Дисертації з теми "Protéine non structurale NS1"
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Furnon, Wilhelm. "La protéine non-structurale NS1 du virus West Nile : étude fonctionnelle et cible potentielle de nouvelles molécules antivirales." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1008/document.
Повний текст джерелаAmong emerging mosquito-borne viruses (arboviruses), flaviviruses like Dengue, Zika and West Nile virus (WNV) are very often involved in outbreaks. WNV causes several neuroinvasive diseases, which can be lethal, in humans and horses each year. This virus is a threat for both, human and animal public health. Furthermore, there is no human vaccine currently or any specific antiviral treatments against WNV.Among viral factors which are essential for flavivirus infection, the nonstructural glycoprotein NS1 is a multifunctional protein. The secreted form sNS1, is released in the extracellular medium from infected cells and is strongly involved in immune system dysregulation. The functions of sNS1 play roles in immune escape and, paradoxically, in pathogenesis which is observed in severe forms of the disease. Because most of this data are about Dengue Virus, we would like to study, in vitro, functional properties of the sNS1WNV during infection of epithelial, glial and neuronal mammalian cells. Based on the high sNS1 protein structure similarities among flaviviruses, our hypothesis suggests a role of sNS1WNV in neuroinvasive infections.The sNS1WNV protein doesn’t seem to modulate viral infection steps. However, it is involved in actin cytoskeleton remodeling in epithelial cells. sNS1WNV is also involved in the activation of antiviral response pathways in non-infected neuronal cells. On the other hand, by targeting sNS1 and envelope protein E of WNV, we performed a screening of aRep molecules (artificial proteins with alphahelicoïdal repeats) and isolated ligands with high affinity for these viral factors. Because this new type of molecules is able to specifically bind to sNS1 and E, they have potential to be used for the development of new diagnostic tools and antiviral therapeutic agents
Anouja, Fatima. "Etude des facteurs cellulaires impliqués dans la toxicité de la protéine non structurale NS1 du parvovirus MVM(p)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212375.
Повний текст джерелаOp, De Beeck Anne. "Etude du mode d'action cytotoxique de la protéine non structurale NS1 du parvovirus oncolytique MVMp: interférence avec la division cellulaire ou Chronique d'une mort annoncée." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212389.
Повний текст джерелаDong, Jiawei. "Etude in vitro des interactions entre la protéine NS1 du virus respiratoire syncytial et la sous-unité MED25 du Médiateur humain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASQ077.
Повний текст джерелаRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe respiratory infections, particularly in infants and young children. It evades the innate immune system notably thanks to its two non-structural proteins, NS1 and NS2. The NS1 protein functions as an interferon antagonist, inhibiting both the production of interferons and their signaling pathways. However, a new hypothesis suggests that NS1 could also contribute to the regulation of host gene expression via an interaction with the MED25 subunit of the mediator complex, a coactivator of transcription by RNA polymerase II. My thesis focuses on the structural characterization of this interaction in vitro.In a first step, I wanted to ensure that NS1 was in its native form under the conditions used for interaction experiments. NS1 can indeed be produced as a recombinant protein in E. coli, and a crystallographic structure of NS1 is available: it reveals a globular domain "NS1core" and a C-terminal helix "NS1α3" located at the interface of an NS1 dimer. However, NS1 is challenging to study in solution due to its propensity to self-assemble. I thus analyzed the behavior of NS1 under different experimental conditions and by different biophysical techniques: differential scanning fluorimetry to assess stability, circular dichroism to assess secondary structure, and light scattering to assess size. This allowed providing evidence for an NS1 monomer-dimer equilibrium. A deletion mutant of NS1, NS1∆α3 corresponding to NS1core, was amenable to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for structural analysis at the single residue scale. I performed backbone assignment, and showed that it was well folded in solution. Large line-widths and 15N relaxation measurements pointed at exchange phenomena. Assignment of NS1∆α3 then permitted to partially assign full-length NS1 and to analyze NMR interaction experiments.The second part of my thesis focuses on the interaction between NS1 and the ACID domain of MED25. NMR studies using 15N- and 13C-labeled MED25-ACID protein and a peptide corresponding to NS1α3 first revealed that NS1α3 interacts with MED25-ACID. Additionally, calorimetry experiments showed that full-length NS1 had a much higher affinity than NS1α3, suggesting a potential interaction via the globular NS1core domain in addition to the NS1α3 helix. Data obtained from biolayer interferometry (BLI) then confirmed this interaction. These data showed that NS1∆α3 binds to MED25-ACID with lower affinity than NS1, exhibiting two binding modes. AlphaFold2 modeling did not produce reliable complex models with NS1∆α3 or NS1α3. But it allowed reasonably accurate prediction of the structure of the MED25-ACID−NS1 complex. NS1 mutants based on this prediction were tested by BLI, showing a reduction in interaction with MED25-ACID
Brinster, Carine. "Étude comparative de différents vaccins codant pour la protéine non structurale 3 (ns3) du virus de l'hépatite C." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO1T034.
Повний текст джерелаFritz, Matthieu. "Analyse interactomiques et fonctionnelles de la protéine NS2 du virus de l'hépatite C et d'hepacivirus non-humains." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC310/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe recent emergence of a panel of direct acting antivirals will certainly help combat chronic hepatitis C in the future. However, in the current context worldwide, a peak of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma is expected in the next decade. Deepening our understanding of HCV life cycle and HCV interference with host cells may help monitor HCV-associated pathogenesis. The aim of my PhD work was to identify the network of host and viral interactors of HCV nonstructural protein 2 and to unravel the mechanisms of action and regulation of this multifunctional, transmembrane protein, which is key both for the viral polyprotein cleavage and virion morphogenesis.In the first part of the work, we comparatively characterized molecular mechanisms underlying the enzymatic activity of NS2 proteins from HCV and from various non-human hepaciviruses that infect small New World primates (GBV-B) or that were recently identified in the wild in several mammalian species (NPHV, RHV, BHV, GHV). A combination of phylogenetic analyses, tridimensional structural models, and studies relying on the transient expression of viral polypeptide precursors or on infection models showed that NS2 proteases of the various hepaciviruses (1) act as dimers with two composite active sites to ensure NS2/NS3 junction cleavage, (2) are regulated in the polyprotein backbone via a hydrophobic patch at the surface of NS3 N-terminal domain (NS3N) that is essential to activate NS2 protease, and (3) are efficient in the complete absence of NS3N, which is unprecedented and suggests that NS3N has rather a negative or regulating role on NS2 activity. These data underline the functional importance of NS2 proteolytic mechanisms that are conserved across hepaciviruses.In the second part, we identified a network of cellular factors and viral proteins that interact with NS2 in the course of HCV infection using an interactomic screen based on affinity purification and mass spectrometry analysis of protein complexes retrieved form HCV infected hepatoma cells, as well as a split-luciferase complementation assay. Next, using a gene silencing approach, we found that a limited set of NS2 interactors among these host factors were involved in HCV particle assembly and/or secretion. This includes members of the endoplasmic reticulum signal peptidase complex (SPCS), chaperone proteins (DNAJB11, HSPA5) and a factor involved in intracellular transport (SURF4). Notably, our data are in favor of the existence of a multiprotein complex involving NS2, several members of the SPCS, and the viral E2 glycoprotein, which likely plays a role in an early step of HCV particle assembly or during particle envelopment. Altogether, my PhD work allowed us to identify a limited set of hepatocyte factors interacting with HCV NS2 during infection and to pinpoint those that are essential for HCV morphogenesis. Additionally, our results contributed to the molecular characterization of the recently identified non-human hepaciviruses and revealed that these hepaciviruses share with HCV key mechanisms in the course of their infectious life cycles. This highlights the value of non-human hepaciviruses as surrogate animal models of HCV infection
Le, May Nicolas. "Mécanismes de pathogenèse de la protéine non structurale NSs du virus de la Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077205.
Повний текст джерелаThe Rift Valley fever virus is a phlebovirus of the Bunyaviridae family transmitted by mosquitoes and affecting cattle, sheep, goats and humans. It causes many dramatic epidémies and epizootics in Africa and recently it was introduced in Yemen and in Saudi Arabia with a high mortality rate. The viral genome is composed of three segments of RNA: the L and M segments are of negative polarity and encode respectively for the RNA polymerase RNA dependent and the precursor of envelope glycoproteins. The S segment utilises an ambisense strategy and codes for the nucleoprotein N and the non structural protein NSs. Although the viral cycle is cytoplasmic, the NSs protein (256 amino acids, 31 kDa) is nuclear and forms filament. Moreover, it was shown that NSs is the major pathogenicity factor, inhibiting IFN beta messenger RNA synthesis but do not disturb the formation of the enhanceosome (NF-KB, IRF3 and ATF2/cjun). We found that infection by RVFV leads to i) a rapid and drastic suppression of host cellular RNA synthesis that parallels a decrease of the TFIIH transcription factor concentration, ii) an inhibition of CBP recruitment and histones acetylation on IFNp promoter and iii) STAT1 proteolysis. Using yeast two hybrid System, immunoprecipitations, Chips and confocal microscopy, we further demonstrated that each event is linked to the association of the nonstructural viral NSs protein with respectively the TFIIH subunit p44, co-repressors subunit SAP30 and Socs 1 in the nuclear filaments. NSs prevents the assembly of newly synthesized TFIIH subunits. NSs, through the interaction between SAP30 and YY1 transcription factor, stabilizes co-repressors like N-coR or Sin3 responsible of histones deacetylation on IFNp promoter and preventing the association between CBP and YY1. Finally NSs provokes Socs 1 accumulation and, through a Socs 1 containing-E3 ligase complex, it degrades STAT1 and inhibes induction by IFNy. These observations shed light on the mechanisms utilized by RVFV to evade the host response
Boukadida, Célia. "Analyses structurales et fonctionnelles comparées de la protéine non structurale NS2 des hepacivirus : topologie transmembranaire, activité protéolytique et rôle dans la morphogenèse des particules virales." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077154.
Повний текст джерелаHepatitis C virus (HCV) chronically infects approximately 150 million persons worldwide and is associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The objective of this work was to gain insight into the role of HCV nonstructural protein 2 (NS2) in the viral life cycle. With this aim, we undertook to determine whether structural and functional features of NS2 were conserved between HCV and two phylogenetically related viruses, GB virus B (GBV-B) and the non-primate hepacivirus (NPHV) that infect small primates and horses, respectively. Our membrane association and structural analyses revealed that despite limited sequence similarity, HCV and GBV-B NS2 proteins share a similar topological organization, with three transmembrane segments located in their N-terminal region and a cytosolic C-terminal domain. We further demohstrated that GBV-B and NPHV NS2 are cysteine auto-proteases responsible for the cleavage at the NS2/NS3 junction and that GBV-B NS2 is a dimeric protease containing a composite catalytic triad, as previously shown for HCV NS2. However, unlike for HCV and NPHV NS2, the transmembrane region of GBV-B NS2 is required for its proteolytic activity. Chimeric and trans-complementation approaches revealed that the role of HCV NS2 in particle assembly is virus and genotype specific. Moreover, our data suggested that functional interactions between the N- and C-terminal subdomains of HCV NS2 are critically involved in virion morphogenesis. Finally, we developed a fluorescent microscopy approach to follow HCV NS2 trafficking in live infected cells in order to gain further insight into the mechanisms of action of this protein during HCV life cycle
Bakhache, William. "Interactions de la protéine nsP1 du virus Chikungunya avec les membranes de l’hôte et conséquences fonctionnelles." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT008.
Повний текст джерелаPositive strand RNA ((+) RNA) viruses share the common capacity to rearrange cellular membranes into vesicular organelles. These membranous compartments referred to as replication organelles (ROs), are seen as providing an appropriate environment recruiting all viral components and cofactors required for replication. Because of their strict necessity for viral replication, these compartments and the molecular mechanisms required for their assembly have generated an intense interest in recent years. Contrasting with the consequential advances made in this field for other (+)RNA viruses, virtually no mechanistic data has been produced on the formation of ROs by Alphaviruses which in the last decade have proven to be medically paramount viruses, especially with the recent spread of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). CHIKV is a re-emerging virus transmitted by mosquitoes that has caused outbreaks with devastating socio-economic impact in countries where it propagates. Symptoms include high fever and rash, with a significant percentage of patients suffering of long-term, often incapacitating, joint pain. Currently there is no vaccine or anti-viral treatment for this virus.CHIKV ROs appear as 50-60 nm electron translucent bulb-shaped spherules resulting from negative curvature at the plasma membrane. Inside these compartments, the replication machinery is anchored to the membrane through the direct interaction of the non-structural protein 1 (nsP1) with the lipid bilayer. When expressed as an isolated protein nsP1 dramatically remodels cellular membranes into filopodia-like protrusions. Therefore, this designated nsP1 as a critical factor in cellular membrane reshaping observed during infection. In this context, the aim of this thesis, with nsP1 at its centerpiece, is to characterize nsP1 interactions with cellular membranes and to define their functional consequences on viral replication. In this investigation, we have demonstrated the role of host cell lipid metabolism in nsP1 membrane anchoring and viral infection. Our results indicate that fatty acid synthesis is required for viral life cycle and favors nsP1 interaction with membranes. We also provide the very first information on the role of unsaturated fatty acids in Alphavirus replication. In-depth studies on the role of cholesterol revealed that palmitoylated nsP1 anchored CHIKV non-structural proteins to cholesterol-rich microdomains with functional consequences on replication. Finally, we have identified nsP1 interactome in order to identify host-cofactors required for the membrane deformation induced by this viral protein. Taken together, this thesis provides new information on nsP1/membrane lipids and host cofactors interplay. This work will allow the further comprehension of the mechanisms behind membrane deformation observed during Alphavirus replication
Sailleau, Corinne. "Typage moléculaire du virus de la peste équine par amplification génique. Etude de la protéine non-structurale NS3 et application au diagnostic sérologique." Paris, EPHE, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPHE3025.
Повний текст джерелаDaeffler, Virginie. "La protéine non-structurale NS2 du parvovirus minute de souris (MVMp) joue un rôle clé dans la production et la libération de virions infectueux." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13128.
Повний текст джерелаThe non-structural NS2 proteins of parvovirus minute virus of mice (MVMp) are able to form a functional nuclear export complex with CRM1 and RanGTP. We characterized the NS2 nuclear export signal (NES), a motif enriched in hydrophobic residues (MTKKFGTLTI) that corresponds to the CRM1 binding site in NS2. Through analysis of two mutant viruses, MVM-NES21 (F86Q/G87R) and MVM-NES22 (L89Q/T90S), we could correlate the nuclear retention of the mutated proteins NS2-NES(-) with the nuclear sequestration of newly assembled capsids in infected cells. The MVM-NES22 mutant is further able to produce infectious progeny particles, which release out of the infected cells is delayed. The MVM-NES21 mutant leads to an abortive infection, indicating that the mutations F86Q/G87R induce new function(s) of the viral NS2 protein. Our study argues for a critical role played by the NS2-CRM1 interaction in the production and release of progeny MVMp viruses from infected cells
Vitour, Damien. "Interaction de la protéine non structurale NSP3 de Rotavirus avec la protéine cellulaire RoXaN." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA114845.
Повний текст джерелаBrottier, Philippe. "Étude fonctionnelle d'une protéine non structurale de rotavirus : la protéine NS53 fixe le zinc et l'ARN." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD402.
Повний текст джерелаGuiramand, Sonia. "Production de la protéine non structurale du parvovirus humain B19 en système procaryote." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P191.
Повний текст джерелаJousselin, Ambre. "Étude structurale et fonctionnelle d'ARN non codants exprimés chez Staphylococcus aureus." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S072.
Повний текст джерелаNon coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are non conventionnal RNAs ususally untranslated. They are involved in regulation of physiological processes such as replication, transcription, translation and for some of them bacterial virulence. They are divided in two groups : (i) those interacting with target(s) mRNA(s), the pairing being assisted, in Escherichia coli (E. Coli) by the RNA chaperone Hfq; (ii) and those exerting direct regulation on protein activities. Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) is an opportunistic Gram positive bacterium responsible of twenty per cent of hospitally acquired infections in France. It is a causative agent of diseases ranging from minor skins infections to life threatening conditions as well as toxin mediated diseases. The expression of virulence in S. Aureus is mediated by an RNA known as RNAIII. In our laboratory, a previous work lead to the identification of seven new ncRNAs expressed by S. Aureus. At first, we showed, through gel shifts and Northern Blot experiments and microarrays, that Hfq has a limited role in ncRNAs mediated regulation in S. Aureus compared to E. Coli. Secondly, we have studied structure and function of one of the new ncRNAs : SprA (Small pathogenicity island RNA). Enzymatic et chemical probing lead to the discovery of two central pseudoknots in solution. SprA is much more structured than expected, suggesting that it belongs to the second class. We also constructed genetic tools to characterize SprA’s functions : (i) a strain overproducing SprA and (ii) a strain where the SprA gene is disrupted. The phenotypical effects induced by the modulation of SprA expression are still in progress
Desaphy, Jérémy. "L'analyse structurale de complexes protéine/ligand et ses applications en chémogénomique." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997394.
Повний текст джерелаAlcon, Sophie. "Sécrétion de la glycoprotéine non-structurale NS1 du virus de la dengue : réalité biologique et conséquences physiologiques sur les hépatocytes." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077131.
Повний текст джерелаFLAMAND, MAKIE. "Analyse des proteines structurale e et non structurale ns1 du virus de l'encephalite japonaise : expression a l'aide de baculovirus recombinants, purification et evaluation de leurs proprietes vaccinales." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077051.
Повний текст джерелаEscoffier, Corinne. "Infection par le virus de la rougeole : adaptation et rôle de la protéine non structurale C." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T284.
Повний текст джерелаBadillo, Aurélie. "Analyses structurales et fonctionnelles de la protéine non-structurale 5A (NS5A) du virus de l’hépatite C." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10239.
Повний текст джерелаNS5A is essential for HCV replication and particle assembly, and constitutes a very promising drug target. However, no clear function has yet been described for NS5A, and structural knowledge remains limited. We characterized the intrinsically disordered nature of NS5A domains D2 and D3, and describe their folding propensity and their overall conformational behaviour by combining different biophysical methods. We also highlighted the structural variability of D2 domain in HCV genotypes, which might be correlated with the disparities observed between genotypes in terms of pathogenesis and efficiency of therapies. The interactions between D2 and D3 with human cyclophilin A (CypA) was analysed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). We showed that mutations in the D2 domain conferring resistance of HCV replication to CypA inhibitors did not prevent the interaction between D2 and CypA. However, they induce structural perturbations that may affect the kinetics of conformers interconversion of D2. We also showed by SPR that D2 and D3 interact with the of DNA-binding domain of the nuclear receptor FXR (farnesoid X receptor alpha). This interaction reduce the binding of FXR to its DNA target, suggesting an involvement of NS5A in the modulation of the transcriptional activity of FXR. All this data led us to propose a model of the overall structure of NS5A, which provides a useful template for a better understanding of structural and functional properties of this enigmatic protein
Libersou, Sonia. "Etude de VP7, protéine structurale impliquée dans la régulation de la transcription et l'entrée du rotavirus." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA114806.
Повний текст джерелаRésumé anglais
Abel, Yoann. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle d’une nouvelle interaction entre les protéines RPAP3 et TRBP." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0285/document.
Повний текст джерелаRecently, several studies have described a possible link between snoRNA and microRNA maturation, two ncRNA families involved in the maturation of other RNAs, such as rRNA, and in the regulation of gene expression, respectively. Indeed, these studies have shown that some microRNAs could be maturated from a snoRNA precursor, forming a new class of ncRNAs, the sdRNAs (snoRNA-derived RNAs). The mechanism of sdRNA maturation are still poorly understood. Therefore, we have performed a two-hybrid screen in the yeast S. cerevisiae between different proteins involved in microRNAs and snoRNAs biogenesis. Interestingly, we observed a novel interaction between TRBP, involved in the maturation of microRNAs, and RPAP3, a member of the hR2TP complex. The observation of this interaction raises several questions, such as its possible involvement in the maturation of microRNAs from snoARN precursors, or on the possible involvement of TRBP or RPAP3 in snoRNP or microRNA biogenesis, respectively. Using various molecular biology and biochemical approaches, we undertook the functional and structural characterization of the TRBP/RPAP3 interaction. First, we confirmed the interaction both in vitro and in vivo and we identified the TRBP and RPAP3 domains involved in the interaction, as well as several interesting mutations in the binding interface. Using these mutants should allow us to study the effects of this mutations on the maturation of differents ncRNAs. Additionally, we showed that the interaction between TRBP and RPAP3 and between TRBP and the RNase Dicer were mutually exclusive. Interestingly, it was shown that in the absence of TRBP, Dicer processig resulted, in some cases, in the generation of microRNAs with different ends, and thus, with altered specificity(iso-miRs). The interaction between TRBP and RPAP3 could therefore also constitute a possible way to regulate the availability of TRBP, and eventually the activity of Dicer
Khayyat, Rasha. "USP7, un partenaire cellulaire de la protéine non-structurale NSP5 du rotavirus et étude de l'entrée du rotavirus par l'utilisation d'inhibiteurs de l'endocytose." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA114817.
Повний текст джерела1. USP7, a cellular partner of the non-structural protein NSP5 of Rotavirus. As the role of NSP5 in viral RNA encapsidation and replication is not well characterized. Finding cellular partners would provide insight of its role. We identified the protein USP7, as cellular partner of NSP5. The interaction domains were mapped. The role of the interaction USP7-NSP5 during rotavirus replication remains to be elucidated. 2. Inhibitions of rotavirus cell entry by inhibitors of endocytosis. The mechanisms by which rotaviruses enter cells are still not fully resolved. We show that the proteasome inhibitors MG132 and Lactacystin block rotavirus infection at an early stage of infection. We performed a rotavirus cell entry kinetics in the presence of the dynamine inhibitor Dynasore that confirmed the dynamin dependence of virus entry. The internalization of rotavirus into cells observed by EM showed the virus enclosed inside vesicles. Hence, our results are in favor of endocytosis of rotavirus
Menetrey, Julie. "Etude structurale des petites protéines G : Rap2A dans un complexe non catalytique avec le GTP et Arf6 en complexe avec du GDP." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004186.
Повний текст джерелаBragantini, Benoît. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine Bcd1, impliquée dans la biogenèse des snoRNP à boîtes C/D chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0295/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe protein Bcd1 is a nuclear factor essential for the cellular viability of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is described as required to ensure box C/D snoRNA stability. These small non-coding RNAs associate with an invariable set of 4 proteins to form the box C/D snoRNPs that are crucial players in ribosome biogenesis. Indeed, some of these particles participate in mechanisms for the maturation of the ribosomal RNA precursor (prerRNA) and the vast majority of the other particles are catalysts of 2’-O-methylation of riboses. Bcd1p is not present in mature particles, but is one of the assembly factors in addition to the Rsa1p:Hit1p and R2TP (Rvb1p:Rvb2p:Tah1p:Pih1p) sub-complexes. Our analysis of the different Bcd1p fragments has firstly shown that the essential function of Bcd1p relies on its N-terminal region (residues 1 to 96). It comprises a double zinc finger domain from the zf-HIT family, also present in another box C/D snoRNP assembly factor, the protein Hit1. We solved the 3D solution structure of these two zinc fingers and showed that these are modules for the interaction of Bcd1p with the Rvb1/2 proteins. Secondly, we identified the C-terminal region (residues 120 to 303) of Bcd1p as being sufficient to interact with the histone chaperone Rtt106p. The 3D solution structure of this domain of Bcd1p was determined by NMR. Different approaches of hydrogen/deuterium kinetic exchange and cross-link experiments followed by mass spectrometry analysis, NMR titration, and SAXS allowed us to obtain information about the interaction surfaces on each of the two proteins. A fragment defined from NMR data on the free Bcd1p allowed us to obtain crystals of the Bcd1p:Rtt106p complex, opening the perspective to solve its 3D structure by X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, functional studies started in order to determine the importance of this complex formation in box C/D snoRNP biogenesis and the impact of Bcd1p on the interaction of Rtt106p with nucleosomes
Matkovic, Roy. "Caractérisation de l'implication de l'hélicase DHX9 (RHA) dans le cycle de multiplication du virus Chikungunya." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT007.
Повний текст джерелаViruses are obligate intracellular parasites recruiting cellular cofactors to divert different biological processes enabling them to replicate their genome and to form other viral particles. If cellular cofactors of Semliki Forest virus replication have recently been identified, very few studies have revealed the replication partners of the very close Alphavirus Chikungunya (CHIKV). During this study, We have discovered recruitments of several DExD/H Box Helicases at the CHIKV replication sites. Among them, DHX9 or RNA Helicase A (RHA) through its RNA binding properties and in modulating RNA secondary structures or Ribonucleoproteins complexes, is involved in various functions from transcription, translation, replication of genomes and up to production of infectious particles of many viruses. In the case of Chikungunya virus, we have characterized a proviral function in the translation of non-structural proteins and an antiviral function in the genome replication. These opposite functions are manipulated by CHIKV to ensure production nonstructural proteins, components of the CHIKV replication complex while maintaining its replication. These works reveal a new translation regulation mechanism of CHIKV genomic RNA and bring some knowledge on the passage from the translation stage to the replication step of CHIKV genome
Rothé, Benjamin. "Étude des processus de biogenèse des petites particules ribonucléoprotéiques nucléolaires à boîtes C/D (snoRNP C/D) chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae : caractérisation fonctionnelle et structurale d'une machinerie dédiée à l'assemblage de ces RNP." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0013/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe L7Ae family proteins are essential components of many RNPs. In vertebrates, C/D and H/ACA snoRNPs are involved in ribosome biogenesis, the U4 snRNP in pre-mRNA splicing, the telomerase complex in telomeres replication, and mRNP SECIS in selenoproteins translation. Like most eukaryotic RNPs, assembly in functional entities is not an autonomous process and requires the intervention of specialized factors. Basing our study on the assembly of C/D snoRNP in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and using approaches of molecular biology, biochemistry and genetics, we undertook to decipher these mechanisms. Our work has helped to identify a set of proteins, acting in a coordinated manner within a machinery conserved between yeast and human. This machinery consists of two major subunits: (i) Rsa1p/NUFIP, a platform protein that interacts with some proteins of the L7Ae family and facilitates the RNPs assembly, (ii) the R2TP complex (Rvb1p/TIP49, Rvb2p/TIP48, Pih1p/PIH1, Tah1p/SPAGH), which could induce conformational remodeling necessary for the formation of mature RNPs. In addition to these key players, other factors appeared closely linked to this mechanism. The Hit1p/TRIP3 protein interacts with Rsa1p/NUFIP and is required to ensure its stability in yeast. HSP90 chaperone, whose role is predominant in human, operates on some components of the RNPs. Finally, the Bcd1p/BCD1 protein is associated specifically with this machinery during C/D snoRNPs assembly
Yoboua, Fabrice Aman. "L’étude de l’impact des protéines non structurales NS1 et NS2 du virus respiratoire syncitial sur la réponse immunitaire innée." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9672.
Повний текст джерелаRespiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a RNA virus with negative polarity. RSV infections are the most common cause of hospitalization among infants. Among populations at risk, infection of RSV can be quite severe. RSV infections can cause bronchiolitis, pneumonia, while severe infections are linked to the development of asthma. Early in the infectious cycle of RSV, the cytosolic sensor RIG-I captures viral particles, and activates the immune response by engaging the transcription factors IRF-3 and NF-κB. At the heart of RSV mediated pathologies is a skewed immune response. More precisely, RSV over stimulates the release of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines. Intriguingly, while RSV is able to stimulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, RSV under stimulates the antiviral response. The ability of RSV to evade the antiviral response is thought to be mediated by its non-structural proteins: NS1 and NS2. However, the mechanism by which NS1 and NS2 enable RSV to evade the antiviral response remains to be determined. In this memoir we investigated, how RSV is recognized by the innate immune response in airway epithelial cells. With this information we hope to improve our understanding of how NS1 and NS2 allow RSV to circumvent the antiviral response. We show for the first time that cytosolic sensor MDA5 plays a role in the recognition of RSV particles. Using a combination of interfering RNA directed against RIG-I, and transfection of MDA5, we show that MDA5 does not contribute to the phosphorylation of IRF-3. According to the data presented, we suggest that MDA5’s role in the immune response is to prevent the degradation of IRF-3. Contrary to previous research, we show that the inhibition of the nonstructural protein does not increase the production of the antiviral cytokine IFN-β. However, the ectopic expression of NS1 and NS2 does lead to a reduction of the promoter activity of IFN-β and the antiviral protein ISG56 when measured by luciferase assay. This research highlights the importance of MDA5 as a potential therapeutic target in the development of a cure for RSV.