Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Proterozoic terrain"

Late Archaean and Early Proterozoic crust-forming events in North-East and eastern North Greenland were succeeded by Middle Proterozoic sedimentation and volcanic activity; Late Proterozoic through Tertiary sedimentation was interrupted by several periods of tectonic activity, including the Caledonian orogeny in East Greenland and the Mesozoic deformation of the Wandel Hav mobile belt. Photogeological studies helped pinpoint areas of special interest which were investigated during the short 1993 field season. Insights gained during field work include: the nature of the crystalline basement terrain in the Caledonian fold belt, redefinition of the upper boundary of the Upper Proterozoic Rivieradal sandstones, revision of Caledonian nappe terminology, and the northern extension of the Caledonian Storstrømmen shear zone.

Subject of study. Different points of view on the concept of structures of the terrain type and their role in the addition of orogenic belts are considered. Materials and methods. We used our own research and analysis of the latest publications about the Ural-Timan region and the Pacific belt, on the territory of the Northeast segment of Eurasia, as well as currently known isotope radiometric data. It was used also the result of geophysical seismotectonic and paleomagnetic explorations. Results. It has been established that in the composition of the Ural-Timan structural area, along with the Proterozoic and Paleozoic associations of the orogenic belts and the Riphean sedimentary series of protrusions of the Russian Plate, structural formations that correspond to the terrain of the continental crust take part. They are the most characteristic for the Ural orogenic belt, which belongs to the group of epiokean-type belts, associated with the transformation of ocean basins with the active participation of accretion and collision processes. The parametric features of these terrains include the ancient age characteristics of terrain rocks, their position in the belt structure, as well as the presence of relics of subhorizontal layered structural elements. The discordant blocks of migmatites, gneisses and other metamorphic rocks of Precambrian age, which make up the terrains, was the basis for the introduction of the term “terranes of the ancient continental crust”. By connection with the source, exotic and endemic, and simple and complex terrains are distinguished by structure. The geodynamics of including terrains of the ancient continental crust into the structure of orogenic belts is associated with horizontal movements of fragments of the ancient lithosphere in oceanic paleobasins to the periphery of the Russian Plate and their localization in belt structures. The formation of these terrains in the structures of the orogenic belts is completed by the formation of the intra-terrain massifs of granitoids and belts of volcanic-intrusive series. Supporters of a different methodology, dominant among researchers of the Pacific Belt of the Northeast Segment of Eurasia, refer to terrains all the structural elements that perform orogenic belts, because they believe that they have undergone horizontal movements and are in allochtonous occurrence. Conclusions. It has been established that in different geological provinces the term terrain has its own characteristics. This was the basis for the selection of two geodynamic types of terrains.

The Proterozoic mobile belt of South-East Greenland has been regarded as a classic example of amphibolite facies reworking of an Archaean granulite facies gneiss terrain. Its northern boundary has been interpreted as a transcurrent shear zone in which reworking was associated with major basic dyke emplacement. A re-examination of the northern boundary shows it to be a diffuse region more than 50 km wide in which retrogression, unrelated to dykes or shear zones, gradually intensifies southwards. Superimposed on this are discrete belts of retrogression associated with dykes and shear zones. The sense of displacement on the latter is compatible with thrusting of the northern Archaean block southwards over the reworked terrain of the mobile belt.

The Niflheim thrust forms part of the northern boundary zone of the Proterozoic mobile belt of the Ammassalik region and defines the southernmost extent of granulite facies gneisses north-west of Sermilik. The thrust sharply separates grey amphibolite facies gneisses (footwall) from a thick and extensive unit of brown granulite facies gneisses, suggesting considerable lateral as well as vertical transport of the brown gneisses. Above the contact, the brown gneisses have only been weakly affected by deformation, whilst below the contact intensely folded and sheared grey gneisses indicate strong deformation of the upper part of the footwall sequence during thrusting. Asymmetry of folds below the contact and the E–W trending, gently north dipping thrust contact indicate a sinistral transpressional sense of movement with an up-to-the-south main component of transport. Three undeformed, discordant basic Proterozoic dykes in the grey gneisses of the footwall are truncated by the thrust and the thrust plane has been gently folded during a late stage of the regional Proterozoic deformation. Contrasts between high-grade mineralogy of Proterozoic dykes in the northern part of the Ammassalik region and lower grade, high crustal-level dykes of the grey gneiss terrain in the south are related to the regional thrusting from the north.

Research subject. The Prikolyma terrain located in the Northeastern part ofRussia constitutes a long-lived Precambrian thrust-faulted structure hosting numerous Cu, Pb and Zn deposits of different types.Materials and methods. The mineralization of the terrain was examined during a course of research and exploration works over the 2007–2012. The rock geochemistry was studied using ICP-OES analysis at the Stuart Geochemistry and Essay laboratory (Moscow). The microprobe analysis of minerals was carried out at the facilities of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Magadan) using a Camebax X-ray microanalyzer. The isotopic ratios of sulphur in sulphides were measured using a Finnigan MAT 253 isotope mass spectrometer.Results. The porphyry-copper deposit Nevidimka is represented by skarns and sulphide-quartz stockworks embedded in porphyry granites. The vein deposits Opyt and Glukhoye constitute sulphide-carbonate-quartz veins, the composition of which corresponds to copper-polymetallic ores of the peripheral parts of the copper-porphyry formation. These deposits feature a similar geochemistry and composition of sulphides and sulphur isotopes, which is characteristic of the Riphean complexes of the Prikolyma terrain. The stratiform Pb-Zn veins Nadezhda-3 and Khaya enclosed in Proterozoic dolomites represent parallel-bedding disseminated sulphides. The composition of these ores indicates their diagenetic origin. Tne stratiform copper deposit Oroyok is embedded in Proterozoic shales and can be referred to sediment-hosted copper deposits of a transgressive type.Conclusions. The diversity of Cu-Pb-Zn mineralization types in the Prikolyma terrain is established to have resulted from multiple cyclic changes of the geodynamic ore formation regime. During each such cycle, syngenetic mineralization was followed first by epigenetic and then by vein mineralization. The mobile, thrust-faulted structure caused repeated rejuvenation of ores, which inherited the geochemical features of hosting rocks.

Bibliography: pages 245-257.
The middle to late Proterozoic Awasib Mountain terrain (AMT) straddles the boundary between the Rehoboth and Gordonia subprovinces in southern Namibia. The AMT is made up of two major crustal components, the older of which is correlated with the Namaqualand Metamorphic Complex (NMC), and the younger with the Sinclair Sequence.

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In the SW Amazonas State the plutonic-volcanic and sedimentary rocks were grouped in different petrotectonic associations: Juruena Basement (JBA), Juruena Supracrustal Suquence (JSSA), Post-Juruena Volcano-plutonism (PJVPA) and Post-Juruena Sedimentary Sequence (PJSSA). The JBA and JSSA (1.81–1.74 Ga), are arc magmatic-related, whereas the PJVPA (1.64–1.53 Ga) and PJSSA (1.74–1.08 Ga) define the main post-orogenetic events in this region. Magnetic data analysis show at least three patterns, named in relative chronologic, as deep linear anomalies with ENE-WSW trend (L0); linear shallow anomalies with NW-SE (L1) and NE-SW (L2) trends. The relationship of superposition suggests that L1 cross-cut L0, and both are transposed by L2 pattern. Geological-structural studies point out three structural styles, two them belongs to a NW-SE deformational belt: 1) D1 – banding folded structures from gneisses (upper amphibolite, 1.52 Ga); and 2) D2 – mylonitic foliation and schistosity structures in temperature of ~350ºC (greenschist, 1.48-1.46 Ga). The third structural style (D3) has ENE-WSW and NE-SW trends, well-defined cataclastic zones generated under temperature <350ºC (lower greenschist, 1.32 Ga). These structural styles have a correlation with main crustal reworking events of Rondônia-Juruena Provínce: a) L0 magnetic anomalies and S1 polydeformational lineaments - generated in the collisional event (1.64 Ga) responsible by Juruena magmatic arc and Tapajós-Parima continent amalgamation; b) L1 magnetic anomalies and S2 lineaments - related to the another collisional event (1.52 Ga), responsible by Tapajós-Parima and Juruena-Jamari terranes collage; c) L2 magnetic anomalies and S3 lineaments - related to Sunsás Orogenic Cycle, represented by Candeias Orogeny (1.37–1.32 Ga).
No sudeste do estado do Amazonas afloram rochas plutono-vulcânicas e sedimentares (Província Rondônia-Juruena, 1,81–1,51 Ga), agrupadas em associações petrotectônicas: Embasamento Juruena (APEJ), Sequência Supracrustais Juruena (APSSJ), Vulcano- Plutonismo Pós-Juruena (APVPJ) e Sequência Sedimentar Pós-Juruena (APSPJ). As APEJ e APSSJ marcam a geração de arcos magmáticos (1,81–1,74 Ga), enquanto as APVPJ (1,64– 1,53 Ga) e APSPJ (1,74–1,08 Ga) definem eventos pós-orogênicos. Dados aeromagnéticos identificaram o arcabouço estrutural regional definido por três padrões: L0 – anomalias profundas lineares (ENE-WSW), L1 e L2 – anomalias rasas lineares respectivamente com direções NW-SE e NE-SW. As relações de superposição mostram L1 truncando L0 e ambos são interceptados por L2. Estudo geológico-estrutural definiu três estilos estruturais, sendo dois deles com direção NW-SE: 1) D1 - bandamento gnáissico dobrado (anfibolito superior, 1,52 Ga) e 2) D2 - foliação milonítica e xistosidade geradas sob temperaturas de aproximadamente 350ºC (xisto verde, 1,48-1,46 Ga). O terceiro estilo estrutural D3 (ENEWSW a NE-SW) apresenta zonas cataclásticas geradas em temperaturas inferiores a 350ºC (baixo xisto verde, 1,32 Ga). Esses estilos deformacionais apresentam relação com os eventos de retrabalhamento da crosta Rondônia-Juruena: a) anomalias magnéticas L0 e estruturação D1 - geradas em evento colisional (1,64 Ga) relacionado à colagem do arco Juruena com a crosta Tapajós-Parima; b) anomalias magnéticas L1 e estruturação D2 - associadas a evento deformacional (1,52 Ga) atribuído a colisão entre os terrenos Tapajós- Parima e Juruena-Jamari; c) anomalias magnéticas L2 e evento deformacional D3 - correlacionadas ao Ciclo Orogênico Sunsás, representado na região pela Orogenia Candeias (1,37–1,32 Ga).

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A Suite Jamon de 1.88 Ga e diques associados são intrusivos em granitóides arqueanos (2.97-2.86 Ga) do Terreno Granito-Greenstone de Rio Maria a sul da Serra dos Carajás, no SE do Craton Amazônico. Aspectos petrográficos e geoquímicos associados a estudos de susceptibilidade magnética e aerogeofísica mostraram que os plútons da Suíte Jamon são normalmente zonados. Relações de magma mingling indicam injeções múltiplas de magma na construção dos plutons. Eles foram formados, em geral, por dois pulsos magmáticos: (1) um primeiro pulso magmático foi fracionado in situ após a colocação em níveis crustais rasos gerando uma série de monzogranitos equigranulares grossos com proporções variáveis de biotita e hornblenda; (2) um segundo pulso, ligeiramente mais jovem, localizado nas porções centrais dos plutons, é composto de um magma mais evoluído de onde leucogranitos equigranulares derivaram. Intrusões anelares são identificadas no plúton Redenção. O zoneamento magmático é marcado por um decréscimo do conteúdo modal de minerais máficos, das razões plagioclásio/Kfeldspato e anfibólio/biotita e do conteúdo de anortita do plagioclásio. O conteúdo de TiO2, MgO, FeOt, CaO, P2O5, Ba, Sr e Zr diminuem e os de SiO2, K2O e Rb aumentam na mesma direção. A diferenciação magmática foi controlada pelo fracionamento das fases minerais cristalizadas precocemente, incluindo anfibólio ± clinopiroxênio, andesina-oligoclásio cálcico, ilmenita, magnetita, apatita e zircão. A Suíte Jamon é subalcalina, metaluminosa a peraluminosa e possui assinatura geoquímica de granitos intraplaca do tipo-A. A ocorrência de magnetita e titanita, bem como os altos valores de susceptibilidade magnética demonstra que os granitos da Suíte Jamon foram formados em condições oxidantes. Granitos tipo-A oxidados possuem altas razões de FeOt/(FeOt+MgO), TiO2/MgO e K2O/Na2O e baixos valores de CaO e Al2O3 comparado aos granitos cálcio-alcalinos. Porém, o caráter oxidado da Suíte Jamon são similares aos granitos mesoproterozóicos do tipo-A da série magnetita do SW da América do Norte e difere dos granitos rapakivi reduzidos do Escudo da Fennoscandia e das suítes Serra dos Carajás e Velho Guilherme da Província Mineral de Carajás em vários aspectos, provavelmente pela diferença de fontes magmáticas. A Suíte Jamon cristalizou próximo ou levemente acima do tampão óxido níquel-níquel (NNO) e uma fonte biotite-honblende quartzo-dioritica sanukitoid arquena foi proposta para os magmas oxizidados da Suíte Jamon. O estudo gravimétrico indica que os plútons Redenção e Bannach são intrusões tabulares com ~ 6.0 km e ~2.2 km de espessura máxima, respectivamente. Estes plútons possuem dimensões lacolíticas e são similares neste aspecto aos clássicos plútons graníticos rapakivi. Os dados gravimétricos sugerem que o crescimento da parte norte do pluton Bannach resultou da amalgamação de plútons tabulares menores intrusivos em seqüência de noroeste a sudeste. Os plútons da Suíte Jamon foram colocados em um ambiente tectônico extensional com o esforço seguindo o trend NNE-SSW to ENE-WSW, como indicado pela ocorrência de enxames de diques de diabásio e granito pórfiro, de orientação WNW-ESE a NNW-SSE e coexistentes com a Suíte Jamon. Os plutons graníticos paleoproterozóicos e stocks de Carajás estão dispostos ao longo de um cinturão que segue o trend geral definido pelos diques. A geometria tabular dos batólitos estudados e o alto contraste de viscosidade entre os granitos e suas rochas encaixantes arquenas pode ser explicado pelo transporte de magma via diques. Os mecanismos responsáveis pela colocação dos plutons graníticos, em particular de plutons anorogênicos do tipo-A, são ainda discutidos. Desse modo, estudo da trama magnética através de medidas de anisotropia de susceptibilidade magnética (ASM) tem sido aplicado no plúton Redenção na tentativa de compreender a sua história de colocação. Os altos valores de suscetibilidade magnética (1 x 10-3 SI to 54 x 10-3 SI) indicam que a trama magnética é controlada principalmente pelos minerais ferromagnéticos. Os baixos valores do grau de anisotropia (P') e os aspectos texturais (ausência de feições deformacionais) indicam que a trama magnética é de origem magmática. A trama magnética é bem definida e caracterizada por uma foliação concêntrica de alto ângulo associada com lineações com mergulho moderado a fraco. A falta de uma trama linear unidirecional bem definida na escala do plúton sugere uma influência reduzida ou nula dos esforços (stresses) regionais durante a colocação do corpo granítico. A forma tabular e a ocorrência de foliações magnéticas de alto ângulo são interpretadas principalmente como resultado de: (1) ascensão vertical de magmas através de diques alimentadores noroeste-sudeste e acomodação pela translação ao longo dos planos da foliação regional E-W; (2) mudança do fluxo vertical para um espalhamento lateral do magma, com subsidência do assoalho criando espaço para injeção de pulsos magmáticos sucessivos; (3) expansão in situ da câmara magmática em resposta às intrusões mais tardias na porção central, acompanhada pela injeção do magma residual através de fraturas anelares.
The 1.88 Ga, anorogenic, A-type Jamon suite and associated dikes intruded 2.97 – 2.86 Ga-old Archean granitoids of the Rio Maria Granite-Greenstone Terrane which lies to the south of Serra dos Carajás, in the southeastern domain of the Amazon Craton, northern Brazil. Petrographic and geochemical aspects associated with magnetic susceptibility and gamma-ray spectrometry data showed that the Redenção and the northern part of Bannach plutons are normally zoned, with mingling relationships that indicate multiple magma injections in their construction. Both were formed by two magmatic pulses: (1) a first magma pulse which fractionated in situ after shallow crustal emplacement and generated a series of coarse, evengrained monzogranites with variable modal proportions of biotite and hornblende; (2) a second, slightly younger magma pulse, localised in the center of both plutons, and composed of a more evolved liquid from which even-grained leucogranites were derived. Seriated and porphyritic biotite monzogranite facies intruded the coarse (hornblende)-biotite monzogranites and formed anellar structures within the Redenção pluton. The magmatic zoning is marked by a systematic decrease in mafic mineral modal content, plagioclase/potassium feldspar and amphibole/biotite ratios, and anorthite content of plagioclase. TiO2, MgO, FeOt, CaO, P2O5, Ba, Sr, and Zr decreased, and SiO2, K2O, and Rb increased in the same fashion. Magmatic differentiation was controlled by fractionation of early crystallized phases, including amphibole±clinopyroxene, andesine to calcic oligoclase, ilmenite, magnetite, apatite, and zircon. The Jamon suite is subalkaline, metaluminous to mildly peraluminous, ferroan alkali-calcic, and displays geochemical affinities with within-plate A-type granites. The ubiquitous occurrence of magnetite and titanite as well as high magnetic susceptibility values demonstrate that granites of the Jamon suite are oxidized in character. Oxidized A-type granites have high FeOt/(FeOt+MgO), TiO2/MgO, and K2O/Na2O ratios and low CaO and Al2O3 compared to calc-alkaline granites. The oxidized character of the Jamon suite makes it more akin to the USA Mesoproterozoic magnetiteseries A-Ttype granites but differs from the reduced rapakivi granites of the Fennoscandian Shield, and Serra dos Carajás and Velho Guilherme suites of the Carajás province, probably because of different magmatic sources. The Jamon suite probably crystallized near or slightly above the nickel-nickel oxide (NNO) buffer and an Archean sanukitoid biotite-hornblende quartz diorite source was proposed for the oxidized Jamon magmas. Gravity modelling indicates that the Redenção and Bannach plutons are sheeted-like composite laccolithic intrusions, ~6 km and ~2 km thick, respectively. These plutons follow the general power law for laccolith dimensions and are similar in this respect to classical rapakivi granite plutons. Gravity data suggest that the growth of the northern part of the Bannach pluton was the result of the amalgamation of smaller sheeted-like plutons which successively intruded in sequence from northwest to southeast. Jamon suite plutons were emplaced in an extensional tectonic setting with the principal stress oriented approximately along NNE-SSW to ENE-WSW, as indicated by the occurrence of diabase and granite porphyry dike swarms, orientated WNWESE to NNW-SSE and coeval with the Jamon suite. The 1.88 Ga A-type granite plutons and stocks of Carajás are disposed along a belt defined by the general trend of the dike swarms. The inferred tabular geometry of the studied plutons can be explained by magma transport via dikes and it is supported the high contrast of viscosity between the granites and their Archean country rocks. Mechanisms responsible for emplacement of granitic plutons, and in particular of anorogenic A-type plutons, are still debated. A magnetic fabric study derived from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) measurements was applied to the Redenção pluton in order to understand its emplacement history. High magnetic susceptibilities (K from 1 x 10-3 SI to 54 x 10- 3 SI) indicated that magnetic fabrics are primarily carried by ferromagnetic minerals (magnetite). Low P' values and absence of intracrystalline deformation features indicated that the magnetic fabric is of magmatic origin. The magnetic fabric is well organized and characterized by concentric steep foliations associated with moderately to gently plunging lineations. The lack of a well-defined unidirectional linear fabric at pluton scale suggests the reduced or null influence of regional stresses during granite emplacement. Three stages are proposed for construction of the Redenção pluton, which reconcile the tabular shape of the intrusion with the occurrence of steep magnetic foliations: (1) ascent of magmas in vertical, northwest-striking feeder dikes and accommodation by translation along east-west-striking regional foliation planes; (2) switch from upward flow to lateral spread of magma with space for injection of successive magma pulses created by floor subsidence; and (3) in situ inflation of the magma chamber in response to the central intrusion of late facies, accompanied by evacuation of resident magmas through ring fractures.

O Domínio Macururé, localizado na porção norte da Faixa de Dobramentos Sergipana, é caracterizado por apresentar um grande volume de granitos (s.l.) de idade Neoproterozóica. O Maciço Glória Norte (MGN), que ocorre na porção centronorte do Domínio Macururé, representa uma das mais importantes intrusões que se colocaram após o pico de deformação e metamorfismo no orógeno (630 Ma). Nesse estudo identificou-se a presença de duas fácies petrográficas nesse maciço: quartzomonzonítica porfirítica, quartzo-monzonítica, além de diques leucocráticos. Os enclaves de diversos tipos, são uma feição recorrente em toda a extensão do maciço, assim como texturas evidenciam a existência do processo de misturas entre magmas. Os estudos microscópicos permitiram a identificação de várias texturas de instabilidade, e uma sequência de cristalização marcada pelo aumento de fluídos ao longo da evolução do magma. Os dados geoquímicos revelam uma afinidade com as rochas da série shoshonítica e seus enclaves exibem afinidade ultrapotássica com conteúdos de MgO e K2O sempre maiores que 3%. Nos diagramas ETR percebeuse um enriquecimento de ETR leves em relação aos pesados, além de fortes anomalias negativas de Ta, Nb, Ti, P, Sr e Eu, principalmente nos enclaves. As temperaturas médias calculadas pelo geotermômetro de Zr revelam que o início da cristalização no MGN se deu entre 810°C e 784°C e teve seu fim entre 730°C e 700°C. A idade obtida através do método U/Pb SHRIMP (588 + 5,2 Ma) posiciona o magmatismo que deu origem ao MGN, no Período Ediacarano, marcando a ocorrência de um magmatismo a 588 Ma, que não foi afetado por eventos tectônicos.
The Domain Macururé located in the northern portion of Sergipano Fold Thrust Belt, is characterized by having a large volume of granites (s.l.) of Neoproterozoic age. The Gloria Norte Massif (GNM), which occurs in the north-central portion of the Domain Macururé, represents a major intrusion that arose after the peak of deformation and metamorphism in the orogen (+ 630 Ma). In this study we identified the presence of two petrographic facies in that massif: quartz-monzonitic porphyritic, quartz-monzonitic and leucocratic dykes. The enclaves, varied tipology, are a recurrent feature in the whole extent of the massif, as well as mixtures of texture of mixing and mingling. Microscopic studies allowed the identification of various textures of the mixing and a sequence of crystallization marked by increased fluids during the evolution of the magma. Geochemical data reveal an affinity with shoshonitic series rocks, and their enclaves exhibit ultrapotassic affinity, wich always show MgO and K2O contents greater than 3%. In the diagrams ETR perceives an enrichment of LREE relative to HREE, and strong negative anomalies of Ta, Nb, Ti, P, Sr, and Eu, mostly in enclaves. The average temperature calculated by Zr geothermometer showed that the onset of MGN crystallization occurred between 810°C and 784°C, and its end was between 730°C and 700°C. The ages obtained by U/Pb SHRIMP (588 + 5.2 Ma) positions the magmatism that gave rise to the MGN, in the Ediacaran and this age mark the occurrence of a magmatism (588 Ma), which was not significantly affected by tectonic events.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
INCT/GEOCIAM - Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Geociências da Amazônia
O Granito São João (GSJ) é um batólito anorogênico de formato circular, com aproximadamente 160 km² de área, que secciona unidades arqueanas pertencentes ao Terreno Granito-Greenstone de Rio Maria, sudeste do Cráton Amazônico. É constituído dominantemente por quatro fácies petrográficas distintas: biotita-anfibólio monzogranito (BAMG), biotita-anfibólio sienogranito (BASG), anfibólio-biotita monzogranito a sienogranito (ABMSG) e biotita monzogranito a sienogranito (BMSG). O GSJ possui natureza metaluminosa a fracamente peraluminosa, razões FeOt/(FeOt+MgO) entre 0,94 e 0,99 e K<2O/Na2O entre 1 e 2, mostra afinidades geoquímicas com granitos intraplaca do tipo A, subtipo A2 e granitos ferrosos, sugerindo uma fonte crustal para sua origem. O GSJ possui conteúdos de ETRL mais elevados que os ETRP e um padrão sub-horizontalizado para esses últimos, além de anomalias negativas de Eu crescentes no sentido das rochas menos evoluídas para as mais evoluídas (BAMG → BASG→ ABMSG→ BMSG). Os dados de suscetibilidade permitiram identificar seis populações com diferentes características magnéticas, onde os valores mais elevados de SM relacionam-se às fácies menos evoluídas e os mais baixos às mais evoluídas. O estudo comparativo entre o GSJ e as suítes graníticas da Província Carajás mostra que ele apresenta maiores semelhanças geológicas, petrográficas, geoquímicas e de SM com os granitos que formam a Suíte Serra dos Carajás, podendo ser enquadrado na mesma.
The São João granite (SJG) is an anorogenic batholith of circular form, with an area of approximately 160 km2, which cuts Archean units of the Rio Maria Granite-Greenstone Terrain, southeastern Amazonian Craton. It consists of four distinct petrographic facies: biotite-amphibole monzogranite (BAMG), biotite-amphibole syenogranite (BASG), amphibole-biotite monzogranite to syenogranite (ABMSG) and biotite monzogranite to syenogranite (BMSG). The SJG has a metaluminous to weakly peraluminous nature, FeOt/(FeOt+MgO) ratios varying from 0.94 to 0.99 and K2O/Na2O from 1 to 2, shows geochemical affinities with the intraplate granites, A-type granites of A2 subtype and ferrous granites, suggesting a crustal source for its origin. The SJG has higher contents of LREE compared to HREE and a sub-horizontal pattern for the latter. The negative anomalies of Eu rising from less evolved towards more evolved rocks (BAMG → BASG→ ABMSG→ BMSG). Magnetic susceptibility data (MS) allowed the identification of six populations with different magnetic characteristics, where the highest values of MS relate to the less evolved facies and the lowest to the more evolved facies. The comparison between SJG and the granite suites of the Carajás Province shows that it displays strong geological, petrographic, geochemical and MS similarities with the granites of the Serra dos Carajás suite, and may be preliminarily included in the same.

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The study area is located within the eastern Harts Ranges, approximately 150 km ENE of Alice Springs in the Proterozoic Arunta Inlier, central Australia. Detailed geological mapping at a scale of 1:12 500 has included lithologies of the Entia Gneiss Complex within the Entia Dome, the Irindina supracrustal assemblage and the Bruna Gneiss (terminology after Ding and James, 1985). The 'basement' lithologies of the Entia Gneiss Complex have undergone at least three repeated, generally isoclinal, recumbent folding events and peak (upper amphibolite facies) metamorphism prior to intrusion of the Bruna Gneiss. The metapelitic lithologies of the Irindina supracrustal assemblage ('cover') have been subject to at least one isoclinal folding event prior to its juxtaposition with the 'basement'. Emphasis is on the Bruna Gneiss, interpreted as a variably mylonitised orthogneiss that was emplaced along a wide ductile shear zone that separated the 'cover' and 'basement'. This study subdivides the Bruna Gneiss into two lithologies on the basis of field and microstructural observations and strain analysis: the structurally lower granitic gneiss and the overlying (much thinner) megacrystic gneiss. The megacrystic gneiss, previously described as mylonite derived from the granitic gneiss, is interpreted as having been intruded independently from the bulk of the Bruna (ie granitic) Gneiss, and has undergone less complex deformation relative to the granitic gneiss.
Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 1986

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1987.
Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 187-194).

Dissertação de Mestrado em Evolução e Origem da Vida
O planeta Terra tem sofrido alterações ao longo do tempo geológico. Logo após a sua formação, há 4.6 Ga, era uma planeta homogéneo. Durante este longo intervalo de tempo, a Geosfera sofreu diversos processos de diferenciação geoquímica e geológica, responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento da actual estrutura interna da Terra. A formação da Atmosfera e da Hidrosfera ocorreu também durante o Hadaico, aproximadamente há 4.0 Ga. A evolução e interacção dos grandes sistemas terrestres (geosfera, atmosfera e hidrosfera) permitiu, ao longo da história da Terra, a reunião de condições favoráveis ao aparecimento da Vida, há pelo menos 3.8 Ga. As primeiras formas de Vida podem ter surgido nos mais diversos ambientes constituindo outro grande sistema terrestre, a Biosfera. Este trabalho tem como principal objectivo a compilação da informação mais relevante relacionada com os principais eventos e outros episódios significantes, que contribuíram para a origem da Vida e seu suporte, tendo como limite temporal o início da Era Paleozóica (há cerca de 488 Ma).
The planet Earth has been changing through the geologic time. The Earth was created 4.6 Ga ago as a homogeneous planet. During this long period of time, several processes occurred originating the geochemical and geological differentiation of the Geosphere and developing the present internal Earth structure. The formation of the Atmosphere and Hydrosphere occurred during the Hadean, approximately 4.0 Ga ago. The evolution and interaction of these important terrestrial systems (geosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere) allowed, during Earth history, the development of vital conditions for the emergence of Life, at least 3.8 Ga ago. The first organisms might have appeared from the most diverse environments constituting another important system, the Biosphere. The main objective of this work is to compile the most relevant information related with major geological events and other significant episodes, which have contributed to the emergence of Life and its support throughout geological time until early Paleozoic (around 488 Ma ago).

Includes copies of articles co-authored by the author during the preparation of this thesis.
Addendum attached to back cover.
Bibliography: leaves 125-135.
x, 135 leaves [98] : ill. (some col.), maps ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Focuses on the use of geophysical, geochemical and isotopic data in order to identify the timing and processes of crustal heat-producing element enrichment within South Australia.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Adelaide University, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 2001

Includes copies of articles co-authored by the author during the preparation of this thesis.
Addendum attached to back cover.
Bibliography: leaves 125-135.
x, 135 leaves [98] : ill. (some col.), maps ; 30 cm.
Focuses on the use of geophysical, geochemical and isotopic data in order to identify the timing and processes of crustal heat-producing element enrichment within South Australia.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Adelaide University, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 2001

Precambrian mafic magmatism and its role in the evolution of Earth’s crust has been paid serious attention by researchers for the last four decades. The emplacement of mafic dyke swarms acts as an important time marker in geological terrains. Number of shield terrains throughout the world has been intruded by the Precambrian dyke swarms, hence the presence of these dykes are useful to understand the Proterozoic tectonics, magmatism, crustal growth and continental reconstruction. Likewise, the Protocontinents of Indian Shield e.g. Aravalli-Bundelkhand, Dharwar, Bastar, and Singhbhum Protocontinent had experienced the dyke swarm intrusions having different characteristics and orientations. In Singhbhum craton, an impressive set of mafic dyke swarm, called as Newer dolerite dyke swarm, had intruded the Precambrian Singhbhum granitoid complex through a wide geological period from 2800 to 1100 Ma. Present chapter focuses on the published results or conclusions of these dykes in terms of their mantle source characteristics, metasomatism of the mantle source, degree of crustal contamination and partial melting processes. Geochemical characteristics of these dykes particularly Ti/Y, Zr/Y, Th/Nb, Ba/Nb, La/Nb, (La/Sm)PM are similar to either MORB or subduction zone basalts that occur along the plate margin. The enriched LREE-LILE and depletion of HFSE especially Nb, P and Ti probably indicate generation of these dykes in a subduction zone setting.