Дисертації з теми "Prostate – Cancer – Soins médicaux"
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Brun, Thomas. "Développement de méthode dosimétrique et de quantification du volume cible par IRM multiparamétrique pour le traitement ultra-focal du cancer de la prostate en curiethérapie de grains liés d'iode-125 personnalisés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES071.
Повний текст джерелаThe conventional treatment of localized prostate cancer, the most common cancer in men, is based on whole-gland treatment approaches and drives a significant risk of adverse effects in terms of continence and sexuality. Currently, various treatment strategies include surgery, external beam radiotherapy, or brachytherapy. However, surgical specimens have shown that in a significant proportion of patients, the risk of cancer progression is associated with a single focus of undifferentiated cancer. Therefore, treating the primary index lesion would achieve both cancer control and preservation of quality of life. Although recent developments in imaging and biopsy technologies can outline the extent of the cancer, the challenge of focusing the required precision with the treatment agent remains a daunting task, and focal treatments proposed between active surveillance of low-risk Prostate Cancer and definitive treatment of aggressive forms are still options under assessment Indeed, focal treatments raise questions that are still imperfectly resolved for an optimal clinical implementation: How to precisely define the target volume? How to focus the therapeutic agent on this target? And finally, how to monitor the rest of the gland after treatment? The aim of this thesis project is to develop and evaluate the dosimetric feasibility of an experimental ultra-focal treatment for prostate cancer using iodine-125 seeds brachytherapy and to develop a quantification method for the precise definition of the primary tumor focus using multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) imaging. To achieve this, the number and activity of I-125 seeds used for conventional prostate brachytherapy are defined based on the volume of the entire gland (approximately 2 seeds/cc). By definition, ultra-focal brachytherapy targets complex-shaped and smaller volumes, prompting us to develop a dosimetric method for implanting multiple seeds with low activity. Secondly, the precision objective in seed delivery led us to implement the sequential use of three distinct imaging systems: mpMRI to inform on the position and volume of the target, 3D transrectal ultrasound to deliver a fiducial marker into the target leveraging non-rigid fusion with mpMRI, and a 2D biplanar ultrasound probe required for treatment planning and seed placement. Finally, the evaluation of treatment quality - that is, the dose delivered to the single target as opposed to the entire gland in conventional brachytherapy - was made possible by developing a quantification method based on the precise definition of the position of the target tumor volume to be treated from mpMRI data and compared to dosimetric data obtained for each patient in the study
Phung, Thi Thanh Tu. "Évaluation et modélisation de la qualité de vie des patients traités pour un cancer de la prostate." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON1T016.
Повний текст джерелаTreatments for prostate cancer "PCa" are almost equivalent in terms of survival; however,they can provoke different side effects affecting quality of life "QoL" patients. It is thereforeessential to assess on one hand the QoL of patients newly diagnosed with PCa as wells asthose newly diagnosed with a recurrence of PCa to know the quality of life associated witheach kind of treatment is and on the other hand to evaluate their utility scores by the methodof “ Standard Gamble”. We conducted a prospectively cohort study of 305 patients treated forPCa in the departments of Hérault and Gard. The study found that QoL of patients wasdifferent according to treatment modalities. Patients in the group "prostatectomy" had moresexual dysfunction and urinary incontinence. Patients in the group “radiotherapy" had morebowel dysfunction and symptoms related to hormone treatment. Symptoms related tohormonal disorders of PCa, sexual dysfunction, insomnia, urinary incontinence, and the sumof co-morbidities are significant predictors of utility score
Chauvin, Pauline. "Evaluating health expenditures with cost-effectiveness analysis : foundations, methods and application to colorectal cancer mass screening." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1G011.
Повний текст джерелаThe on-going growth of medical expenditures in most countries has strengthened the interest for economic evaluations of health care programmes. This thesis questions the extent to which and how Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) can be used to evaluate health care expenditures. CEA is defined as the methodological approach valuing consequences of allocation of resources with non-monetary units. More specifically, it is used to assess alternative mass screening strategies for Colorectal Cancer (CRC) in France. Even though CEA is currently the reference in health care assessment, its theoretical foundations are not definitely settled. In the first part of this thesis, three potential normative frameworks for CEA are considered, namely welfare economics, the capability and extra-welfarist approaches. Then in a second part, the methodology enabling to properly use CEA is examined. Eventually, two CEAs are implemented to assess alternative mass screening strategies for CRC in France. The potential contribution of Computed Tomography Colonography (CTC) to CRC mass screening is considered. A Markov model is elaborated in order to compare CTC with guaiac and immunological fecal occult blood tests. The first test is currently used in France for the mass screening campaigns while the second one is likely to replace it
Maurel, Jean. "Apport des registres de cancer à l'évaluation des pratiques de soins en cancérologie : à propos du cancer colorectal." Caen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CAEN3097.
Повний текст джерелаTraoré, Sory. "Estimations non-paramétriques de coût médical et d'incidences d'événements cliniques : application à l'évaluation médico-économique d'un dépistage pré-thérapeutique des toxicités du 5-fluorouracile." Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967957/fr/.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with non parametric estimation methods of medical cost and of incidences of clinical events that generate it. Such statistical analysis methods already exist but they are sometimes misused due to the bias induced by the data when encountering censorship, recurence of interest events, and competitive risks. The choice of a correct statistical method of estimation is generally an issue within such a context. In a first part, we have studied the statistical methods that are usually used but none was defined at a sufficient general level to take into account all the classical situations. So, in a second time, we have developped a "multi-state" framewok of non parametric approaches allowing to estimate both the medical cost and the incidences of the events that generate it when in presence of all these situations. The properties of the estimators, in terms of bias and asymptotic behavior have been then studied. Finally, all the methods that were studied and developped have been applied to a real case: the medical and economical evaluation of the pre-treatment screening of the toxicities for the 5-fluorouracile that has been set up by the research teams of the Laboratoire d'Oncopharmacologie and INSERM U892 of the Centre Paul Papin d'Angers. This study has showed that this pre-treatment screening could lead to a significant reduction of the major and lethal toxicities which takes place during the first two cycles of the treatment that uses the 5-FU. Moreover, the supplementary cost that it induces could be significantly inferior to the cost of the toxicities that it helps to avoid, whatever type of economical study is considered
Lejeune, Catherine. "Analyse coût-efficacité du dépistage de masse du cancer colorectal en France : utilisation d'un modèle de simulation." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOMU04.
Повний текст джерелаBarbaret, Cécile. "Détresse financière en phase palliative chez les patients atteints de cancer : vers une approche structurée des coûts de la fin de vie Financial distress in patients with advanced cancer Inequalities in financial distress, symptoms and quality of life among patients with advanced cancer in France and the United States of America The association between palliative care team follow-up and aggressiveness of cancer care near the end of life. Research Protocol on Early Palliative Care in patients with acute leukaemia after one relapse." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2019GREAS022.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаConcerns about costs of the palliative phase in patients with cancer has emerged. Beyond usual measures to control health expenses other ways involving clinical, teaching and research might impact costs of the palliative phase and health expenses.Methods:Association between financial distress and lower quality of life was highlighted. In order to improve patients’ quality of life, focusing on costs and financial distress seems necessary. Other studies especially one concerning aggressive cancer care near the end of life were made. Those criteria could be one source of health expenses and alteration of quality of life.Discussion: Collaboration, anticipation, quality of professionals training programs and palliative care research development are all possible solutions which could lead to decrease health expenses. In literature no study focusing on all type of cost during the palliative phase was made. All this work leads to a new research protocol concerning palliative phase costs among patients with cancer.Conclusion: Understanding specific cancer expenses for patients and their families is undoubtedly important for quality of life. Concerning a more global approach, health consumptions and quality of collaboration are possible ways to improve quality of life while respecting the individual and the collectivity. Death is inevitable but our way to die is not. Clinics, research and teaching are the three axes to focus on
Méthy, Nicolas. "Identification et évaluation des critères de substitution en cancérologie digestive." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOMU04.
Повний текст джерелаOverall survival is the gold standard endpoint in phase III cancer clinical trials. Its evaluation may require long follow-up. The use of surrogate endpoints allows to reduce trial duration. A surrogate endpoint is expected to predict treatment effect on the clinical endpoint of interest. Two statistical methods have been proposed to evaluate a surrogate endpoint. The first one consists in estimating the proportion of treatment effect explained by the surrogate. The second one is a meta-analytical approach consisting in calculating the correlation between treatment effects on each endpoint. To date, few surrogates have been validated in digestive oncology. A questionnaires survey among clinicians and methodologists allowed to draw up an ordered list of potential surrogates, candidate for statistical evaluations. Best rated endpoints were disease-free survival and progression-free survival in association or not with quality of life. In neo-adjuvant rectal cancer trials, pathological parameters are early indicators of treatment effect. Their surrogacy was evaluated in the FFCD 9203 trial. Single-trial analyses did not validate these parameters as surrogate endpoints for overall survival or local control. Pooled analyses with the EORTC 22921 trial confirmed these results. Preliminary analyses using the meta-analytical technique have suggested that progression-free survival could be surrogate for overall survival
Borie, Frédéric. "Prise en charge et surveillance du cancer colo-rectal : analyses médico-économiques et décisionnelles." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10262.
Повний текст джерелаMolinier, Laurent. "Les analyses économiques dans la prise en charge des cancers : évaluation et modélisation des coûts application au cancer bronchopulmonaire." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30054.
Повний текст джерелаIn France, approximately 28 000 cases of lung cancer are diagnosed each year. This work provides new information on the evaluation and the modelling of costs of this pathology. We summarized the state of the knowledge and the reflections currently led in the fields of the economic evaluation of healthcare programs and their modelling. This aim of this work was to evaluate the costs of managing patients with lung cancer in France. Markov chains built on the different management phases were developed. This type of modelling constitutes an inexpensive tool for simulation and very instructive in its educations, particularly for understanding of the consequences of this disease. This thesis also aimed at analyzing the methodological characteristics of the studies estimating the cost of this pathology. A supplementary effort is to be realized in the field of the methodological validation
Damus, Obrillant. "Solidarité et cancer en Haïti : étude menée auprès des patients atteints du cancer de la prostate, et des soignants." Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083375.
Повний текст джерелаThe current research analyzes how informal solidarity systems contribute to the management of patients with prostate cancer. The systems of informal solidarity, which involved in providing care to cancer patients, can be found at all levels: material, cognitive, emotional, and spiritual. Prostate cancer is a disease which has pushed the social actors to express solidarity towards its victims. In 2009, a survey was conducted among sixty patients and three Haitian doctors in Haiti. The treatment of the research data has revealed that the systems of family and friendship solidarity, etc. Have played an invaluable role in the care of patients with prostate cancer. There is a complementary relationship among the different systems of solidarity. Even though family solidarity is more ‘’Significant’’ than the others, it is often supplemented by them, which, in many cases, supplant it on material and cognitive levels for socio-economical reasons. Within the system of family solidarity, the female line is more caring for the sick person than the male line (group). Patients receive more friendly masculine solidarities than feminine. In terms of solidarity provided, there would be equality between nearby men and women. The systems of solidarity contribute to the reduction of inequalities concerning the access to medical, tradimedical and domestic care, and allow to understand why all patients are not equal in terms of care provided
Dudouet, Philippe. "Influence de la lymphographie pédieuse bilatérale sur les résultats thérapeutiques et le pronostic des cancers du col utérin traités par radiothérapie exclusive : à propos de 90 cas comparés à une population témoin analogue à lymphographie non positive." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR23024.
Повний текст джерелаArrossi, Silvina. "L'Impact socio-économique du cancer et son influence sur l'observance du traitement." Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/arrossi_s.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis was to measure the social and economic impact borne by families of cervical cancer patients in Argentina, and to analyze whether this impact had an influence on radiotherapy compliance. 120 patients treated with radiotherapy in a hospital in Buenos Aires between october 2002 and march 2004 participated in the study. They were personally interviewed about the impact of cancer in relation to employment, income, education, access to health care services, consumption patterns and finances. Supplementary information about the patient health coverage and demographic, social and economic conditions of the household was requested, as well as tumour-related information and treatment completeness. The study showed that an important proportion of families faced work disability, loss of income, and reduced attendance to school. The loss of income and illness-related expenses have important consequences on family finances, such as a reduction of the daily consumption of food, the use of savings or the sale of properties, and delay in the payment of essential services such as electricity, telephone or heating. Having a family member that stopped working and having a family member with reduced school attendance, increased the risk of non-compliance with radiotherapy. This thesis shows that to improve quality of life and treatment compliance of cervical cancer patients specific measures to reduce the socio-economic impact of cancer need to be implemented
Castelli, Christel. "Modèles semi-markoviens et méthodes de régression dans les analyses de coût-efficacité : application au cancer colo-rectal." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T028.
Повний текст джерелаBarlesi, Fabrice. "Evaluation de la santé perçue en oncologie thoracique : place dans l'aide à la décision." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20681.
Повний текст джерелаLung cancer is associated with a poor prognosis. Efforts included a the “Plan Cancer” are done to improve patients survival and control treatment-related toxicities. In addition, patients have been clearly placed at the centre of health system. Then, besides classical quantitative assessment of treatments efficacy, qualitative measures have been initiated. Our works suggest that (i) doctors involved in thoracic oncology wish to include these measures into their practice, (ii) these measures provide additional information regarding post-operative course after thoracic surgery, (iii) a tool possibly influencing health perception might be represented by information delivered by doctors to patients, (iv) these measures are however not strictly related to the quality of health care
Caupenne, Odile. "Coût médical des épithéliomas cutanés de la face : évaluation au C.H.R. de Bordeaux." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M104.
Повний текст джерелаVerboux, Dorian. "Variabilités des pratiques et inégalités d’accès aux soins en France : le cas de la cancérologie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0065/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis addresses several issues: on the one hand we focus on medical practice variations; one the other hand we examine determinants of social and spatial inequalities in access to care for individuals with cancer.In recent years, high practice variations are noted by health public authorities. The first chapter wonders about the determinants of variations in the use of prostatectomy as prostate cancer management. Results indicate a strong positive influence of supply-side factors in both régions and départements.Reducing social inequalities in access to care is also achieved thanks particular scheme as the LTI system. The second chapter focuses on the determinants of health care utilization, i.e. GP and specialist physicians. For those, we differentiate between visits related (or not) to LTI conditions. Concerning GP visits, individuals with lower socio-economic status tend to have greater GP visits. Regarding specialist visits, results point out a clear influence of financial factors, especially for non LTI-related visits.Finally, since 2004 organized breast cancer screening program invites all women 50-74 to be screened. The aim of this chapter is to examine the potential influence of supplied-side factors (GP and specialist physician density) on the use of organized cancer screening in France between 2005 and 2012. Results show that a higher GP density is associated with higher screening rates. On the contrary, a higher specialist density tends to diminish the participation rate to organized screening. Results also underline the presence of a spatial effect which means that neighboring behavior in terms of cancer screening has an impact on the cancer screening rate in the observed area
Boisvert, Marie. "Soins ambulatoires en cancérologie : résultats d'une enquête de satisfaction menée auprès de 102 patients venus en soins ambulatoires à l'Institut Bergonié (mars 2000)." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M059.
Повний текст джерелаSoubeyran, Isabelle, and Nathalie Quenel. "Intérêts de l'immunohistochimie dans l'évaluation de la réponse à l'hormonothérapie néoadjuvante des cancers du sein : à propos de 208 cas de carcinomes canalaires infiltrants traités entre 1984 et 1990." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23106.
Повний текст джерелаLorin, Jean-Louis. "Place et limites du toucher rectal et du scanner dans le bilan préopératoire des cancers du bas rectum." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23083.
Повний текст джерелаHequet, Delphine. "Evaluation globale de la prise en charge des patientes présentant un cancer du sein opérable d’emblée : analyse médico-économique des parcours de soins, audit de qualité des soins, évaluation de la satisfaction des patientes et impact des nouvelles technologies dans les décisions thérapeutiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS010.
Повний текст джерелаBreast cancer is a frequent but heterogeneous disease. Therefore, there are multiple clinical pathways, of which the optimization is one of the objectives of the 3rd Plan Cancer. Three dimensions of the clinical pathways were analyzed through 2 multicenter prospective studies: quality, cost and psychosocial impact. Efficiency levers have been identified: to promote screening for breast cancer, to mimic the organization of comprehensive cancer centers, to better target patients benefiting from adjuvant chemotherapy by accessing tools innovations such as genomic tests. In a 3rd prospective study, the adjuvant chemotherapy decision was modified in 18% of the cases. Genomics enters routine in oncology. Clinicians must understand this discipline. The last part of this thesis reports the work carried out in genomics in breast cancer, at the stage of research on a gene coding for a protein with methyltransferase activity, PRDM15, promising in triple-negative breast cancers expressing androgen receptors
Zimban, Alain. "Evaluation de la couverture mammographique des femmes âgées de 50 à 72 ans dans le Libournais." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M082.
Повний текст джерелаPerez-Ellis, Carole. "Apports et limites des analyses coût-efficacité dans le développement des innovations biomédicales : l'exemple du Trastuzumab dans le cancer du sein." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20714.
Повний текст джерелаCléau, Hélène. "Savoirs et soin. L'interaction patient-médecin dans le cadre du traitement du cancer de la prostate." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1023.
Повний текст джерелаTreatments for prostate cancer have led us to analyze how knowledge can be produced in cancer research. The different treatment options offered to the patient directly originate from scientific knowledge. At that point already, one can question the patient’s participation to the choice of his treatment. The patient is a figure who is socially constructed and medically produced. This figure only becomes significant in regard to the doctor’s professional role. The relation between those two actors – doctor and patient – has to be replaced in its context of a social structure of care. Social situation instituted from the necessary of care, as an answer to human suffering, the analysis shows the tensions that arise within the professional group of doctors. Issues of legitimacy and expertise have revealed the rivalry between urologists and oncologists. That rivalry shows mostly through the treatments which are offered. The knowledge used to legitimate one option or the other varies and is not exclusively scientific. Different bodies of knowledge take priority according to the survival (goal). Moreover those medical bodies of knowledge are not understood in the same way for each patient, as they themselves hold particular knowledge about care/cure. In the end, it appears the pieces of knowledge about cure/care inherently belong to different social worlds that feed from each other, and those different bodies of knowledge seek to make sense of illness
Vialard, Lucie. "Accès aux soins et parcours thérapeutiques du cancer du sein : l’exemple de la région Ile-de-France." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100130.
Повний текст джерелаBreast cancer is the most frequent cancer for women in France. It has now been demonstrated that the risk factors for reporting and dying from this cancer, for participating in screening and prevention programs as well as for accessing quality care, depend on social characteristics. The existence of geographical disparities in incidence, screening participation and mortality has also been documented, depending on where women live. The objective of this research is to analyse the construction of inequalities in access to care during the period of the breast cancer healthcare pathway, in the vast urban area of the region of Paris (France). This is the first research in health geography to simultaneously question the roles of the individual characteristics of women (recorded in the anonymized databases of the French Health Insurance) and the urban dynamics specific to their residential environment, in the genesis of the inequality process in the treatment of breast cancer. The results highlight spatial disparities in the treatment sequences of women treated for invasive cancer. Other disparities also exist for access to surgical innovation, out-of-pocket expenses and delays in access to adjuvant treatment. Finally, our results show the existence of geographical inequalities in access to supportive care and quality of life during the healthcare pathway of breast cancer, when women reside far from the care centre and are cared for the entire healthcare pathway in this hospital
Le, Corroller-Soriano Anne-Gaëlle. "Apports et limites de l'évaluation économique des innovations biomédicales : l'exemple de la thérapie cellulaire en cancérologie." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020048.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis studies how public economics tools (mainly the cost-benefit analysis) can be used for the evaluation of biomedical innovations and for the optimisation of their technological diffusion. In a first part, we discuss the main methodological questions of the application of different tools, based on the cost-benefit analysis, in the health care field, and more precisely on the field of biomedical innovations. In a second part, we present different empirical works about the economic evaluation of the peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. The pbpc transplantation is a major innovation in the field of cell therapy for the treatment of cancer. The empirical works try to illustrate the methodological questions raised in the first part. Our research programme leads to question the foundation of cost-benefit analysis and its relationship with cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses. The main interest of cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-utility analysis for our empirical work was to allowed early evaluations based on surrogate endpoints. Early economic evaluation can give early economic arguments that can be used in the decision making process of the adoption of an innovation. We show, with the example of pbpc transplantation that economic evaluation can interact with the diffusion of a biomedical innovation, if it is realised early in the development and diffusion process. The empirical works presented in this thesis were realised in the context of a very close collaboration with biologists and clinicians. We hope that the more general lessons coming from this experience will contribute to a reconciliation of economic analysis and medical practice
Alami, Omar. "Oxyde de graphène fonctionnalisés par des dendrons et dendrimères pour des applications en oncologie." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU30086.
Повний текст джерелаGraphene, a monolayer of carbon atoms densely packed in a honeycomb lattice, was first isolated in 2004. In recent years, research on graphene and its derivatives has generated considerable interest in a wide range of research activities thanks to its interesting properties. The easiest and most versatile way to obtain graphene-based nanocomposites is to oxidize natural graphite to obtain graphene oxide (GO), a material with a surface rich in modifiable chemical functions. Graphene oxide nanocomposites have been synthesized for potential applications in electronics, energy storage, catalysis and sorption, gas storage, separation and detection as well as in the biomedical field. Dendrimers are particularly advantageous macromolecules for a very large number of applications in extremely varied fields. This interest resides essentially in their properties of cooperativity and multivalence, as well as in their very high capacity for encapsulation or fixing of small molecules, and this in a volume of nanometric size. This structural characteristic is the consequence of their unique branched architecture containing a central core and having many peripheral functions. Dendrimers are very interesting tools for the delivery of drugs and nucleic acids. In this work we will develop simple approaches to decorate the surface of graphene oxide with phosphorus dondron and dendrimers in order to create new hybrid materials with new properties. First, the synthesis of classical phosphorus dendrimers and of AB5 dendrons will be carried out, followed by the grafting of the different monomers on their surface. In parallel the preparation of graphene oxide (GO) as well as the modification of the GO surface with different methods will be carried out, and finally the grafting of the different dendrons on the platform of graphene oxide will afford new hybrid materials that will be biologically tested
Rotonda, Christine. "Qualité de vie et fatigue en cancérologie : cancer colorectal et cancer du sein." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10013/document.
Повний текст джерелаSince 2004, cancer is the leading cause of death in France. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is now considered an important endpoint in cancer clinical trials. To study the Quality of Life (QoL) of a group of patients affected by the same disease or receiving the same treatment and to make comparisons, standardized instruments and a well designed study are necessary and end in a statistical evaluation allowing a rigorous appreciation. We tried to approach these two points by a methodological work which consisted to test the psychometric properties of two French colorectal cancer (CRC) specific QoL questionnaires: the QLQ-CR38 and the FACT-C and by a thematic work with the development of a longitudinal study with invasive breast cancer (BC) patients (FATSEIN study).The first study confirmed the value of the FACT-C and suggested some limits of the QLQ-CR38 for patients with CRC. The purpose of the FATSEIN study was to identify factors associated with cancer-related fatigue before, during and after adjuvant treatment for invasive BC. Patients completed 3 questionnaires (fatigue, QoL and anxiety) at several times. Fatigue is considered like a major disturbing side effect. In addition, the impact of fatigue on QoL is considerable. So, it was important to take into account better this symptom which was neglected for a long time. These results, their implication in research and clinical practice are discussed
Boussemart, Lise. "Inhibiteurs de BRAF dans le traitement du cancer : Contribution à l’étude des mécanismes de résistance et des effets secondaires paradoxaux." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T102/document.
Повний текст джерелаBRAFV600- inhibitors, including vemurafenib, are efficient against tumors harboring this MAPK pathway activating mutation, which is the case of ~50% of melanomas. But most of the patients under treatment progress within a year, and develop paradoxical secondary tumors. Most resistance mechanisms to drugs that target the BRAF and/or MEK kinases in cancer rely on reactivation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signal transduction pathway (ERK-dependent), on activation of the alternative PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway (ERK-independent) or on modulation of the caspase-dependent apoptotic cascade. All three pathways converge to regulate the formation of the eIF4F translation initiation complex that binds to the 7-methyl-guanine cap at the 5’ end of mRNAs, thereby modulating mRNA translation of specific mRNAs. We show here that persistent formation of the eIF4F complex, comprising the eIF4E cap binding protein, the eIF4G scaffolding protein and the eIF4A RNA helicase, is associated with resistance to anti-BRAF, anti-MEK and to anti-BRAF + anti-MEK combinations in BRAFV600- mutant melanoma, colon and thyroid cell lines. Unresponsiveness to treatment and maintenance of eIF4F complex formation is associated with either reactivation of MAPK signaling or absence of ERK-independent decreased phosphorylation of the inhibitory eiF4E binding protein 4EBP1 or increased pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 modifying factor (BMF)-dependent degradation of eIF4G. Development of an in situ method shows by proximity ligation assay (PLA) that the formation of the eIF4F complex is decreased in tumors responding to anti-BRAF therapy and increased in resistant metastases. Strikingly, inhibiting the eIF4F complex, either by blocking the eIF4E-eIF4G interaction or by targeting eIF4A with small compounds is synergistic with BRAFV600- inhibition. The other main problem arising during anti-BRAF treatment is the frequent induction of secondary cutaneous and extra-cutaneous tumors, through the formation of BRAF-CRAF dimers that we visualized in vivo for the first time. In conclusion, we have identified by PLA a novel biomarker of resistance against BRAF inhibitors, which is also a promising therapeutic target. Combinations of drugs targeting BRAF (and/or MEK) and eIF4F may overcome most of the resistance mechanisms arising in BRAFV600- cancers. In parallel, we established a BRAF-CRAF PLA method in paradoxical secondary tumors induced by BRAF inhibitors, leading to the identification of several subpopulations more at risk of developing this type of tumors
Pousson, Jeanna-Eve. "Déterminants du recours au dépistage du cancer du col de l'utérus chez les femmes obèses The determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake in women with obesity : application of the Andersen's behavioral model to the CONSTANCES survey Patterns of gynaecological check-up and their association with body mass index within the CONSTANCES cohort." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS035.
Повний текст джерелаUsing data from the Constances cohort, this work allowed to better understand the cervical cancer screening (CCS) uptake amongst obese women by determining the precise role played by their health status and healthcare use, including primary care follow-up and gyneacological check-up. We highlighted that the health status of obese women played a complex role in their participation in CCS: it could be a barrier or a lever. Existing comorbidities were linked to better CCS. This is the result of a quality primary care monitoring but also probably of the woman’s desire to take care of her health. A severe obesity was linked to a lower participation in CCS, whether the woman visited a gynaecologist or not. The gynaecological check-up (characterized with gynaecological cancers screening uptake and visits to the gynaecologist over four years) was described among all women. While normal weight women were often more involved in overscreening, obese women’s gynaecological check-up was more heterogeneous. The differences in the patterns according to BMI were in part explained by the lower socioeconomic situation of obese women when compared to the other women
Scailteux, Lucie-Marie. "Evaluation de la sécurité d’emploi des médicaments modulant les androgènes dans les maladies prostatiques, une approche pharmaco-épidémiologique." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B006.
Повний текст джерелаContext: In France, prostate cancer is a frequent disease in elderly men, and the first cause of cancer. It is associated with a 70 % survival at 10 years. Different therapeutics options are recommended in prostate cancer management, including hormonotherapy (or androgen deprivation therapy, ADT). Safety of ADT modalities is challenged since mid of 2000’s when some authors evoked an increased cardiovascular risk in ADT-treated patients compared to non-treated patients. Results of these studies appeared conflicting, and heterogeneity of cardiovascular risk across ADT modalities was evoked but not directly investigated. Objective: Our aim was to assess the hypothesis of qualitative heterogeneity across the different ADT modalities used for prostate cancer. Methods: Through a new approach compared to previously published studies, we firstly conducted a direct and network meta-analysis of both randomized controlled trials and observational studies, “METADTCR”, comparing ischemic cardiovascular morbidity, mortality and overall death across the different ADT modalities. Secondly, we set up a population-based cohort study, “ADTCR”, using French Health Insurance database (SNIIRAM/DCIR) linked to hospital reimbursement data (PMSI), including men with prostate cancer who initiated an ADT, and measuring the occurrence of ischemic diseases (myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke). Results – Conclusion: As regards METADTCR, randomized controlled trials gave too few data related to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; observational studies meta-analysis suffered from substantial inconsistency and eventually the question of cardiovascular risk morbidity and mortality remained. In ADTCR, a heterogeneous risk of ischemic events was observed across ADT modalities: compared to GnRH agonists, an increased risk of ischemic events was identified with combined androgen blockade, and a decrease risk with anti-androgen alone. The most interesting comparison concerned GnRH antagonist: no statistically significant difference was observed. Pharmacological plausibility for a potential increased risk of ischemic events between GnRH agonists and antagonist is not convincing to date and the hypothesis of no risk difference might be true. These results add valuable information to the French and European guidelines for prostate cancer management as regards the safety profile of the different ADT modalities in term of short term ischemic events onset (< 2 years)
Galvin, Angeline. "Accès aux soins et pronostic des personnes âgées atteintes d’un cancer : analyse des déterminants à partir de données issues de registres des cancers et de cohortes en Gironde." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0900/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe growing incidence of cancer associated to an aging population represents an epidemiologic reality that requires questioning access to care and prognosis in elderly with cancer, for which disparities have been highlighted. However, generally speaking, studies are limited in that they overlook geriatric-specific factors. The aim of this work was to study sociodemographic, socioeconomic and clinical determinants of access to care (cancer stage, cancer treatment) and prognosis (functional decline, survival) in elderly cancer patients. This research project has relied on data from cancer registries and three elderly cohort studies in the French department of Gironde (486 patients aged 65 and over from 2005 to 2014). The cohorts provided data such as education level, income, medication, dependency and dementia. Depending on the aim, we used different statistical methods to analyze different types of data and outcomes (logistic regression, multi-level model, multi-state model, Cox model). More than half of our population was aged 80 and over, male and had high education degrees. First, we studied determinants of access to care. No determinant of advance stage at diagnosis was found, but low education was close to significance for advanced stage (p=0.067). Concerning cancer treatment administration, advanced stage at diagnosis (p=0.003) and diagnosis of dementia (p=0.011) were associated with a lower risk of treatment administration. Second, we studied determinants of prognosis. Older old had higher risk of functional decline (p<0.001), regardless of the outcome. Subjects with low education (p=0.027), taking more than six daily drugs (0.047), presenting diagnosed dementia (p<0.001) or those with advanced cancer stage at diagnosis had higher risk of functional decline, results depending on outcome. At last, overall survival at 12, 24 and 36 months was 66, 55 and 48%, respectively. Risk of death was higher in men (p=0.019), in patients with advanced stage at diagnosis (p<0.001) or without treatment (p<0.001) in current and former smokers (p=0.019) and in dependent elderly patients (p<0.001). In addition to classical determinants of access to care and prognosis in cancer, we demonstrated the impact of cognitive impairment on treatment administration or functional prognosis, and that of dependency on survival. . It appears essential to consider geriatric specific factors in studies on the elderly with cancer population. The causality between health determinants is particularly interesting in the elderly as well as in the cancer populations
Hébert, Guillaume. "Développement d'un outil d'évaluation et de suivi de l’iatrogénie médicamenteuse en cancérologie : "Trigger Tool" Evaluating iatrogenic prescribing: Development of an oncology-focused trigger tool Development of a 'ready-to-use' tool that includes preventability, for the assessment of adverse drug events in oncology." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS430.
Повний текст джерелаCancer and its therapies are strong sources of adverse events (AEs) including those drugs related (ADE). Their causes are multiple, including co-morbidities, drug toxicity, polypharmacy, also human and organizational factors. In oncology, 3 phenomena are superimposed: a large number of drugs are at risk (narrow therapeutic index, risky administration), drug innovation is technical and frequent, and therapeutic protocols are complex. There is little data in the world and none in France about oncology iatrogenia. Many analysis methods of ADE exist but none fulfills the objective of continuous monitoring. The Trigger Tool seems to be the best candidate to develop a specific tool for these risks and the overall population. The aim of this thesis is to develop a Trigger Tool variant of evaluation and follow-up of the iatrogenic effects of medication in oncology
Lurkin, Antoine. "Pratiques médicales et référentiels en cancérologie, différentes méthodes d’évaluation : exemples du cancer du sein, du colon et des sarcomes." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10329.
Повний текст джерелаObservation is the basis of medical practice: clinical observation of the patient, epidemiological observation of a population, and so on… the analysis of practices observes the plurality of attitudes physicians take when they face a clinical situation. An acknowledged scientific fact given meets dozen of practical attitudes. The analysis of these practices describes their distribution and variations and try to explain the causes. In France, the daily clinical practice is still a sector on which few studied have been realized. If patients' characteristics can't explain variations, the causes of these variations may be found on the medical side. Medical practice variations can also be found in oncology, one of the studied domains. Causes of variations of practices in this domain can be numerous and linked to physicians, to their structures or to the region hospital care .policy. The postulate is that the harmonization of management and treatment of patients can act up on their survival. That is the reason why this work get interested in comparing the management of patients with frequent cancers (breast and colon) to rare cancers (sarcomas) in the Rhône-Alpes region. We showed, through prospective and retrospective studies, the role of a thesaurus and of its implementation in medical practices and their modifications. We have also developed a computing tool in decision-making algorithm form which could show if need be if some steps of clinical audit could be automated. The comparison between the assessment of medical practice made by an assessor or made thanks to the algorithms allowed us to conclude on the importance of reproducibility of decisions and on the contribution of the computerization of these processes. We also showed the necessity for tumours samples to be reviewed by an expert in a rare and difficult cancerous pathology. We could therefore specify the new incidence of sarcomas in the Rhône-Alpes region
Niemier, Jean-Yves. "Détermination et amélioration des critères décisionnels de prise en charge des personnes âgées atteintes de cancer." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0237.
Повний текст джерелаObjective : To identify changes in the decision-making criteria of general ractitioners and oncologists concerning the care of elderly cancer patients after one year of corrective measures for care practices in the Lorraine region, France. Methods : In 2014, a postal mail questionnaire was sent to all GPs and oncologists in the Lorraine region. This questionnaire was designed to identify physicians decision-making criteria. It was based on the results of a literature review and on existing guidelines. During one year, corrective measures were implemented to improve practices, especially training sessions for physicians and production of specific tools including a guide to the accepted ideas in geriatric oncology. In 2015, the same questionnaire was resent to the same medical population to compare the answers. We also performed a complementary qualitative study of general practitioners and elderly people in charge of oncogeriatric consultation. Results : In 2014, 535 questionnaires were returned out of 2925 sent and in 2015, 480 were returned out of 2987 sent. Our results show for the first time that there exists a significant difference in the overall decision criteria between the two survey periods. Physicians tend to consider the principal decision criteria to be less important after the training period. GPs and oncologists express the importance of the interval before care begins. The qualitative study confirms this data, with a need for training. Patients express significant satisfaction with their care pathway. Conclusion : Training and information sessions for physicians remain the most important tool for improving care practices. The analysis of our data makes it possible to further integrate the patient into the care path, which remains a public health issue in terms of cost and organization
Lemonnier, Irawati. "Stratégies diagnostiques et qualité de vie en oncologie bronchopulmonaire - Programme d'évaluation de la TEP dans l'inter-région Grand-Est." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10001/document.
Повний текст джерелаBackground: The Positron Emission Tomography was installed in 2003 in the North-eastern region of France. Previous studies showed its diagnostic performance and its benefices in avoiding: surgical exploratory interventions proved to be unnecessary a posteriori (for example, thoracotomy or laparotomy with painful consequences), and certain complementary imaging tests or unnecessary functional explorations. Objectives : 1) to evaluate changes in diagnostic strategies of Solitary Pulmonary Nodule (SPN) and Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) induced by the implantation of PET in the Northeastern region of France ; 2) to mesure the impact of these changes on the health related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with SPN and NSCLC; and 3) to study the prognostic role of the HRQoL on the survival of patients with NSCLC.Methodes: An observational, prospective, multi-center design was applied. Two cohorts « Before (2001 - 2002) - After (2004 - 2005) » the PET implantation in the regions were settled up. Data collected included: patients' socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, the diagnostic tests and then treatments that were carried out during 6 months after the end of the diagnostic process. Two HRQoL questionnaires (the generic questionnaire SF-36 and the cancer specific one QLQ-C30) were distributed at 3 and 6 months after the end of the diagnostic process.Results:1) The number of diagnostic tests of patients with SPN decreased significantly from a mean of 4 in the before-PET to 3 tests in the after-PET period. Meanwhile, there was not any difference of the frequency of invasive tests considered unnecessary aposteriori for patients with benign SPN (47% before-PET versus 49% after-PET period). One year after its installation, the PET was used in 11 % of diagnostic strategies. In 7.7% of cases it was used after the bronchoscopy. 2) A comparison of the QoL with that of the French general population revealed that patients with SPN, whatever the diagnosis, benign or malignant, had worse mean scores (-8 to -32 points, p<0.001) compared to the general population with similar age and sex. A difference of 24, 30 and 32 points were observed in the "physical functioning", "emotional role" and "physical role" (p<0.001). The scores of patients with benign nodule were higher than those of malignant, especially on "social functioning", "physical role", and "emotional role" (+10, +14 and +18 points respectively, p=0.02 to 0.04). 3) Good scores on "physical functioning" of SF-36 (HR=0.78; CI=0.68 - 0.90; p<0.001) as well as "role functioning" of QLQ-C30 (HR=0.53; CI=0.59 - 0.89; p=0.003) were related to a better survival. Higher symptoms of constipation (HR=1.18; CI=1.005-1.38; p=0.04) in QLQ-C30 were associated to a worse one. While being a woman was associated to a better survival (HR=0.55 ; CI=0,33 - 0,94 ; p=0,04), the stage III and IV of the NSCLC was related to a lower one (HR=1,72 ; CI=1,16 ? 2,57 ; p=0,007) .Conclusion: The diagnostic strategies of SPN changed after PET was available for medical practice. This study showed the negative impact of SPN to patients' HRQoL. It indicates the domains in which health practitioners could interfere in order to improve the management of these diseases, because this study confirmed previous studies in pulmonary oncology, that patients' QoL is related to the survival