Статті в журналах: "Pruning residual"

1

Huang, Yangke, and Zhiming Wang. "Multi-granularity pruning for deep residual networks." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, no. 5 (November 19, 2020): 7403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-200771.

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Network pruning has been widely used to reduce the high computational cost of deep convolutional neural networks(CNNs). The dominant pruning methods, channel pruning, removes filters in layers based on their importance or sparsity training. But these methods often give limited acceleration ratio and encounter difficulties when pruning CNNs with skip connections. Block pruning methods take a sequence of consecutive layers (e.g., Conv-BN-ReLu) as a block and remove entire block each time. However, previous methods usually introduce new parameters to help pruning and lead additional parameters and extra computations. This work proposes a novel multi-granularity pruning approach that combines block pruning with channel pruning (BPCP). The block pruning (BP) module remove blocks by directly searches the redundant blocks with gradient descent and leaves no extra parameters in final models, which is friendly to hardware optimization. The channel pruning (CP) module remove redundant channels based on importance criteria and handles CNNs with skip connections properly, which further improves the overall compression ratio. As a result, for CIFAR10, BPCP reduces the number of parameters and MACs of a ResNet56 model up to 78.9% and 80.3% respectively with <3% accuracy drop. In terms of speed, it gives a 3.17 acceleration ratio. Our code has been made available at https://github.com/Pokemon-Huang/BPCP.

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2

Duca, Daniele, Vittorio Maceratesi, Sara Fabrizi, and Giuseppe Toscano. "Valorising Agricultural Residues through Pelletisation." Processes 10, no. 2 (January 26, 2022): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10020232.

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The agricultural sector and its related production chains are good sources of residual biomass. Olive and vineyard pruning residues are present in high quantities in Italy. The limited bulk and energy densities of these biomass materials affect the harvesting and logistic costs, limiting energy and environmental sustainability. Pelletisation is the most efficient process for increasing bulk and energy densities. This study evaluates the pelletisation process of olive and vineyard prunings, pure, or blended with variable quantities of spruce sawdust. A 15 kW pelletisation system was chosen, in line with production at the farm level. The most important quality parameters of the produced agripellets were analyzed. The results of this investigation suggest that blending could valorize other biomass materials less suitable for pelletisation and reach the pellet quality required by Italian technical standards. The addition of pruning residues to spruce sawdust leads to an improvement in durability. Spruce sawdust pellets have a durability value of 78.4%. Adding 20% of olive prunings (S80O20) increases this value to 92.2, while adding 20% vineyard prunings (S80V20) increases this value up to 90.3. The addition of 20% of pruning residues significantly increased the length and decreased fines.

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3

Turnblom, Eric C., and Randol L. Collier. "Growth of Residual Branches on Pruned Coastal Douglas-Fir." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 18, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/18.3.185.

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Abstract Anecdotal evidence gathered from pruning crew observations indicates that there may be enhanced branch growth at the new crown base in young pruned coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) trees compared to unpruned trees. This has the potential to reduce the quality and value of the stem above the pruned portion of the bole. An analysis of the size of branches in the remaining crown on pruned trees and matched unpruned trees of the same size at the time of pruning indicates that residual branches do not increase in diameter or length in response to light and moderate pruning. However, with a severe pruning there was a modest increase in branch length. Residual branch size in response to pruning 4 yr after treatment appears to offer no real risk in degrading quality of the unpruned portion of the stem as a cost for increasing the quality of the pruned stem. West. J. Appl. For. 18(3):185–188.

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4

Lanier, Gerald. "Therapy for Dutch Elm Disease." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 14, no. 9 (September 1, 1988): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1988.055.

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An aggregate of 82 American elms in Syracuse New York and Washington D.C. naturally infected with Dutch elm disease were given therapy by pruning infected limbs, injection of benzimizol fungicides, or combinations of these treatments. Pruning alone was applied only when there was a distance of 3 m or more from the last visible streak to the distal cut. Pruning without injection was successful in each of 10 current year infections, but in none of 3 residual infections. Fungicide injection without pruning succeeded in 76% of current year and 33% of residual infections. Fungicide injection plus pruning was successful therapy for 100% of the current year and 71% of the residual infections. Each of five "incurable" trees showed no further symptoms after fungicide was injected directly into infected wood in a large limb or the bole as well as into the root collars. Relatively massive injection of fungicide in trees with root graft-transmitted DED did not succeed.

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5

Lee, Donghyeon, Eunho Lee, and Youngbae Hwang. "Lossless Reconstruction of Convolutional Neural Network for Channel-Based Network Pruning." Sensors 23, no. 4 (February 13, 2023): 2102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042102.

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Network pruning reduces the number of parameters and computational costs of convolutional neural networks while maintaining high performance. Although existing pruning methods have achieved excellent results, they do not consider reconstruction after pruning in order to apply the network to actual devices. This study proposes a reconstruction process for channel-based network pruning. For lossless reconstruction, we focus on three components of the network: the residual block, skip connection, and convolution layer. Union operation and index alignment are applied to the residual block and skip connection, respectively. Furthermore, we reconstruct a compressed convolution layer by considering batch normalization. We apply our method to existing channel-based pruning methods for downstream tasks such as image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation. Experimental results show that compressing a large model has a 1.93% higher accuracy in image classification, 2.2 higher mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) in semantic segmentation, and 0.054 higher mean Average Precision (mAP) in object detection than well-designed small models. Moreover, we demonstrate that our method can reduce the actual latency by 8.15× and 5.29× on Raspberry Pi and Jetson Nano, respectively.

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6

Florindo, Tiago, Ana I. Ferraz, Ana C. Rodrigues, and Leonel J. R. Nunes. "Residual Biomass Recovery in the Wine Sector: Creation of Value Chains for Vine Pruning." Agriculture 12, no. 5 (May 7, 2022): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050670.

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Waste management is a current and transversal problem in all production areas, including agriculture. Within this economic activity, wine production generates a large amount of waste, namely, that resulting from the winemaking activity itself, such as pomace and grape stalks, and waste resulting from the management of the vineyards, with operations such as vine pruning. The management of vine pruning residuals has traditionally been conducted by burning leftovers on-site, without any use for the energy produced. This research analyzed the potential for the valorization of residual biomass resulting from vine pruning by creating a business model based on value chains of local scale. For this analysis, several samples of residues resulting from the “Loureiro” vine variety planted in Ponte de Lima (northern Portugal) were collected and characterized. The objective of the small-scale business model created, in addition, to solving the environmental problems related to the disposal of waste from agricultural activities, a value chain can be established, contributing to increasing the income of the farmers while introducing a circular bioeconomy and sustainable rural development practices.

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Nunes, Leonel J. R., Abel M. Rodrigues, João C. O. Matias, Ana I. Ferraz, and Ana C. Rodrigues. "Production of Biochar from Vine Pruning: Waste Recovery in the Wine Industry." Agriculture 11, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11060489.

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The production of residual biomass, such as vine pruning, presents environmental problems since its elimination is usually carried out through the uncontrolled burning of the remaining materials and with the emission of greenhouse gases without any counterpart. The use of these residues to produce biochar presents several advantages. In addition to the more common energy recovery, other conversion ways allowing new uses, such as soil amendment and carbon sequestration, can be analyzed as options as well. In the present study, vine pruning biomasses are characterized to evaluate the behavior of the different constituents. Then, the different possible applications are discussed. It is concluded that materials resulting from the pruning of vineyards have excellent characteristics for energy recovery, with an increment of more than 50% in the heating value and almost 60% in the carbon content when carbonized. This recovery procedure contributes to creating new value chains for residual materials to promote sustainable practices in the wine sector.

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8

Lu Quan, 卢泉, 刘上乾 Liu Shangqian, and 王会峰 Wang Huifeng. "Precise Location of Laser Spot Center Based on Residual Pruning." Acta Optica Sinica 28, no. 12 (2008): 2311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos20082812.2311.

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9

Tauro, Raúl, Borja Velázquez-Martí, Silvina Manrique, Martin Ricker, René Martínez-Bravo, Víctor M. Ruiz-García, Saraí Ramos-Vargas, Omar Masera, José A. Soria-González, and Cynthia Armendáriz-Arnez. "Potential Use of Pruning Residues from Avocado Trees as Energy Input in Rural Communities." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 1715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051715.

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The global need to transition to renewable and decentralized systems entails agricultural systems as producers of residual biomass. Avocado trees (Persea americana Mill.) are one of the main woody crops cultivated in Mexico, with over 150,000 hectares grown in the country. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the use of avocado pruning residues as an energy input, focusing on the revalorization of biomass and the generation of economic benefits for small producers in the region. For that purpose, we developed allometric equations to calculate biomass availability from pruning residues, evaluated their thermochemical properties, and proposed technological alternatives for their energy use. Two allometric equations for pruning residues as a function of tree height and crown diameter were obtained: one for light and minor maintenance pruning (R2 = 0.63) and one for rejuvenation pruning (R2 = 0.86). From these equations, we estimate the mean amount of biomass generated from light and rejuvenation pruning to be 42.7 and 25.1 kg per tree and year, respectively, which amounts to 1324 and 780 kg ha−1 DM (dry matter), with an energy potential of 26.2 and 15.4 GJ ha−1. The thermochemical analysis shows that a higher proportion of leaves generates a higher ash content, which reduces the quality of the residues as a fuel. Avocado pruning residues have high potential for energy use and could be implemented in the industrial and residential sectors, generating a complementary source of income for producers.

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10

Waring, Kristen M., and Kevin L. O'Hara. "Ten-Year Growth and Epicormic Sprouting Response of Western Larch to Pruning in Western Montana." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 20, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/20.4.228.

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Abstract Western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) is a fast-growing, deciduous conifer that is often managed for timber production in the inland Northwest. No previous study has documented the response of this species to artificial pruning. Trees pruned as part of a pruning cost study in 1992 were followed for 10 years to assess growth and epicormic sprout response. Trees were pruned to two heights: 2.4 and 5.5 m in three stands in western Montana. Epicormic sprouting occurred in a majority of trees in the first 2 years after pruning, but subsequently many sprouts died so that by year 10, only approximately 30% of trees had sprouts. Volume increment was adversely affected by more severe pruning among smaller trees pruned to the shorter lift. The volume increment of the trees that received the 5.5 m lift was generally unaffected, but trees receiving the 2.4 m lift were more sensitive to pruning. Initial tree diameter and residual crown length were important variables in predicting the 10-year volume increment in pruned trees. West. J. Appl. For. 20(4):228–232.

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11

Zhu, Wancai, Zhaogang Liu, Weiwei Jia, and Dandan Li. "Modelling the Tree Height, Crown Base Height, and Effective Crown Height of Pinus koraiensis Plantations Based on Knot Analysis." Forests 12, no. 12 (December 15, 2021): 1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12121778.

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Taking 1735 Pinus koraiensis knots in Mengjiagang Forest Farm plantations in Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province as the research object, a dynamic tree height, effective crown height, and crown base height growth model was developed using 349 screened knots. The Richards equation was selected as the basic model to develop a crown base height and effective crown height nonlinear mixed-effects model considering random tree-level effects. Model parameters were estimated with the non-liner mixed effect model (NLMIXED) Statistical Analysis System (SAS) module. The akaike information criterion (AIC), bayesian information criterion (BIC), −2 Log likelihood (−2LL), adjusted coefficient (Ra2), root mean square error (RMSE), and residual squared sum (RSS) values were used for the optimal model selection and performance evaluation. When tested with independent sample data, the mixed-effects model tree effects-considering outperformed the traditional model regarding their goodness of fit and validation; the two-parameter mixed-effects model outperformed the one-parameter model. Pinus koraiensis pruning times and intensities were calculated using the developed model. The difference between the effective crown and crown base heights was 1.01 m at the 15th year; thus, artificial pruning could occur. Initial pruning was performed with a 1.01 m intensity in the 15th year. Five pruning were required throughout the young forest period; the average pruning intensity was 1.46 m. The pruning interval did not differ extensively in the half-mature forest period, while the intensity decreased significantly. The final pruning intensity was only 0.34 m.

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12

Alcorn, Philip J., Jürgen Bauhus, R. Geoff B. Smith, Dane Thomas, Ryde James, and Adrienne Nicotra. "Growth response following green crown pruning in plantation-grown Eucalyptus pilularis and Eucalyptus cloeziana." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 4 (April 2008): 770–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-185.

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Pruning of live branches is performed to enhance wood quality in plantation trees. Stem, branch and wood properties may be altered following pruning from below, but the extent and duration of such effects are unknown for many plantation Eucalyptus species. The effect of 0%, 20%, 50%, and 70% green crown length removal on growth and wood quality was examined in 3.5-year-old plantation-grown Eucalyptus pilularis Sm. (blackbutt) and Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell. (Gympie messmate) trees on two subtropical sites in eastern Australia. Growth increment of the stem at breast height was not affected by 20% crown removal. However, stem increment at breast height was reduced for up to 8 months with 50% crown removal and up to 12 months with 70% crown removal. Pruning had no impact on height growth. However, the height of trees pruned to 70%, relative to the height of the surrounding unpruned trees, was temporarily reduced 12 months after pruning in both species. Stem form, stem taper, wood density, and residual branch growth above the pruned zone were unaffected by pruning. Owing to the fast vertical crown expansion, trees were able to rapidly compensate for leaf area removal without long-term reductions in stem growth. The implications for management operations utilizing pruning as a means of enhancing timber quality are discussed.

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13

Xu, Hao, Zhong Yang, Le Chang, Kaiwen Lu, Changliang Xu, and Qiuyan Zhang. "ARSS: A Novel Aerial Robot Performs Tree Pruning Tasks." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020 (October 13, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8883655.

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In this article, we present a novel aerial robot with a suspended saw (ARSS) for pruning trees that are close to electric power lines. The Robot’s movement process includes free flight and aerial pruning. We first established a dynamic model and designed a controller based on the Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) on the model. Aiming at the problem of saw swing and residual oscillation during the free flight movement, we adopt the linear state feedback to design a swing angle controller. Finally, we use Matlab/Simulink and CoppeliaSim for simulation, and the simulation results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the controller.

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Biocca, Marcello, Pietro Gallo, and Giulio Sperandio. "Potential Availability of Wood Biomass from Urban Trees: Implications for the Sustainable Management of Maintenance Yards." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 7, 2022): 11226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811226.

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The current energy situation requires the effective utilization of all available resources, and residual wood biomass from urban forestry may represent an excellent opportunity for increasing the presence of short-range energy sources. In urban forestry management, two main operations can provide large amounts of wood biomass: The felling and pruning of trees. These operations are carried out with two principal techniques that differ in terms of mechanization intensity (i.e., accessing the trees’ crown with mechanized aerial lifts or utilizing ropes—tree-climbing). This study has investigated 18 felling and 15 pruning yards, carried out with aerial lifts (17 yards) or tree-climbing (16 yards), most of them located in the city of Rome (Italy), one of the greenest European capitals. The operations were sampled with time studies, and five elements of work time were measured from the beginning of work to the transport of the residual biomass to the loading point, using centesimal stopwatches and video recording. The total observation time amounted to 152.0 h. The total residual biomass was assessed. The cost calculation for each yard took into account fixed, variable, and labor costs. A set of variables for each yard (including several site characteristics, trees’ size, fuel consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy consumption, costs of yards, biomass, and work times) was analyzed. This study can contribute to enhancing tree maintenance sustainability in urban sites and estimating the quantity of residual wood biomass obtainable from urban forestry maintenance in the city of Rome.

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Puente, César, Janneth Jara-Samaniego, Alexander Guapulema, and Diego Burbano-Salas. "Composting treatment of fur waste originating from tannery." F1000Research 9 (April 2, 2020): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22244.1.

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The tanning industry generates effluents with a high contaminant load represented in a considerable amount of liquid, solid, and gaseous waste. Solid waste, such as residual hair, fat, and meat, are dumped directly in landfills, triggering serious environmental problems. The objective of this research was to compost this waste, previously desulfurized, in a mixture with remnants from pruning as a bulking agent. This low-cost strategy may reduce the total amount of waste. A composting pile was created using residual hair and pruning remnants in a proportion of 3:1 (w/w) and then an inoculum was added. The waste degrading process ran for 141 days, followed by a maturation period of 64 days. Throughout the process, the temperature, moisture, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) were monitored. The highest temperature reached was 69.7°C, which secured good disinfection. The EC was 0.27 dS/cm, having lower values than Spanish regulations, possibly due to the salt removal over the irrigation periods. The organic matter content decreased continuously, to reach an endpoint of 42%; this result agrees with the high organic matter content of the tannery waste and the pruning remnants. Germination index was 43.55%, which indicates the presence of phytotoxic substances. As compared to the initial value (10.73%) there was partial degrading of these substances. The challenge is to improve this parameter by identifying new mixtures and adding efficient microorganisms that help to degrade phytotoxic substances.

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16

Johnson, Kenneth B., and Todd N. Temple. "Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance Aids Restoration of Tree Health in Field-Grown Pear and Apple Diseased with Fire Blight." Plant Disease 101, no. 7 (July 2017): 1263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-16-1772-re.

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Induction of systemic acquired resistance as a therapeutic aid to restoration of tree health was evaluated in 3- to 14-year-old pear and apple trees diseased with fire blight. Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) was applied to diseased trees in late spring near the time of removal of primary fire blight cankers, which had originated from floral infection. Suspensions of ASM (7.5 to 22.5 g of active ingredient per liter plus silicone surfactant) were painted onto a 30- to 45-cm length of branch tissue immediately below primary pruning cuts or sprayed onto an 80- to 100-cm length of central trunk. In some experiments, a second ASM treatment was made in late June to early July in conjunction with secondary pruning of redeveloped cankers. After pruning primary cankers, effects of ASM were measured by assessing weight and length of secondary cankers that were the result of fire blight redevelopment. Over 5 years of field experiments, trees that received an ASM treatments yielded 62% less diseased wood at the time of secondary and tertiary canker removal compared with non-ASM-treated trees. Moreover, tree mortality and proportion of pruning cuts where fire blight redeveloped were reduced by ASM. Induction of systemic acquired resistance could prove practical as an aid to pruning therapy in young, fire-blight-susceptible pear and apple trees where, after canker removal, disease symptoms frequently redevelop owing to residual cells of the pathogen distributed within symptomless portions of the tree.

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Nunes, Leonel J. R., Liliana M. E. F. Loureiro, Letícia C. R. Sá, João C. O. Matias, Ana I. O. F. Ferraz, and Ana C. P. B. Rodrigues. "Energy Recovery of Agricultural Residues: Incorporation of Vine Pruning in the Production of Biomass Pellets with ENplus® Certification." Recycling 6, no. 2 (April 22, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling6020028.

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The use of residual biomass of forest and/or agricultural origin is an increasingly common issue regarding the incorporation of materials that, until recently, were out of the typical raw material supply chains for the production of biomass pellets, mainly due to the quality constraints that some of these materials present. The need to control the quality of biomass-derived fuels led to the development of standards, such as ENplus®, to define the permitted limits for a set of parameters, such as the ash or alkali metal content. In the present study, samples of vine pruning, and ENplus®-certified pellets were collected and characterized, and the results obtained were compared with the limits presented in the standard. The values presented from vine pruning approximated the values presented by Pinus pinaster wood, the main raw material used in the production of certified pellets in Portugal, except for the values of ash, copper (Cu), and nitrogen (N) contents, with vine pruning being out of the qualifying limits for certification. However, it was found that the incorporation of up to 10% of biomass from vine pruning allowed the fulfillment of the requirements presented in the ENplus® standard, indicating a path for the implementation of circular economy processes in the wine industry.

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Tan, Shunquan, Weilong Wu, Zilong Shao, Qiushi Li, Bin Li, and Jiwu Huang. "CALPA-NET: Channel-Pruning-Assisted Deep Residual Network for Steganalysis of Digital Images." IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 16 (2021): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2020.3005304.

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Velázquez-Martí, B., E. Fernández-González, I. López-Cortés, and D. M. Salazar-Hernández. "Quantification of the residual biomass obtained from pruning of vineyards in Mediterranean area." Biomass and Bioenergy 35, no. 8 (August 2011): 3453–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.04.009.

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Zhao, Ming, Meng Li, Sheng-Lung Peng, and Jie Li. "A Novel Deep Learning Model Compression Algorithm." Electronics 11, no. 7 (March 28, 2022): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11071066.

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In order to solve the problem of large model computing power consumption, this paper proposes a novel model compression algorithm. Firstly, this paper proposes an interpretable weight allocation method for the loss between a student network (a network model with poor performance), a teacher network (a network model with better performance) and real label. Then, different from the previous simple pruning and fine-tuning, this paper performs knowledge distillation on the pruned model, and quantifies the residual weights of the distilled model. The above operations can further reduce the model size and calculation cost while maintaining the model accuracy. The experimental results show that the weight allocation method proposed in this paper can allocate a relatively appropriate weight to the teacher network and real tags. On the cifar-10 dataset, the pruning method combining knowledge distillation and quantization can reduce the memory size of resnet32 network model from 3726 KB to 1842 KB, and the accuracy can be kept at 93.28%, higher than the original model. Compared with similar pruning algorithms, the model accuracy and operation speed are greatly improved.

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Maurer, Daphne, Julian K. Ghloum, Laura C. Gibson, Marcus R. Watson, Lawrence M. Chen, Kathleen Akins, James T. Enns, Takao K. Hensch, and Janet F. Werker. "Reduced perceptual narrowing in synesthesia." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 18 (April 22, 2020): 10089–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1914668117.

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Synesthesia is a neurologic trait in which specific inducers, such as sounds, automatically elicit additional idiosyncratic percepts, such as color (thus “colored hearing”). One explanation for this trait—and the one tested here—is that synesthesia results from unusually weak pruning of cortical synaptic hyperconnectivity during early perceptual development. We tested the prediction from this hypothesis that synesthetes would be superior at making discriminations from nonnative categories that are normally weakened by experience-dependent pruning during a critical period early in development—namely, discrimination among nonnative phonemes (Hindi retroflex /d̪a/ and dental /ɖa/), among chimpanzee faces, and among inverted human faces. Like the superiority of 6-mo-old infants over older infants, the synesthetic groups were significantly better than control groups at making all the nonnative discriminations across five samples and three testing sites. The consistent superiority of the synesthetic groups in making discriminations that are normally eliminated during infancy suggests that residual cortical connectivity in synesthesia supports changes in perception that extend beyond the specific synesthetic percepts, consistent with the incomplete pruning hypothesis.

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Lorero, Isaac, Arturo J. Vizcaíno, Francisco J. Alguacil, and Félix A. López. "Activated Carbon from Winemaking Waste: Thermoeconomic Analysis for Large-Scale Production." Energies 13, no. 23 (December 7, 2020): 6462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236462.

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An activated carbon manufacturing process from winemaking waste is analyzed. In that way, vine shoots conversion is studied as a basis for plant designing, and mass and energy balances of hydrothermal carbonization and physical activation are fulfilled. To develop an energy-integrated plant, a network of heat exchangers is allocated to recover heat waste, and a cogeneration cycle is designed to provide electricity and remaining heat process demands. Furthermore, thermoeconomic analysis is applied to determine the thermodynamic efficiency and the economic viability of the plant. Energy balance indicates that heat exchangers energy integration covers 48.9% of the overall demands by crossing hot and cold streams and recovering heat from residual flue gas. On the other hand, the exergy costs analysis identifies combustion of pruning wood as the main source of exergy destruction, confirming the suitability of the integration to improve the thermodynamic performance. Attending to economic costs analysis, production scale and vineyard pruning wood price are identified as a critical parameter on process profitability. With a scale of 2.5 ton/h of pruning wood carbonization, a break-event point to compete with activated carbons from biomass origin is reached. Nevertheless, cost of pruning wood is identified as another important economic parameter, pointing out the suitability of wet methods such as hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) to treat them as received form the harvest and to contribute to cutting down its prices.

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Zulkoni, Akhsin, Dewi Rahyuni, and Nasirudin Nasirudin. "PEMANGKASAN AKAR DAN INOKULASI JMA SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN FITOREMEDIASI TANAH TERCEMAR MERKURI AKIBAT PENAMBANGAN EMAS OLEH TANAMAN JATI DI KOKAP KULON PROGO YOGYAKARTA (Under ground root pruning and JMA inoculation to improve phytoremediation of soil contaminated with mercury due to gold mining by Tectona grandis in Kokap Kulonprogo Yogyakarta)." Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan 24, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jml.23071.

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ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemangkasan akar (underground root pruning/URP) terhadap fitoremediasi tanah yang tercemar merkuri di Kokap Kulon Progo Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah URP, yaitu dengan dan tanpa URP. Faktor kedua ialah takaran Jamur Mikoriza Arbuskula (JMA), meliputi 0; 50; 100, dan 150 g/pot. Hasil penelitian telah membuktikan bahwa pemangkasan akar serta inokulasi JMA ke dalam tanah sisa olahan penambangan emas telah berhasil memacu proses fitoremediasi melalui perluasan rizosfer. Serapan merkuri oleh tanaman Jati yang menjalani pemangkasan akar serta inokulasi JMA sebanyak 100% paling tinggi dibanding perlakuan lain maupun kontrol. Pada perlakuan ini, efisiensi penurunan merkuri di dalam tanah oleh tanaman jati sebesar 88,61%, sedangkan kontrol hanya mencapai 64,11%. ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the effect of underground root pruning (URP) of the mercury-contaminated soil phytoremediation in Kokap Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. This study was conducted using complete randomized block design with three replications. The first factor is the URP, that divided as with and without URP (root pruning). The second factor is the dose of JMA, are 0; 50; 100, and 150 g/pot. Results of studies have proven that the root pruning and inoculation of JMA into the residual gold mining soil has successfully accelerated the process of phytoremediation through the expansion of the rhizosphere. Mercury uptake by Tectona grandis, Linn F that is with root pruning and 100% JMA inoculation are highest other treatment and control. In this treatment, the removal efficiency of mercury in the soil by plants amounted to 88.61% identity, meanwhile control only reached 64.11%.

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Hein, Sebastian, and Heinrich Spiecker. "Comparative analysis of occluded branch characteristics for Fraxinus excelsior and Acer pseudoplatanus with natural and artificial pruning." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 8 (August 2007): 1414–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-308.

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The aim of this study was to develop models on branch characteristics for Fraxinus excelsior L. (common ash) and Acer pseudoplatanus L. (sycamore maple) based on 44 and 25 sample trees, respectively. A total of 635 ash and 334 maple branches were sampled. The data set on artificial pruning was pooled among the two species with a total of 71 branches from 16 trees. The material was used to predict (i) the time for a complete occlusion, (ii) the total radius of the occluded branch inside the trunk, (iii) the branch insertion angle, and (iv) the dead branch portion of the occluded branch. In addition, the effects of species and natural versus artificial pruning were assessed. Generalized hierarchical mixed models with univariate or multivariate approaches were used in this analysis. The diameter of the occluded branch and the stem radial increment played a dominant role as predictors. Artificial pruning led to a significant reduction in occlusion time and a shorter occluded branch radius. Only few species-specific differences were found. Simulations showed a reasonable overall behaviour of the models. The residual variation was tolerable for integrating the models into a growth simulation system.

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Velázquez-Martí, B., E. Fernández-González, I. López-Cortés, and D. M. Salazar-Hernández. "Quantification of the residual biomass obtained from pruning of trees in Mediterranean almond groves." Renewable Energy 36, no. 2 (February 2011): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.08.008.

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Velázquez-Martí, B., M. Sajdak, and I. López-Cortés. "Available residual biomass obtained from pruning Morus alba L. trees cultivated in urban forest." Renewable Energy 60 (December 2013): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2013.04.001.

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Velázquez-Martí, B., E. Fernández-González, I. López-Cortés, and D. M. Salazar-Hernández. "Quantification of the residual biomass obtained from pruning of trees in Mediterranean olive groves." Biomass and Bioenergy 35, no. 7 (July 2011): 3208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.04.042.

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Cheng, Yiwei, Xinnuo Lin, Haiping Zhu, Jun Wu, Haibin Shi, and Huafeng Ding. "A novel hierarchical structural pruning-multiscale feature fusion residual network for intelligent fault diagnosis." Mechanism and Machine Theory 184 (June 2023): 105292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2023.105292.

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Pedroza, Marcelo M., Leonardo H. D. Neves, Elaine C. S. Paz, Fabrício M. Silva, Claudia S. A. Rezende, Aymara G. N. Colen, and Matheus G. Arruda. "Activated charcoal production from tree pruning in the Amazon region of Brazil for the treatment of gray water." Journal of Applied Research and Technology 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2021.19.1.1492.

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The objective of this work was to obtain, through the tree pruning pyrolysis, coal to be used in the removal of pollutants present in gray waters. The coal obtained during the process was used in a gray water filtration column and dye adsorption test. In this investigation it was proposed the treatment of gray water by the following series steps: (a) coagulation/ flocculation, (b) decantation, (c) sand filtration and (d) coal filtration column. The maximum coal yield was 60.10% obtained at 360 ºC and heating rate of 30 ºC/min. The gray water polishing using the coal obtained from the tree pruning pyrolysis process was efficient in the removal of the studied analytical parameters. For turbidity, COD, total solids and residual chlorine parameters, the removal values were 99, 98, 71 and 100 %, respectively. The charcoal from the filtration column was responsible for removing organ matter of gray water.

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Comparetti, Antonio, Carlo Greco, Michele Massimo Mammano, Navickas Kestutis, Orlando Santo, and Venslauskas Kestutis. "Valorisation of urban green areas for producing renewable energy and biochar as growing substrate of Sicilian aromatic and nutraceutical species in a circular economy." RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA', no. 2 (January 2020): 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riss2019-002-s1019.

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This work is aimed at evaluating the possible building up of a gasifier for the energy valorisation of residual biomass deriving from urban areas and their surroundings. The area and the volumes of supply and economic convenience have been determined by implementing a GIS-based geographic method to the localisation and quantification of non-uniform elements of plant biomass. The pyrolysis and gasification processes of the lignocellulosic biomass obtained from pruning and maintenance operations of the urban and ornamental green include the production of a residual amount of biochar. The biochar can be used in agriculture as a soil improver and a substrate alternative to peat in the sustainable production of Sicilian aromatic and nutraceutical species grown in pots within a circular economy.

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Zhang, Xiankun, Yue Sun, Yuan Wang, Zixuan Li, Na Li, and Jing Su. "A novel effective and efficient capsule network via bottleneck residual block and automated gradual pruning." Computers & Electrical Engineering 80 (December 2019): 106481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2019.106481.

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Akhmedov, Sayfullo, Tatiana Ivanova, Surayyo Abdulloeva, Alexandru Muntean, and Vladimír Krepl. "Contribution to the Energy Situation in Tajikistan by Using Residual Apricot Branches after Pruning as an Alternative Fuel." Energies 12, no. 16 (August 18, 2019): 3169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12163169.

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A lack of access to energy in the rural areas of Tajikistan is one of the current problems of the country. Tajikistan’s goal is to reach energy independency, and the main prospects for the country’s energy sector, which relies on energy imports during the long heating periods, are: higher exploitations of hydropower and development of other renewables, mainly biofuels. Tajikistan is a highly agrarian country, where agriculture is the dominant source of income for the majority of the population. Apricot belongs to the primary agricultural commodities; however, the cultivation and management of apricot orchards is associated with the annual accumulation of significant amounts of wood waste (residual branches after pruning), which represent a source of easily available biomass. Thus, the main focus of the present research was to investigate the properties (physical, chemical and mechanical) of densified briquettes and pellets from the residual apricot tree branches through the laboratory measurements by the standard methodologies and to calculate the energy yield and potential of this material for Tajikistan as a similar study has not been conducted yet. The results showed a good quality of apricot-based biofuels characterised by the high calorific value (NCV dry basis of 19.3 MJ kg−1), relatively low ash content (1.7%) and suitable values of the main chemical elements that fulfil the standard requirement on graded wooden biofuels. The total yearly energy yield of residual apricot branches was calculated to be 3245 TJ.

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Zhang, Chuo. "Technology Strategy for Meticulous Governance of Smart Cities: Memory Bus Width Aware Pruning for Efficient Image Super-Resolution Implementation in FPGA." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2294, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2294/1/012003.

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Abstract The mega-city governance is based on the aggregation, collation, development and application of multi-scene data, and efficient access to scene data is a key link to promote the meticulous governance of smart cities. Super-resolution technique is the process of upscaling and improving the details within an image. In this paper, we implement a 16-layer residual neural network (ResNet) for the efficient image super-resolution in FPGA. We discover that the memory access is the major performance bottleneck of this implementation. To reduce the memory access overhead, we design a pruning algorithm with the consideration of the memory bus width. Since the memory used in our design generates 256 bits for each access, the proposed pruning algorithm drops the kernel by aligning this bit width. That is, all kernels in one layer are ranked by its L1-norm and we drop the kernels out of the 256 bits. The experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the number of weights by 50% compared with the baseline. As a result, the inference speed can be enhanced by 3 times.

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Bout, Astrid E., Swinda F. Pfau, Erwin van der Krabben, and Ben Dankbaar. "Residual Biomass from Dutch Riverine Areas—From Waste to Ecosystem Service." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020509.

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Dutch riverine areas are managed intensively to ensure the provision of various ecosystem services. Vegetation management, including pruning and mowing, produces a woody and grassy biomass as a by-product. In the past, this residual biomass has been treated as a waste product. Now there is a change of perspective; biomass is valued as a potential additional ecosystem service instead of a waste product. In this study, we explore the transition from waste to ecosystem service of residual biomass in Dutch water management organisations. We found several trends in the organisation of biomass use. There is a development away from the traditional approach of choosing the cheapest or easiest way to get rid of biomass towards exploring various uses of biomass that fulfil additional, societally relevant, functions. This trend alters the organisation of vegetation management and subsequent biomass use. Selection based on sustainable biomass uses is gaining importance, and there is a growing desire within public organisations to be able to steer towards sustainable use of residual biomass. However, there is a lack of applicable, objective ranking instruments.

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Manzanares, Paloma, Encarnación Ruiz, Mercedes Ballesteros, María J. Negro, Francisco J. Gallego, Juan C. López-Linares, and Eulogio Castro. "Residual biomass potential in olive tree cultivation and olive oil industry in Spain: valorization proposal in a biorefinery context." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 15, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): e0206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2017153-10868.

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Olive crop and olive oil industry generates several residues, i.e., olive tree pruning biomass (OTPB), extracted olive pomace (EOP) and olive leaves (OL) that could be used to produce high-added value products in an integrated biorefinery. OTPB is generated in the field as a result of pruning operation to remove old branches; EOP is the main residue of the pomace olive oil extracting industry after extraction with hexane of residual oil contained in olive pomace; and OL comes from the olive cleaning process carried out at olive mills, where small branches and leaves are separated by density. In this work, an analysis of the potential of OTPB, EOP and OL residues was addressed by estimating the production volumes at national level and the spatial distribution of these residues using geographic information system software. Information provided by public institutions and personal surveys to the industries was evaluated. Moreover, chemical analysis of the residues was undertaken and the results used to make a first assessment of valorization into biofuels such as bioethanol and bio based chemicals. Results show that close to 4.2 million tons/year of EOP, OL and OTPB derived from olive oil industry and olive tree cultivation in Spain could be available as a raw material for biorefineries in Spain. The analysis of the chemical characteristics indicates the relevant potential of these feedstocks for the production of bioethanol and other compounds such as phenols based on suitable processing and conversion routes, although techno-economic evaluations must be tackled to refine this approach.

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Acampora, Andrea, Vincenzo Civitarese, Giulio Sperandio, and Negar Rezaei. "Qualitative Characterization of the Pellet Obtained from Hazelnut and Olive Tree Pruning." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 6, 2021): 4083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144083.

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Biomass occupies a very important place among renewable energy sources, and the residual biomass recovery chain represents a sector of fundamental importance. Our work focused on the production of pellets by pruning residues from two of the most important woody crops in Italy: hazelnut and olive groves. We found a higher value of bulk density for the hazelnut pellet (581.30 kg m−3 vs. 562.38 kg m−3) and a higher value of length for the olive pellet (16.66 mm vs. 10.47 mm). The percentages of durability were very similar (98%). The low heating value and ash content of hazelnut and olive were 17.21 MJ kg−1 and 3.1%, and 16.83 MJ kg−1 and 2.5%. A higher concentration of Cu, Pb, and Ni was observed in the hazelnut. The contrary was observed for the concentration of Zn. N content was 0.77% and 1.24% for the hazelnut and the olive, respectively. The concentration of S was 0.00% for both. The quality parameters that do not meet current standards could be improved by mixing these materials with different types of wood.

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Gurbych, Oleksandr, and Maksym Prymachenko. "METHOD FOR REDUCTIVE PRUNING OF NEURAL NETWORKS AND ITS APPLICATIONS." Computer systems and information technologies, no. 3 (September 28, 2022): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/csit-2022-3-5.

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Trained neural networks usually contain redundant neurons that do not affect or degrade the quality of target identification. The redundancy of models possesses an excessive load on computational resources, leading to high electricity consumption. Further, the deployment and operation of such models in resource-constrained environments such as mobile phones or smart devices are either complicated or impossible. Therefore, there is a need to simplify models while maintaining their effectiveness. This work presents a method for fast neural network reduction, allowing for automatic detection and removal of a large number of redundant neurons while simultaneously improving the efficiency of the models. The technique introduces perturbations to the target variable and then identifies and removes the weights with the most considerable relative deviations from the weights of the control model. The method removes up to 90% of active weights. At the same time, unlike classical pruning methods, the efficiency of models improves simultaneously with the reduction. The scientific novelty of the work consists of method development and new practical applications. The reduction method detects and removes large groups of redundant parameters of neural networks. The logic of automatically determining the optimal number of residual "significant" weights was implemented. The mentioned features speed up the discovery and elimination of redundant weights; reduce required time and resources for computations; and automate the identification of the essential neurons. The method's effectiveness was demonstrated on two applied tasks: predicting the yield of chemical reactions and the molecular affinity. The implementation and applications of the method are available via the link: https://github.com/ogurbych/ann-reduction.

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Penney, B. G., K. B. McRae, and A. F. Rayment. "Long-term effects of burn-pruning on lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) production." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p96-075.

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Burning is a pruning technique used to improve productivity of lowbush blueberry fields. Growers, however, are concerned that continuing and frequent burning might reduce production and eventually destroy blueberry fields. To assess the effect of long-term spring burn-pruning on blueberry production and the surface organic layer, 2-, 3- and 4-yr burning cycles were studied for 24 yr on a previously unfertilized natural stand of lowbush blueberry. Mean annual yield (averaged over burn and crop years) decreased with increases in the interval between burning due to decreased production in the second and third crop years following burning. Yield in the third crop year was similar to that from the unburned check plots. There was no significant yield decrease between the first 12 yr (period 1) and the second 12 yr (period 2) of production for the 2-yr cycle, but there were declines for the 3- and 4-yr cycles due mainly to lower yields in the second crop. Lower second-crop yields in the second period was attributed to damage by the blueberry leaftier (Croesia curvalana Kft.). Mean annual ripe fruit yields for the 2-, 3- and 4-yr cycles and unburned check were 473, 458, 335 and 109 kg ha−1, respectively, in period 1 and 478, 340, 277 and 38 kg ha−1, respectively, in period 2. Burning did not decrease the depth of the surface organic layer. Key words: Lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium, burning, pruning, organic matter, yield, berry weight, flower buds, residual maximum likelihood

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Yuriani, Anita Dwi, Eny Fuskhah, and Yafizham Yafizham. "Pengaruh waktu pemangkasan pucuk dan sisa buah setelah penjarangan terhadap hasil produksi tanaman semangka (Citrullus vulgaris schard)." Journal of Agro Complex 3, no. 1 (June 18, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/joac.3.1.55-64.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to know growth and the production of watermelon plants through the treatment of pruning time on shoots and the amount of residual fruit after thinning. The research was carried out on Klaten Watermelon Clay, located in Genukan Village, Wedi Sub-district, Klaten District, and at the Laboratory Chemistry and Food Nutrition Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University from February to May 2017. The research was arranged using completely randomized factorial design with the first factor being shoot pruning time (P1 = no trimming, P2 = 3rd week, P3 = 6th week, P4 = 3rd and 6th week) and the second factor was the rest of the fruit after thinning (Q1 = without thinning, Q2 = thinning leaves 1 piece, Q3 = thinning leaves 2 pieces). The results showed the treatment of pruning of shoots and the remaining fruit after spacing did not affect the growth plant height and number of leaves watermelon until 8th week. However pruning of shoots 3rd week and 6th week can affect fruit diameter, fresh fruit weight, and fruit sugar levels. Treatment of the remaining fruit after the spacing is pruned 2 pieces affect the diameter of fruit and fresh weight of fruit while the rest of the fruit after spacing is purned 1 pieces fruit affect the fruit sugar levels. Keywords: watermelon, pruning, thinning, production ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan hasil produksi tanaman buah semangka melalui perlakuan waktupemangkasan pada pucuk dan jumlah sisa buah setelah penjarangan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada di lahan Sahabat Semangka Klaten, yang terletak di Desa Genukan, Kecamatan Wedi, Kabupaten Klaten, dan di Laboratorium Kimia dan Gizi Pangan Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian Universitas Diponegorodari bulan Juli - September2017. Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap factorial dengan faktor pertama adalah waktu pemangkasan pucuk (P1 = tanpa pemangkasan, P2 = minggu ke 3, P3 = minggu ke 6, P4 = minggu ke 3 dan 6) danfaktor kedua adalah sisa buah setelah penjarangan (Q1 = tanpa penjarangan, Q2 = penjarangan disisakan 1 buah, Q3 = penjarangan disisakan 2 buah). Hasil penelitian menunjukan perlakuan pemangkasan pucuk dan sisa buah setelah penjarangan tidak mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun semangka sampai minggu ke 8. Namun pemangkasan pemangkasan pucuk minggu ke 3 dan 6 mempengaruhi diameter buah, bobot segar buah, dan kadar gula buah. Perlakuan sisa buah setelah penjarangan yang dijarangkan 2 buah mempengaruhi diameter buah dan bobot segar buah sedangkan sisa buah setelah penjarangan yang dijarangkan 1 buah mempengaruhi kadar gula buah.Kata Kunci: semangka, pemangkasan, penjarangan, produksi

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Rincón, Esther, Eduardo Espinosa, María Pinillos, and Luis Serrano. "Bioactive Absorbent Chitosan Aerogels Reinforced with Bay Tree Pruning Waste Nanocellulose with Antioxidant Properties for Burger Meat Preservation." Polymers 15, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15040866.

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As a transition strategy towards sustainability, food packaging plays a crucial role in the current era. This, carried out in a biorefinery context of agricultural residues, involves not only obtaining desirable products but a comprehensive utilization of biomass that contributes to the circular bioeconomy. The present work proposes the preparation of bioactive absorbent food pads through a multi-product biorefinery approach from bay tree pruning waste (BTPW). In a first step, chitosan aerogels reinforced with lignocellulose and cellulose micro/nanofibers from BTPW were prepared, studying the effect of residual lignin on the material’s properties. The presence of micro/nanofibers improved the mechanical performance (up to 60%) in addition to increasing the water uptake (42%) when lignin was present. The second step was to make them bioactive by incorporating bay leaf extract. The residual lignin in the micro/nanofibers was decisive, since when present, the release profiles of the extract were faster, reaching an antioxidant power of more than 85% after only 30 min. Finally, these bioactive aerogels were used as absorbent pads for fresh meat. With the use of the bioactive aerogels (with ≥2% extract), the meat remained fresh for 10 days as a result of delayed oxidation of the food during storage (20% metmyoglobin proportion).

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Nunes, Leonel J. R., Liliana M. E. F. Loureiro, Letícia C. R. Sá, and Hugo F. C. Silva. "Waste Recovery through Thermochemical Conversion Technologies: A Case Study with Several Portuguese Agroforestry By-Products." Clean Technologies 2, no. 3 (September 10, 2020): 377–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol2030023.

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Agroforestry waste stores a considerable amount of energy that can be used. Portugal has great potential to produce bioenergy. The waste generated during agricultural production and forestry operation processes can be used for energy generation, and it can be used either in the form in which it is collected, or it can be processed using thermochemical conversion technologies, such as torrefaction. This work aimed to characterize the properties of a set of residues from agroforestry activities, namely rice husk, almond husk, kiwi pruning, vine pruning, olive pomace, and pine woodchips. To characterize the different materials, both as-collected and after being subjected to a torrefaction process at 300 °C, thermogravimetric analyses were carried out to determine the moisture content, ash content, fixed carbon content, and the content of volatile substances; elementary analyses were performed to determine the levels of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, and the high and low heating values were determined. With these assumptions, it was observed that each form of residual biomass had different characteristics, which are important to know when adapting to conversion technology, and they also had different degrees of efficiency, that is, the amount of energy generated and potentially used when analyzing all factors.

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Zhang, Xuetao, Kuangang Fan, Haonan Hou, and Chuankai Liu. "Real-Time Detection of Drones Using Channel and Layer Pruning, Based on the YOLOv3-SPP3 Deep Learning Algorithm." Micromachines 13, no. 12 (December 11, 2022): 2199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122199.

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Achieving a real-time and accurate detection of drones in natural environments is essential for the interception of drones intruding into high-security areas. However, a rapid and accurate detection of drones is difficult because of their small size and fast speed. In this paper a drone detection method as proposed by pruning the convolutional channel and residual structures of YOLOv3-SPP3. First, the k-means algorithm was used to cluster label the boxes. Second, the channel and shortcut layer pruning algorithm was used to prune the model. Third, the model was fine tuned to achieve a real-time detection of drones. The experimental results obtained by using the Ubuntu server under the Python 3.6 environment show that the YOLOv3-SPP3 algorithm is better than YOLOV3, Tiny-YOLOv3, CenterNet, SSD300, and faster R-CNN. There is significant compression in the size, the maximum compression factor is 20.1 times, the maximum detection speed is increased by 10.2 times, the maximum map value is increased by 15.2%, and the maximum precision is increased by 16.54%. The proposed algorithm achieves the mAP score of 95.15% and the detection speed of 112 f/s, which can meet the requirements of the real-time detection of UAVs.

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Hevia, Andrea, Alejandra Crabiffosse, Juan Gabriel Álvarez-González, Ana Daria Ruiz-González, and Juan Majada. "Novel approach to assessing residual biomass from pruning: A case study in Atlantic Pinus pinaster Ait. timber forests." Renewable Energy 107 (July 2017): 620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.02.029.

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Yadav, Dhyan Chandra, and Saurabh Pal. "Analysis of Heart Disease Using Parallel and Sequential Ensemble Methods With Feature Selection Techniques." International Journal of Big Data and Analytics in Healthcare 6, no. 1 (January 2021): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbdah.20210101.oa4.

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This paper has organized a heart disease-related dataset from UCI repository. The organized dataset describes variables correlations with class-level target variables. This experiment has analyzed the variables by different machine learning algorithms. The authors have considered prediction-based previous work and finds some machine learning algorithms did not properly work or do not cover 100% classification accuracy with overfitting, underfitting, noisy data, residual errors on base level decision tree. This research has used Pearson correlation and chi-square features selection-based algorithms for heart disease attributes correlation strength. The main objective of this research to achieved highest classification accuracy with fewer errors. So, the authors have used parallel and sequential ensemble methods to reduce above drawback in prediction. The parallel and serial ensemble methods were organized by J48 algorithm, reduced error pruning, and decision stump algorithm decision tree-based algorithms. This paper has used random forest ensemble method for parallel randomly selection in prediction and various sequential ensemble methods such as AdaBoost, Gradient Boosting, and XGBoost Meta classifiers. In this paper, the experiment divides into two parts: The first part deals with J48, reduced error pruning and decision stump and generated a random forest ensemble method. This parallel ensemble method calculated high classification accuracy 100% with low error. The second part of the experiment deals with J48, reduced error pruning, and decision stump with three sequential ensemble methods, namely AdaBoostM1, XG Boost, and Gradient Boosting. The XG Boost ensemble method calculated better results or high classification accuracy and low error compare to AdaBoostM1 and Gradient Boosting ensemble methods. The XG Boost ensemble method calculated 98.05% classification accuracy, but random forest ensemble method calculated high classification accuracy 100% with low error.

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Masabni, Joseph G., and Dwight E. Wolfe. "RESIDUAL WEED CONTROL WITH FALL HERBICIDE APPLICATION IN APPLE AND PEACH." HortScience 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 880c—880. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.880c.

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Flumioxazin (Chateau 51WG) is an herbicide for the preemergence and early postemergence control of broadleaves and grasses. Chateau was recently labeled for use in non-bearing fruit trees and bearing grapes. Long-term weed control in apple, peach, and blueberry was investigated following fall application of herbicides. Treatments consisted of simazine 2.8 kg a.i., norflurazon 2.24 kg a.i., napropamide 2.24 kg a.i., and oryzalin 2.24 kg a.i. were applied on 11 Nov. 2003. Flumioxazin was also applied at 0.1 and 0.43 kg ai on apple and peach. All treatments included glyphosate 1 lb a.i. for burndown control of preexisting weeds. Weed control evaluation in mid-April or 4 months after application showed that flumioxazin-treated plots had no weeds present and no weed regrowth. Plots treated with napropamide, norflurazon, and oryzalin showed significant regrowth of dandelion, common ragweed, and chickweed. Simazine plots had fewer weeds germinating than the other herbicides. By early June or 6 months after application, no differences in residual weed control were observed for all treated plots when compared to the control. All plots were equally weedy and required immediate floor management measures. It appears that flumioxazin weed control benefit was exhausted by 6 months after application, compared to 4 months for all other herbicides. Fall application of flumioxazin can eliminate the need for early spring weed control. This time saved can be spent on other important activities such as pruning and disease and insect control.

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Domingues, Nuno. "Electric and Thermal Energy Production and Storage System by Pinecone Waste." Advanced Energy: An International Journal 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/aeij.2022.9101.

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Rural ecosystems are the main source of biomass used in the production of renewable energy in Portugal. However, it is based on pruning residues are most of the raw material for biomass leaving other opportunities aside. This paper highlights the role of pinecone waste without pinion for the energy sector. The present paper studies different solutions to enhance the use of the pinecones for energy proposes. The present paper also presents the different principal technologies. It is possible to conclude that the use of residual biomass is a way to reduce the national dependence on energy imports (fossil specialties), decreases transport losses (by allowing local production and consumption locally) and encourages the management of forest areas (fixing people in rural areas and lowers the risk of fire).

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Latterini, Francesco, Walter Stefanoni, Alessandro Suardi, Vincenzo Alfano, Simone Bergonzoli, Nadia Palmieri, and Luigi Pari. "A GIS Approach to Locate a Small Size Biomass Plant Powered by Olive Pruning and to Estimate Supply Chain Costs." Energies 13, no. 13 (July 1, 2020): 3385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133385.

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The valorization of agricultural residues plays a fundamental role in renewable energy production. Particularly, the management of olive orchards in Lazio region generates a considerable amount of biomass that is currently unexploited, but it could represent a valid source of solid biofuel for energy production in the Lazio region (Italy). Using a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach entirely based on open source software, five suitable areas (A, B, C, D and E) have been selected as eligible for hosting and feeding a 1 MWe power plant. Harvesting and transportation costs were also calculated. The harvesting operation costs were EUR 96.79 Mgfm−1 in A, while they ranged from EUR 49.83 Mgfm−1 (E) up to EUR 56.51 Mgfm−1 (D) for the other sub-areas. Sub-area A showed also higher transport costs, EUR 21.55 Mgfm−1 while the same value ranged from EUR 14.75 Mgfm−1 (E) to EUR 16.59 Mgfm−1 (B) in the other sub-areas. However harvesting costs resulted higher than those reported in the literature, mainly due to the low pruning yield per surface unit, an aspect which is directly related to the olive grove’s management in the region where annual pruning is the usual practice. Future developments of the present study should encompass the social and environmental aspects of residual biomass supply chains herein proposed.

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Velázquez-Martí, Borja, Juan Gaibor-Chávez, and Sergio Pérez-Pacheco. "Quantification based on dimensionless dendrometry and drying of residual biomass from the pruning of orange trees in Bolivar province (Ecuador)." Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 10, no. 2 (February 19, 2016): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1635.

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Fracchia, Sebastián, Victoria Miranda, Iván Barbero, Johana Barros, and Nicolás Delgado. "Crop residues and agro-industrial by-products from the province of La Rioja (Argentina) suitable for oyster mushroom culture." AgriScientia 39, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31047/1668.298x.v39.n2.36768.

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Large amounts of lignocellulosic residual biomass are generated annually in La Rioja province (Argentina). We have performed a survey to identify crop residues and agro-industrial by-products in the province, which could be suitable for oyster mushroom culture. We characterized their morphological composition and estimated a proxy of the mass that is generated annually by each of them. We have also evaluated the availability of the biomass by assessing the processing, distribution, seasonality, cost and other common uses that may compete with its application as substrate. Eight residual crops and eight agro-industrial by-products were identified, being olive and grape pomace the most abundant, followed by grape pruning, and olive and jojoba litter. These last two in addition to Prosopis bran and olive pits, did not register use as a substrate for the production of oyster mushrooms. In biological efficiency (BE) assays with commercial strains of Pleurotus species we recorded BE ranging from 28% to 72% depending on the substrate and fungal species. In a context of high quality food production deficit and nutritional problems related to it, this province has an interesting potential to introduce the production and consumption of oyster mushrooms as a feasible solution for food supply regional.

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Satish Kumar, Aakash Agarwal, Neeraj Varshney, and Rajarshi Mahapatra. "Low-precision deep-learning-based automatic modulation recognition system." ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies 3, no. 2 (September 22, 2022): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52953/ctyj2699.

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Convolution Neural Network (CNN)-based deep learning models have recently been employed in Automated Modulation Classification (AMC) systems, with excellent results. However, hardware deployment of these CNN-based AMC models is very difficult due to their large size, floating point weights and activations, and real-time processing requirements in hardware such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). In this study, we designed CNN-based AMC techniques for complex-valued temporal radio signal domains and made them less complex with a small memory footprint for FPGA implementation. This work mainly focuses on quantized CNN, low precision mathematics, and quantization-aware CNN training to overcome the problem of larger model sizes, floating-point weights, and activations. Low precision weights, activations, and quantized CNN, on the other hand, have a considerable impact on the accuracy of the model. Thus, we propose an iterative pruning-based training mechanism to maintain the overall accuracy above a certain threshold while decreasing the model size for hardware implementation. The proposed schemes are 21.55 times less complex and achieve at least 1.6% higher accuracy than the baseline. Moreover, results show that our convolution layer-based Quantized Modulation Classification Network (QMCNet) with pruning has 92.01% less multiply-accumulate bit operations (bit_operations), 61.39% less activation bits, and 87.58% less weight bits than the 8 bit quantized baseline model whereas the quantized and pruned Residual-Unit based model (RUNet) has 95.36% less bit_operations, 29.97% less activation bits and 98.22% less weight bits than the 8 bit quantized baseline model.

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