Дисертації з теми "Protéines effectrices de type III"
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Arroyo, Velez Noe. "Effets des effecteurs de type III de Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris dans la physiologie d'Arabidopsis." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU30064.
Повний текст джерелаXanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) causes black rot disease on Brassicaceae species including cabbages, radish, mustard and the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. During pathogenesis, Xcc secrete Type 3 Effector (T3E) proteins via the Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS) into plant cells to modulate host physiology and promote pathogenicity. The repertoire of T3Es present in a given strain largely influences its niche, host range and lifestyle. In the Xcc strain 8004, twenty-eight genes have been predicted to encode proteins secreted by the T3SS. The functions of most Type 3 Secreted Proteins (T3SPs) within plant cells remain elusive. In this project, different strategies were approached to characterize the biological functions of the T3SPs of Xcc strain 8004 in plant cells. In the first chapter, we showed that the loss of individual T3SPs did not cause a significant effect on Xcc virulence on Arabidopsis. Yet, the heterologous expression of individual T3SPs in Arabidopsis plants revealed many T3SPs with marked effects on plant growth and transcriptome. Several T3SPs also triggered plant immune responses and some exhibited ambivalent activities by simultaneously inhibiting flg22-triggered phosphorylation of MPK3/6. In the second chapter, we conducted a comparative analysis of the in planta functions of the T3E XopAG and RipO1 which are encoded by orthologous genes in Xcc strain 8004 and Ralstonia solanacearum strain GMI1000 respectively. In our experiments, XopAG showed a significant contribution to Xcc pathogenicity that was not related to the suppression of some basal immune responses. XopAG and RipO1 exhibited functional similarities. Indeed, both T3E affected the expression of genes responsive to auxin, jasmonic acid and ethylene suggesting that both effectors inhibit plant growth. Finally, we made some efforts to identify the plant target of XopAG. An in silico search followed by pathogenicity assays posits BRG3 (BOI-RELATED GENE 3) as a candidate target of XopAG. In a parallel approach, we performed a suppressor screen to identify suppressor mutations that alleviate the growth defect induced by XopAG in Arabidopsis plants, resulting in eight suppressor lines. These provide a valuable opportunity to identify the pathways targetted by XopAG in Arabidopsis. Altogether, this project contributes to the better comprehension of the biological activities exerted by the Xcc strain 8004 T3SPs in planta
Szurek, Boris. "Caractérisation de la protéine effectrice AvrBs3 de xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria : Injection dans la cellule végétale et localisation nucléaire. Recherche des protéines de piment cibles." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INAP0051.
Повний текст джерелаDupret, Barbara. "Etude du rôle des protéines Polycomb Pcgf1 et Ezh2 chez le poisson zèbre Danio rerio." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10115/document.
Повний текст джерелаPCR1 and PRC2 are complexes that control gene expression via chromatin structure reorganization. This expression regulation is maintained by adding epigentics marks H2AK119ub1 by the PRC1 and adding of H3K27me3 by the PRC2. The study devotes to study the role of the protein Pcgf1 (part of the PRC1 complex) and of the Ezh2 protein (part of the PRC2 complex) during the zebrafish development. The PRC1 complex is formed by different proteins including Pcgf proteins. There are several Pcgf homologs that have different functions. The study reveals that some Pcgf proteins have a different expression during caudal fin regeneration and development. We are interested in Pcgf1 protein during the zebrafish development. The pcgf1 gene was inactivated by using TALEN. The fish pcgf1-/- are viable and fertile. However, the early development is delayed and adults show signs of accelerated aging. This mutant is the first vertebrate model showing the role of Pcgf1 in cells proliferation during development and aging. Ezh2 protein is involved in cell-fate decisions and differenciation. Inactivation of ezh2 gene by TALEN reveals the essential role of Ezh2 during development. Indeed, at the beginning embryos develop normally then larvae die at 12 days post-fertilization. Interestingly, zebrafish embryo can gastrulate without Ezh2. This contradicts with observations in mouse model. The organs are properly formed at 5 days postfertilization. Larvae show defects in the intestinal bulb wall. Ezh2 is important for exocrine pancreas maintenance. The absence of Ezh2 causes an increase in apoptic cells. Ezh2 is essential during caudale fin regeneration
Barreau, Carine. "Étude fonctionnelle des éléments riches en AU de type III et implication de la protéine CUG-BP1." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S055.
Повний текст джерелаIzoré, Thierry. "Etudes structurale et fonctionnelle de protéines impliquées dans la virulence chez S. pneumoniae et P. aeruginosa." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENV047/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis manuscript is made up of two parts The first part describes the structural study of RrgA from Streptococcus pneumoniae. This protein is a pilus-associated adhesin that is able to bind to several components of the Extra Cellular Matrix and thus, participates in the first steps of host colonization. We solved the structure of RrgA to 1.9 Å by X-Ray crystallography. We showed that RrgA folds into an elongated 4-domain structure, and these domains display both eukaryotic and prokaryotic origins. Actually, three out of the four domains are reminiscent of IgG and Cna-B structures and act like stalks to orient and display the large Integrin-like domain. We confirmed the presence of two isopeptide bonds by mass spectrometry and hypothesised that the two inserted arms in the integrin domain could explain the wide variety of substrates RrgA can bind. The second part of this manuscript focuses on the structural studies of the ATPase complex as well as ExsB, the putative pilotin of the type III secretion system from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This bacterium is a major threat in hospital-acquired infections and the main pathogen found in cystic-fibrosis suffering patients. For the first time we were able to express and purify the ATPase PscN in complex with its partner PscL. Crystallization trials led to a very promising condition that is being refined. Moreover, we confirmed expression of the lipoprotein ExsB in P. aeruginosa that we localised in the outer membrane. To have a better understanding of this protein, we also solved its high-resolution structure that displays a novel fold and our study paves the way for coming studies concerning pilotins
Perdu, Caroline. "Etude de deux protéines impliquées dans l'injection de toxines par la bactérie Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV018.
Повний текст джерелаPseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram negative bacterium responsible for nosocomial infections, exhibits numerous virulence factors to infect its hosts. In particular, the Type III Secretion System (T3SS) allows the injection of effectors directly into the host cell cytoplasm. This work focuses on the study of two proteins from the T3SS of P. aeruginosa: the ATPase PscN and the ExsB protein. Several approaches were used to study the ATPase PscN, an enzyme essential for T3SS activity. Site-directed mutations, made on PscN, lead to non cytotoxic strains, and this effect is dominant negative. Another approach allowed the partial purification of active PscN, visualized as large complexes by electron microscopy. These partially purified samples also contain other T3SS proteins, which could interact with PscN. The ExsB protein was characterized for the first time. After checking its expression in P. aeruginosa, its association with the outer membrane was shown. The phenotypic analysis of a strain lacking exsB gene gave insights into the role of this protein. We did not identified any function of ExsB in the T3SS regulation. After showing the involvement of ExsB in the bacterial virulence during acute animal infections, ExsB role in T3SS activity was established. Finally, we showed that ExsB has a pilotin activity as it participates in the assembly of the secretin, the outer membrane component of T3SS
Collet, Clémence. "Mécanisme de polarisation d'Ipac, effecteur et composé du système de sécrétion de type III chez Shigella flexneri." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077192.
Повний текст джерелаAn increasing number of proteins are localized in specific regions of the bacteria, this subcellular localization being key to their function. In the absence of intracellular membrane-bound compartment, however, the mechanism underlying the localization of E. Coli proteins to the cell pole has remained elusive. Here, we show that polarization of the Shigella type III secretion system translocon component IpaC is driven by its association with the DnaK chaperone. An IpaC construct fused to the Venus fluorescent protein (Civ) induced DnaK complexes that were excluded from the nucleoid and accumulated at the bacterial pole independent of its co-chaperones. Fluorescence alter photobleaching (FRAP) analysis indicated that Civ diffusion at the pole was restricted, likely by DnaK association. DnaK prevented the lethal accumulation of aggregated Civ through the bacterial body, to allow its reversible sequestration at the pole. We believe that these findings are shedding new lights a bacterial means to confine proteins at the pole through the nucleoid-mediated exclusion of DnaK-substrate complexes, that may then serve as a reservoir of , unfolded or partially unfolded proteins. It is anticipated that these findings will be the starting point of further studies aiming at characterizing the link between these polar DnaK-substrate complexes and functional processes involving protein unfolding, such as bacterial secretion
Robin, Guillaume P. "Peptides et protéines de Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae : vers l'identification de nouveaux facteurs de virulence." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20122.
Повний текст джерелаXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is the agent of bacterial leaf blight BLB in rice, a disease which causes considerable yield losses throughout the world. In the arms race underlying the interactions between the microorganism and the host, the presence of virulence factors in the former parallels that of resistance factors in the latter. Understanding the mechanisms of Xoo's infectious cycle is of paramount importance for the elaboration of new fighting strategies to combat BLB. To achieve this, several complementary approaches to characterize components of Xoo's pathogenicity have been employed.First, we performed comparative proteomics that allowed us to identify novel HrpX-induced candidate pathogenicity factors of an African Xoo strain. Second, the involvement of two peptides in Xoo's pathogenicity has been investigated. One was speculated to be the avirulence factor AvrXa21 and has been characterized both functionally and phylogenetically. The other one was found to be synthesized by a Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetase (NRPS), reminescent to NRPS genes found in Xanthomonas albilineans. In order to determine the role of NRPS-mediated synthesis in Xoo virulence, we studied a strain carrying a mutated regulatory gene of the NRPS pathway. Finally, we provide new information on the topology of the HrcR membrane protein which is a conserved component of the type III secretion system of most Xanthomonas
Lohou, David. "Contribution à la caractérisation fonctionnelle de protéines de contrôle de la sécrétion d'effecteurs de type III chez la bactérie phytopathogène Ralstonia solanacearum : chaperonnes et protéine à domaine T3S4." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/4336/.
Повний текст джерелаThe plant pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum is the causative agent of the bacterial wilt on more than 200 plant species, including agronomic species, making it one of the most important bacterial disease in the world. The pathogenicity of the bacteria is largely based on its ability to inject proteins, called type III effectors (T3Es) via the type III secretion system (T3SS). The last decade has been particularly marked by the discovery of many proteins involved in the control of the type III secretion process in pathogenic bacteria. In R. Solanacearum , these control mechanisms remain unknown , unlike the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. In this work, we focused on the functional characterization of the proteins HpaB (Rsp0853), HpaD (RSp0848) and FliT-like (RSc2897) for which several elements suggest a potential role as type III chaperones (T3Cs). We also focused on the HpaP protein (Rsp0862) which harbors a T3S4 domain (Type III Secretion Substrate Specificity Switch). We showed the ability of some CT3s to interact with each other and, concerning HpaB and HpaD, to interact with many T3Es. In addition, the three putative T3Cs seem to be involved in the pathogenicity of R. Solanacearum, HpaB being even strictly required for bacterial virulence. Furthermore, our work highlights the importance of HpaP in pathogenicity and its involvement in the control of the secretion of T3SS substrates. The results suggest in particular that HpaP promotes the secretion of the T3E PopP1 by physically interacting with the latter. Finally, the characterization of conserved sequences in the T3S4 domain reveals the importance of this region for the function of the HpaP protein. On the whole, this work suggests the involvement of several proteins of R. Solanacearum in the control of the type III secretion process and highlights the diversity of mechanisms in which T3S4 proteins are involved in pathogenic bacteria
Jneid, Bakhos. "Evaluation de l’effet protecteur de protéines du système de sécrétion de type III de bactéries entéropathogènes pour la vaccination et l’immunothérapie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS578/document.
Повний текст джерелаSalmonella and Shigella species are food and water borne pathogens that are responsible for enteric infections in both humans and animals. These infectious diseases are still the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the emerging countries. The existence of multiple Salmonella and Shigella serotypes as well as the emergence of antibio- resistant strains, require the development of protective and broad-spectrum vaccines. All these bacteria utilize a system for injection of their effectors, called injectisome or Type III Secretion System (T3SS), necessary for their pathogenicity. While effector proteins are varied and depend essentially on the cellular target and thus on the specificity of the pathogen, the structural proteins that form the injectisome are common to all virulent Salmonella and Shigella spp., particularly the needle proteins PrgI and MxiH and the needle-tip proteins SipD and IpaD of Salmonella and Shigella respectively. These proteins, strongly involved in the virulence of the bacteria, appear to be ideal candidate antigens for a subunit-based, broad spectrum vaccine.The first aim of my PhD was to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of structural proteins of the above-mentioned injectisome against Salmonella and Shigella infections. The recombinant proteins were prepared and produced in the laboratory and were used alone or in combination to immunize mice using different routes. The immune responses of immunized mice were then analyzed by immunometric assays. Finally, the protective efficacy was evaluated in a mouse model of intestinal (Salmonella) or pulmonary (Shigella) challenge. The best result was obtained by orogastric immunization with 70% of protection. This strategy also allowed to estimate the relevance of this approach in a mouse model of crossed protection (from 25 to 60%). The second objective of my PhD was to evaluate the protective efficacy of murine monoclonal antibodies recognizing conserved regions of SipD and IpaD proteins. The obtained antibodies were characterized and their therapeutic effect was evaluated in vivo with a Salmonella and Shigella infection murine model (up to 60% of protection).To conclude, this work showed that some conserved structural proteins composing the injectisome of enteropathogenic bacteria is of interest for treatment of enteric diseases caused by Salmonella and Shigella
Chailloux, Pascal. "Intérêt du dosage de la laminine P1 et du procollagéne de type III chez le cirrhotique alcoolique : étude prospective de 40 patients." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3020.
Повний текст джерелаIzore, Thierry. "Etudes structurale et fonctionnelle de protéines impliquées dans la virulence chez S. pneumoniae et P. aeruginosa." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00638763.
Повний текст джерелаRemigi, Philippe. "Évolution et fonction de la famille d'effecteurs de type III gala de la bactérie phytopathogène ralstonia solanacearum." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1585/.
Повний текст джерелаThe plant pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum possesses a large repertoire of type III effectors, among which a family of seven proteins called GALAs. GALAs are collectively required for the virulence of R. Solanacearum on different host plants. Interestingly, GALAs are homologous to plant F-box proteins which are involved in the eukaryotic ubiquitine-proteasome system. Thus GALAs could enable R. Solanacearum to manipulate the stability of some plant proteins during infection. Through this work, we demonstrated that the GALA family members underwent functional divergence during evolution. Integrating bioinformatics studies along with experimental data, we showed that GALA proteins display functional specificities and show differential requirement for pathogenicity on different hosts. This functional divergence likely contributed to the remarkable conservation of the GALA family among R. Solanacearum strains. We then analyzed more specifically the virulence function of GALA7 which had been shown to be a host specificity factor on Medicago truncatula. A structure-function analysis was initiated in order to identify the amino-acids which are required for GALA7 function during infection. Using transgenic plants expressing GALA7, we showed that this effector is probably an active E3-ubiquitine ligase enzyme within plant cells. Finally, using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified several putative GALA interactors. Our work thus provides new insights into the selective forces driving the evolution of type III effectors and contributes to a better understanding of GALA functions during infection
Belkhadir, Youssef. "Genetic and biochemical characterization of host protein complexes containing the targets of AvrRpm1 and AvrB in Arabidopsis." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112248.
Повний текст джерелаPlants express a finely tuned immune system. Recognition specificity resides in a limited number of protein families, the largest of which contains N-terminal signaling domains, a central nucleotide-binding (NB) cassette with broader homology to Apaf-1 and CED3 and various lengths of Leucine-Rich Repeats (LRRs). There are roughly 150 NB-LRR genes in the complete Arabidopsis thaliana genome. They are predicted to encode intracellular proteins. Each NB-LRR allele is typically activated by a single signal, usually a protein, encoded by particular alleles of pathogen genes. Thus, this branch of the plant immune system exhibits specificity. Phytopathogenic bacteria, like Pseudomonas syringae, use evolutionarily conserved type III delivery pili to transit type III effector proteins into the host cytosol. Type III effector proteins, and presumably other virulence factors, can contribute to disease by dampening the host's basal defense response to pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), or by providing a more nourishing microniche for the growing pathogen colony. Following infection, Arabidopsis RIN4, a plant protein of unknown function, is targeted by three different type III effector proteins, AvrRpm1, AvrB and AvrRpt2 from the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, and the two NB-LRR disease resistance proteins, RPM1 and RPS2 physically associated with RIN4, respond specifically to the their presence to trigger disease resistance. To further investigate the R gene signaling pathways mediated by RPM1 and RPS2, several lines of experimentation were initiated. Here, we further characterize RIN4 function. We describe that RIN4 is a negative regulator of RPM1 and RPS2
Laroucau, Karine. "Recherche de facteurs de virulence de Chlamydia : étude de la souche vaccinale C. psittaci 1B, du système de sécrétion de type III et de la famille multigénique codant les protéines Pmp." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR3306.
Повний текст джерелаNamdari, Fatémeh. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de BamB, protéine impliquée dans la biogénèse de la membrane externe et la virulence de Salmonella." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4005/document.
Повний текст джерелаBamB is an outer-membrane lipoprotein belonging to the BAM complex (β-Barrel Assembly Machinery). In Salmonella, it is involved in the assembly of outer membrane proteins (OMP), in antibiotic susceptibility, in the transcriptional control of the three Type-Three-Secretion-Systems (T3SS) related genes and also in virulence. In E. coli, BamB interacts directly with the BamA protein. Moreover, BamB has been shown to have a serine-threonin kinase activity in this bacterium. In order to better characterize the roles of the BamB protein, our purposes were to study (1) the impact of the alteration of the interaction of BamB with the BAM complex or of its cytoplasmic sequestration and (2) its putative kinase activity in Salmonella. Our results show that some of the BamB roles are dissociable and that the BamA/BamB interaction is not required for T3SS expression, Salmonella virulence or OMP assembly in the outer membrane. Currently, neither a kinase activity nor a cytoplasmic activity has been clearly demonstrated for this protein
Lopez, Sanchez Uriel. "Dual functions of the XPR1/SLC53A1 phosphate exporter and other transporters as nutrient transporters and receptors of gammaretrovirus envelope-like glycoproteins." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT042.
Повний текст джерелаPhosphate (Pi) is a key mineral that participates directly in the synthesis of nucleic acids and membranes, bone and tooth mineralization, energy production, and signal transduction. Pi homeostasis is tightly regulated by transporter-mediated fluxes that adjust Pi concentration in real time, and defect in Pi transport has been associated with several pathologies. In humans, three Pi transporters, which belong to the solute carrier (SLC) superfamily, are widely expressed: PiT1/SLC20A1, PiT2/SLC20A2, and XPR1/SLC53A1. Interestingly, all three were initially identified as receptors for mammalian gammaretroviruses.Mutations in PiT2/SLC20A2 are responsible for a rare neurodegenerative disorder, the primary familial brain calcification (PFBC), characterized by deposits of calcium Pi in the basal ganglia and other regions of the brain, and associated with diverse neuropsychiatric clinical manifestations. While PiT1/SLC20A1 has not been involved in PFBC, we recently identified mutations in XPR1/SLC53A1 as causative for PFBC, thus linking further the disease with cellular Pi homeostasis dysfunction.In this work, we aimed to understand how defects of opposite Pi transport functions lead to PFBC, investigated the relationship between PiT2 and XPR1 in cellular Pi regulation, and studied XPR1 domains in Pi transport. We first identified several PFBC mutations in PiT2/SLC20A2 and XPR1/SLC53A1, and confirmed their impact on Pi import or export, respectively. Some of the mutations altered transporter cell surface expression, resulting in Pi transport impairment, while others did neither alter cell surface expression, nor retroviral receptor functions, confirming that Pi transport function and viral envelope glycoprotein binding can be structurally distinguished.Using single gene knock-out human haploid cells, we showed that depletion of XPR1/SLC53A1 resulted in a dramatic Pi export alteration, with no detectable effect on Pi import, in agreement with Pi exporter function of XPR1. Interestingly, depletion of PiT2/SLC20A2 had little impact on Pi uptake, most likely due to compensatory function of PiT1/SLC20A1, with, however, a surprising impact on Pi export mediated by XPR1. This effect is reminiscent to a regulation loop that we found to maintain both Pi and ATP constant. This results unveil for the first time that Pi export alteration, and not Pi import, is likely to be the common pathophysiological impact of mutations in both PiT2 and XPR1. This would explain the synonymous pathological effects of two transporters that have opposite transport activity.We further explored this regulated phosphate export by characterizing the SPX N-terminal cytoplasmic domain of XPR1, which harbors most of the PFBC mutations. We identified a cellular tankyrase (TNK) as a binding partner and mapped the TNK-binding site to the carboxyl border of SPX; furthermore, we found that mutations that abolished TNK binding resulted in loss of Pi export. Full deletion of SPX domain maintained cell surface expression but altered export, suggesting that both TNK and SPX are essential components for Pi export. Finally, during this work, we identified mutations in the XPR1 C-terminal domain as responsible for PFBC that also impaired Pi export, and showed that deletion of this domain prevented XPR1 cell surface expression. Our results therefore indicate that N- and C-terminal domains of XPR1 play a key role in phosphate homeostasis, the latter domain appearing to exert a more prominent role in XPR1 membrane trafficking and/or folding