudes and above all their political behaviour. In particular, concerning their votes, a tendency to choose far right parties can be highlighted
Billion, Julien. ""I don't sleep at home" [Je ne dors pas à la maison] : lien social et jeunesse sans domicile à Paris et à New York." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0064.
This research is original by virtue of : its subject - homeless youths ; its theorical framework - sociology of rupture ; a population - heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual and transgender homeless youths ; an eminently qualitative approach - the retrospective self reporting of youths and their follow - up during the length of the PhD ; a fieldwork methodology - a street ethnography, recorded and unrecorded interviews and the use of Internet social network ; an international comparison - France and the USA, mainly in Paris and New York City ; two urban centers as research territories - Châtelet and Midtown. In the body of my dissertation, those social trajectories are broken up into different elements. In conclusion, they are examined in their entirety, in order to make a typology. Three main forms of trajectories are distinguished : very much excluded homeless youths ; homeless youths who are between social exclusion and social inclusion ; and homeless youths socially included but a precarious way
Jedlicki, Fanny. "De l'exil au retour : Héritages familiaux et recompositions identitaires d'enfants de retornados chiliens." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070041.
The constructions of their own identities by the children of the Chilean retornados are determined by their family history. Based on politics, violence and the trauma consecutive to repression, the memory transmitted within the exiled families and the community group is linked with the experiences of exile lived in diverse socio-cultural environments. Interactions with the members of the welcoming societies also play a role in the children's progressive socialization and identifications. These children are in close relation with their parents' psyches, as a result of the latter being victims of political repression, and thus tend to identify with them and their projects. The myth of a return to the native country, a corollary of exile, participates in this relation: yet, only 30% of the Chilean refugees returned to Chile, during the military dictatorship as well as afterwards. Those who had often incarnated the image of the ideal political refugee while in exile now find themselves stigmatized and rejected by a society which has changed (during their absence). They are again confronted with a new form of migration, which their children, most of them not born in Chili, find even more complex. Their sufferings are not acknowledged in Chile's national history, rather amnesic about the recent past. However, as time passes, they gradually fit in with their new environment, adapting well or not so well depending on their socio-economic background and the contexts of their return. The retornados' children restructure their feelings of belonging, their geographic choices, their values and their political practices between their family legacy and their growing autonomy. The ways they narrate their identities are revealing of these memory recompositions, structured by a heavy legacy and marked by the global transformation of the contemporary world
Allel, Samir. "Les relations entre les Conseils Régionaux du Culte Musulman et les Collectivités territoriales : analyse de l’organisation locale du culte musulman et de son rapport au politique." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0143.
''Islam has its place at the table of the Republic". This quote used by Jean Pierre Chevènement, French Home Secretary of the Jospin government fit into a general debate over the position of Islam and more particularly of local Islam in the French society. The issue of the place of Islam in France and of its daily expression on a local scale has become a recurring problem and some events such as the Toulouse shootings, involving Mohamed Merah, made the "political Islamism" ghost reappear. We have to to go beyond passion in order to understand local Islam in France through the regional Muslim Councils that are supposed to be preferred representatives of public authorities. The goal is to understand the complexity of Islam in France. That is the reason why it was considered interesting to dedicate this research to this issue with the experience of a citizen observing Islam in France. Islam in France as topic was too large to discuss and treat. We were interested in a topic that take root in Islam, in its temporal and institutional aspects. The polemic that the representation of Islam provoked was a push to know more, especially in the city of Avignon. We would like to understand the impact and dimension of the symbolic value of such an institutionalization of Islam. A historic meeting between Islam and Republic seems to happen right before our eyes. It is important to say that most of researches barely treated die organization of the Muslim religion on a local scale. The main objective is to measure in quantitative and qualitative terms the practical action of the French Council of Muslim Faith (CFCM), taking into account its primary missions related to the representation and protection of the Muslim faith. This research also has as an objective to comprehend in a better way the relationship between regional Muslim Councils and local elected representatives. It is particularly interesting to note that for ten years, Islam as a social fact invited itself on cities agendas in the form of files dealing with mosque, Muslim cemetery areas, head scarfs, or more recently halal meals in public schools. All of which are among issues that elected representatives have to deal with and they are not always prepared or legally armed to resolve them. Do the elected Muslim interlocutors have a real representativeness next to the elected members of local authorities (mayors, local council presidents. . . ) or are they just another interlocutor that emphasizes the heterogeneity of j the local Islamic landscape? The lack of hierarchy and the diversity of schools of thought have made it hard for Islam to structure itself and to gain acknowledgement. The nature of the Muslim community, divided and split up is an obstacle to the organization and recognition of Islam by the institutions. As some are demanding for a readjustment of the December 9th 1905 Act, dealing with the separation of State and religions, this study is intended to enlighten with a new outlook the interaction between religious communities and local authorities in a lay State context and in a widely secularized society. This thesis is a contribution to define the real connection between Islam in non Muslim country such as France and secularism felt and used by local elected representatives. It is a way to address citizenship and to address the failure by the Republic to recognize some as full-fledged citizens
Lees, Johanna. "Ethnographier la précarité énergétique : au-delà de l’action publique, des mises à l’épreuve de l’habiter." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0159.
Energy poverty is at the confluence of housing, welfare and the environment; it is a question of public interest that has been on the political agenda in France for several years. If, at the outset of this research, the term 'energy poverty' had already permeated public policies, applied research and associations, very little was known about the concrete day to day situations this term refers to. Thus, the aim of this thesis has been to redefine the notion of energy poverty through the experience of the people affected by it and, thence, to analyse the mechanisms of state intervention in this field. The thesis is divided into three sections. The first studies the question's emergence into the public spheres in France and the United Kingdom, in today's context; it is based upon the study of documents and interviews with local actors. The second section proposes an ethnographic survey and aims to understand, from the families' point of view, what 'inhabiting' means in an energy poverty situation and, beyond this, the significance of 'being inhabited' by energy poverty. Finally a third section, also based on ethnographic study, deals with the relationships between the interviewees, utility companies, co-owner associations and landlords. It also deals with their relations with the State as beneficiaries of various public programmes destined to combat energy poverty. This section thus aims to establish an anthropology of the relations that those in extreme poverty develop with the State, relations that are described and analysed 'bottom up'
Camana, Christiane. "Les instituteurs en crise : analyse sociologique." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05H052.
Touahria-Gaillard, Abdia. "La régulation normative de l’enfance en danger : prescription et réception d’un ordre moral." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0105.
This work points out that the family, as a social and historical construction, is far from being a private matter. Family is crossed by injunctions that the measures of the Protection of Children and the Judicial Youth Protection can reveal. The survey helped build a corpus of 59 interviews with parents of children in care by the Social Support for Children and the Judicial Protection of Youth, 14 interviews with professionals and 122 administrative records. Three ideal types of parental experiences emerged : the request is characterized by the wish to reach the legitimate mean; and goals in order to achieve educational congruence with the institutions. Observance refers to the awareness of parenta responsibility and the compliance to the means of legitimate culture more than its goals. The opposition, finally, is marked by a rejection of institutional norms and by resistance to stigma. The logic at work in the socio-educational interventions is revealed by the analysis of the professional requirements contained in the files and the way parents receive it. This tension between principles of law, institutional practices and effects experienced by parents generates professional interventions that lead to a hierarchy of parents based on their ability to internalize parenting standards
Belkacem, Lila. "L'« enfant perdu » et le « pays d'origine » : construction des origines et expériences migratoires de descendants d'immigrants ouest-africains en région parisienne." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0091.
Aiming to deconstruct some of the representations of the link to the country of origin of descendants of West African: immigrants in France, this thesis analyzes the social processes involved in the construction of origins, namely, of what the term origin(s) classically refers to: so-called cultures, traditions, values, identities, but also the places and group, being associated with origins. The analysis is grounded in five ethnographic fieldworks conducted in the vicinity of Paris and in Mali with youngsters, members of their families as well as associative and institutional representatives experiences of long-term trips in Mali for "people in difficulty" ; a summer camp for children of Malian immigrants association-based gatherings between youngsters and seniors on the issue of associative involvement ; ethnoclinica consultations in solve family issues considered to be rooted in cultural matters ; conversations on the Internet permeate with the question of the link to origins. In these situations, a reflection about roots is activated, portraying the maintenance of the links to the homeland as conditional to the success and the wellbeing. In order to appreciate the popularity of this thought, this thesis highlights the singular socio-historical context in which descendants of immigrant, undertake the double experience of migration (direct or indirect) and that of minorization (social and ethnoracial) Through the concepts of performance and performativity, it focuses upon the mechanisms and effects of situations shaping the links to the country of origin and draws particular attention to power dynamics rooted in generational ties sex, class and race/ethnicity
Brocco, Chiara. "Migrants ivoiriens en France et en Italie. Trajectoires et modes d'adaptation dans deux grandes villes européennes : Paris et Naples." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0126.
This thesis analyzes the multiple facets of the migratory experiences of Ivorians who arrived in Europe between the end of the 1990s and the end of the years 2000s. This work is based on a transnational and comparative approach and takes place in three different settings: Ivory Coast, France, and Italy. Although rooted primarily in the discipline of anthropology, this study also draws on several other disciplines such as sociology, history of migration, human geography, philosophy, and immigration law.Over the course of multisite ethnographic surveys, carried out between 2007 and 2013 in the Parisian region, in Naples and Parma, as well as in Abidjan, I have conducted long-term observations and collected numerous life histories and accounts of migration.The complexity of migratory routes undertaken by migrants is discussed in this study, as well as the development of their existential trajectories. We have described the profiles of these migrants, going beyond the categories assigned to them by the state policy, and focusing on the evolution of their lives in Europe.Particular attention was paid to the mechanisms of reproduction of contemporary Ivorian migration, which depend not only on the crises that have struck Ivory Coast since the end of the 1990s, but also on the power of the imagined and idealized West. This imagined ideal that has been built over the course of history, through the relations maintained by Ivory Coast and France during the colonial and postcolonial era, continues to develop in the present time, through representations on the media and the physical and material returns in the form of money transfers and revenues by immigrants already settled in the West. We have defined this migration as a "contemporary ritual", for which certain phases, specific to initiation rites, take place in the societies of origin, and are identifiable, although revisited in larger spatial and temporal frameworks.Two places in particular were the privileged sites of my investigations: the former Maison des Etudiants de Côte d'Ivoire in Paris, and the “ghetto” of “old houses” in via dell'Avvenire in Pianura, a district of Naples. Both served were squatted by many of these migrants and evicted in 2008 and in 2010, respectively. In the context of social marginalization stemming from European migration policies over the course of recent decades, which clearly operate against migrants from so-called “poor” countries, these sites turned out to be real social laboratories through which migrants have developed multiple practices of "dynamic resistance", practices created and implemented in order to re-build themselves and their lives and bypass different types of obstacles. These forms of dynamic resistance stem from the symbolic and constant dialogue that Ivorian migrants maintain with the cultural and social universe of their country of origin, and which helps them to reformulate and invent new ways of adapting to the new environments encountered during migration.The last part of the study deals with the work of Ivorian associations founded by migrants in France and Italy, in particular the hometown associations and those whose membership is defined by national origin. By describing their different missions, the modalities of their activities, and the meanings that members assign to their participation, these social productions bear witness to another intimate aspect through which the transnational dimension of Ivorian migration is expressed
Boinot, Karine. "La construction psychique de l’errance : stratégies institutionnelles d’offres et de demandes." Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199400/fr/.
Trying to understand the dynamics bringing homeless persons in situation of wandering, we analyze the existing devices by questioning their access to reach operational objectives concerning the preventive and curative politics and the professional practices. In a plurifactorial conception the wandering, we study its function from the point of view of the psychic economy. In a reflection on the territoriality and on the wandering, we show how the exclusion, give to the body a condensing central place condensing psychic, physical and social of the subject. We question what exclusion returns to the institutions as managerial companies of the homeless persons in terms of incasability. Of a forfeiture “deprived” with “a public” “forfeiture, the movement of oneself with the object questioning the subjective position, it acts to characterize the defensive strategy of the homeless person. Through instinctual dimension around the glance, to analyze the produced against-tranferential effects. Constrained with a permanent visibility, with a concept of “obscenity” concerned with a philosophical dimension of insolence, we evoke the adoption of a cynical position; appear generic becoming itself in paradigmatic figures: the monster, the buffoon and the dissident. Aiming at a restitution of subjective dimension, through the study of the subjectivation and the reification whose homeless person are the object, we question the subjective relation, the forms taken because of position activist of the homeless person, the social representations of the speakers as well as the relations and the established conduits. The object is to put to the test of the private clinic the project stated by Olivier Douville to take the measurement of the factors excluding on the structuring from psychism
Carrausse, Séverine. "Les sociabilités étudiantes : étude comparative de trois universités en Corée du sud, France et Portuga." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0004.
The system of each university, which is constituted by selection and matriculation methods, academic formalities, and everyday life conditions, generates a specific type of social experience. The latter is the essential of the university student's process of socialization. Beyond their core business of degree award and scientific knowledge provision, universities, as areas of socialization and education, can be, for the duration of the studies, associated with the urban entity, and shape university student's identity and personal experience. My research involves various domains such as the social morphology of a specific population (the students), the history and evolution of certain institution (the university) and the link between university and urban areas. All these aspects had been brought into contact with specific historical, geographical, cultural and social contexts: Seoul in South Korea, Coimbra in Portugal and Toulouse in France. This thesis integrates eight-year work of participating observation and quantitative information (1350 questionnaires) collected from university students registered in three differentiated universities. The comparative study of the main categories which structure the student life suggests heterogeneous readings which nevertheless would present analogical reference. Through the comparative analysis of those three forms of university student socialization process, this thesis to shed light on a new approach to the sociology of academic systems, by studying what they "produce": specific types of social actors
Isabel, Thibault. "La fin de siècle du cinéma américain (1981-2000) : une évaluation psychologique et morale des mentalités contemporaines." Lille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL30044.
Labéy-Guimard, Guénolé. "Comprendre l'altruisme : motivations, valeurs et prédispositions sociales dans le bénévolat caritatif." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0105.
How can we explain disinterested behaviors and altruistic practices? What are the social logic leading a person to develop and maintain an altruistic behavior? To answer this question, we have chosen to study volunteers in charities. The survey is based on fifty interviews and one year of i participant observation in two associations (Croix-Rouge, Secours Catholique). The fieldwork ! consists of secular and faith-based organizations dealing with homeless people (CCFD, Secours Catholique, Croix-Rouge, Restos du Coeur). At first, we will study the socialization process leading to commit into charity. On the one hand, a process of social regulation will steer the individual to internalize norms and values that predispose to commit to others. On the other hand, a process of social integration will connect and maintain the individual inside the association. In a second step, we will analyze the motivations of our volunteers. Are they interested or altruistic? Within a mechanism of gift, their motivation is built on reciprocity between what they give and what they receive. Finally, our third research axis will detail values and beliefs espoused by our respondents. Which are the implications of religious beliefs and political motivations among those who decided to give some of their time to others ? These are the three areas of research that will lead this exploration to understand, through the example of volunteer charity, the operation of an altruistic practice
Ottolini, Lucile. "Travailler avec le tiers secteur : études de cas des politiques d'ouverture à la société dans les instituts d'expertise et de leurs effets en France de 1990 à 2020." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2020.
In recent years, public decision making on health and environmental risks has experienced a number of crises and controversies which have highlighted a significant gap in the perception of risks by experts and society. In an attempt to reduce this gap and restore the credibility of the knowledge upon which the legitimacy of decisions rests, several public agencies have implemented so-called ‘’ openness to society ‘’ policies. While opening up has increased over the last ten years or so, it is inscribed in an older movement calling for the deconfinement of science. Indeed, social science research, particularly in the field of science and technology studies (STS), has shown that the co-definition of problems and solutions with stakeholders makes it possible to produce knowledge that is more legitimate, more adaptable in uncertainty contexts and more socially appropriable. Historically, collaborations between scientific institutions have mainly benefited large companies and public decision-makers, marginalizing many actors, including associations, trade unions and local and territorial authorities. This thesis problematizes the categories of actors and organizations to which risk evaluation opens up by proposing to put to the notion of "third sector expertise" the test as a notion with perimeters redefined by institutions, socio-technical problems and social mobilizations. This thesis focuses on the changes that this opening up to the third sector produces on the research work of agencies specializing in the assessment of health and environmental risks. More specifically, it focuses on transforming the meaning that experts and their managers give to their profession and to risk management. It addresses the meaning of "opening up to society" by combining a sociology of organizations approach with a sociology of science and technology approach that does justice to the importance of the socio-technical properties of the problems dealt with by these institutions. It proposes to consider the collaboration between expertise and the third sector as a frontier object, a theatre of social, epistemic and institutional intermediation that crystallizes the transformations of health and environmental risk management in France today. This approach leads to the following results. Opening up does not transform the experimental work of experts or the evaluation standards they use. In contrast, collaborations with the third sector have an impact on future research themes (more focused on hitherto invisible risks such as the interdependence of different categories of risk), how to communicate these risks (taking much more account of public opinion and the concerns of third sector organizations and the political issues of this diversity, by multiplying meetings with third sector organizations, by putting technical experts in an interface situation rather than senior managers) and the power of third sector organizations in institutions (by opening up pluralist deliberative bodies and systematizing their representation in other institutional governance bodies)
Georges, Pierre-Marie. "Ancrage et circulation des pratiques artistiques en milieu rural : des dynamiques culturelles qui redessinent les ruralités contemporaines." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2156/document.
By drawing attention to new objects and actors, artistic practices are a fruitful entry point for rethinking current dynamics of French rural life. This thesis interrogates cultural development in relation to recent social and institutional changes in rural areas, without isolating such areas from social relations or the geographical spaces that underlie them. If culture appears as a distinction argument in a context of territorial competition, it intersects with a residential logic and an openness of rural actors to the cultural field. This, in turn, can initiate dynamic interactions with artists and various professionals. Such “creatives,” always on the search for new living and working spaces, are increasingly moving to rural areas, where they cooperate with the latter’s respective associations and amateur practices. Thus, contrary to a sectoral methodology, we consider this topic with a multipolar approach of culture, in order to understand how artistic actors distinguish territories, and how these territories become, in return, renewed living spaces. To overcome the usual boundaries of local development, we have chosen to put forward the multiple scales of rurality by considering artists as actors in motion, who play with various territorial resources. The microsocial approach makes here possible to think the local in its interfaces, its networks and its mobilities. And this return to the site shows the impact that artists can have on the definition of rurality itself, thus engaging to a broader reflection on the status of rural space in society. One of the originalities of this thesis is to use a qualitative method centered on artists’ analyses of their own positioning and strategies, vis- à-vis contemporary transformations of knowledge, spaces and creative practices in rural areas. Through an approach that correlates rural contexts and scales of analysis, this thesis shows the role of art spaces in the rural fabric and the way they contribute to the emergence of new articulations between rural areas and metropoles
Tuffa, Elsa. "L'Affiliation en crise : Les transformations du processus d'affiliation d'une population d'ingénieurs dans l'industrie automobile." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC043.
Since the 80s, the literature points to the rise of a malaise among managers, marked by the emergence of burnout syndrome and even suicides. The hypermodernity where the individual is accountable. For its construction as singular, autonomous and efficient in a changing and complex environnent provides an operative analytical framework for such a phenomenon. But it does not explain, from diachronie point of view, how these managers who were the model, thinkers and actors in the emerging process of such a figure were thus affected. Our thesis deals with this question by analyzing the changes in the affiliation process of a manager-engineer people at Renault. In a clinical approach, we analyze actualization and interference of psychic and social processes that govern the relationship of subjects to their company, from professional life narratives interviews. We show the construction of psychosocial envelopes, supported on group, organization and / or institution. These envelopes arc in charge of narcissistic contract and denial pacts in order to support manager's membership and to maintain manager's activity and company's structure. Through the analysis of voluntary redundancy plan and "false spics case" of Renault, we identify three crisis figures - Affiliate crisis, affiliation in crisis and catastrophic affiliation - that express the capacities and conditions the affiliate envelope containing organizational crises and their avatars. Finally, we show the movement of the supports of the affiliate envelope to the institution's border objects
Jabouin, Evens. "Entre péripéties, luttes et participations : l'émigration des Haïtiens en Floride et en région parisienne au cours du vingtième siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0044.
When one mentions the question of the emigration of the Haitians throughout the world, one of the recurrent themes relating to it is that it is almost systematically associated with the years 1960, and more particularly with the advent of Papa Doc to the power in Haiti. As for the favored destinations of the Haitians, there is another recurrent theme which consists of presenting Miami as the bastion of the poor boat people, whereas Paris is regarded as the destination of a more elite Haitian migration or of the persecuted political actors. This study intends to show that what seemed true in Paris during the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century has not been the case for already a few decades. Going back to the first wave of emigration towards Cuba in the years 1910, it shows that the emigration of the Haitians precedes Duvalier, and examines the issue relating to the hosting and the settlement of recent waves of Haitian immigrants in France, in the United States and elsewhere. Regarded as undesirable, they were received rather unfavorably in their respective countries of reception. Nevertheless, recently, the Haitians abroad are shifting from their status of the undesirable poor to that of an influential and respectable group. In Florida today, the Haitians have come to be an important municipal players, elected to the head city institutions which has long been inaccessible to them. In the Paris region, the Haitians have not had equivalent electoral and political success, because they are less visible socially. But they have been, in recent years, part for a very encouraging sociocultural dynamic
Pochic, Sophie. "Les cadres à l'épreuve de l'employabilité : le chômage des cadres en France dans les années 1990." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797059.
Laverger, Cyril. "La société dans le cinéma français de 1975 à 1985 : approche sociologique des données filmiques." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010572.
To what extent is a society depicted in its cinematography ? After a theoretical reflection over reality in art (reflection, refraction, reality effect, etc. ) and over the contribution of sociology into this field, the analysis of facts taken from all the french movies distributed between the years 1975 and 1985 tries to answer to this question. The evolution of genres allows to say that cinematography is above all commercially dominated by humoristic movies, dramas, dramatic comedies and detective films ; when the decade changed, documentaries, political films and essays lost the rather important place which was the characteristic of the 1970's. The plots take mainly place in the 20th century which is the source of intimate remembrance and of some viewpoints on recent history (from the 1930's to the 1960's). The places where scenes take place show a real domination of "attractive" places (paris, french riviera, "exoticism", etc. ), authenticity being rather rare. The supremacy of male characters and of some age brackets (20/50 years for men, 20/30 years for women) and the propensity for celibacy define the constants in the universe of fictions. The activities of the main characters compared to data found in society reveal differences which show stereotyped profiles, often valorizating. The nature of movies (from avant-garde to third-rate films) and the narrative structure impose constraints within social film data which are sometimes open to media fashion (themes linked to morals, trivial events, etc. ) and leave little room for more original points of view which turn out to be closer to some social reality
Sitzenstuhl, Charles. "Jacques Chirac, Nicolas Sarkozy et l'adhésion de la Turquie à l'Union européenne : pour une approche psychologique de la décision." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0026.
The thesis analyzes the policy of France towards Turkey’s accession to the European Union between 1995 and 2012 by concentrating on the influence of Presidents Jacques Chirac and Nicolas Sarkozy’s personalities on this policy. This political psychology research is inspired by Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory of personality. After developments calling for a better consideration of the individual decision-makers in political science, the thesis shows that French policy towards Turkish accession distinguishes itself through a centralized decision-making process around the President of the Republic. The support of France for Turkish accession between 1995 and 2007, against the public opinion, is explained by the personality of Jacques Chirac: his belief system, his determination, and his independence of mind. The election of Nicolas Sarkozy in 2007 is a rupture in the French position towards Turkey. Because of a domestic politics calculation corresponding to his belief system, the new President decides not to support Turkish accession anymore, even though France does not veto the pursuit of negotiations between the European Union and Turkey. In spite of this initial compromise, Paris-Ankara relations are severely damaged between 2007 and 2012, a situation that can be explained by the personality of Nicolas Sarkozy. The latter has a policy of rejection of Turkey on several topics (the Union for the Mediterranean, the Season of Turkey in France, the intervention in Libya). What is more, his uninhibited temperament irritates the Turkish authorities
Prognon, Nicolas. "La diaspora chilienne en France : l'exil et le retour, 1973-1994." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20087.
After the military pronunciamiento on the eleventh of September 1973, thousands of Chileans fled from their country, to France mainly because of a warm feeling toward Salvador Allende's government. The first exiled arrived rather quickly and this flow, rather unusual for a South American country, lasted until 1994 when the status of political refugees was no longer granted by the French Foreign Affairs. Once into exile the Chileans had to learn how to survive first before getting integrated. In the mean time they carried out an important work of denunciation. By the end of the 70's there were signs of homecoming for a minority. But in 1982, the publication of lists by the Santiago Authorities gave many Chileans the hope of a return back. Nevertheless, in spite of a number of reforms, the return of democracy in December 1989 did not bring a solution to the probleme of exile
Berthaud, Julien. "L’intégration sociale étudiante : relations et effets au sein des parcours de réussite en Licence." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCH021/document.
Since 1970’s and 1980’s, educational research reveals the importance of interactional process in the explanation of student careers, especially with Tinto’s work (1975), by demonstrating the significant influence of social integration on student persistence in university. However, the effects on students’ academic success are rarely explored. Moreover, there is no consensus on the conceptualization of this explanatory factor since it shows different dimensions of social integration. From data collected from 1365 students enrolled in 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade of common “Licence”, this research proposes firstly to improve measurement of student social integration as a multidimensional concept. Then the sources and conditions of social integration are examined through the influence of contextual, institutional and individual factors. In this context, the transversal skills are considered as an illustration of student social abilities, among others. Statistical analyses show that students have different needs for social integration, depending on their age, gender and reasons for study. First, the academic context defines the opportunities offered to students for social integration. Moreover, it appears that some skills related to emotional management and collaboration turn into resources that promote social integration. Results lead to identify four different profiles of student social integration in “Licence” course. Lastly, questions arise about the role of social integration and transversal skills in student careers and factors of student achievement. Our results reveal that student social integration has a raw and positive effect on the probability of success and performances, through academic interactions and feeling of integrating. When the classical factors of student achievement are taking into account, the influence of social integration appears to be weak or lost. Only the feeling of integrating reduces the risk of student drop-outs. On the other hand, the transversal skills including the taste for work and the self-confidence prove to be powerful predictors of students' success and performances. While student social integration doesn’t seem to be a key factor with mediating effects on academic achievement, it appears to be another feature of student success profiles. Moreover, student social integration produces indirect effect on performances through academic commitment
Haase, Sarah. "Zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement im Wandel – Deutsch-französische Vereine (1989-2013) als soziales Kapital und ihr Nutzen im transnationalen Raum." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA040.
This thesis discusses the civil society engagement in the relationship between France and Germany between 1989 and 2013, with an outlook until 2017. Its objective is to study the role, the organisation and the transnational character of six Franco-German associations in the face of European integration and globalisation. By showing the importance of civil society engagement, this thesis questions the place of the Franco-German relationship in our contemporary society. The multidisciplinarity of this thesis demands the application of different methodological approaches. The analysis of empirical data through the examination of the associations' archives is particularly important in order to show the development of the initiatives. First, the material is analysed by the categories (1) communication, (2) program conception/main topics, (3) networking and (4) professionalization/innovation potential, which reveal different challenges such as the ageing of the members. Then, the thesis explores the importance of individual social capital (Bourdieu) for an association disposed by key personalities as well as the collective social capital (Putnam) generated by these associations. Not only the relations the associations are maintaining within the Franco-German network but also the connections key personalities have outside of the binational space are important for the visibility, wages and social utility of the initiatives (Gadrey). Finally, the thesis asks if these associations could be characterized as heterotopy (Foucault), which evokes a particular habitus by creating a Franco-German self-conception. The analysis therefore attempts to show the importance of a transnational association network
Fraisse, Laurent. "Un parcours de recherche au coeur de la construction de l’économie sociale et solidaire : innovation, institutionnalisation et comparaison." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1265.
This PhD in sociology through looks back onto a twenty-year professional research career. The first part describes my research journey, from three different angles : biographical, methodological, bibliographical. The second part of the thesis gives an overview of my research work (articles, chapters, studies) put into perspective with regard to the state of current knowledge. The first topic concerns the socio-political dimension of solidarity economy through an in-depth discussion of several concepts (local initiatives, local public spheres, the network organization of non-profit sector, conceptions of social change). In addition, social and solidarity economy as a specific object within public policies is studied at local and European levels. The second topic explores the transformations of the role of non-profit organizations in society. The current changes of contractualization and financing methods between associations and governments (public procurement and subsidies) have been the subject of qualitative and quantitative studies. The conceptual ambivalences of the notions of social utility and social innovation are highlighted. Historically claimed by non-profit representatives to emphasize the specificities of their economic activities, social utility has gradually become a criterion for extending the scope of social and solidarity economy in France. The last topic concerns early-years childcare and elderly care policies. The transition from home care for dependent elderly person to personal services is analyzed as a tangle of regulations that makes it problematic to build a quasi-market and questions the place and strategies of non-profit organizations as historical actors in the sector. The comparison, on a European scale, of local childcare systems provides additional insight into the typologies of care systems elaborated at a national level
Goudard, Philippe. "Arts du cirque, arts du risque : instabilité et déséquilibre dans et hors la piste." Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30017.
There is a model pattern for risks taken in circus, and their conséquences : the fatal fall of the tightrope walker, liontamer devoured by his felines. But does this model sufficiently consider the arts of the circus, or the reality of all the risks taken by the artistes ? Drawing upon the history, studies on the ground, professional experience and daily confrontation with the practice, this work recreates the recent history of the circus arts in France and it's archaic sources, and proposes, following the risk factor, a new approach to the circus. The risk taking notion of instability and loss of balance is expanded upon, and considers the fluctuations of the artistic forms and economics, of the formation process, and of the physical and social risks that result from this practice. These types of expression and existence where the artist is permenantly exposed to loss of balance, are the basis for the hypothesis of the aesthétic of circus risks