Дисертації з теми "Protection of labour rights"
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1
Louw, Danielle. "Investigating South Africa's protection of refugee womxn: Refugee womxn's access to housing, inclusion into the labour market and protection from gender-based violence." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32774.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper investigates the integration experience of refugee womxn in South Africa. It focuses on the areas of access to housing, employment and protection from gender-based violence. Through a human rights approach, influenced by intersectional feminist theory, it analyses the international normative and South African domestic framework and discusses its gaps and challenges. Thereafter, an overview of the experience of refugee womxn's access to housing, employment and protection from gender-based violence internationally and in South Africa is presented. Lastly, recommendations are made to the South African state suggesting reform in law, policy and practice.
2
Prinsloo, Monique Francis. "Protection of pregnant employees in the South African workplace : a labour law perspective." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5147.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Magister Legum - LLMThe Constitution of South Africa lists pregnancy as a prohibited ground for discrimination. The South African labour law regime likewise makes provision for the protection of women and pregnant employees in the workplace. This protection is against less favourable treatment, through measures that prohibits dismissal and discrimination based on pregnancy. In defiance of these laws, the recent trend indicates that the less favourable treatment of women and pregnant employees in the South African workplace environment has become more prevalent and this has become a contentious issue. Thus, this study will firstly, in view of relevant constitutional guarantees, focus on labour legalisation (and where relevant, related legislation outside the labour law arena) that has been enacted to provide for the protection of pregnant women in the workplace. Secondly, this study will demonstrate that despite these provisions that affords for formal protection of pregnant women in the workplace, practically many pregnant women continue to be treated unjustly because of their pregnancies or reasons related thereto. It is therefore clear that there is a setback with regard to the practical implementation of the laws protecting pregnant employees. Finally, this study will clearly highlight that measures need to be established where the law protects pregnant employees in the workplace, so that these laws serve its purpose and that they are implemented in the correct manner that it is intended to serve. This will be done through tabling recommendations concerning how labour law should be implemented so that the employment rights of women and pregnant employees are comprehensively protected.
3
Gondiwe, Sokolani Bongororo John. "The legal protection of people with disabilities in South African Labour Law." Thesis, University of Limopopo (Turfloop Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/511.
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4
Bodson, Thibaud [Verfasser]. "Economic Globalisation and States’ Regulatory Space : The Protection of Labour Rights in EU Free Trade Agreements / Thibaud Bodson." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1226154565/34.
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5
Lemire, Louis. "Protection of trade union freedom of association under the International Labour Organisation and under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6018.
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6
Craig, John D. R. "Legal principles for the protection of the right of privacy in the workplace." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286833.
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7
Cholewinski, Ryszard. "Migrant workers in international human rights law : their protection in countries of employment /." Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1997. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/279985177.pdf.
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8
King, William Jude. "The implications of canon 1286 for the canonical protection of employee rights in Pennsylvania." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1989. http://www.tren.com.
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9
Almutairi, Abdullah Moied S. "Protecting the rights of temporary foreign 'low-skilled' workers in the Saudi construction industry : a case for legal reform." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14845.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is a socio-legal study of the employment conditions of temporary foreign workers (TFWs) in the Saudi Arabian labour market in general and the construction sector in particular, with emphasis on low-skilled TFWs. This thesis adopts a socio-legal approach to the human rights situation of low-skilled TFWs working in the Saudi construction sector. By using migration theories, a human rights-based approach and Islamic perspectives on labour rights, the study questions the efficacy of Saudi domestic law in providing protection to low-skilled foreign workers in the construction sector. This is done by examining the current labour admission policies and the structure of the regulatory framework, including the ‘kafala’ system, recruitment procedures, employment law, working conditions, occupational safety and health hazards and access to the justice system. Grounded theory methodology is followed, with empirical data collection using semi-structured interviewing techniques in two major Saudi cities, Riyadh and Makkah. The data collected from the fieldwork provides the basis for understanding the current situation of low-skilled TFWs, by listening to their experiences. The thesis finds a link between the legal status of temporary foreign workers and the work visa system, which leads to a continuation of exploitation, mistreatment, discrimination, forced labour and the servitude of foreign labour in Saudi Arabia.
10
Gómez-Lugo, Fanny. "The protection of fundamental rights at work : a study of Venezuela and the Andean Community." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99138.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The adoption of a new constitution, the changes in legislation, and the well-known shift in policies and State practices introduced by the Chavez administration, are some of the factors that persuaded me to examine not only the legal protection but the actual exercise of internationally recognized core labour standards in Venezuela, notably freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining, the elimination of forced labour, the abolition of child labour and the elimination of discrimination at work.Given the structure and nature of the ILO, its mechanisms of enforcement are limited. Despite the successful ILO objective of promoting compliance with workers' rights, certain Member States like the Government of Venezuela, continue to violate labour rights. This situation requires the search for alternatives.
The idea that inspired this paper was an attempt to look for alternatives in regionalism. The hypothesis is that a sub-regional approach through the Andean Community, comprising Andean countries, offers a more effective means to protect labour rights in Venezuela than an international approach through the ILO. However, the solution points more to a joint international-regional approach to better ensure workers' rights in Venezuela and the Andean region.
11
Gillespie, Neil. "The legal protection of temporary employees." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019793.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper is divided into two distinct sections. The first being an analysis of the legal protection of temporary employees as things currently stand. It deals with the various labour laws that currently regulate temporary employment as well as the temporary employment contract and the common-law. The second section summarises and analyses the provisions of the Labour Relations Amendment Bill and the Basic Conditions of Employment Bill as they apply to fixed-term employees. Temporary employees are protected by the general protection extended to all employees in terms of section 23(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, guaranteeing all employees the “right to fair labour practice”. The Labour Relations Act has as one of its main objectives to give effect to and regulate the fundamental rights contained in the Constitution. Thus the Labour Relations Act must not only give effect to constitutional rights but it must also ensure that it in no way unreasonably or unjustly denies or limits constitutional rights. Temporary employees have a number of labour laws protecting their interests. Where the provisions of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act, a Bargaining Council Agreement or a Sectoral Determination do not apply the employee will rely on the terms of the fixed-term employment contract and thereafter the common law for protection. The only protection offered to temporary employees contained in the Labour Relations Act is in section 186(1)(b), where a dismissal is defined to include the non-renewal of temporary contracts of employment where there is a reasonable expectation of renewal on the same or similar terms. This provision has proved to be highly controversial in that it does not expressly cater for temporary employees who harbour reasonable expectations of indefinite employment. An analysis is made of the most important cases relating to section 186(1)(b). The second section unpacks and critically analyses the Labour Relations Amendment Bill and the Basic Conditions of Employment Bill which have been long in the offing and when they are finally enacted, will bring with them sweeping changes for atypical employment . The amendments will drastically change the way employers make use of fixed-term employees as well as the way in which Temporary Employment Services may conduct business if they are in fact able to keep working at all. There is very little literature of substance written about the Labour Relations Amendment Bill as it applies to atypical employment. The fact that the proposed amendments have changed so many times over such a long period of time might have deterred many writers from investing time and effort in attempts to analyse and summarise the amendments. Articles posted on the internet are in the main short and have very little content. No books were found with any discussion that pertains to the amendments. The amendments divide employees involved in atypical employment into two different categories. These categories consist of employees earning above the threshold in terms of section 6(3) of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act and those earning below this threshold. All fixed-term employees may rely on the provisions of section 186 of the Labour Relations Act. Employees earning below the threshold are considered to be the most vulnerable and have been afforded additional protections in terms of sections 198(A), (B) and (C). Issues surrounding Temporary Employment Services and fixed-term employees have been very divisive and have been the topics of heated debate at all levels of Industrial Relations for a long time. Discussions regarding the use of the services of Temporary Employment Services can be highly emotive, with Temporary Employment Services being accused of committing wideThis paper is divided into two distinct sections. The first being an analysis of the legal protection of temporary employees as things currently stand. It deals with the various labour laws that currently regulate temporary employment as well as the temporary employment contract and the common-law. The second section summarises and analyses the provisions of the Labour Relations Amendment Bill and the Basic Conditions of Employment Bill as they apply to fixed-term employees. Temporary employees are protected by the general protection extended to all employees in terms of section 23(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, guaranteeing all employees the “right to fair labour practice”. The Labour Relations Act has as one of its main objectives to give effect to and regulate the fundamental rights contained in the Constitution. Thus the Labour Relations Act must not only give effect to constitutional rights but it must also ensure that it in no way unreasonably or unjustly denies or limits constitutional rights. Temporary employees have a number of labour laws protecting their interests. Where the provisions of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act, a Bargaining Council Agreement or a Sectoral Determination do not apply the employee will rely on the terms of the fixed-term employment contract and thereafter the common law for protection. The only protection offered to temporary employees contained in the Labour Relations Act is in section 186(1)(b), where a dismissal is defined to include the non-renewal of temporary contracts of employment where there is a reasonable expectation of renewal on the same or similar terms. This provision has proved to be highly controversial in that it does not expressly cater for temporary employees who harbour reasonable expectations of indefinite employment. An analysis is made of the most important cases relating to section 186(1)(b). The second section unpacks and critically analyses the Labour Relations Amendment Bill and the Basic Conditions of Employment Bill which have been long in the offing and when they are finally enacted, will bring with them sweeping changes for atypical employment . The amendments will drastically change the way employers make use of fixed-term employees as well as the way in which Temporary Employment Services may conduct business if they are in fact able to keep working at all. There is very little literature of substance written about the Labour Relations Amendment Bill as it applies to atypical employment. The fact that the proposed amendments have changed so many times over such a long period of time might have deterred many writers from investing time and effort in attempts to analyse and summarise the amendments. Articles posted on the internet are in the main short and have very little content. No books were found with any discussion that pertains to the amendments. The amendments divide employees involved in atypical employment into two different categories. These categories consist of employees earning above the threshold in terms of section 6(3) of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act and those earning below this threshold. All fixed-term employees may rely on the provisions of section 186 of the Labour Relations Act. Employees earning below the threshold are considered to be the most vulnerable and have been afforded additional protections in terms of sections 198(A), (B) and (C).
12
Novitz, Tonia. "International protection of the right to strike : a comparative study of standards set by the International Labour Organisation and the Council of Europe." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244233.
Повний текст джерела
13
Zou, Chen. "Guarding the territory of labor rights protection : a "socialized" approach by the Yiwu Federations of Trade Unions." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1384.
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14
Salazar, Salame Héctor. "Worker rights protection in Mexico's Silicon Valley : confronting low-road labor practices in high-tech manufacturing through antagonistic collaboration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69456.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-109).
Front and center against a backdrop of globalization and the ensuing outsourcing of manufacturing activities to low-income countries, has been a growing interest from scholars regarding the protection of labor rights and the means for improving labor conditions in the developing world. In the past half-decade, scholars have paid greater attention to these issues in the electronics manufacturing industry, particularly in response to recent publications highlighting its onerous working conditions around the globe. Yet, research regarding how specific actors contribute to improving working conditions in this sector remains largely absent. This thesis contributes to these scholarly discussions by analyzing the work of a local NGO, the Centro de Refleccidn y Accidn Laboral (CEREAL-GDL), which has been working to improve working conditions in the electronics manufacturing cluster known as Mexico's Silicon Valley located in Guadalajara for over a decade. Specifically, this thesis analyzes how the organization has evolved its activities over time and the local and international relationships it has developed to protect worker labor rights and promote working condition improvements in this sector. This thesis argues that the organization does not fold neatly into the molds within which scholars typically place and analyze the efforts of developing-country labor rights NGOs. These molds include participation in transnational advocacy and the monitoring of private codes of conduct (COC). While notably CEREAL-GDL was an indirect, yet central, actor in the birth of transnational advocacy related to the global electronics industry, which consequently led to global electronics industry firms establishing the first industry-wide COC, its efforts are not limited to participating in transnational advocacy or related to direct monitoring of firm adherence to the COC. Moreover, in addition to confrontational strategies such as organizing workers, CEREAL-GDL participates in an institutionalized direct dialogue and labor violations remediation process developed through antagonistic collaboration with electronics firms in Guadalajara. Ultimately, by analyzing the organization's activities and the interrelated web of actors and the context in which it operates, this thesis explores how and why there have been some working condition improvements, and whether the forged relationships among actors in Mexico's Silicon Valley may lead to future improvements, and, if so, how.
by Héctor Salazar Salame.
M.C.P.
15
Gondwe, Mimmy. "The Protection of Privacy in the Workplace: A Comparative Study." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17849.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (LLD )--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The importance of privacy lies in the fact that it represents the very idea of human dignity or the preservation of the ‘inner sanctum’. Not surprisingly, however, operational concerns of employers and technological developments combine continuously to challenge the preservation of privacy in the workplace. Employees the world over are exposed to numerous privacy invasive measures, including drug testing, psychological testing, polygraph testing, genetic testing, psychological testing, electronic monitoring and background checks. Hence, the issue at the heart of this dissertation is to determine to what extent privacy is protected in the South African workplace given advancements in technology and the implications (if any) for the right to privacy as such. A secondary aim of the dissertation is to attempt to provide a realistic balance between the privacy concerns of employees and the operational needs of employers in this technological age. As such the main focus of dissertation falls within the sphere of employment law. In order to provide an answer to the research issue discussed above, the dissertation addresses five ancillary or interrelated issues. First, the broad historical development of the legal protection of privacy is traced and examined. Second, a workable definition of privacy is identified with reference to academic debate and comparative legislative and judicial developments. Third, those policies and practices, which would typically threaten privacy in the employment sphere are identified and briefly discussed. Fourth, a detailed evaluation of the tension between privacy and a number of selected policies and practices in selected countries is provided. More specifically, the dissertation considers how these policies and practices challenge privacy, the rationale for their existence and, if applicable, how these policies and practices – if necessary through appropriate regulation – may be accommodated while simultaneously accommodating both privacy and the legitimate concerns of employers. The selection of these practices and policies is guided by two considerations. At the first level the emphasis is on those challenges to privacy, which can be traced back to technological developments and which, as such, foster new and unique demands to the accommodation of privacy in the workplace. The secondary emphasis is on those policies, which are representative of the fundamental challenges created by new technologies to privacy. To effectively address the above issues the dissertation uses the traditional legal methodology associated with comparative legal research, which includes a literature review of applicable law and legal frame work and a review of relevant case law and a comparative study of selected foreign jurisdictions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geen opsomming
Fulbright Foundation
Stellenbosch University
Mellon Foundation
NFR
16
Бойко, В. Б. "Теоретичні підходи до визначення форм захисту трудових прав громадян". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36741.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Під формою захисту трудових прав працівників слід розуміти передбачену дію (акт) припинення порушення норм трудового права, відновлення порушеного трудового права, створення умов для належної реалізації цього права, що відбувається у визначеному порядку і відповідає встановленим процесуальним вимогам та реалізується через відповідну діяльність уповноважених на те суб’єктів по застосуванню правових засобів захисту.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36741
17
Гончарова, Г. С. "Охорона трудових прав літніх працівників". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36725.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Кожне підприємство, установа, організація повинні розробити власну стратегію щодо використання праці літніх працівників з тим, щоб убезпечити себе у майбутньому від дефіциту кваліфікованих кадрів.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36725
18
Кисельова, Олена Іванівна, Елена Ивановна Киселева та Olena Ivanivna Kyselova. "Актуальні питання захисту прав працівників при поновленні на роботу". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36747.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
В сучасних умовах економічної кризи дедалі більше роботодавців змушені відмовлятися від праці найманих працівників. У зв’язку з чим на підприємствах, установах, організаціях збільшується кількість випадків скорочення чисельності (штату) працівників, здійснюється переведення на нижче оплачувані посади тощо. За таких умов часто порушуються трудові права та законні інтереси працівників, недотримуються гарантії забезпечення таких прав та інтересів. Тому питання захисту трудових прав працівників набуває своєї актуальності. Одним із найпоширеніших різновидів заходів захисту в трудовому праві є поновлення на роботі незаконно звільнених або переведених працівників.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36747
19
Molapo, Tšoarelo. "A comparative analysis of the protection of women's labour rights in the apparel industries of the Southern African Customs Union member states of South Africa and Lesotho, under the African Growth and Opportunity Act." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9164.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Includes bibliographical references.The introduction of the African Growth and Opportunity Act agreements between the Government of the United States of America and eligible Sub-Saharan countries has helped to highlight the shortcomings of labour laws in certain African states. These shortcomings are particularly evident in the textiles and clothing industries of these developing African countries. Provisions were created by the act for eligible African countries to export products duty free to American markets. One of the products exported by Africa states are textiles. This research aims to examine the shortcomings and benefits of labour laws of South Africa and Lesotho, two countries who have been granted access for their textile exports into the United States of America. An examination will also be done of the labour laws in China and Taiwan as predominant investors and owners in the apparel industries of South Africa and Lesotho where labour disputes have arisen between the Asian factory owners and local staff. The research indicates that irrespective of geographic location, garment workers’ labour rights are neglected the world over, (especially those of women) and that multinational corporations deliberately seek to subcontract garments from those countries with less labour regulation in order to source products cheaply.
20
Carlson, Melanie A. "The Corporate Exploitation of Fundamental Rights: A Nation of Arbitration." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1507.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is an in-depth discussion and analysis of the alternative dispute resolution process of arbitration in the United States. It begins by providing a basic explanatory overview of arbitration clauses and the arbitration process. It then goes on to highlight the various benefits over traditional court litigation that arbitration has to offer. From there, the paper presents a detailed discussion of the many shortcomings of the arbitration process. It identifies the overall lack of procedural fairness that exists in arbitration today due to the fact that arbitration currently tends to favor businesses over consumers and workers during dispute settlements. The paper then identifies the various negative potential consequences that exist as a result of the unfair nature of arbitration today. This thesis concludes by presenting various ways that the arbitration process can be improved upon to make for a fairer, more neutral dispute resolution alternative.
21
Zarli, Meiffret Delsanto Kristel. "La fraude en droit de la protection sociale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1035.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le déficit des finances sociales a légitimé le développement d’un arsenal de lutte contre la fraude. La répression pénale traditionnelle, hétérogène et peu mobilisée, s’articule désormais avec une nouvelle répression administrative. Leur complémentarité offre une réponse proportionnée à la gravité des manquements constatés, sans sacrifice des droits des usagers grâce à l’emprise des principes du droit punitif. Les moyens de détection des organismes sont également adaptés pour appréhender la diversité des situations frauduleuses. Les organismes de recouvrement comme les organismes prestataires sont impliqués. Progressivement, les prérogatives générales de contrôle des acteurs convergent et sont renforcées, parfois au détriment des garanties des usagers. À ce titre, le droit du contrôle URSSAF devrait servir de modèle. Les croisements d’informations sont multipliés pour permettre une détection des fraudes et emporter, plus largement, une modernisation du fonctionnement des organismes conciliable avec les droits des usagers. Ce droit de la lutte contre la fraude est avant tout commandé par un souci de protection des finances sociales. Pour autant, la protection des ressources et les droits usagers pourraient, sous la vigilance des juges, ne plus être opposés, au prix de quelques évolutions. En particulier, une définition unitaire de la fraude sociale paraît nécessaire puisque la sécurité juridique des usagers et la cohérence du dispositif en dépendentThe profound deficit of social finance has legitimised the development of an arsenal against fraud. Traditional penal sanctions, which are partially harnessed, now interact with administrative sanctions. Their complementarity offers a proportionate response. This diversification of enforcement policy does not however bring into question the rights of users due to the influence of the principles of punitive law. The social security bodies’ means of detection are also suited to handling the variety of fraudulent situations. Debt recovery agencies as well as social security bodies providing services are involved. The provider bodies now assume their part in the monitoring of the issuing of benefits. Controls are indeed no longer just for debt recovery agencies. Gradually, the general prerogatives of controls have converged and have been reinforced, sometimes to the detriment of the guarantees of users .The legislative tools in favor of cross-referencing information have multipled to increase the means of detection. If in particular they pose legal bases that are useful in detecting network frauds, they also entail, on a wider scale, a modernisation of the functioning of the organisations that is compatible with the rights of users. Ultimately, at the cost of a few developments, ressource protection and user rights may, under the supervision of judges, no longer be opposed. In the meantime, they are reconcilable, if not completely reconciled. In particular, a single definition is necessary since the legal security of users and consistency of the mechanism depends upon it
22
Dakoury, Kouka Joseph. "La protection de l'emploi en Côte d'Ivoire." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0421.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
S’interroger sur la protection de l’emploi en Côte d’Ivoire renvoie, du point de vue juridique, à l’analyse des mécanismes garantissant l’emploi ou permettant d’éviter ou de limiter, au moins pour un temps, la rupture de la relation d’emploi, y compris en assurant le bénéfice d’une protection sociale en cas de réalisation de certains risques sociaux. Il s’agit donc de saisir l’état et les variations d’intensité du droit de l’emploi des travailleurs relevant tant du droit de la Fonction publique que du droit du travail salarié, en tentant de mettre en exergue les tendances et enjeux contemporains. L’emploi public est organisé par le Statut général de la Fonction publique et les statuts autonomes. La titularisation dans le grade donne droit à une carrière jusqu’à la retraite. Ainsi, les agents publics titulaires peuvent s’engager au service de l’État en toute sécurité. Par contre, les non titulaires jouissent d’une sécurité relative. Quant à l’emploi privé, il est organisé par le droit du travail encadrant la conclusion, le déroulement et les hypothèses de fin des relations de travail subordonné, à durée déterminée ou indéterminée. Les clés de voûte de la protection de l’emploi sont incontestablement, dans la Fonction publique, la titularisation dans le grade, et dans l’emploi privé ou contractualisé, l’obligation de justification de la rupture. Ceci vaut pour l’emploi public et l’emploi privé « formalisé ». Toutefois, en Côte d’Ivoire comme dans tous les pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest, l’immense majorité des personnes employées le sont de façon « informelle ». Cet « emploi informel » ou cet « emploi sans droit » témoigne de l’état d’ineffectivité du droit du travail. Son développement est lié historiquement aux plans d’ajustements structurels, à la libéralisation économique et aux crises socio-politiques. Il est synonyme d’entretien de la vulnérabilité et de la précarité. La transition d’une économique majoritairement informelle à une économie majoritairement formelle est un enjeu central pour voir progresser la protection de l’emploi et se développer la Côte d’Ivoire. Pour ce faire, le recours au concept de « travail décent », proposé par l’OIT, paraît d’un apport limité. Il semble en revanche pertinent de réfléchir à l’élaboration d’un droit du travail plus adapté aux réalités socio-culturelles et économiques de la Côte d’Ivoire, de ce fait plus effectif, et sans doute plus efficace pour l’attraction de « l’emploi sans droit » dans le champ du droit de l’emploiQuestioning the protection of employment in the Ivory-Coast amounts, from a juridical point of view, to the analysis of the diverse mechanisms that guarantee employment or that help avoid or reduce, at least for a period of time, termination of the employment relationship. This also includes the benefit of social protection guarantees in the event of the occurrence of certain social risks. The idea is therefore to capture the state and variations in the intensity of the law of employment from which workers may benefit both as civil servants and employees from the private sector. This will allow shedding light on the contemporary implications and tendencies of such an evolution. Civil service is organized through the General Status of Civil Service and Autonomous Statuses. Tenure opens to the right to a career until retirement occurs. This means that Civil Servants can serve the State with a sense of security. In contrast, non-tenured civil servants only enjoy partial security. As for private employment, it is organized by private labor law that structures the signature, the course and the cases of termination of subordinate labor relationships both fixed-term and open-ended. The cornerstone of employment protection is, without contest, tenure in the law of Civil service, and the duty to justify termination in private or contractual labor settings. This is true for formal work settings. That being said, in the Ivory Coast, as is true in most Western African countries, the vast majority of employed persons work within “informal” settings. This “informal work” or “work without rights” shows just how ineffective labor law can be. Its development is historically linked to the structural adjustment plans, economic liberalization and to the socio-economic crises. It is synonymous with vulnerability and precariousness. Transitioning from a mainly informal economy to a mainly formal economy is a critical issue in order to allow protecting employment and help the Ivory Coast on the road to development. In this perspective, the notion of “decent work” put forward by the ILO seems of questionable support. In contrast, it appears more promising to contemplate a labor law system that is better adapted to the socio-cultural and economic realities of the Ivory Coast making it therefore more effective and efficacious in the process of integrating the many forms of “work without rights” in the field of employment law
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Бабенко, Е. В., та E. V. Babenko. "Доктрина захисту трудових прав працівників при припиненні трудових правовідносин". Thesis, КНУ ім. Т. Г. Шевченка, 2019. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/10363.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора юридичних наук за спеціальністю 12.00.05 – трудове право; право соціального забезпечення – Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка. – Київ, 2019. The dissertation for the scientific degree of the Doctor of Law in specialty 12.00.05 – labor law; social security law – Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. – Kyiv, 2019.Дисертація присвячена формулюванню основних доктринальних засад захисту трудових прав працівників при припиненні трудових правовідносин. У роботі запропоновано розрізняти між собою індивідуальне та колективне припинення трудових правовідносин, враховуючи при цьому, що рівень і система гарантій для захисту визначаються концепцією «чистої» та «обтяженої» волі на припинення трудових правовідносин, наявною у їхніх сторін. Визначено підстави, умови, особливості індивідуального та колективного припинення вказаних відносин. Окрему увагу приділено захисту трудових прав працівників при припиненні трудових правовідносин на підставі процедур банкрутства. Проаналізовано та порівняно досвід України й окремих країн ЄС щодо правового регулювання та судової практики означеного захисту на підставі вказаних процедур. Сформульовано основні доктринальні положення щодо поняття, ознак захисту трудових прав працівників при припиненні трудових правовідносин, встановлено принципи, відповідно до яких має відбуватись такий захист, виокремлено захисні процедури, систематизовано та узагальнено проблеми, що існують в означеному сегменті, й запропоновано шляхи їх вирішення. The thesis focuses on formulating the basic doctrinal principals for protecting employees’ labour rights in termination labour legal relationship. The study proposes to distinguish between individual and collective termination of labor legal relationship, while the level and system of guarantees for protection are determined by the concept of “pure” and “burdened” will for terminating labor legal relationship by their parties. The grounds, conditions, features of individual and collective termination of the mentioned relations are determined. Particular attention is paid to protecting the employees’ labor rights in case of labor legal relationship termination on the basis of bankruptcy proceedings. The experience of Ukraine and individual EU countries regarding the legal regulation and judicial practice of this protection based on the pointed procedures is analyzed and compared. The basic doctrinal provisions regarding the notion, signs of protecting the labor rights of employees upon labor legal relationship termination have been formulated, the principles are established according to which such protection should take place, the protective procedures are highlighted, the problems, existing in the segment under review, are systematized and generalized, and the ways to resolve them are proposed.
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Lampron, Louis-Philippe. "L’existence d’une hiérarchie juridique favorisant la protection des convictions religieuses au sein des droits fondamentaux canadiens." Thesis, Avignon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AVIG2029/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Depuis l’arrêt Dagenais c. Radio-Canada, rendu en 1994, la Cour suprême du Canada n’a jamais remis en cause le principe selon lequel il ne doit exister aucune hiérarchie juridique entre les droits et libertés protégés par les chartes canadienne et québécoise. Or, une revue attentive de la jurisprudence canadienne en matière de protection des convictions religieuses nous a permis d’identifier une certaine réticence sinon un « certain malaise » des institutions judiciaires lorsqu’elles doivent déterminer des limites claires au-delà desquelles les revendications fondées sur les convictions religieuses ne peuvent plus bénéficier d’une protection constitutionnelle ou quasi-constitutionnelle. Cette « réticence judiciaire » étant toute particulière aux dispositions protégeant les convictions religieuses au Canada, il nous a semblé plausible que ses impacts juridiques soient symptomatiques de l’établissement implicite – mais bien réel – d’une hiérarchie juridique matérielle (ou systémique) entre les différents droits fondamentaux protégés par les chartes canadienne et québécoise. En nous fondant sur un cadre d’analyse théorique inspiré par les travaux du professeur Rik Torfs, de l’Université catholique de Louvain en Belgique, et au moyen d’une étude focalisée sur le contexte des relations de travail, nous entendons démontrer que l’état actuel du droit canadien et québécois concernant les revendications fondées sur les différentes croyances et coutumes religieuses témoigne de l’application d’un modèle hiérarchique (le « modèle de confiance ») qui assigne aux dispositions concernant la protection des convictions religieuses individuelles une place parmi les plus élevées de cette même hiérarchie. Nous espérons ainsi contribuer de manière significative à la théorie du droit par l’atteinte de trois objectifs principaux : (1) Établir et mettre en œuvre une méthode permettant d’identifier une hiérarchie matérielle entre deux ensembles de droits fondamentaux ; (2) Mettre à jour l’étroite relation susceptible d’exister entre les différents modèles nationaux de gestion du pluralisme religieux et le concept de hiérarchie matérielle entre droits fondamentaux ; et (3) Établir l’existence d’une hiérarchie matérielle entre droits fondamentaux de nature constitutionnelle au Canada, par l’entremise de la démonstration du déséquilibre hiérarchique favorisant les dispositions protégeant les convictions religieuses au sein du plus large ensemble des droits et libertés de nature constitutionnelle au CanadaSince Dagenais c. Radio-Canada, rendered in 1994, the Supreme Court of Canada has never questioned the principle of “no legal hierarchy between the different Human Rights protected by the Canadian and Quebec charters. However, a careful review of Canadian jurisprudence on the protection of religious beliefs permits to detect a certain reluctance if not a "discomfort" of judicial institutions when they must identify clear boundaries beyond which the claims based on religious beliefs can not be constitutionnaly (or quasi-constitutionnaly) protected. This "judicial reluctance" being particular to provisions protecting religious convictions in Canada, it seemed possible to us that its impacts may be symptomatic of the implicit - but real - establishment a legal hierarchy between the various Human Rights protected by the Canadian and Quebec charters. Based on a theoretical framework inspired by the work of Rik Torfs, Professor in the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium, and through a study focused on the context of labor relations, we intend to demonstrate that the current state of Canadian and Quebec law on claims based on different religious beliefs and customs underlies the application of a hierarchical model (the "trust model") which assigns to the provisions protecting individual religious beliefs a place among the highest in the same hierarchy. In doing so, we hope to contribute significantly to the theory of law by achieving three main objectives : (1) To establish and implement a method permitting to identify a material hierarchy between two sets of fundamental rights, (2) To expose the close relationship that may exist between the different national models of management of religious pluralism and the concept of material hierarchy among human rights, and (3) To establish the existence of a material hierarchy between constitutional Human rights in Canada through the demonstration of hierarchical imbalance favoring the provisions protecting religious beliefs within the broader set of constitutionnal Human Rights in Canada
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Hackradt, Hermann de Araujo. "A garantia fundamental do direito ao trabalho e sua relação com a proteção jurídica contra a dispensa imotivada: caminhos para a ordem jurídica laboral." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-12122014-134748/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O direito ao trabalho e a proteção jurídica contra a dispensa imotivada constituem categoria de interesse nos mais diversificados estudos que integram a ciência jurídica laboral e o direito constitucional contemporâneo, e vem sendo abordado com objetivos de compreensão e identificação de caminhos que possibilitem sua existência com eficiência e eficácia. Constituindo interesse jurídico de expressão social, estes dois institutos são tratados nesta tese de forma interdependente e conexa, e se aliam ao conjunto jurídico disponível no ordenamento brasileiro para novos comportamentos e redefinição de conceitos essenciais ao Direito e ao Direito do Trabalho. Esta tese propõe um aprofundamento sobre a temática de proteção e valoração do trabalho, e do direito a trabalhar, com enfoque sobre a busca de uma efetividade para o artigo 7º, I, da Constituição Federal, que ao longo de mais de duas décadas permanece inerte e vago no plano do direito laboral, concentrando uma feição econômica superdimensionada que persiste sobre o término dos contratos de trabalho. Questiona o poder potestativo ilimitado adotando uma inserção e compreensão conceitual, a partir da teoria do abuso do direito, e com indexação dos princípios de justiça social inseridos na Carta constitucional brasileira. Registra novos caminhos que valorizam a dignidade do trabalhador buscando requisito de reequilíbrio e igualdade entre os sujeitos do contrato de trabalho. Dimensiona novos comportamentos jurídicos que prescindem a espera legislativa, renovando e rediscutindo conceitos que resgatam a relação entre fato social, realidade e norma. Enfim, busca reacender a centralidade da proteção sobre a dispensa imotivada num contexto de garantia fundamental, e dentro de uma sociedade jurídica e jurisdicional que tem papel fundamental sobre as agonias sociais que se resvalaram sobre sociedade do trabalho.Labor work and judicial protection against dismissal without cause establish a field of interest in various and diverse types of studies, which complement the labor judicial science and the contemporary constitutional law, and have been approached with aims at understanding and identifying ways which may bring them up with efficiency and efficacy. Complementing judicial interest of social expression, both these institutes are discussed in this thesis interdependently and connectedly, and join the judicial set available in the Brazilian ordering for new behaviors and essential concept definitions to Law and Labor Work. This thesis suggests going deeper into the theme on work protection and valuation, and on labor rights, focusing on a search for bringing into effect Article 7, I, from the Federal Constitution, which has been untouched and uncertain for over two decades in the labor work plain, centralizing an oversized economical dimension which persists over the work contract termination. It questions the unlimited dismissing power adopting a conceptual insertion and comprehension, from the abuse of right, attaching principles of social justice inserted in the Brazilian constitutional Charter. It records new paths, which value the workers dignity, searching for balance and equality requirements among those mentioned in the work contract. It opens up new judicial behaviors, which decline the legislative waiting, renewing and going back on the concepts that redeem the relation between social fact, reality and norm. It, then, tries to reignite the protection centrality over the dismissal without cause in a context of fundamental guarantee, and within a judicial and jurisdictional society whose role over the social sufferings, which slide into work society, is fundamental.
26
Чумак, Ю. І., та Л. О. Золотухіна. "Гарантії та захист трудових прав в Україні". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/41628.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
В умовах становлення демократичної, соціальної, правової держави, соціально-орієнтованої ринкової економіки проблема забезпечення поваги і додержання прав людини набула глобальних масштабів і на національному рівні, в тому числі в основній сфері життєдіяльності людини – сфері праці. Захист суб`єктивних прав і законних інтересів в межах відповідної форми захисту та за допомогою того чи іншого способу є об`єктивною необхідністю. Саме за рівнем захисту прав людини і громадянина оцінюються ефективність діяльності органів державної влади, ступінь демократичності держави в цілому. Створення і функціонування всеохоплюючої системи захисту трудових прав є важливою юридичною гарантією їх забезпечення. У зв’язку з цим, вивчення питань гарантій та захисту трудових прав є важливим завданням як у теоретичному, так і в практичному плані.
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Perraki, Panagiota. "La protection de la vie personnelle du salarié en droit comparé et européen : étude comparative des droits français, hellénique, britannique et européen." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997155.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La problématique de la protection de la vie personnelle est très ancienne et a fait l'objet d'études dans diverses disciplines scientifiques. Un principe d'indifférence à la vie personnelle a été reconnu dans l'ensemble des systèmes étudiés à partir desannées 1980. Malgré l'existence d'un cadre juridique protecteur à première vue, avec la reconnaissance d'un droit à la protection de la vie personnelle - qui limite et rationalise indubitablement les pouvoirs de direction de l'employeur - la protection connaît des tempéraments et des restrictions, afin d'atteindre un équilibre avec les intérêts légitimes et les droits de l'employeur. La vie personnelle se trouve donc limitée par les pouvoirs patronaux, aspect très largement sous-estimé. Tant le législateur que la pratique et la jurisprudence cherchent à définir les conditions de cet équilibre, que cette étude s'attache à décrire, en soulignant les obstacles techniques et en proposant des solutions pour les résoudre. Son objectif est de démontrer qu'il y a une tendance claire et nette à reconnaître à l'employeur un droit de plus en plus poussé à la restriction de la vie personnelle du salarié et que ceci risque de mettre en péril l'ensemble de la construction.
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Frapard, Mathilde. "La protection négociée des droits sociaux fondamentaux des travailleurs : contribution à l'étude des accords d'entreprise transnationaux." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAA006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dans un contexte de globalisation de l'économie, de nouveaux procédés d'autorégulation ont suscité l'intérêt des acteurs privés. Initiées par les entreprises transnationales, ces régulations volontaires visent notamment à encadrer les relations de travail et à offrir une protection des droits sociaux fondamentaux aux travailleurs des filiales. Parmi ces initiatives, l'une a émergé à la fin des années 1980 : l'accord d'entreprise transnational. Ainsi, la protection des droits sociaux fondamentaux ne relève plus uniquement de la responsabilité des États mais se révèle davantage comme appartenant à la « responsabilité sociale » des entreprises via la négociation transnationale d'entreprise. L'absence de toute règle spécifique relative à une telle négociation laisse cependant en suspens certains problèmes juridiques. Répondre à ces incertitudes juridiques nécessite de clarifier des concepts et de mesurer l'effectivité des accords dans la concrétisation des droits sociaux fondamentauxIn a context of economic globalization, new self-regulation processes have attracted the interest of private actors. lnitiated by transnational companies, these voluntary regulations aim in particular to regulate labour relations and to provide protection of fundamental social rights for workers within subsidiaries. Among these initiatives, one emerged in the late 1980s : the transnational company agreement. Thus, the protection of fundamental social rights is no longer the exclusive concern of States (responsibility), but appears more as belonging to the "social responsibility" of companies via the transnational company bargaining. However, the lack of any specific rules regarding such negotiations leaves some legal problems open. The legal uncertainties related to the transnational company agreements require the clarification of legal concepts and the assessment of the effectiveness of the agreements in the realization of fundamental social rights within transnational companies
29
Krys', P. "Labour protection finansing." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13057.
Повний текст джерела
30
Forsén, Sven Johan Richard. "Investigating Swedish Trade Unions’ Labor Market Preferences: the role of union member labor market risk exposure and the white-collar/blue-collar union divide." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-380569.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the literature on the emergence of the welfare state, the strength of trade unions and the organized working class is often touted as the primary driving force behind the welfare state project. Furthermore, much of the previous literature has tended to assume union homogeneity across countries, federations, industries and professions. What is conspicuously lacking from the current political science literature is a systematic analysis of real-world trade unions’ choice of labor market advocacy focus. Using a qualitative approach and studying both published union material as well as conducting a number of elite interviews with high-level union officials, this thesis studies the degree to which Swedish trade unions’ labor market policy preferences are defined by the union members’ labor market risk exposure and whether the union adheres to white-collar or blue-collar unionism. While the conclusions indeed suggest that labor market risk and blue-collar/white-collar unionism do have a systematic impact on cartain aspects of trade unions’ labor market advocacy, future “large N” studies utilizing alternative methodological approaches will be required to draw more easily generalizable conclusions.
31
Kaufmann, Christine. "Globalisation and labour rights : the conflict between core labour rights and international economic law /." Oxford [u.a.] : Hart, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0709/2007273640.html.
Повний текст джерела
32
Vidal, Bermúdez Álvaro. "The European debate on flexisecurity: some lessons for the South." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115692.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present article analyzes the emergence and evolution of flexisecurity strategy in the European context, different conceptualizations, their effects regarding the protective function of labor law and lessons that can be extracted from previous experiences in Latin America and particularly Peru concerning the subordination of social and labor policies on the policies of employment generation.El presente artículo analiza el surgimiento y evolución de la estrategia de flexiseguridad en el contexto europeo, sus distintas conceptualizaciones, sus efectos respecto de la función protectora del derecho laboral y las lecciones que se pueden extraer de experiencias previas para Latinoamérica y en particular para el Perú respecto de la subordinación de las políticas socio-laborales a las políticas de generación de empleo
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Gonçalves, Leandro Krebs. "Fundo social do trabalhador autônomo: proteção e regulamentação de direitos fundamentais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-30082017-142844/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O Fundo Social do Trabalhador Autônomo objetiva proteger e regulamentar direitos fundamentais dos trabalhadores por conta própria, na perspectiva das relações individuais de labor. A dinâmica da sociedade atual exige uma releitura da dependência econômica e da subordinação jurídica, sob pena de tornar letra morta os dispositivos constitucionais tutelares. Dentro de um mercado global de extrema competitividade, o capital acaba preponderando sobre o elemento humano. A partir da análise das diferentes espécies de relação que se desenvolvem no mundo do trabalho, em visão histórica de afirmação dos direitos humanos e de evolução dos direitos sociais, o presente estudo busca definir os direitos fundamentais dos trabalhadores independentes e propor um fundo social para custeio de seus direitos trabalhistas. As diretrizes normativas internacionais e brasileiras de proteção e regulação do labor do Homem servirão de alicerce para a construção de um novo modelo jurídico. Independente da vigência do contrato de emprego, nos moldes previstos nos artigos 2º e 3º da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT), torna-se necessário adaptar e reformular o Direito do Trabalho, para abranger outros tipos de relações, sem que implique precarização de direitos já consagrados. O autônomo ficou à margem da lei, o que inclusive repercute no expressivo número de ações trabalhistas, em que se discute a existência de vínculo de emprego e os direitos daí decorrentes, em um verdadeiro processo de tudo ou nada. Pressupondo garantias de subsistência, respeitabilidade e dignidade, impõe-se a intervenção do Estado para fixar direitos mínimos dos trabalhadores em geral. Expressando a concretização do direito social ao trabalho, o estabelecimento de prestações positivas elevará a condição socioeconômica dos autônomos, fundada em preceitos de justiça social. O fenômeno da globalização, hoje, contrapõe-se a medidas de defesa dos mercados nacionais. O capitalismo contemporâneo defronta-se com a polêmica dos encargos sociais e seus impactos econômicos. O custo da mão de obra e a implementação de programas de inclusão social e de redistribuição de riquezas, além de ser objeto de políticas governamentais, levam a crer que o Direito do Trabalho tende a se tornar o direito de todas as relações de trabalho. A experiência estrangeira direciona um caminho a se percorrer. Para cumprir os ditames da norma constitucional brasileira, desafia-se a lógica do binômio capital e trabalho, para viabilizar receitas suficientes ao financiamento de benefícios trabalhistas aos autônomos.The Social Fund of the Self-Employed Worker aims to protect and regulate fundamental rights of standalone workers, in perspective of the individual relations of labor. The dynamics of the current society seeks for a reinterpretation of economic dependence and of the legal relationship under penalty of becoming worthless to the constitutional devices guardianship. Within a global market of extreme competitiveness, the capital ends up prevailing over the human element. From the analysis of the different kinds of relationship that develop in the labor world of work, in a historical overview of affirmation of human rights and of the development of social rights, the present study seeks to define the fundamental rights of self-employed workers and it proposes a social fund to finance their labor rights. The Brazilian and international regulatory guidelines of protection and regulation of the labor of the human will serve as foundation for the construction of a new legal model. Regardless the duration of the employment contract, in accordance with the procedures provided in the Articles 2nd and 3rd of the Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT), it is necessary to adapt and restructure the Labor Law to encompass other types of relations, without implying rights that are already devoted. The self-worker was on the edge of the law which also affects the significant number of labor lawsuits, where it is discussed the existence of employment bond and the rights stem from it, in a genuine all or none process. Assuming subsistence, respectability and dignity guarantees, it is implied a State intervention to secure minimum rights for workers in general. Expressing the full realisation of the social labor law the establishment of positive benefits will raise the socio-economic condition of self-workers founded on principles of social justice. The globalisation phenomenon nowadays is opposed to defence measures of national markets. The contemporary capitalism is faced with the polemic of social charges and their economic impacts. The cost of labor and the implementation of programs of social inclusion and the redistribution of wealth in addition to being the object of governmental policies, lead us to believe that the Labor Law tends to become the right of all employment relationships. The foreign experience guides a path to go through. To comply with the dictates of the Brazilian constitutional regulations, the logic of the capital and labor alliance is challenged in order to make sufficient revenues to finance worker benefits to selfworkers.
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Лиськов, М. О., та M. O. Lyskov. "Кримінально-правова характеристика складів злочинів проти трудових прав людини: дисертація". Thesis, ЛьвДУВС, 2012. http://dspace.lvduvs.edu.ua/handle/1234567890/762.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Лиськов М.О. Кримінально-правова характеристика складів злочинів проти трудових прав людини: дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата юридичних наук за спеціальністю 12.00.08 – кримінальне право та кримінологія; кримінально-виконавче право / Лиськов Максим Олександрович. – Львів: ЛьвДУВС, 2012. - 209 с.У дисертації досліджуються склади злочинів, які містяться в диспозиціях ст.ст. 172–175 КК України, що посягають на трудові правовідносини. Також розглядаються питання, пов’язані із розмежуванням указаних складів злочинів та злочинів, склади яких передбачені в диспозиціях ст.ст. 161, 170, 171, 173 КК України та із відмежуванням аналізованих складів злочинів від окремих складів злочинів проти безпеки виробництва (ст.ст. 271–273 КК України) та експлуатації дітей (ст. 150 КК України). Проаналізоване як вітчизняне кримінальне законодавство, так і законодавство держав-учасниць Європейського Союзу з урахуванням міжнародних норм та стандартів у галузі захисту трудових прав людини, а також унесені конкретні пропозиції щодо вдосконалення чинного КК України та правозастосовної практики з урахуванням міжнародного досвіду. Compositions of crimes, that are contained in dispositions of articles 172–175 CC of Ukraine, that violate the labour legal relationships, are researched in dissertation. The questions, related to differentiation of these crimes and crimes compositions which are contained in dispositions of articles 161, 170, 171, 173 CC of Ukraine are also examined, and dissociation of crimes against safety of production (articles 271–273 CC of Ukraine) and exploitation of children (article 150 CC of Ukraine). Both a home criminal legislation and legislation of the states-participants of EU are analysed taking into account international norms and standards in sphear of protection of labour human rights, and also the proposals as to improvement of CC of Ukraine and law-enforcement practices with due account of international experience have been introduced.
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Topchy, V. V. "Criminal protection of labour relations." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/41707.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The criminal legal protection of human labour rights from socially dangerous attacks is a necessary component of the mechanism for their implementation and State protection, and must be ensured through a unified and
harmonized system of criminal law. The criminalization of certain acts often arises from the impact of the adoption of relevant international legal instruments in a particular area.The criminal legal protection of human labour rights from socially dangerous attacks is a necessary component of the mechanism for their implementation and State protection, and must be ensured through a unified and harmonized system of criminal law. The criminalization of certain acts often arises from the impact of the adoption of relevant international legal instruments in a particular area.
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Mantouvalou, Virginia. "Labour rights under the European Convention on human rights." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437289.
Повний текст джерела
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Ковалюмнус, Е. Л., та E. L. Kovalyumnus. "Правовий механізм захисту трудових та соціальних прав суддів в Україні". Thesis, КНУ ім. Т. Г. Шевченка, 2021. https://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/15694.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Дисертацію присвячено дослідженню правового механізму захисту трудових та соціальних прав суддів в Україні. У роботі розкривається поняття та зміст трудових і соціальних прав суддів, а також сутність, соціально-правове значення та структура правового механізму захисту цих прав суддів. У рамках розкриття змісту досліджуваного правового механізму особлива увага приділяється нормативній основі цього механізму, системі суб’єктів захисту прав суддів, а також формам (враховуючи способи і засоби) і методам захисту правового механізму захисту трудових та соціальних прав суддів. Узагальнено основні актуальні проблеми захисту трудових і соціальних прав суддів в Україні, а також сформульовано конкретні пропозиції й рекомендації щодо удосконалення правового регулювання захисту трудових і соціальних прав суддів, зокрема: ратифікація Конвенції Міжнародної організації праці № 151 1978 року та прийняття Закону України «Про захист права на організацію державних службовців», що передбачатиме внесення змін до законодавства про поширення на суддів права на створення профспілки, вступу до неї та виходу з неї; внесення змін до Закону України «Про судоустрій і статус суддів» у частині окреслення переліку трудових і соціальних прав суддів, особливостей, форм і суб’єктів захисту цих прав. В диссертации впервые комплексно раскрыта сущность правового механизма защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей в Украине, а также проблематика его функционирования, в результате чего сформулированы конкретные предложения по его оптимизации, которые предложено учесть в рамках предстоящей судебно-правовой реформы. Обосновывается, что правовой механизм защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей в Украине представляет собой нормативно определённый, основанный на идее социального государства целостный юридический конструкт, охватывающий правовые средства и способы, посредством которых прямо или косвенно реализовывается защитная функция государства относительно защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей. В соответствующем контексте указывается, что данный механизм имеет особое социально-правовое значение, формируя условия надлежащего обеспечения социальной безопасности судей и в обществе в целом, а также способствуя развитию государства в качестве правового и демократического, делая возможной реализацию евроинтеграционных стремлений Украины.
Доказывается, что исследуемый правовой механизм своей структурой охватывает: нормы национального законодательства и международно-правовых актов по защите трудовых и социальных прав человека в целом и судей в частности; общеправовые и специальные правовые принципы защиты прав судей; субъектов защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей, условно разделённых на соответствующих субъектов международного и национального уровня; формы и методы защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей. При этом обращается внимание на то, что структуру системы субъектов защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей можно условно разделить на такие две группы: субъекты международно-правового уровня защиты (международный судебный орган, международные неправительственные организации, осуществляющие защиту трудовых и социальных прав судей); субъекты национального правового уровня защиты (административные суды, органы судейского самоуправления, органы судейского управления, ассоциации судей). На основе критического анализа правозащитного потенциала соответствующих субъектов защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей, особенностей форм (способов и средств) защиты утверждается, что наиболее эффективным образом судья может защитить права в судебном порядке, который непосредственно зависит от уровня обеспечения государством достойного труда и социальной безопасности судей.
Обосновывается позиция, в соответствии с которой на сегодняшний день основными проблемами защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей являются следующие: общее снижение уровня социальной безопасности в государстве; десоциализация сферы труда профессиональных публичных служащих в целом и судей в частности; недостаточное качество правового регулирования функционирования правового механизма защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей; недостаточная эффективность защитного влияния субъектов защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей; частое осуществление в Украине судебно-правовых реформ, не учитывающих потребностей комплексной оптимизации защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей. Для решения вышеизложенных проблем предложено: создать и утвердить концепцию по совершенствованию правового механизма защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей, которая должна быть учтена при проведении очередной судебно-правовой реформы в Украине; привести национальное законодательство в соответствие с международно-правовыми актами, касающимися защиты трудовых и социальных прав работников, в частности госслужащих; принять Закон Украины «О внесении изменений в Закон Украины «О судоустройстве и статусе судей» относительно защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей»; устранить институциональные барьеры, препятствующие эффективной защите трудовых и социальных прав судей в Украине; усилить правозащитные возможности отдельных субъектов защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей, а именно Совета судей Украины и ассоциаций судей.
The dissertation is devoted to the research of the legal mechanism of protection of labor and social rights of judges in Ukraine. The paper reveals the concept and content of labor and social rights of judges, as well as the essence, socio-legal significance and structure of the legal mechanism for the protection of these rights of judges. As part of the disclosure of the content of the studied legal mechanism, special attention is paid to the normative basis of this mechanism, the system of subjects of protection of judges' rights, as well as forms (including methods) and methods of protection of legal mechanism of labor and social rights of judges. The main current issues of protection of labor and social rights of judges in Ukraine are summarized, as well as specific proposals and recommendations for improving the legal regulation of protection of labor and social rights of judges, in particular: ratification of the ILO Convention 1978 151 and development and adoption of the draft Law " On protection of the right to organize civil servants ”, which will provide for amendments to the legislation on extending to judges the right to form, join and leave a trade union; amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On the Judiciary and the Status of Judges" in terms of outlining the list of labor and social rights of judges, features, forms and subjects of protection of these rights.
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Arce, Ortiz Elmer Guillermo. "La tutela laboral de los derechos fundamentales del trabajador. Una asignatura pendiente en tiempos de reforma." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115967.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The labor guardianship of worker’s fundamental rights: A pending subject in times of reformThe articlestarts with the penetration of Constitutional Law in labor relations mainly promoted by the Constitutional Court, which with its repeated statements have specified the normative content of workers’ constitutional rights. From this, it maintains that in protection matters of fundamental rights we are in the middle of an insufficientordinary route and another extraordinary route, legal protection, also unable to assume adequate protection of workers. The article analyzes particularities that should have a claim of violation of the fundamental rights of any other in alabor site to pick up characteristics such as: accentuated swiftness, priority and preventing inadmissibility “in limine”. Finally, the text concludes regretting that New Procedural Labor Lawhasn’t created an ad hoc process for the protection of fundamental rights and that, on the contrary, it has opted for a disperse and chaotic system to protect them.El artículo tiene como punto de partida la penetración del Derecho Constitucional en las relaciones de trabajo impulsada principalmente por el Tribunal Constitucional, el cual, con sus reiteradas sentencias, ha precisado el contenido normativo de los derechos constitucionales de los trabajadores. A partir de ello, se sostiene que en materia de protección de los derechos fundamentales nos encontramos en medio de una vía ordinaria insuficiente y otra vía extraordinaria, la del amparo, también incapaz de asumir la protección adecuada del trabajador. El artículo analiza las particularidades que debe tener una demanda de violación de derechos fundamentales y que la diferencian de cualquier otra en sede laboral para recoger características como: celeridad acentuada, prioridad e impedir la improcedencia in limine. Finalmente, el texto concluye lamentando que la Nueva Ley Procesal del Trabajo no haya creado un proceso ad hoc para la protección de derechos fundamentales y que, por el contrario, se haya optado por un sistema disperso y caótico para la protección de los mismos.
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Yeremenko, A. "Human rights protection institute of jury." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/44926.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Development and formation of legal state, consolidation of democratic principles of governance is impossible without recognizing of human rights and freedoms in Ukraine. Today in our country an acute problem of protection of human rights exists as a result of low level of economic development, instability in the socio-political and legal areas, lack of effective approaches to legal education of the individual. Citizens do not know their rights, do not have basic skills to use their rights and make demands to the state or other institutions for the restoration or protection of their rights.
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Prado, Nogueira Marina. "Bringing rights to the table : domestic workers' experiences defending labour rights in Brazil." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Are changes to labour law legislation still relevant today when neoliberalism is curtailing industrial citizenship? And, where progressive changes are introduced, what evidence exists, if any, of changing relations between marginalized women workers (e.g. “domésticas”) and their employers? In 2013, the Brazilian government passed a Constitutional Amendment Bill n°72/2013 (also referred to as PEC Das Domésticas), a set of labour laws harmonizing domestic workers’ rights to that of workers in other occupations. This study examines the new legislation of the PEC and ascertains its significance to improve the terms and conditions shaping the everyday experiences of domésticas. Using qualitative methodologies grounded in feminist theories of intersectionality and affect, I critically analyze the holistic experiences of women domestic workers, understood as overlapping and intertwined realities of class, gender, and racial identifications. By weaving domestic workers’ narratives into an intersectional analysis of domestic work as affective labour, I expose the multiple forms of historically derived oppressions, as well as strategies of resistance arising to contest the exploitation of their labour. This research then argues that labour rights alone are insufficient to address the vulnerabilities and challenges experience by women domestic workers. Domestic workers’ experiences suggest the struggle for better working conditions and social recognition is
implicated in contemporary frictions between cultural notions of servitude and the exercise of citizenship by the working classes. While Brazil’s recent policy reform reveals persistent bourgeoisie discourses resisting treating domestic work as work, it also serves to bring domestic work to greater visibility and a renewed political consciousness about identity and workplace issues. The present study contributes to the ongoing scholarly debates on how structural inequalities based on gender and race influence labour market segregation and reinforce the undervaluation of care and domestic work.Graduate Studies, College of (Okanagan)
Sociology, Department of (Okanagan)
Graduate
41
September, Jerome. "Children's rights and child labour: a comparative study of children's rights and child labour legislation in South Africa, Brazil and India." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9175.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Includes bibliographical references.This dissertation will, through the analysis of various pieces of legislation and taking account of the daily realities of children in South Africa, Brazil and India (IBSA), outline the progress made to reduce and eradicate the exploitation of children, through the elimination of child labour. These three countries are chosen because of the particular challenges they face, but also because as part of the IBSA group, they have committed themselves to working together in the advancement of key international matters, including issues of human rights and social justice. The India, Brazil and South Africa (IBSA) group has further recently been held up as a global example for the efforts made by nations in the elimination of the worst forms child labour. The ultimate goal is the total elimination of child labour. This dissertation will draw attention to the complexities and contradictions in policy and practice, with particular reference to concepts such as ‘Child Labour’ and the ‘Worst Forms of Child Labour’. This dissertation will compare [the experience of] childhood in these countries, and explore the risk factors that place particular children, and families, at risk of utilising child labour as a source of income.
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C¸oban, Ali Riza. "Protection of property rights within the European Convention on Human Rights." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680368.
Повний текст джерела
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Pils, Eva Maria. "Rights protection and justice in contemporary China." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444669/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines practices of dispute resolution and conceptions of justice internal to China, in order to understand the potential role of rights in the Chinese legal system. While rights assertion, defence and protection can only occur alongside dispute resolution practices already entrenched in China, they could also transform these Chinese practices, by encouraging a more tolerant attitude to public disagreement in dispute resolution. A tradition of authoritarian supervision and control of officials is currently weakening the ability of Chinese courts to protect rights and to conduct principled argument about justice. Chinese culture has partly accommodated this supervisionist tradition by the practices of remonstration with government, and mediation of civil and other disputes. But these latter practices also support attitudes opposing injustice and unjustified rule. It is argued that rights-assertive and empathetic attitudes are consistent and fundamentally connected. It may be right not to insist on what is due to oneself, and to seek conciliation. Yet when rights are asserted, they must be taken seriously. To take them seriously, sustained public disagreement about law and justice must be allowed. As Chinese people are now increasingly rights-assertive, courts more often oppose the supervisionist tradition, by engaging in controversial legal argument and occasionally by adjudicating on the basis of constitutional rights and principles. This could help to correct some of the injustices done to the large and growing Chinese underclass, especially as remonstration mechanisms are failing. The Chinese example supports the conclusion that legal systems in transition are not best served by a 'thin' version of rule of law, but instead need a strong constitutional legal practice. This illustrates that law should not be defined by its claim to authority but by its function to serve justice.
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Kariyawasam, Kanchana. "Moral rights protection in a copyright system /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16318.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
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Badenhorst, Karlien. "The Labour Rights of Irregular Migrants in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60082.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
South Africa has long been dealing with the immigration of irregular migrant workers. There are strong indicators that irregular migrant workers are exploited, abused and subjected to working conditions that are less favourable than that of nationals of the country. With the implementation of the Immigration Act 13 of 2002, South Africa criminalised the appointment of an irregular migrant worker.
The Immigration Act came under scrutiny in the Discovery Health v CCMA (2008) ILJ 1480 (LC) case and the judgement stated that irregular migrant workers now have rights under the Labour Relations Act, where they are seen as employees with valid employment contracts. The judgement makes it apparent that the Immigration Act?s goal is not to deviate from international norms already in place. Internationally, irregular migrant workers have various labour rights. Although these international standards are not ratified by South Africa, they still have a profound effect on our judicial system when determining case law.
A comparative analysis is drawn between the legislative framework of the United States of America, Ireland and South Africa in order to obtain an international perspective. Regarding irregular migrant workers, the United States of America takes a dramatically opposing viewpoint to that of South Africa while Ireland?s legislation runs parallel to South Africa?s.
In South Africa, contradicting legislative provisions have created misconceptions that employment contracts of irregular migrants are invalid. These workers are afraid and unaware that they have access to dispute resolution mechanisms, while employers are too happy to exploit them to achieve lower labour costs.
Recommendations to remedy the situation include immigration policy reforms, legislative amendments, enforcement of existing legislation, and creating awareness of the status of irregular migrant workers.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Mercantile Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Üelgen, Ozlem. "The labour exploitation of indigenous peoples : the interface between labour law and human rights law." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299579.
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McHugh-Russell, Liam Sean M. "Beyond protection: an informal economy perspective on labour law." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121466.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The large cohort of workers in the "informal economy" commonly described as lying "beyond the protection of labour law" represent a serious challenge (though not the only one) to the adequacy and legitimacy of labour law's normative tools and legitimating narratives. Drawing on a critical review of recent work at the ILO and by WIEGO (an international research-advocacy network focused on women in the informal economy), the thesis tries to provide insight into the nature of that challenge. The heterogeneity of informal work calls for prudence to avoid still-popular folk images rooted in the Fordist-era organization of work in the global North. Capturing that diversity instead requires "socio-economic" approaches attentive to the particulars of the networks of production that workers participate in, and the complex interaction between working practices and state regulation. Ultimately, however, providing a platform for workers to pursue their capabilities requires labour law to go beyond "protection" as a structuring discourse and embrace a broader normative horizon.Les travailleurs de l'«économie informelle» souvent décrit comme «au-delà de la protection du droit du travail» représentent un défi sérieux (mais pas le seul) qui menace la pertinence et la légitimité des instruments et discours normatifs du droit du travail. En utilisant une analyse critique des textes récents produits par l'OIT et par WIEGO (un réseau international de recherche et de plaidoyer centré sur les femmes dans l'économie informelle), cette thèse offre une perspective quant à la nature de ce défi. L'hétérogénéité du travail informel demande de la prudence, afin d'éviter de rester dans les images folkloriques ancrées dans l'ère du travail "Fordiste" des pays du Nord. La réponse à cette diversité exige plutôt un approche «socio-économique» non seulement attentifs aux particularités des réseaux de production dans lesquelles les travailleurs participent, mais aussi alerte aux interactions complexes entre les pratiques de travail concrètes et la réglementation de l'État. En fin de compte, cependant, afin de fournir aux travailleurs une plate-forme leur permettre de poursuivre leurs « capabilités », il faudrait que le droit du travail cherche au-delà de la «protection» pour ses discours de structuration, en adoptant un horizon normatif plus large.
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Mazarin, Carla Trevisan Ranieri. "A concreção eficacial do Fator Acidentário de Prevenção sob a luz do artigo 10 da Lei nº 10.666/2003." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7084.
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-15The purpose of this paper aims to analyze if the Accident Prevention Factor (APF) institution has reached its effectiveness, which is the reduction of the labor accidents rates. However, to have this discussion is necessary to analyze the evolution of the legislation that protect the employee, who is a victim of a labor accident, and we will see the foundation of this protection, as well as the configuration of the risks that require such protection, and the concept of a labor accident and the reformulation that this concept has gone through, considering the changes caused by society. Then, we will look up the concepts of system, effectiveness, as well as principles and rules that will provide for us the necessary support for the inclusion of the labor accident protection in the list of the fundamental rights, and their relation to the social rights. We will analyze the protection of the working environment and the impact that the lack of security measures can lead to the Social Security System. From then on, we will introduce the concept of the Accident Prevention Factor and the respective calculation methodology, and the questionings that the implementation of this tool caused. Finally, we will check why the Accident Prevention Factor is framed as a social prevention tool, and the reason why its measurement was set by economic sector, and the results of its implementation through the labor accident statistics provided by the Social Security Ministry
A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar se a instituição do Fator Acidentário de Prevenção FAP atingiu a sua função eficacial, qual seja, a redução dos índices de acidentalidade laboral. Contudo, para se chegar a essa discussão, faz-se necessária a análise da evolução legislativa da proteção acidentária, oportunidade em que será visto o fundamento dessa proteção, a configuração dos riscos que demandam essa tutela, bem como o conceito de acidente de trabalho e a reformulação pela qual esse conceito passou por meio das mudanças ocasionadas pela sociedade. Em seguida, serão analisados os conceitos de sistema, eficácia, além de princípios e regras, por meio dos quais serão fornecidos os subsídios necessários para a inserção da proteção acidentária no rol dos direitos fundamentais e a sua relação com os direitos sociais. Serão analisados a proteção do meio ambiente laboral e os impactos que a ausência de medidas de segurança pode ocasionar para o Sistema de Seguridade Social. A partir de então, serão introduzidos o conceito do Fator Acidentário de Prevenção e toda a sua metodologia de cálculo, assim como as irregularidades apontadas no momento da implementação dessa ferramenta. Ao final, serão verificados como o FAP é enquadrado como uma ferramenta de prevenção social, os motivos pelos quais a sua aferição se configura por setor econômico e os resultados de sua implementação por meio dos dados estatísticos acidentários disponibilizados pela Previdência Social
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Буртник, Т. С. "Міжнародно-правові гарантії прав трудових мігрантів з України". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/71044.
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Кваліфікаційна робота є науково-теоретичним дослідженням міжнародно-правових гарантій захисту прав трудових мігрантів з України, зокрема гарантій, розроблених в системі Організації Об’єднаних Націй, Міжнародної організації міграції, а також європейськими регіональними організаціями.
Окрему увагу автор приділяє недолікам державної міграційної політики України, яка потребує модернізації щодо правового забезпечення і соціального захисту громадян, які здійснюють трудову діяльність за кордоном. Обґрунтовується необхідність ратифікації Конвенції про працівників-мігрантів (переглянуту 1949 р.), Конвенції Міжнародної організації праці про працю в морському судноплавстві 2006 р. а також укладення двосторонніх міждержавних та міжурядових угод між Україною та державами, які є найбільш бажаними країнами для роботи за кордоном для українців.Квалификационная работа является научно-теоретическим исследованием международно-правовых гарантий защиты прав трудовых мигрантов из Украины, в частности гарантий, разработанных в системе Организации Объединенных Наций, Международной организации миграции, а также европейскими региональными организациями. Отдельное внимание автор посвящает недостатками государственной миграционной политики Украины, требующей модернизации в части правового обеспечения и социальной защиты граждан, осуществляющих трудовую деятельность за границей. Обосновывается необходимость ратификации Украиной Конвенции о работниках-мигрантах (пересмотренную 1949 г.), Конвенции Международной организации труда о труде в морском судоходстве 2006 г., а также заключения двухсторонних межгосударственных и межправительственных соглашений между Украиной и государствами, являющимися наиболее желаемыми для работы за границей для украинцев.
This paper is a theoretical study on international legal guarantees of the migrant workers’ rights, in particular guarantees developed within the United Nations system, International Migration Organization and European regional organizations. Special attention author pays to the problems of Ukrainian state migration policy and claim that its legal enforcement mechanisms and social protection of Ukrainian citizens who work abroad should be significantly upgraded. The authors argue that Ukraine should ratify Migration for Employment Convention (Revised), 1949, Maritime Labor Convention, 2006 and conclude international state-to-state and government-to-government bilateral treaties with the states which are the most popular destination of Ukrainian labor migration.
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Thalmann, Vanessa. "Prison labour for private corporations : the impact of human rights." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82672.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the past two decades, the prison population has increased considerably in many industrialized countries. In the United States, for example, the prison population has more than quadrupled since 1980. As a response to the considerable incarceration costs, the number of private prisons and the number of prisoners working for private corporations have increased significantly. Proponents of private sector involvement in prison industries argue that inmate labour can reduce the incarceration costs and contribute to rehabilitation of prisoners.The question of private sector involvement in prison facilities raises significant concerns as regards to international labour standards. Opponents of private sector involvement argue that private hiring of prison labour can involve exploitation. They also argue that the authority for punishment is a core governmental function that cannot be delegated to the private sector. Furthermore, in most cases, labour and social security laws are not applied to inmates. Therefore, prison labour can constitute unfair competition with free labour or even go as far as to replace free labour.