Дисертації з теми "Psychologie économique – Aspect économique"
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Malezieux, Antoine. "Essais sur la psychologie économique du comportement d’évasion fiscale." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0062/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe first Chapter uses differential psychology and psychometrics to correlate tax evasion behaviour observed in the lab to individual personality traits, measured thanks to standardized psychometric questionnaires. These personality questionnaires are related to moral emotions, moral judgments and norm submission. The results are twofold. First, moral emotions better explain evasion behavior than any other personality questionnaire. However, secondly, the explanatory power of these personality traits remains very modest. This lack of a strong relationship suggests that individual characteristics are of little help to understand and predict tax evasion behavior. It highlights the importance of the institutional context in which compliance is elicited. The second and third Chapters try to better account for this institutional context, using the social psychology of commitment. The second Chapter shows that a modification of the taxpayer’s environment, thanks to the exposition to an oath to tell the truth, increases the level of honesty of subsequent tax reports. Building on these results, the third Chapter investigates the hypothesis that direct democracy, as present in some cantons in Switzerland, could be the source of higher tax compliance. According to the existing literature, its cause could be either social coordination between agents or a commitment effect due to the vote itself. The results show that social coordination between taxpayers does not explain this phenomenon, which rather reflects a commitment effect of participation in the electoral process
Lawrence, Nathaniel Archer. "Perception d'inflation et comportement des agents : nouvelles analyses expérimentales et macroéconomiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025ASSA0002.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis seeks to understand how economic agents—primarily household consumers—behave when faced with inflation. I examine how individuals perceive inflation and adapt their consumption and savings decisions accordingly. Given the inconsistent results in the existing literature on the inflation-consumer relationship, I develop and apply novel techniques to gain new perspectives both at the micro- and macroeconomic levels. I develop an experimental task to measure how subjects internalize and ultimately react to inflation. This experimental work provides a direct link between measures perceived and expected inflation and subsequent consumption and savings behavior. Using this finding, I can compare subjects’ performance and adaptability to their individual characteristics to better understand the underlying traits that correlate with decision-making in inflation. In particular, numerical abilities, consistency of economic decision-making, and general adaptability are strong predictors of task performance. Further, through different financial education treatments, I identify effective means of educating consumers on appropriate decision - making in inflationary conditions—particularly by providing personalized feedback and easily actionable advice. Finally, through wavelet analysis, I demonstrate how the inconsistent expectations-consumption relationship found in the literature may in fact arise from an underlying cyclical nature. Moreover, I find supporting evidence of the positive relationship between expectations and nondurables consumption at the macro- level as identified at the individual level through my experimental methods
Bréban, Laurie. "Éléments pour une théorie morale de la décision : Adam Smith sur le bonheur et la délibération." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010062.
Повний текст джерелаLecourt, Arnaud. "Le juge et l'économie." Pau, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PAUU2009.
Повний текст джерелаBreton, Marika. "Maladie d’Alzheimer et évaluation économique : quel cadre d'analyse pour l'évaluation médico-économique d'un traitement médicamenteux ?" Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T035.
Повний текст джерелаEdwards, José Miguel. "Joyful economists : étude des relations historiques entre analyse économique et analyse psychologique du point de vue de "l'économie du bonheur"." Phd thesis, Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010063.
Повний текст джерелаGuandalini, Bruno. "Analyse économique de la fonction d'arbitre." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR0015.
Повний текст джерелаEfficiency in arbitration is an important issue and strictly depends on the efficiency ofthe arbitrator’s function. With the increase in the number of arbitration cases for several reasonsin the last decades, the function is in great demand so nowadays a market is consolidated. Butsupply and demand in the market for arbitrators is very particular. Equilibrium cannot beverified once price-elasticity is very limited. In addition, several market faillures are present,which certainly renders this market inefficient. Information asymmetry is probably the mostimportant one. Arbitrators consent to the arbitrator’s contract and exercise the function becausepositive incentives are higher than negative. The arbitrators’ utility function presupposes thatarbitrators are rational economic actors and, as such, some might adopt strategic behaviorsregarding other stakeholders in the arbitration, in order to increase their utility and welfare. Butas every human-being, arbitrators’ decisions are not always rational. Behavioral economics mayexplain and predict arbitrators’ limitations of rationality, which might certainly affect arbitrator’s decisions and the efficiency of the function. It raises also discussions on the prevention andcorrection of arbitrator’s limitations of rationality
Rafaï, Ismaël. "Prise en compte de l'attention limitée dans l'analyse économique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2019AZUR0027.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis contributes to the integration of limited attention within the economic theory. We argue that attentional allocation processes can be understood as a production process with the allocated attention (the quantity of attentional resources invested in a decision) as an input and the effective attention (the amount of information contained in that decision) as an output. Borrowing methods from psychology and cognitive sciences, we propose three essays to shedding light on these processes. In the first chapter, we manipulate the presentation order between reward information and perceptual evidence in a two-alternative forced-choice task. The allocated attention is controlled, and we measure effective attention with a Signal Detection model. We found that the last information presented is more weighted in the decision. We attribute this effect to the division of attention. The second chapter proposes an experiment where participants pay costly attention to reduce the uncertainty of a discrimination task. We measure both allocated attention (through the response time) and effective attention (through performance). This experiment allows the study of attentional social dilemmas (situations where attention is costly for individuals but beneficial for the group). We highlight a discrepancy between monetary elicited social preferences and the behaviors exhibited in our attentional social dilemma. The last chapter proves that a model of revealed preferences under stochastic attention can be implemented and tested empirically. We provide new characterization and revealed preference theorems for a general version of Brady and Rehbeck’s model (2016, Econometrica). We propose and analyze – with numerical simulations – statistic procedures to test the axioms, to reveal preferences, and to measure effective attention. We test the internal validity of the model with a selective attention task, where participants choose an alternative among distractors and we find that most of the participants behave in accordance with the model and reveal coherent preferences
Rulleau, Bénédicte. "Services récréatifs en milieu naturel littoral et évaluation économique multi-attributs de la demande." Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40036.
Повний текст джерелаRecreational services provided by the natural environment are hightly heterogenous and most of them are non market. For management and policy making purpose however, it is useful to fully appreciate preferences for forests attributes and give a monetary value for outdoor recreation. This study aims at contributing to the debate on the economic value of outdoor recreation demand in multidimensional contexts. It exemines the contributions of multi-attribute methods that come from Lancaster's characteristicss approach. More precisely, we focus on the Multiple Programmes Contingent Valuation Method (MPCVM) and on Choise Experiments (CE). These relatively new approaches aim at differentiating recreaction by relevant attributes in order to examine the consequences of multidimensional changes in their provision and to identify visitor's trade'offs between attributes. We propose here an application to Stated-owned coastal sites in the Gironde area (Southwest France), where three adjoining wilderness areas (the ocean, the sand and the forest) form one sole site. A survey was conducted in summer 2006 on tourists and main and secondary residents. The MPCVM studies any "substitution effect" the may be between the programmes (recreational quality of natural areas). It also allows for the calculation of visitors' Willingness-To-Pay. The CE is applied to forest recreation. It identifies the relative influence of an attribute on visit choice. Finally, these methods raise several questions about the formulation of individual choices and about the inclusion of these choices in the valuation process
Bricout-Tomasi, Laure. "Attention visuo-spatiale en fonction du niveau de lecture : incidence du milieu socio-économique." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05H022.
Повний текст джерелаUnlike what is commonly admitted, recent studies show that attention plays a major role in normal reading and an attentional deficit could, at least partly, explain reading disabilities. The aim of this thesis was to explore different aspects of attention according to the reading level of children. A first experience using the Attention Network Test showed globally slower response times as well as a deficit of control in reading disabled children (mean age: 9,1 years). A second experience was conducted to explore the possibility of a deficit in lateralized orienting of attention. Reading disabled children oriented their attention as skilled readers in this task using spatial material. However, in a third experience, using the tachistoscopic presentation of 4-letter words in the left and/or right visual hemifields, reading disabled children did not show the right visual field superiority, unlike the skilled readers. The distractor effect suggested that disabled readers did not present an attentional bias in favor of the right visual field, which is normally encountered in skilled readers. Thus, reading disabled children presented an anomalous distribution of spatial attention only when reading. This anomalous distribution of attention can be caused by a deficit in the hemispheric asymmetry, and/or can be the consequence of an absence of an attentional bias due to reading habits. A small but growing literature has addressed the questions of socioeconomic status (SES) and school achievement, using a variety of research methods. Several recent studies have reported that SES is an important predictor of neurocognitive performance, particularly of language and executive function. Our results showed that low socioeconomic status is associated with globally slower response times in the cognitive tasks proposed. IOR was not present in the orienting of spatial attention task, which suggested attention deficits. In verbal tasks, low-SES children results confirmed a multiplicative relationship between SES and reading disability, such that decreased access to resources may amplify cognitive risk factors for poor decoding
Le, Serre Delphine]. "L'influence de l'âge subjectif sur les comportements de consommation touristique des seniors." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1G003.
Повний текст джерелаThe ageing population could initiate enormous opportunities for all industries. This new seniormarket has now captured the attention of marketers, product manufacturers and services providers who are facing this first issue : who really is the senior consumer and how do we identify him ? An in depth analysis of the review of litterature in Marketing has been led and has revealed that this question has still no unique answer. In order to provide a stable conceptual framework for study on the senior consumer, this research proposes the building of a new, stable and precise definition, linked to an indicator that aims to empirically identify the senior consumer. The resulting definition could be used by every researcher and practitioner in Marketing, whatever industry he/she is interested in. For this study, the area of interest has been the Tourism industry. Involving 600 French travellers (300 seniors and 300 non seniors), our study led to interesting results for a better understanding of these new consumers. The main purpose of our research was to study the impacts of the subjective age variables on the seniors' travel behaviours. Our results show that such effects exist, and that, for this industry, the most interesting subjective age variable is the discrepancy age, the difference between the cognitive and the ideal ages. Indeed, this variable, which has been neglected in previous studies on the senior consumer, has significant impacts on their travel behaviours and could be useful to segment this new market. It is the important to take this variable into account when studying the senior consumer behaviour
Lebrun, Anne Marie. "Le comportement d'achat du touriste urbain dans la ville de destination : essai de conceptualisation." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOE014.
Повний текст джерелаA strategic study of the behaviour of the city tourist has enabled us to prove the potential and the economic significance of this sector of tourist industry. We have demonstrated that theorical models of tourist behaviour have restricted themselves for the most part to the choice of destination, thus precluding the study of the tourist's behaviour upon arrival. This led us to draw upon research results in the realm of consumer buying patterns. The behaviour of the city tourist can be divided into two categories which can be either found in differing times and places, or be found together. The former relates to touristic behaviour whereas the latter more closely resembles that o f a consumer exploring at random the goods and services of his destination city. We have suggested and elaborated two complementary approaches to the study of the behaviour of the city tourist the first approach assumes the city tourist to be a tourist relative only to the primary elements of the city (museums, attraction,. . . ) But a "consumer out of his familiar context" relative to the secondary features of the city (shops,. . . ). This consumer discovers a new buying experience during his stay, but keeps a certain number of "buying reflexes". His decision-making processus is that of a consumer who finds himself removed from his usual purchasing environment. The second approach assumes the city tourist to be an individual on holiday for a few days in a certain city. The tourist is stimulated by the purchasing city environment. He will undergo certain experiences on the spot and buy certain products. His decision-making processus resembles that of an individual in search of variety. Based on the relevant literature, we have elaborated a model-building of city tourist shopping behavior during his stay
Labarre, Michel. "Le processus d'adaptation à la naissance d'un premier enfant chez les jeunes pères en contexte économique précaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29387/29387.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBélanger, Philippe. "Environnement psychosocial de travail, niveau socio-économique et tension artérielle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23914/23914.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOuellet-Morin, Isabelle. "Le développement des problèmes de comportement extérisés chez les enfants vivant en contexte de défavorisation : une nouvelle conceptualisation de la pauvreté." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/46533.
Повний текст джерелаBeasley, Elizabeth. "Policies for increasing prosocial behavior : evidence from three experimental studies." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0047/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe essays contained in this dissertation use empirical evidence to address two issues which are critically important given our growing understanding of the relationship of social preferences to economic growth and well-being at the country level: the foundations of prosocial behavior and the impact of policies designed to increase it. Levels of prosocial behavior have often been taken as a given, fixed, factor, but these essays provide evidence that they are subject to change from policy interventions. Given that there are few interventions specifically focused on trust and cooperation, there may be large scope for improving welfare by increasing the policy focus on this issue, and these essays provide evidence that this is indeed the case. Chapter 1 addresses the foundations of pro-social behavior using different frames in requests for a public good contribution, and shows that information on the social norm is the most potent motivator of public good contribution. In Chapter 2 provides empirical and theoretical evidence from a large project that pro-social behavior at the community level, in contributing to local public services, depends on the anticipated efficacy of that behavior. Chapter 3 provides new evidence on the impact of trust on the individual level, and shows that a childhood training program that increased trust, as well as improving attention and reducing delinquency, set off a chain of events resulting in better long-term outcomes for individuals in terms of education, criminality, and economic performance
Tribou, Gary. "L'entrepreneur musulman : Islam et rationalité d'entreprise." Mulhouse, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MULH0213.
Повний текст джерелаBienenstock, Sophie. "Trois essais sur l'analyse économique du droit de la consommation." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020025/document.
Повний текст джерелаConsumers have bounded rationality and exhibit cognitive biases. The thesis studies the consequences of such biases on consumer choice and implications on consumer policy. Each chapter of the thesis investigates one specific bias (quality bias, utility misperception and projection bias) in a given market structure. The first two chapters focus on stan- dard duopoly models, in whichcognitive biases are incorporated: I build a horizontally differentiated duopoly based on Dixit (1979)in chapter 1, and a vertically differentiated duopoly inspired by Gabszewicz & Thisse (1979) in chapter 2. As for the third chapter, it extends to three periods, in a monopolistic framework, the projection bias model proposed by Loewenstein et al. (2003). I come to the conclusion that, while cognitive biases sometimes lead to suboptimal consumption decisions (chapters 1 and 2), naive consumers can be better off than their sophisticated counterparts(chapter 3). This observation pleads in favor of a non-systematic and context dependant legal intervention to counter cognitive errors. I argue in favor of a new approach of consumer policy, that would focus less on information disclosures in favor of debiasing schemes. Examples of such debiasing policies are discussed throughout the thesis
Labbé, Jean. "La réciprocité en présence d'un paiement à la pièce : une expérience économique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25470/25470.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBoogaerts, Laurence. "Contribution à une étude du concept d'implication et de ses manifestations en psychologie économique: une analyse en termes d'élaboration d'échelles et de questionnaires appliqués à des signifiés-produits et à des signifiés-publicités." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211846.
Повний текст джерелаJolivet, Patrick. "Représentation économique du comportement écologique des consommateurs : le cas des déchets ménagers." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003288.
Повний текст джерелаLa problématique centrale de cette thèse est donc la suivante : peut-on représenter économiquement le phénomène ‘déchet' dans l'acte individuel de consommation ? Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous proposons de représenter la sensibilité des consommateurs vis-à-vis de l'environnement, en général, et des déchets en particulier. Le postulat est que les individus peuvent intégrer la variable ‘environnement' dans leurs choix de consommation, dès l'achat de produits sur le marché : ceci définit ce que nous proposons d'appeler la rationalité environnementale continue des agents économiques.
Dans une seconde partie, nous caractérisons le comportement d'un individu qui choisit de trier ses déchets. A partir d'une enquête qualitative que nous avons réalisée, nous recherchons dans les discours et les pratiques des agents à définir ce qu'est le comportement du consommateur-producteur (-trieur) de déchets. Il apparaît, lors de cette enquête, que la sensibilité écologique des agents économiques, lorsqu'elle existe, ne se traduit pas prioritairement dans leurs choix de consommation. Les préoccupations vis-à-vis des déchets ménagers, postérieures aux décisions d'achat de biens, définissent une rationalité environnementale discontinue et nous conduisent à élargir le cadre d'analyse traditionnel du consommateur.
Kessous, Aurélie. "Nostalgie et relations des consommateurs aux marques : contributions théoriques et implications manageriales." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32053.
Повний текст джерелаNostalgia is a complex concept needing further clarification and understanding. Despite its wide use by marketing practitioners, few researchers have conducted a systematic review. However, its influence and consequence in terms of brand relationships is essential as its use is not without challenge (Robert Demontrond and Boulbry, 2003). The purpose of this doctoral dissertation is twofolf, addressing both conceptual and managerial perspectives. From a coneptual perspective, it aims at developing a comprehensive understanding of nostalgia through the identification of variables associated with the meaning and structure of consumer brand relationships. From a managerial perspective, it identifies variables relevant to brand strategy implementation based on nostalgia. To this end, three separate studies were undertaken. The first two utilise a comprehensive approach (qualitative studies 1 and 2). Study 1 captures the stability of memories associated with brands and nostalgic objects using a longitudinal analysis in three steps (duration : 28 months). It anchors products and evokes brand nostalgia through the construction of participants' identity, a prerequisite for the second study. Study 2 focuses on the meanings of nostalgia and highlights two classifications : moments and profiles of nostalgic consumers. Study 3 is part of a mangerial approach (quantitavive study). It shows that brands perceveid as nostalgic create stronger relationships with their consumers than brands that are not, and leads to the formulation of several pertinent recommendations
Camilotto, Nicolas. "Trois essais sur la notion de confiance en économie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ0031.
Повний текст джерелаThe examination of the social bond that unites individuals within a society is a broadand recurrent subject of research in the social sciences. Concepts such as interest, mutualassistance, law, sociability, and sympathy have traditionally influenced how scholars ineconomics, sociology, and political science perceive the social fabric. However, in recentdecades, the concept of trust has emerged as a dominant force, fundamentally transforming the discourse on this topic specially in economics. The study of trust has gained significant traction in the social sciences since the 1990s, resulting in a substantial an interdisciplinary body of literature. This thesis offers a history of these recent transformations, problematized around the tension between the desire to develop an economic approach to trust and the inherently interdisciplinary nature of this subject.The first chapter investigates the transition of the concept of trust from sociologyto economics during a seminar titled “Seminar on Trust and Social Change” which tookplace at King's College Cambridge, from 1985 to 1986. Organized by sociologist DiegoGambetta, this seminar acted as an interface for scientific exchanges and allowed tworesearch programs to exchange methods and objects so as to form an interdisciplinaryprogram on the notion of trust.The second article employs quantitative and computational tools to offer a concise andcomprehensive overview of the research domains related to trust. The analysis carried outallows us to conclude that the fields of research on trust do not fall into a disciplinary partitioning. Consequently, there is no “economics of trust” per se, but rather distinctresearch fields within economics, characterized in part by their varying interactions withother disciplines.The third and final chapter offer to blend historical and methodological perspectives toexamine the Trust Game. Since its publication in 1995 by Berg, Dickhaut, and McCabe, theTrust Game has become the standard methodology for investigating trust experimentallyin economics (as well as in psychology). We demonstrate that historically, the use of theTrust Game in economics is primarily situated at the core of two distinct approaches. Wethen analyze this duality from a methodological standpoint to reveal that it encompassesa divergence in the interpretation of the concept of validity concerning the results ofthe Trust Game. We assert that these validity criteria are overly constrictive to offer asatisfactory economic approach to trust based on the Trust Game
N'Goala, Gilles. "Une approche fonctionnelle de la relation à la marque : de la valeur perçue des produits à la fidélité des consommateurs." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20050.
Повний текст джерелаBourai, Slimane. "L'amélioration des pratiques de veille en entreprise : approches analytiques et expertes de l'intervention." Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ012L/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis questions the effectiveness of interventions for the improvement and acceptance of technological devices, our study being more specifically centred on monitoring systems. The development of technological monitoring encounters resistance from human beings related to the acceptance of technology. We carried out interventions responding to this statement and to the need to measure its effectiveness. On a theoretical level, our work sought out the articulation between the contributions of ergonomics, psychology and the acceptance of technology in the favouring of monitoring behaviours. Moreover the latter depend on the factors “easy perception”, “easy use” but also on the ergonomical process of improving the system. The psychosocial processes of engagement are the other variables that influence acceptance in general. Our methodology, based on three field studies, sought to identify the values of the management, to analyse the monitoring practices of three companies but also the factors of success in technological acceptance. In order to validate our model of the acceptance of technological monitoring, we carried out two interventions in the world of enterprise. Besides producing or improving a monitoring behaviour, above all we wanted to test the effectiveness of various steps (ergonomics, psychosocial, concurrent psychoergonomics) regarding a given monitoring behaviour. Our results suggest that the method of intervention based on the consideration of ergonomical factors proves to be the most efficient. We then discuss the effects in terms of satisfaction and participation of the users, of adjusting the devices and of efficiency. Furthermore, key variables such as the usability and the psychosocial modes of engagement were found to be less successful but are to be considered in the increase in monitoring behaviours in the world of enterprise
Bousquet, Léa. "Three essays on intertemporal choices." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0099.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis uses methods from behavioral economics to contribute to the analyses of intertemporal choices. First, the influences of consumers' present bias and their naivete about this bias on the market power of firms competing imperfectly are studied. In this framework, present-biased but sophisticated consumers allow firms to increase their profit by giving them more market power. Under certain conditions the present bias can also increase social welfare. Individuals' naivete either does not change firms' profit or reduces it. Yet, it always causes inefficiencies so that social welfare is reduced. Second, this thesis, through a lab experiment, aims at measuring the ability of individuals to anticipate their present or future bias. These biases and the accuracy of their anticipation are elicited from the choices of monetary allocations between two dates and the anticipation of those choices. The main result from this study is that individuals who are present- or future-biased tend to underestimate their bias. Finally, this thesis provides a theoretical explanation for the link between risk aversion and screening decision. The value of information can be instrumental but also emotional. Individuals may be risk averse on health status but also derive relatively less utility from a positive emotional reaction than disutility from a negative one, that is to say, be averse to information. If the information is only instrumental, risk aversion increases the likelihood to get tested. However, considering also the emotional value of the information, if the individual is strongly averse to information, the more risk averse she is and the less likely she chooses to get tested
Malardé, Vincent. "Économie collaborative et régulation des plateformes numériques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G006.
Повний текст джерелаFacilitated by peer-to-peer platforms, the sharing economy has become part of the French way of life. Airbnb, Blablacar, Leboncoin... these platforms are now well known in France. This thesis aims to provide more elements, both theoretical and empirical, to inform the current debates around these platforms. This thesis work begins by using survey data to measure the importance of the use of collaborative platforms in France, and to establish the socio-economic characteristics of users. Then this thesis focuses on the dynamics of developing a collaborative platform,through the example of the French home-to-work ride-sharing platform, iDVROOM. The objective is to study the complementary role of network effects, spatial effects and community effects on the development of the platform. The rest of this thesis focuses on the competition between the short-term rental platform Airbnb and the hotel industry in Paris. The effect of the density of hosts on the collaborative platform on the price charged by an hotel is the subject of a firstempirical study, before being modeled in a theoretical way to discuss the possible effects of a set of alternative regulations of the platform’s activity. Finally, competition between two platforms is analysed when they have the possibility of implementing tariff discrimination strategies designed to encourage supplier exclusivity. The conclusion develops the implications of these results forpolicy makers, platforms and academic research
Bal, Charles. "Émotions et persuasion : proposition d'un modèle affectif de persuasion par le parrainage sportif." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010007.
Повний текст джерелаDimeglio, Isabelle. "De la confiance à la cohésion sociale : enjeux conceptuels, indicateurs et effets économiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX24018/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of the thesis is the analysis of the relationship between trust, social cohesion and performance. Through a critical analysis of the use of the notion of trust in economics, the thesis proposes a conceptual development leading to a three-dimensional conception of trust, a strategic trust, a personal trust and a generalized trust. Using a principal component analysis and processing data from the fifth wave of World Values Survey, we propose an empirical translation of this concept. The indicators we have constructed are used to perform an econometric analysis of the determinants of trust in terms of personal characteristics and factors such as religious and civic and political engagement. Based on these indicators the thesis provides an analysis of confidence in France in comparison with other OECD countries and a typology based on networks between the three types of trust and their different levels. Finally we propose a conceptualization of the notion of social cohesion in terms of civic and political participation, trust and inter-systemic and respect for diversity. From a hierarchical ascending classification we propose a typology of "social cohesion" of the OECD countries. Finally we test econometrically the effect of various indicators of trust and social cohesion on the economic and social performance
Dechaux, Pierrick. "L'économie face aux enquêtes psychologiques 1944 -1960 : unité de la science économique, diversité des pratiques." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E025.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation looks at the historical development of George Kantona's psychological surveys at the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan. The main legacy of this work has been the widespread adoption of confidence indicators. They are used each month by more than fifty countries and widely implemented by business managers and forecasters. How do we explain the widespread usage of these indicators despite a prevalent consensus in macroeconomics and microeconomics that does not consider them as important tools? In order to answer this question, we study several controversies that occurred around Michigan surveys between 1944 and 1960. It is shown that this era is characterized by many interdisciplinary exchanges guided by the practical needs of decision-makers in governments and private companies. I show that if economists know little about these debates, it is because they were maintained in disciplinary fields on the periphery of economics. These fields are centered on practical problems that theoretical economists progressively abandoned. This thesis offers a new way of understanding the history of recent macroeconomics and behavioral economics by proposing an analysis of the links between economic theory and its application in practice. For instance, the history of post-war intellectual dynamics cannot be reduced to theoretical innovations or to a new relationship between theory and empiricism. Indeed, these dynamics rely also on the transformation of the boundaries between the science and its art; between the economy on the one hand and marketing and forecasting on the other
Desmarchelier, Benoît. "La croissance tertiaire face à la problématique environnementale : une approche par les systèmes multi-agents." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL12004/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis starts from a paradoxical observation, that of a temporal correspondence in the birth of three phenomena : problematic and growing pollution levels, tertiarization of economic activities and mass material consumption. This correspondence constitutes a paradox, because it is given that services are rather non-material activities, and also because tertiarized economies have often been described as composed by individuals searching to consume qualitative and tertiary products rather than searching to consume massively material goods. We explain this correspondence by the adaptive behavior of the economic agents.Tertiarization implies that the demand of goods reaches progressively its level of repletion. We explore the hypothesis that industrial firms have responded to this repletion by implementing planned obsolescence strategies. It seems that these strategies are behind the birth of the consumption society. In this context, the consumption society appears as a consequence of the tertiarization process. For all that, growth and the environment are not conflicting objectives for tertiary economies. Indeed, their growth is increasingly based on the accumulation of intangible capitals. This new source of accumulation permits to undertake majortransformations within industrial production processes without challenging the general process of economic growth. Furthermore, an environmental tax policy seems to be able to induce such desirable transformations
Pham, Thi Lan Huong. "Image du pays d'origine au Vietnam et efficacité publicitaire." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21001.
Повний текст джерелаZanardelli, Mireille. "Impact de la maladie sur la décision d'absence ou de présence au travail : analyse économique du présentéisme, appliquée au Luxembourg." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0314/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on presenteeism at work, a phenomenon that refers to the behavior of employees who go to work although they are sick. Our goal is to try to answer the following question: what is the decision process that leads an individual who is temporarily affected by sickness to decide to report sick and/or to attend despite the illness? Specifically, our goal is to study the determinants that lead a sick employee to choose between three options: a total absence (the employee is absent for the whole duration of the spell of illness), total attendance (he works for the whole duration), partial attendance, that is to say a combination of absence and attendance in the same spell of illness. To our knowledge, this third possibility has never been considered in the literature, which only distinguishes absence and attendance. To analyze the choice between these three possibilities, we have designed and conducted a survey to identify, for each employee in the survey, his last spell of illness, and for it, the decision between total absence, total attendance and partial attendance. As we will show, taking into account combinations of absence and attendance in the same spell of illness significantly modifies the measure of presenteeism, in comparison to the way it is generally measured in the empirical literature. Our results also highlight the predominant role of illness characteristics in the behavior of the employee, especially the role of the duration of the spell of an illness. Our results also show the effect on the decision of, one the one hand, risks that the employee takes for his future health if he decides to attend, totally or partially and, on the other hand, risks he takes for his job and for his future wage if he decides to report sick leave during the full spell of illness or during just a part of it
Chaumet, Eric. "La nutrition entérale à domicile (NED) : expérience de l'hôpital d'Eaubonne." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P200.
Повний текст джерелаMouminoux, Claire. "Biais comportementaux et stratégies des acteurs du marché de l'assurance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1213.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims at explaining interactions among economic agents operating in the retail insurance market. On the one hand, the policyholder is willing to be covered against a risk. To do so, they have to explore the insurance market to purchase a contract in line with their risk perception. On the other hand, insurers compete in a regulated market which imposes capital constraints for shock loss absorption purposes. In between, intermediaries may provide services in order to facilitate interaction between risk-adverse consumers and risk-taker firms. In this context, we analyze economic behaviors of insurance actors through different perspectives. Chapter 1 and 2 both result from original laboratory experiments, conducted through a web-interface especially designed for these studies. Results in Chapter 3 rely on a theoretical model and numerical simulations. Chapter 1 emphasizes on the relationship between honesty and beliefs about honesty of economic agents. According to laboratory results, we show how the uncertainty and the perception of advantageous conditions impact the level of honesty and beliefs about honesty. In general, consumers estimate that intermediaries are more honest than they really are, hence supporting their physical presence in the insurance market. However, intermediary financial incentives are a source of distortion of honesty beliefs: the weaker the level of the incentive, the stronger the deviation anticipations. In Chapter 2, we shed light on the dilemma faced by insurance purchasers under a multichannel distribution. Should the consumer, themselves, choose from a large set of insurance policies, or rather delegate a part of their decision to a more or less honest intermediary? Using experimental approaches, including exogenous search costs, we show that obfuscation and beliefs about intermediary honesty are the main determinants of individual choices. We also find that obfuscation and intermediaries’ deviation are the main sources of inefficiency in decision-making, especially regarding the features of the insurance contracts chosen by consumers. Our identification of the focal point effect supports the importance of the price level on purchasing decisions rather than the risk environment or the coverage level. The introduction of search costs in the exploration process, as well as the heterogeneity of beliefs about honesty, justify multichannel distribution strategies adopted by insurers. An analysis of insurer price competition with a repeated one-period non-cooperative game is conducted in Chapter 3, where both insurer losses and consumer behaviors are stochastic. Because of regulatory obligations, we consider a solvency constraint when computing Nash-Equilibrium. We determine the sensitivity of the premium equilibrium with respect to the parameters, especially when firms do not benefit from same competitive advantages (i.e. reputation effect leading to differences in consumers inertia or market seniority leading to differences in capital stock). We also study insurers’ market share in response to the entry of new insurer undercutting prices but dealing with binding solvency constraints
Tessier, Nathalie. "La formalisation de la relation d'emploi des cadres en France : un examen à partir des pratiques d'appréciation." Lyon 3, 2004. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2004_out_tessier_n.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSocio-economic trends of the last twenty years have changed the relationship of managers with their organization. Formalized appraisal systems seem to be implement in most organizations. If these systems are used to make some decisions concerning career and training; they can also be used in case of dismissals if the manager does not achieve his results. The classical employment relationship based on loyalty and confidence appears to take a more objective turning. Our work deals with the changes that formalized appraisal practices would provide to the modes of managing executives. Our qualitative research included two studies: a location of current appraisal performance practices in various organizations, and an analysis of the causes of rupture of employment relation
Civel, Edouard. "The Red and the Green : essays on the economics of information in the sustainable habitat market." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100049.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation investigates the value of information in the context of the economics of green buildings, by combining theoretic, empirical and experimental approaches. First, the perception of Energy Performance Certificate is studied through an artefactual field experiment on a representative sample of the French population. We point up a mixed cognitive efficiency for the label. A significant part of the population ignores it, however attentive subjects do use the label to revise their prior beliefs on energy quality. Second, we provide evidence of the capitalization of this information into real estate prices over two French regions. Low-consumption houses exhibit, ceteris paribus, a significant green premium that matches with techno-economic estimations of associated renovation costs. However, despite this ‘green value’, the pace of energy renovations remains slow in the French market: the energy label information does not reduce uncertainty on the outcomes of the renovation process. In a third time, we show through a strategic option model that the lack of reliable information about renovation quality can delay investment decisions, and even inhibit their diffusion. Recently, several innovations have opened the possibility of producing reliable information on quality in the building industry. Then, fourthly, we explore with a laboratory experiment people's Willingness-To-Pay for information. Its magnitude is evidenced as significantly higher than information theoretic value. Nonetheless, pricing information has overall mixed effects on behaviors, inducing more strategic thinking but also some cognitive biases. A careful design of information markets is thus required
Moalla, Mehdi. "La différenciation des produits et services touristiques par la qualité et le territoire : une application aux services touristiques et environnementaux territorialisés." Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE21027.
Повний текст джерелаRizkallah, Élias. "Étude sur l'économie et ses représentations sociales à travers deux cadres théoriques : exploration des lieux de détermination d'un débat." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26025/26025.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаClément, Adèle. "La construction de la subjectivité dans la société française contemporaine : analyse de la dialectique entre Dire et discours dans les champs de la politique, du sujet et du lien social." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC055/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe question the impact of contemporary discourses on the subjectivity, the visible resistances - meaning the one that are represented - and more particularly the external form that come to produce an internal reversal of these discourses and/or the mobilization of new practices which do not seek to be recognized. Among the dominant discourses, we expand on the discourse of economic value, the discourse of technosciences and the discourse of risk. The interconnections are analyzed, particularly in terms of the reflexivity produced in the subject, with the Lacanian discourses of the analyst and the capitalist. Some emergent affection, which is not associated with ideational representative, may occur at the level of politics, subject, and social. Emergent affections are precisely what occurs itself from the body and that can not find any instinctual representative in the social. They are distinguished from affects as they are themselves associated with discourses, producing objects of knowledge that condition them. From these affections, there may be repression, appointment (Say), or attachment to existing affects. The discursive event at politic level mobilizes a homogeneous representation to produce common affects from emerging affections: the plurality of power places leaves the established discursive authority lessened. In social terms, the production of knowledge is both invisibilised in the standard, but it is also, as a desire to know, a producer of links: the emerging affection finds a form of practical constitution that does not go through discursive recognition
Delaume, Raluca. "Evaluation of cognitive biases in procurement decisions : an empirical analysis." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020053.
Повний текст джерелаThe evolution of Procurement function over the past decades requires to take a new perspective to understand how Procurement managers can contribute to the firm’s competitiveness and support the strategy of the organisation. For this, we use the bounded rationality theory to examine the decision-making process in Procurement. Our study follows the tradition of Behavioural research in Management field by considering the heuristics and the consequent cognitive biases. We use advances from Behavioural Economics in order to understand the effects of psychological, social, cognitive, and emotional factors on the decisions of Procurement managers and we aim to explain why and how their behaviour does not follow the predictions of economic models. For these purposes, this study takes empirical examinations of the decisions in the various steps of the Procurement cycle using qualitative and quantitative data. Three main studies have been performed. First, we identify and depict the main cognitive biases affecting the decisions of Buyers. Second, we aim to understand if there is a statistically significant difference between the Buyers of goods and Buyers of services with regard to the main cognitive biases they are prone to exhibiting. Third, a case study illustrates how the main cognitive biases emerge in the Procurement decisions and how stakeholders from other departments influence the decisions in Procurement space.This dissertation ultimately seeks to demonstrate that increasing the realism of the psychological underpinnings of the decisions in the Procurement space will help the organisations to recognise and potentially avoid decision errors and thus contribute to an increase the organisation’s competitiveness
Jeanningros, Hugo. "Conduire numériquement les conduites : économie comportementale, objets connectés et prévention dans l’assurance privée française." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL115.
Повний текст джерелаThe Insurance’s ability to shape and distribute risks and responsibilities relies on the exploitation of multiple sources of data. The large amount of information produced in the digital era can be mobilized in order to reconfigure the relationship between the insurers and the insureds. Behavioral insurance, which builds on the tracking and valuation of the insured’s daily behavioral data, constitutes a striking and politically sensitive case, even though it is a poorly documented phenomenon. Building on a qualitative investigation and the deployment of an economic sociology of information, this research sheds light on the origins and the concrete functioning of behavioral insurance. The research shows the context of emergence of these products and the ways these are designed and implemented. If the wield of power by insurance is as old as the institution itself, it appears that the forms of this wielding are unprecedented. On the basis of behavioral economics theories and the shaping of an informational pipelines built on the uses of tracking devices, the promoters of behavioral insurance attempt to digitally conduct insured’s daily conducts, and to act as conductors of the alignment of individual, entrepreneurial and societal interests. Behavioral insurance is an uncompleted attempt of shaping an algorithmic governmentality
Duchêne, Sébastien. "Quatre essais sur la rationalité limitée en économie et finance comportementales." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0022.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis studies bounded rationality through four chapters, combining theoretical models, laboratory experiments and statistical and econometric analyzes. In the first two chapters, we test the validity of new models in economics which rely on the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics to account for cognitive biases. In chapter 1, we consider models explaining the order effect and we derive new experimental predictions. In chapter 2, we propose an original experiment to test a wide range of quantum models that account for the conjunction fallacy. Both groups of models fail in our empirical tests and we then discuss possible ways to improve these models. The third chapter explores how individuals deal with successive, complex and abundant economic information. Our experimental results show the subjects' inability to combine such information, which confirms the fuzzy trace theory. Finally, the fourth chapter deals with experimental finance. It studies how margin buying (respectively short selling) increases (decreases) price levels, volatility, heterogeneity of markets, and traders' price expectations, as well as how it changes trading strategies. Our results highlight the clear consequences of each of these techniques used alone, and point to unexpected phenomena when both are combined. Regulatory authorities could take advantage of our analyzes to reduce the destabilization introduced by these techniques
Jullien, Dorian. "A methodological perspective on behavioral economics and the role of language in economic rationality." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE0012/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this dissertation, we propose a methodological perspective on the twofold role of language in economic rationality, economists’ uses of language to theorize it and economic agent’s uses of language to express it, can clarify three main issues (and their connections), underlying the behavioral versus standard economics debates: the issue of the theoretical unification regarding the three dimensions of economic rationality, the issue of interdisciplinarity between economics and Psychology and the positive/normative issue within models of individual behaviors. Regarding the positive/normative issue and the role of language in the behaviors of economic agents, the intention is to provide a constructive criticism of contributions from behavioral as well as standard economists. Following the entanglement thesis of philosopher Hilary Puntam and philosophers-economists Vivian Walsh and Amartya Sen, it is argued that both standard and behavioral economists propose an unsatisfying articulation between the positive and normative dimensions of models of individual behaviors; and that recognizing the entanglement of facts, values and conventions can actually be theoretically and empirically fruitful. Paying some attention to the role of language in the behaviors of economic agents may sometimes show that a seemingly irrational behavior can in fact be defended as rational; hence we argue that, and show how, the implicit axiom -- known as ‘description invariance’ -- in standard models of individual behaviors preventing the influence of language needs to be weakened (though not dropped entirely), contrary to the positions of most behavioral and standard economists
Mazureau-Pajot, Laurence. "Analyse économique de l'isolement." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT4006.
Повний текст джерелаThe isolation of people comprises both deeply demographic and long term changes, the economic and social significance of which has only been perceived for one decade. This phenomenon is not a specific French problem because most of the developed countries are experiencing the same developments, albeit with différences according to age groups. The objective of this work is threefold. First of all, we airn to redefine the contexts surrounding the situations involving isolation by taking into account the dynamics of contemporary social changes. Secondly, we will endeavor to présent the éléments of microeconomic theory likely to describe this phenomenon. Finally, we will attempt to provide an empirical explanation and to interpret the population growth of isolated people
Mulangwa-Kyomba, Katako. "Les disparités régionales du système d'enseignement zaïrois: étude diagnostique et politique de planification." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213530.
Повний текст джерелаTeschl, Miriam. "L'identité de l'agent économique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX32006.
Повний текст джерелаThe arguments in this thesis are based on the idea that personal identity matters in economics. Personal identity is a philosophical question that inquires what criteria can specify if a person continues to be the same over time even though she changes. In economics, the continuity of the economic agent is commonly assumed to be located in her stable preference ordering. This is what I call the " what "-identity of the economic agent, which is characterised by the fact that people change their behaviour only if their constraints change. I propose instead to focus on a characterisation of the economic agent that tells us " who " she or he is. This would mean to give an account that not only explains changing behaviour because of modified circumstances, but also because preferences, i. E. The iderntity criterion of the economic agent changed over time. The " who "-identity might insofar be important as it gives us of a coherent and rational account of choice even if preferences change
Solda, Alice. "Overconfidence as an interpersonal strategy." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2010.
Повний текст джерелаStandard economic models assume that individuals collect and process information in a way that gives them a relatively accurate perception of reality. However, this assumption is often violated. Data shows that individuals often form positively biased beliefs about themselves, which can have detrimental economic con-sequences. This thesis aims to explain the persistence of overconfidence in social interactions by showing the existence of strategic benefits of being overconfident that offset its social cost.Using a series of laboratory experiments, this thesis shows that (i) overconfidence emerges primarily when it provides an advantage in social interactions (Chapter2) and (ii) identify situations in which overconfidence is likely to be socially detrimental (Chapter 3 and 4). This thesis contributes to the literature by enhancing our understanding of the situational determinants of overconfidence in social interactions and lay the foundations to improve policies intended to prevent or limit its negative effects
Nguyen, Van Phu. "Croissance économique et environnement." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR1EC03.
Повний текст джерелаRouillon, Sébastien. "Analyse économique de l'effet de serre." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010085.
Повний текст джерелаThis work has two aims. First, as announced in the title, it surveys the main reflections about the climate change in the economic literature. Secondly, it proposes two personal contributions. The first one considers the issue of a catastrophic environmental collapse and the way the social planner should deal with it. So, it develops a decision-rule that is applied when the social planner faces the choice to cross or not a critical threshold of pollution (and so generating the catastrophe). The latter compares the economic cost of the emission constraint, designed to avoid the catastrophe, to the damage of the catastrophic event. When this damage is first known with uncertainty, but grows wellknown thanks to scientific progress, the method used proves the existence of a positive quasioption value in the context of a climate change policy. The second personal contribution to the literature expands the coalition theory to the case of many different players and applies it to the description of the international negotiations about the climate change. When studying free access coalitions without transfers, it demonstrates that countries forming stable agreements show high marginal benefits of pollution abatement and rapidly growing marginal costs of pollution abatement. Turning to agreements allowing transfers, the results are modified. Then, the coalitions bring together one country with the characteristics just described, and two others, less concerned with a clean environment (they suffer less from pollution), but having a flat marginal cost of pollution abatement. This coalition remains stable thanks to the compensations offered by the first country to the others, which, that way, implicitly subsidises their action