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1
Long, Katie H., Kristine R. McLellan, Maria Boyarinova, and Sliman J. Bensmaia. "Proprioceptive sensitivity to imposed finger deflections." Journal of Neurophysiology 127, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00513.2021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Manual dexterity and stereognosis are supported by two exquisite sensory systems, namely touch and proprioception. Here, we measure the sensitivity of hand proprioception and show that humans can sense the posture and movements of the fingers with great accuracy. We also show that application of a skin vibration does not impair sensitivity, suggesting that proprioceptive acuity relies primarily on receptors in the muscles (and possibly tendons) rather than the skin.
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Sigmundsson, H., H. T. A. Whiting, and J. M. Loftesnes. "Development of proprioceptive sensitivity." Experimental Brain Research 135, no. 3 (November 15, 2000): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210000531.
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Henry, Mélanie, and Stéphane Baudry. "Age-related changes in leg proprioception: implications for postural control." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00067.2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In addition to being a prerequisite for many activities of daily living, the ability to maintain steady upright standing is a relevant model to study sensorimotor integrative function. Upright standing requires managing multimodal sensory inputs to produce finely tuned motor output that can be adjusted to accommodate changes in standing conditions and environment. The sensory information used for postural control mainly arises from the vestibular system of the inner ear, vision, and proprioception. Proprioception (sense of body position and movement) encompasses signals from mechanoreceptors (proprioceptors) located in muscles, tendons, and joint capsules. There is general agreement that proprioception signals from leg muscles provide the primary source of information for postural control. This is because of their exquisite sensitivity to detect body sway during unperturbed upright standing that mainly results from variations in leg muscle length induced by rotations around the ankle joint. However, aging is associated with alterations of muscle spindles and their neural pathways, which induce a decrease in the sensitivity, acuity, and integration of the proprioceptive signal. These alterations promote changes in postural control that reduce its efficiency and thereby may have deleterious consequences for the functional independence of an individual. This narrative review provides an overview of how aging alters the proprioceptive signal from the legs and presents compelling evidence that these changes modify the neural control of upright standing.
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Clayton, Holly A., Erin K. Cressman, and Denise Y. P. Henriques. "Proprioceptive sensitivity in Ehlers–Danlos syndrome patients." Experimental Brain Research 230, no. 3 (August 3, 2013): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-013-3656-4.
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Pavlova, O. G., V. Yu Roschin, M. V. Sidorova, V. A. Selionov, E. A. Nikolaev, S. E. Khatkova, and G. E. Ivanova. "Objective Evaluation of Proprioceptive Perception of Single-Joint Arm Movements in Patients with Hemiparesis of Central Genesis." Bulletin of Restorative Medicine 99, no. 5 (October 29, 2020): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2020-99-5-79-87.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aim. Objective evaluation of proprioceptive perception of single-joint movements of the paretic arm in patients with unilateral brain damage using the method developed by us. Materials and Methods. Proprioceptive perception of pronation-supination of the forearm, flexion-extension in the shoulder, elbow and wrist joints and abduction-adduction in the shoulder and wrist joints was tested in 23 patients with right-sided and 17 patients with left-sided brain damage. The subject with his eyes closed was made to perform a series of passive cyclical test movements, during which he had to copy them with active movements of the other arm. Joint angles were recorded in the test joint and the same joint ofthe other arm. The integrity of proprioceptive sensitivity was judged by the degree of similarity between “active” and “passive” movements estimated by means of objective qualitative and quantitative indicators. Results. Proprioceptive deficiency was detected in 83% of patients with lesion in the right and in 71% of patients with lesion inthe left hemisphere, while the proportion of test movements that revealed a violation of proprioceptive perception was 1.4 times higher in the right-hemisphere patients than in the left-hemisphere patients. A significant part of proprioceptive impairments, – 80% when testing movements of more distal and 29% – proximal segments of the arm, was detected by the presence of qualitative copying errors. Conclusions. The method used made it possible to identify proprioceptive deficits in more than half of patients with damage to both the right and left hemispheres. Proprioceptive perception of movements of the distal arm segment suffered more often and was more pronounced than the proximal one. A significant part of distal segment proprioception disorders manifested themselves in the form of gross qualitative copying errors, which can be detected visually during testing, even without the use of recording equipment.
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Skandalis, Dimitri A., Elias T. Lunsford, and James C. Liao. "Corollary discharge enables proprioception from lateral line sensory feedback." PLOS Biology 19, no. 10 (October 11, 2021): e3001420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001420.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Animals modulate sensory processing in concert with motor actions. Parallel copies of motor signals, called corollary discharge (CD), prepare the nervous system to process the mixture of externally and self-generated (reafferent) feedback that arises during locomotion. Commonly, CD in the peripheral nervous system cancels reafference to protect sensors and the central nervous system from being fatigued and overwhelmed by self-generated feedback. However, cancellation also limits the feedback that contributes to an animal’s awareness of its body position and motion within the environment, the sense of proprioception. We propose that, rather than cancellation, CD to the fish lateral line organ restructures reafference to maximize proprioceptive information content. Fishes’ undulatory body motions induce reafferent feedback that can encode the body’s instantaneous configuration with respect to fluid flows. We combined experimental and computational analyses of swimming biomechanics and hair cell physiology to develop a neuromechanical model of how fish can track peak body curvature, a key signature of axial undulatory locomotion. Without CD, this computation would be challenged by sensory adaptation, typified by decaying sensitivity and phase distortions with respect to an input stimulus. We find that CD interacts synergistically with sensor polarization to sharpen sensitivity along sensors’ preferred axes. The sharpening of sensitivity regulates spiking to a narrow interval coinciding with peak reafferent stimulation, which prevents adaptation and homogenizes the otherwise variable sensor output. Our integrative model reveals a vital role of CD for ensuring precise proprioceptive feedback during undulatory locomotion, which we term external proprioception.
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Ettinger, Lucas R., Matthew Shapiro, and Andrew Karduna. "Subacromial Anesthetics Increase Proprioceptive Deficit in the Shoulder and Elbow in Patients With Subacromial Impingement Syndrome." Clinical Medicine Insights: Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders 10 (January 1, 2017): 117954411771319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179544117713196.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Shoulder proprioception gives information regarding arm joint position and movement direction. Several studies have investigated shoulder proprioceptive acuity in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS); however, differences in protocols and between-subjects designs have limited scientific inferences regarding proprioception and SIS. We aimed to determine within-subject differences in shoulder and elbow proprioceptive acuity in 17 patients with stage 2 SIS following treatment of a local anesthetic injection. In addition, we used 17 healthy, age-, sex-, and arm dominance–matched controls to determine the magnitude of differences after treatment. Joint position sense (JPS) was measured before and after treatment in both groups in the sagittal plane for the shoulder and elbow. Our results indicate that patients with SIS have less sensitivity to angular position and tended to overshoot their targets with greater variability during angle-matching tasks for the shoulder (1.8° difference, P = .042) and elbow (5.6° difference, P = .001) than controls. The disparities in JPS found in patients with SIS were not resolved following subacromial injection; in fact, the magnitude of the errors increased after treatment where postinjection errors were significantly greater ( P = .046) than controls, with an average difference of 2.4°. These findings suggest that patients with SIS have decrements in either the signaling or processing of proprioceptive information and may use pain to reduce these inequalities.
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Hesse, C., S. Drane, E. Seiss, A. Wing, and P. Praamstra. "Proprioceptive SEPs: Origin and sensitivity to movement parameters." NeuroImage 13, no. 6 (June 2001): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(01)92504-2.
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Versteeg, Christopher, Joshua M. Rosenow, Sliman J. Bensmaia, and Lee E. Miller. "Encoding of limb state by single neurons in the cuneate nucleus of awake monkeys." Journal of Neurophysiology 126, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 693–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00568.2020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The cuneate nucleus (CN) is the somatosensory gateway into the brain, and only recently has it been possible to record these signals from an awake animal. We recorded single CN neurons in monkeys. Proprioceptive CN neurons appear to receive input from very few muscles, and their sensitivity to movement changes reliably during reaching relative to passive arm perturbations. Sensitivity is generally increased, but not exclusively so, as though CN “spotlights” critical proprioceptive information during reaching.
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Marko, Mollie K., Adrian M. Haith, Michelle D. Harran, and Reza Shadmehr. "Sensitivity to prediction error in reach adaptation." Journal of Neurophysiology 108, no. 6 (September 15, 2012): 1752–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00177.2012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It has been proposed that the brain predicts the sensory consequences of a movement and compares it to the actual sensory feedback. When the two differ, an error signal is formed, driving adaptation. How does an error in one trial alter performance in the subsequent trial? Here we show that the sensitivity to error is not constant but declines as a function of error magnitude. That is, one learns relatively less from large errors compared with small errors. We performed an experiment in which humans made reaching movements and randomly experienced an error in both their visual and proprioceptive feedback. Proprioceptive errors were created with force fields, and visual errors were formed by perturbing the cursor trajectory to create a visual error that was smaller, the same size, or larger than the proprioceptive error. We measured single-trial adaptation and calculated sensitivity to error, i.e., the ratio of the trial-to-trial change in motor commands to error size. We found that for both sensory modalities sensitivity decreased with increasing error size. A reanalysis of a number of previously published psychophysical results also exhibited this feature. Finally, we asked how the brain might encode sensitivity to error. We reanalyzed previously published probabilities of cerebellar complex spikes (CSs) and found that this probability declined with increasing error size. From this we posit that a CS may be representative of the sensitivity to error, and not error itself, a hypothesis that may explain conflicting reports about CSs and their relationship to error.
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Cordeiro, Renata Cereda, José Roberto Jardim, Monica Rodrigues Perracini, and Luiz Roberto Ramos. "Factors associated with functional balance and mobility among elderly diabetic outpatients." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 53, no. 7 (October 2009): 834–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302009000700007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
OBJECTIVES: To characterize balance and mobility among diabetic elderly outpatients and to estimate the extent to which functional balance and mobility abnormalities can be influenced by sociodemographic, clinical and other functional factors in a cross-sectional study. METHODS: Ninety-one elderly (65+ years) outpatients were assessed. Mobility was evaluated by the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) and the balance, by the Berg Balance Scale (BS). RESULTS: TUGT mean score was 15.65 ± 5.9 seconds and BS mean score was 49.31 ± 7.3 points. Using linear regression analysis (α < 0.05), significant and independent positive relationships were obtained between TUGT and age, daily activities (ADL/IADL), step strategy, and proprioceptive sensitivity. Factors negatively associated with BS were: ADL/IADL, step strategy, proprioceptive sensitivity, orthostatic hypotension (OH) and conflictive sensory conditions. CONCLUSION: Elderly diabetic outpatients show abnormal balance and mobility related mainly to advanced age, disability, absence of step strategy, absence of proprioceptive sensitivity and presence of OH.
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Khat’kova, S. E., E. A. Nikolaev, O. A. Pogorel’tseva, O. G. Pavlova, V. Y. Roschin, and V. V. Kotlyarov. "Motor rehabilitation of the spastic paresis and proprioceptive disorders of the upper limb after focal CNS lesion (case report)." Russian Medical Inquiry 5, no. 10 (2021): 674–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-10-674-682.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Motor disorders (i.e., spastic paresis of the upper limb) are among the most common complications of a stroke. Motor deficiency (muscle weakness/paresis), increased muscle tone, proprioceptive loss, and lesions of muscles, joints, and surrounding tissues develop in the limb. As a result, its functional rehabilitation is a challenging, long-term, and labor-intensive process. This paper addresses factors that directly affect the functional recovery of the upper limb after stroke. The authors emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis of all lesions using assessment scales, optimal rehabilitation programs, including techniques to recover sensitivity and muscle tone, and current rehabilitation techniques with biofeedback. This rehabilitation allows for adapting patients (particularly younger patients of working age) to society and daily life. This case report describes a 22-year-old man with cerebral infarction in the right temporoparietal in whom relevant diagnostic tools and personalized rehabilitation programs provided an excellent functional outcome. These methods are crucial for motor rehabilitation of patients with spastic paresis of the upper limb and proprioceptive disorders after focal CNS lesion. KEYWORDS: stroke, paresis, spasticity, prognosis, proprioception, rehabilitation, botulinum toxin therapy, biofeedback. FOR CITATION: Khat’kova S.E., Nikolaev E.A., Pogorel’tseva O.A. et al. Motor rehabilitation of the spastic paresis and proprioceptive disorders of the upper limb after focal CNS lesion (case report). Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(10):674–682 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821- 2021-5-10-674-682.
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Pasma, J. H., T. A. Boonstra, S. F. Campfens, A. C. Schouten, and H. Van der Kooij. "Sensory reweighting of proprioceptive information of the left and right leg during human balance control." Journal of Neurophysiology 108, no. 4 (August 15, 2012): 1138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01008.2011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To keep balance, information from different sensory systems is integrated to generate corrective torques. Current literature suggests that this information is combined according to the sensory reweighting hypothesis, i.e., more reliable information is weighted more strongly than less reliable information. In this approach, no distinction has been made between the contributions of both legs. In this study, we investigated how proprioceptive information from both legs is combined to maintain upright stance. Healthy subjects maintained balance with eyes closed while proprioceptive information of each leg was perturbed independently by continuous rotations of the support surfaces (SS) and the human body by platform translation. Two conditions were tested: perturbation amplitude of one SS was increased over trials while the other SS 1) did not move or 2) was perturbed with constant amplitude. With the use of system identification techniques, the response of the ankle torques to the perturbation amplitudes (i.e., the torque sensitivity functions) was determined and how much each leg contributed to stabilize stance (i.e., stabilizing mechanisms) was estimated. Increased amplitude of one SS resulted in a decreased torque sensitivity. The torque sensitivity to the constant perturbed SS showed no significant differences. The properties of the stabilizing mechanisms remained constant during perturbations of each SS. This study demonstrates that proprioceptive information from each leg is weighted independently and that the weight decreases with perturbation amplitude. Weighting of proprioceptive information of one leg has no influence on the weight of the proprioceptive information of the other leg. According to the sensory reweighting hypothesis, vestibular information must be up-weighted, because closing the eyes eliminates visual information.
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Soltys, Joseph S., and Sara E. Wilson. "Directional Sensitivity of Velocity Sense in the Lumbar Spine." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 24, no. 3 (August 2008): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.24.3.244.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Regulating spinal motion requires proprioceptive feedback. While studies have investigated the sensing of static lumbar postures, few have investigated sensing lumbar movement speed. In this study, proprioceptive contributions to lateral trunk motion were examined during paraspinal muscle vibration. Seventeen healthy subjects performed lateral trunk flexion movements while lying prone with pelvis fixed. A 44.5-Hz vibratory stimulus was applied to the paraspinal muscles at the L3 level. Subjects attempted to match target paces of 9.5, 13.5, and 17.5 deg/s with and without paraspinal muscle vibration. Vibration of the paraspinal musculature was found to result in slower overall lateral flexion. This effect was found to have a greater influence in the difference of directional velocities with vibration applied to the left musculature. These changes reflect the sensitivity of lumbar velocity sense to applied vibration leading to the perception of faster muscle lengthening and ultimately resulting in slower movement velocities. This suggests that muscle spindle organs modulate the ability to sense velocity of motion and are important in the control of dynamic motion of the spine.
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Fischer-Rasmussen, T., and P. E. Jensen. "Proprioceptive sensitivity and performance in anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee joints." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 10, no. 2 (April 2000): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0838.2000.010002085.x.
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Hospod, V., J. M. Aimonetti, J. P. Roll, and E. Ribot-Ciscar. "Changes in Human Muscle Spindle Sensitivity during a Proprioceptive Attention Task." Journal of Neuroscience 27, no. 19 (May 9, 2007): 5172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0572-07.2007.
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Pasma, J. H., D. Engelhart, A. B. Maier, A. C. Schouten, H. van der Kooij, and C. G. M. Meskers. "Changes in sensory reweighting of proprioceptive information during standing balance with age and disease." Journal of Neurophysiology 114, no. 6 (December 1, 2015): 3220–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00414.2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With sensory reweighting, reliable sensory information is selected over unreliable information during balance by dynamically combining this information. We used system identification techniques to show the weight and the adaptive process of weight change of proprioceptive information during standing balance with age and specific diseases. Ten healthy young subjects (aged between 20 and 30 yr) and 44 elderly subjects (aged above 65 yr) encompassing 10 healthy elderly, 10 with cataract, 10 with polyneuropathy, and 14 with impaired balance, participated in the study. During stance, proprioceptive information of the ankles was disturbed by rotation of the support surface with specific frequency content where disturbance amplitude increased over trials. Body sway and reactive ankle torque were measured to determine sensitivity functions of these responses to the disturbance amplitude. Model fits resulted in a proprioceptive weight (changing over trials), time delay, force feedback, reflexive stiffness, and damping. The proprioceptive weight was higher in healthy elderly compared with young subjects and higher in elderly subjects with cataract and with impaired balance compared with healthy elderly subjects. Proprioceptive weight decreased with increasing disturbance amplitude; decrease was similar in all groups. In all groups, the time delay was higher and the reflexive stiffness was lower compared with young or healthy elderly subjects. In conclusion, proprioceptive information is weighted more with age and in patients with cataract and impaired balance. With age and specific diseases the time delay was higher and reflexive stiffness was lower. These results illustrate the opportunity to detect the underlying cause of impaired balance in the elderly with system identification.
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Steinberg, Nili, Roger Adams, Moshe Ayalon, Nadav Dotan, Shiri Bretter, and Gordon Waddington. "Recent Ankle Injury, Sport Participation Level, and Tests of Proprioception." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 28, no. 8 (November 1, 2019): 824–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0164.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: Assessing the effects of ankle injury and sport participation level on ankle proprioceptive sensitivity using a joint position reproduction (JPR) test and an inversion movement extent discrimination test. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Biomechanics lab. Participants: Forty-five student athletes ages 21–30 (mean = 24.8 y). Main Outcome Measures: Participants were tested for ankle inversion sensitivity using 2 devices; movement reproduction error was obtained from JPR in a non-weight-bearing (N-WB) state at 10° and 15° of inversion, and an ankle proprioceptive sensitivity score was obtained from the active movement extent discrimination apparatus (AMEDA), representing the ability to differentiate 5 inversion movement extents between 10.5° and 14.5°, with testing in both N-WB and weight-bearing (WB) states. Results: For the 34 athletes with no ankle injury in the previous 12 months, the sensitivity scores achieved on the AMEDA were significantly higher (P < .01) than those for the 11 athletes with ankle injury, and the injury effect was significantly greater in WB (P = .01). In JPR testing, the 2.96° error of reproduction for athletes with no recent ankle injury was not significantly different from the 3.36° error for those with ankle injury (P = .46). Correlation of current sport participation level with JPR showed less error for higher-level performers (r = .49, P = .001) but no significant relationship to WB or N-WB AMEDA scores (both P > .61). WB AMEDA scores were significantly higher for athletes who had competed at a higher level of sport competition when <18 years old (r = −.57, P < .001). Conclusions: Previous ankle sprains affected proprioceptive scores on the WB AMEDA and N-WB AMEDA tests, indicating the sensitivity of the AMEDA movement discrimination test to the effects of ankle injury. The correlation between JPR scores and current level of sport participation suggests the sensitivity of the JPR test to current ankle use.
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Naz, Erum, Muhammad Sarfaraz, Sana Ambreen, and Navaid us Saba. "EFFECT OF PROPRIOCEPTION REHABILITATION IN ANKLE SPRAIN: SYSTEMIC REVIEW." Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation 1, no. 2 (July 5, 2012): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36283/pjr.zu.1.2/003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BACKGROUND Ankle sprain is one of the most frequent musculoskeletal injuries affecting all age groups. Exercises play an important role to improve joint proprioception and coordination after ankle sprain but the efficacy is still unknown. A systematic review in accordance with PRISMA was performed to evaluate the effects of proprioception rehabilitation for ankle sprains. METHODS Thirteen articles and one review were searched up to March 2012. Randomized controlled trials of ankle sprain were included while postural sway index and pain were the reported outcomes. An analysis was performed based on intervention type, grade of sprain, and control group. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was also conducted with respect to risk of bias, sample size, and result reported. RESULTS 1020 participants included in the review reported marked improvement when compared with other interventions. Risk Ratio (RR) <01, CI 95% was considered low risk of bias. The studies included showed low risk of bias but the benefit of proprioceptive rehabilitation remained significant. Results also revealed proprioception as an add on treatment also improved global symptoms as compared to primary group alone. It was noticed that no study shown adverse effect. CONCLUSIONS Rehabilitation for proprioception is equally effective in improving static and dynamic balance in ankle sprain as a primary intervention and add-on.
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Ackerley, Rochelle, Léonard Samain-Aupic, and Edith Ribot-Ciscar. "Passive Proprioceptive Training Alters the Sensitivity of Muscle Spindles to Imposed Movements." eneuro 9, no. 1 (January 2022): ENEURO.0249–21.2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/eneuro.0249-21.2021.
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Wong, Jeremy D., Elizabeth T. Wilson, and Paul L. Gribble. "Spatially selective enhancement of proprioceptive acuity following motor learning." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 5 (May 2011): 2512–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00949.2010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is well recognized that the brain uses sensory information to accurately produce motor commands. Indeed, most research into the relationship between sensory and motor systems has focused on how sensory information modulates motor function. In contrast, recent studies have begun to investigate the reverse: how sensory and perceptual systems are tuned based on motor function, and specifically motor learning. In the present study we investigated changes to human proprioceptive acuity following recent motor learning. Sensitivity to small displacements of the hand was measured before and after 10 min of motor learning, during which subjects grasped the handle of a robotic arm and guided a cursor to a series of visual targets randomly located within a small workspace region. We used a novel method of assessing proprioceptive acuity that avoids active movement, interhemispheric transfer, and intermodality coordinate transformations. We found that proprioceptive acuity improved following motor learning, but only in the region of the arm's workspace explored during learning. No proprioceptive improvement was observed when motor learning was performed in a different location or when subjects passively experienced limb trajectories matched to those of subjects who actively performed motor learning. Our findings support the idea that sensory changes occur in parallel with changes to motor commands during motor learning.
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Atkins, Devan E., Kimberly L. Bosh, Grace W. Breakfield, Sydney E. Daniels, Makayla J. Devore, Hailey E. Fite, Landys Z. Guo, et al. "The Effect of Calcium Ions on Mechanosensation and Neuronal Activity in Proprioceptive Neurons." NeuroSci 2, no. 4 (October 22, 2021): 353–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/neurosci2040026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Proprioception of all animals is important in being able to have coordinated locomotion. Stretch activated ion channels (SACs) transduce the mechanical force into electrical signals in the proprioceptive sensory endings. The types of SACs vary among sensory neurons in animals as defined by pharmacological, physiological and molecular identification. The chordotonal organs within insects and crustaceans offer a unique ability to investigate proprioceptive function. The effects of the extracellular environment on neuronal activity, as well as the function of associated SACs are easily accessible and viable in minimal saline for ease in experimentation. The effect of extracellular [Ca2+] on membrane properties which affect voltage-sensitivity of ion channels, threshold of action potentials and SACs can be readily addressed in the chordotonal organ in crab limbs. It is of interest to understand how low extracellular [Ca2+] enhances neural activity considering the SACs in the sensory endings could possibly be Ca2+ channels and that all neural activity is blocked with Mn2+. It is suggested that axonal excitability might be affected independent from the SAC activity due to potential presence of calcium activated potassium channels (K(Ca)) and the ability of Ca2+ to block voltage gated Na+ channels in the axons. Separating the role of Ca2+ on the function of the SACs and the excitability of the axons in the nerves associated with chordotonal organs is addressed. These experiments may aid in understanding the mechanisms of neuronal hyperexcitability during hypocalcemia within mammals.
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Greenfield, Katie, Danielle Ropar, Kristy Themelis, Natasha Ratcliffe, and Roger Newport. "Developmental Changes in Sensitivity to Spatial and Temporal Properties of Sensory Integration Underlying Body Representation." Multisensory Research 30, no. 6 (2017): 467–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-00002591.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The closer in time and space that two or more stimuli are presented, the more likely it is that they will be integrated together. A recent study by Hillock-Dunn and Wallace (2012) reported that the size of the visuo-auditory temporal binding window — the interval within which visual and auditory inputs are highly likely to be integrated — narrows over childhood. However, few studies have investigated how sensitivity to temporal and spatial properties of multisensory integration underlying body representation develops in children. This is not only important for sensory processes but has also been argued to underpin social processes such as empathy and imitation (Schütz-Bosbach et al., 2006). We tested 4 to 11 year-olds’ ability to detect a spatial discrepancy between visual and proprioceptive inputs (Experiment One) and a temporal discrepancy between visual and tactile inputs (Experiment Two) for hand representation. The likelihood that children integrated spatially separated visuo-proprioceptive information, and temporally asynchronous visuo-tactile information, decreased significantly with age. This suggests that spatial and temporal rules governing the occurrence of multisensory integration underlying body representation are refined with age in typical development.
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Cui, Lei, Andy Isaac, and Garry Allison. "Design and development of a five-bar robot for research into lower extremity proprioception." Robotica 36, no. 2 (October 26, 2017): 298–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574717000406.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARYAnkle inversion is a common injury of musculoskeletal system among athletes and also in the older population. Investigation into ankle inversion requires quantitative assessment of the smallest amount of height/angle change in the floor that can be perceived by human. Blocks of different thickness have been used to change floor height manually during tests. We aimed to develop an automatic apparatus that is able to provide improved height and angle resolutions for dynamic ankle proprioception. We designed and manufactured a five-bar planar robot with one coupler serving as the mobile platform. We used a stiffening rib to achieve consistent differences in deflection across the workspace of the mobile platform. The reported robot translates at the maximal speed 423 mm/s with a resolution at 0.21 mm under a maximal load of 358 kg. This robot allows for increased sensitivity, which may lead to further investigation of functional proprioceptive ability and reflect finely tuned sensory requirements for upright stance.
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Cannella, Stefania, Alessia Folegatti, Massimiliano Zampini, and Francesco Pavani. "Multisensory integration in body perception is unaffected by concurrent interoceptive and exteroceptive tasks." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x646550.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A recent study (Tsakiris et al., 2011) suggested that lower interoceptive sensitivity, as assessed by heat-rate estimation, predicts malleability of body representations, as measured by proprioceptive drift and ownership in a rubber hand illusion (RHI) task. The authors suggested that one explanation of their finding is linked to the notion of limited attentional resources: individuals with high interoceptive sensitivity are more aware of internal states and, in turns, they have less attentional resources available for multisensory processing. If this is the case, the competition between interoceptive and multisensory processing should be strongest when they are concurrent. Here we tested this prediction using a visuo-proprioceptive conflict produced through prismatic goggles, without affecting body ownership (unlike the RHI). In three experiments, participants looked at their own hand while wearing neutral or prismatic goggles (visual field shifted 20° leftwards). Meanwhile, they performed a concurrent counting tasks on interoceptive (Exp. 1–2: heart-beats; Exp. 3: breaths) or exteroceptive signals (pure-tones). A no-task condition was also included. We measured proprioceptive drift in each condition an indicator of illusion strength. All experiments documented a significant drift of perceived hand position after prism exposure. This bodily illusion, however, was never affected by the concurrent task, regardless of whether it involved interoceptive or exteroceptive signals. These result reveal that multisensory integration underlying body perception is unaffected by concurrent tasks capturing attentional resources, strongly suggesting a low-level and automatic phenomenon. Furthermore, they indicate that the origin of increased body malleability in individuals with low interoceptive awareness is not competition for attentional resources.
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Mirdamadi, Jasmine L., and Hannah J. Block. "Somatosensory changes associated with motor skill learning." Journal of Neurophysiology 123, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 1052–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00497.2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Trial-and-error motor adaptation has been linked to somatosensory plasticity and shifts in proprioception (limb position sense). The role of sensory processing in motor skill learning is less understood. Unlike adaptation, skill learning involves the acquisition of new movement patterns in the absence of perturbation, with performance limited by the speed-accuracy trade-off. We investigated somatosensory changes during motor skill learning at the behavioral and neurophysiological levels. Twenty-eight healthy young adults practiced a maze-tracing task, guiding a robotic manipulandum through an irregular two-dimensional track featuring several abrupt turns. Practice occurred on days 1 and 2. Skill was assessed before practice on day 1 and again on day 3, with learning indicated by a shift in the speed-accuracy function between these assessments. Proprioceptive function was quantified with a passive two-alternative forced-choice task. In a subset of 15 participants, we measured short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) to index somatosensory projections to motor cortex. We found that motor practice enhanced the speed-accuracy skill function ( F4,108 = 32.15, P < 0.001) and was associated with improved proprioceptive sensitivity at retention ( t22 = 24.75, P = 0.0031). Furthermore, SAI increased after training ( F1,14 = 5.41, P = 0.036). Interestingly, individuals with larger increases in SAI, reflecting enhanced somatosensory afference to motor cortex, demonstrated larger improvements in motor skill learning. These findings suggest that SAI may be an important functional mechanism for some aspect of motor skill learning. Further research is needed to test what parameters (task complexity, practice time, etc.) are specifically linked to somatosensory function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Somatosensory processing has been implicated in motor adaptation, where performance recovers from a perturbation such as a force field. We investigated somatosensory function during motor skill learning, where a new motor pattern is acquired in the absence of perturbation. After skill practice, we found changes in proprioception and short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI), signifying somatosensory change at both the behavioral and neurophysiological levels. SAI may be an important functional mechanism by which individuals learn motor skills.
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Ferreira, Henrique Franco, Leonardo César Carvalho, Paulo Alexandre Bressan, Renato Aparecido de Souza, Adriano Prado Simão, and Denise Hollanda Iunes. "Validation study of a software for proprioceptive evaluation." Acta Fisiátrica 28, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-0190.v28i1a181737.
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Objective: To validate the PhisioPlay software for proprioceptive evaluation of the shoulder joint based on the data obtained by isokinetic dynamometry equipment. Methods: Thirty-one individuals constituted a single group for proprioceptive evaluation of both shoulder joints by means of joint position sense (JPS). The testing protocol of PhisioPlay consisted of the abduction movement of the shoulder to the target angles of 45° and 90° and the maintenance of these positions for 30 seconds. In the isokinetic dynamometer, the test was performed using its proprioceptive evaluation protocol for the same movement, target angles, and maintenance time established for the previous test. Results: For the 90° variables, statistical analysis pointed to agreement for the dominant limb in relation to the mean angulation and the absolute difference and for the non-dominant limb in relation to the absolute difference. The results of mean comparisons of the absolute differences via the Wilcoxon Test corroborate the literature regarding the behavior of the JPS considering joint amplitude, lateral dominance, and greater or lesser torque affecting the joint. Reliability and sensitivity measures also strengthen the conclusions. Conclusion: The results point to the construct validity of the PhisioPlay software for evaluating the JPS of the shoulder joint at 45° and 90° and suggest that the JPS is more influenced by the angle of the joint during the motor task than by the lateral dominance.
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Illarionova, Aleksandra V., and Leonid V. Kapilevich. "Features of forming vestibular and proprioceptive sensitivity in training coordination abilities using biological feedback." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 421 (August 1, 2017): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/421/28.
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DiCaprio, Ralph A., Harald Wolf, and Ansgar Büschges. "Activity-Dependent Sensitivity of Proprioceptive Sensory Neurons in the Stick Insect Femoral Chordotonal Organ." Journal of Neurophysiology 88, no. 5 (November 1, 2002): 2387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00339.2002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mechanosensory neurons exhibit a wide range of dynamic changes in response, including rapid and slow adaptation. In addition to mechanical factors, electrical processes may also contribute to sensory adaptation. We have investigated adaptation of afferent neurons in the stick insect femoral chordotonal organ (fCO). The fCO contains sensory neurons that respond to position, velocity, and acceleration of the tibia. We describe the influence of random mechanical stimulation of the fCO on the response of fCO afferent neurons. The activity of individual sensory neurons was recorded intracellularly from their axons in the main leg nerve. Most fCO afferents (93%) exhibited a marked decrease in response to trapezoidal stimuli following sustained white noise stimulation (bandwidth = 60 Hz, amplitudes from ±5 to ±30°). Concurrent decreases in the synaptic drive to leg motoneurons and interneurons were also observed. Electrical stimulation of spike activity in individual fCO afferents in the absence of mechanical stimulation also led to a dramatic decrease in response in 15 of 19 afferents tested. This indicated that electrical processes are involved in the regulation of the generator potential or encoding of action potentials and partially responsible for the decreased response of the afferents. Replacing Ca2+ with Ba2+ in the saline surrounding the fCO greatly reduced or blocked the decrease in response elicited by electrically induced activity or mechanical stimulation when compared with control responses. Our results indicate that activity of fCO sensory neurons strongly affects their sensitivity, most likely via Ca2+-dependent processes.
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Davis, Justin R., Brian C. Horslen, Kei Nishikawa, Katie Fukushima, Romeo Chua, J. Timothy Inglis, and Mark G. Carpenter. "Human proprioceptive adaptations during states of height-induced fear and anxiety." Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no. 6 (December 2011): 3082–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01030.2010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Clinical and experimental research has demonstrated that the emotional experience of fear and anxiety impairs postural stability in humans. The current study investigated whether changes in fear and anxiety can also modulate spinal stretch reflexes and the gain of afferent inputs to the primary somatosensory cortex. To do so, two separate experiments were performed on two separate groups of participants while they stood under conditions of low and high postural threat. In experiment 1, the proprioceptive system was probed using phasic mechanical stimulation of the Achilles tendon while simultaneously recording the ensuing tendon reflexes in the soleus muscle and cortical-evoked potentials over the somatosensory cortex during low and high threat conditions. In experiment 2, phasic electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve was used to examine the effect of postural threat on somatosensory evoked potentials. Results from experiment 1 demonstrated that soleus tendon reflex excitability was facilitated during states of height-induced fear and anxiety while the magnitude of the tendon-tap-evoked cortical potential was not significantly different between threat conditions. Results from experiment 2 demonstrated that the amplitudes of somatosensory-evoked potentials were also unchanged between threat conditions. The results support the hypothesis that muscle spindle sensitivity in the triceps surae muscles may be facilitated when humans stand under conditions of elevated postural threat, although the presumed increase in spindle sensitivity does not result in higher afferent feedback gain at the level of the somatosensory cortex.
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Alwawi, Dua’a Akram, Evan Dean, Ashleigh Heldstab, Lisa Mische Lawson, Jill Peltzer, and Winnie Dunn. "A Qualitative Study of Stroke Survivors’ Experience of Sensory Changes." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 87, no. 4 (July 22, 2020): 298–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008417420941975.
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Background. Previous literature examined tactile and proprioceptive changes after stroke; however, the lived experience of changes in all sensory systems is still a gap in the literature. Purpose. To gain understanding of stroke survivors’ experience of sensory changes and how sensory changes impact participation in daily life activities. Method. This study utilized a qualitative description method. Researchers used semi-structured interviews with probing questions. Inductive content analysis approach was used to analyze the data. Researchers recruited 13 stroke survivors ≤75 years old who participated in a community-based stroke program. Findings. Emerging themes included daily life impact of sensory function changes, and experience and timing of sensory changes. Participants experienced changes in various sensory systems including touch and proprioception, visual, auditory, and taste. Survivors also reported sensitivity to environmental stimuli. Sensory changes affect survivors’ participation in different aspects of daily life activities. Most participants experienced sensory changes right after their stroke. Implications. Results from this study inform health care providers about stroke survivors’ sensory needs to help them design interventions that match their needs.
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Hu, Delphine, Rosa Hu, and Charles B. Berde. "Neurologic Evaluation of Infant and Adult Rats before and after Sciatic Nerve Blockade." Anesthesiology 86, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 957–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199704000-00026.
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Background Only limited data exist comparing differences in sensory function and responses to neural blockade in infant and adult rats. Therefore, the authors sought (1) to compare baseline thermal, proprioceptive, and postural responses in infant, adolescent, and adult rats; and (2) to compare the effects of sciatic nerve blockade on thermal, proprioceptive, and postural responses in infant, adolescent, and adult rats. Methods Infant, adolescent, and adult rats were evaluated for proprioceptive, thermal, and mechanical nociceptive and motor function before and after sciatic blockade using a detailed neurologic examination. Results Mechanical and thermal nociception were present in all rats, starting from age 1 day. The withdrawal reflex latency to pinch was rapid at all ages, whereas that reaction to thermal stimulus depended on both age and temperature. In contrast, the tactile placing response and hopping response were absent at birth and developed completely during the first 10 days of life. The extensor postural thrust was absent in the first 2 weeks of life and developed variably during the first 50 days of life. Sciatic blockade duration is shorter in infant rats than in adult rats receiving the same dose per kilogram. A brief halothane general anesthetic at the time of sciatic injection in infant or adult rats does not alter the duration of blockade. Conclusions Infant rats show increased sensitivity to noxious thermal stimuli and similar response to deep mechanical stimuli compared with adult rats. Their proprioceptive and motor responses develop during the first 2 weeks of life. When doses are scaled by body weight, block duration is shorter in infant than in adult rats.
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Leimig, Bruno, Claudio Vidal, Marcelo Valença, Joacil Silva, and Walter Matias Filho. "Pyramidal and Proprioceptive Dysfunctions as the Main Neurologic Features In Symptomatic Type I Chiari Malformation Patients." Arquivos Brasileiros de Neurocirurgia: Brazilian Neurosurgery 37, no. 03 (September 2018): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1670696.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective Broader access to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has increased the diagnosis of tonsillar ectopia, with most of these patients being asymptomatic. The early diagnosis and treatment of type I Chiari malformation (CM I) patients has impact on the prognosis. This study supplements information about the neurologic exam of symptomatic patients with CM I. Methods The sample was composed of 32 symptomatic patients with CM I diagnosed by a combination of tonsil herniation of more than 5 mm below the magnum foramen (observed in the sagittal T2 MRI) and at least one of the following alterations: intractable occipital headache, ataxia, upper or lower motor neuron impairment, sensitivity deficits (superficial and deep) or lower cranial nerves disorders. Results Occipital headache was the most frequent symptom (53.12%). During the physical exam, the most common dysfunctions were those from the pyramidal system (96.87%), followed by posterior cord syndrome (87.5%). Discussion In this study, patients became symptomatic around the fifth decade of life, which is compatible with previous descriptions. Patients with more than 2 years of evolution have worse responses to treatment. Occipital headache, symptoms in the upper limbs, gait and proprioceptive disorders are common findings in patients with CM I. Conclusion Deep tendinous reflexes and proprioception disorders were the main neurologic features found in symptomatic CM I patients.
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Zhang, Xiaoguang, Taoyuanmin Zhu, Itsui Yamayoshi, and Dennis Hong. "Dexterity, Sensitivity and Versatility: An Under Actuated Robotic Hand with Mechanical Intelligence and Proprioceptive Actuation." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 17, no. 02 (February 13, 2020): 2050006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843620500061.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A three-finger under actuated robotic hand with dexterous force control and inherent compliance is developed and tested. A simplified biomimetic finger design is generated and applied with mechanical intelligence principles carefully designed and embedded such that optimal trajectories for grabbing are naturally followed and the fingers can automatically conform to the goal object. A generalizable potential energy flow theory is then proposed to explain the mechanism behind the mechanical intelligence. The theory is also supported by experimental results. Quasi-direct drive actuators were developed to actuate the robotic hand with proprioceptive force sensing and inherent compliance. The hand performs delicate force-controlled manipulation with a simple compliance controller implemented.
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Palluel, Estelle, Jane Elizabeth Aspell, Tom Lavanchy, and Olaf Blanke. "Experimental changes in bodily self-consciousness are tuned to the frequency sensitivity of proprioceptive fibres." NeuroReport 23, no. 6 (April 2012): 354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnr.0b013e328351db14.
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Roll, J. P., K. Popov, V. Gurfinkel, M. Lipshits, C. André-Deshays, J. C. Gilhodes, and C. Quoniam. "Sensorimotor and Perceptual Function of Muscle Proprioception in Microgravity." Journal of Vestibular Research 3, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-1993-3307.
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Adaptive properties of the human proprioceptive systems were studied during the French-Soviet orbital flight (Aragatz mission, December 1988). The present space experiment investigated the hypothesis that the modifications of both biomechanical and physiological conditions occurring under microgravity involve considerable reorganization of body perception and postural control. The proprioceptive information originating in muscles is known to contribute, together with visual, vestibular, and sole cutaneous information to postural regulation. Moreover, by specifically activating the proprioceptive channel, muscle vibration is able to elicit both illusory movement sensations and postural responses. This experimental tool was used in microgravity in order to test various aspects of muscle sensory function. Ankle flexor and extensor vibration was applied under different experimental conditions. Quantitative analysis of motor responses was carried out on leg muscle EMG, goniometric, and kinesigraphic recordings. Joystick recordings and astronauts’ comments were used to describe the kinaesthetic sensations. The main results were as follows: 1) Under microgravity, the sensitivity of muscle receptors remains unchanged. 2) During the flight, the tonic vibration reflexes (TVR) increased significantly in flexor muscles, which exhibited a sustained tonic activity. 3) The whole-body postural responses normally induced by ankle flexor muscle vibration were suppressed, whereas they remained unchanged or were only reduced when vibrations were applied to the ankle extensor muscles. In all cases, the postural response velocity decreased. 4) A disfacilitation of the vibration-induced postural illusions was observed to occur during long-term exposure to microgravity. These illusions became atypical however. For example: body lift illusion could be induced by tibialis anterior muscle vibration, whereas it was never induced in the controls. The characteristics of the illusory body movements described under normal gravity can be restored by artificially increasing the axial foot support forces during the flight. In conclusion, these data suggest that a functional reorganization of the proprioceptive information processing occurs in microgravity, affecting both perceptual and motor aspects of behavior. It is possible that these proprioceptive adaptations may be partly attributable to the new whole-body propulsive foot functions imposed by exposure to weightlessness and to the adaptation of motor behavior to the third dimension of space.
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Gorassini, M., A. Prochazka, and J. L. Taylor. "Cerebellar ataxia and muscle spindle sensitivity." Journal of Neurophysiology 70, no. 5 (November 1, 1993): 1853–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.70.5.1853.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
1. The cerebellum has long been known to participate in movement control. One of the enduring theories of cerebellar function is that it "tunes" and coordinates sensorimotor traffic in other parts of the CNS. In particular, it has been implicated in the control of the sensitivity of muscle spindle stretch receptors through the fusimotor system. 2. The stretch sensitivity of spindle primary endings can be varied approximately over a 10-fold range by fusimotor efferent action. For many years it has been believed that cerebellar dysfunction is associated with reduced drive to the fusimotor system and that this in turn causes hypotonia by reducing the reflex excitation of alpha-motoneurons by spindle afferents. 3. The data on which this hypothesis is based were obtained in anesthetized or decerebrate animals. Little direct information is available on animals or humans performing voluntary movements and exhibiting ataxia or other cerebellar symptoms. 4. We tested the hypothesis by recording from nine muscle spindle afferents in behaving cats before and during reversible inactivation of cerebellar interpositus and dentate nuclei. In normal cats fusimotor action varies with motor task, greatly altering spindle stretch sensitivity. We investigated whether this same range of task-related sensitivity manifested itself during ataxia. 5. We found that the full range of spindle sensitivity was still present during ataxia. We therefore conclude that the cerebellar nuclei studied are not primarily responsible for fusimotor control, nor is the ataxia primarily caused by disordered proprioceptive sensitivity.
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Odoj, Bartholomäus, and Daniela Balslev. "Visual Sensitivity Shifts with Perceived Eye Position." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 25, no. 7 (July 2013): 1180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00382.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Spatial attention can be defined as the selection of a location for privileged stimulus processing. Most oculomotor structures, such as the superior colliculus or the FEFs, play an additional role in visuospatial attention. Indeed, electrical stimulation of these structures can cause changes in visual sensitivity that are location specific. We have proposed that the recently discovered ocular proprioceptive area in the human postcentral gyrus (S1EYE) may have a similar function. This suggestion was based on the observation that a reduction of excitability in this area with TMS causes not only a shift in perceived eye position but also lateralized changes in visual sensitivity. Here we investigated whether these shifts in perceived gaze position and visual sensitivity are spatially congruent. After continuous theta burst stimulation over S1EYE, participants underestimated own eye rotation, so that saccades from a lateral eye rotation undershoot a central sound (Experiment 1). They discriminated letters faster if they were presented nearer the orbit midline (Experiment 2) and spent less time looking at locations nearer the orbit midline when searching for a nonexistent target in a letter array (Experiment 3). This suggests that visual sensitivity increased nearer the orbit midline, in the same direction as the shift in perceived eye position. This spatial congruence argues for a functional coupling between the cortical eye position signal in the somatosensory cortex and visuospatial attention.
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Illarionova, A., and L. Kapilevich. "CHARACTERISTICS OF BRAIN BIOELECTRICAL ACTIVITY DURING FEEDBACK TRAINING." Human Sport Medicine 19, S1 (August 15, 2019): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/hsm19s101.
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Aim. The article deals with studying the effect of feedback training on the characteristics of brain bioelectrical activity. Materials and methods. 60 female non-athletes aged 18–20 years participated in the study. Sports training for improving the vestibular analyzer and proprioceptive sensitivity was conducted as well as feedback training with the data for ‘the projected center of mass position’ and ‘applied efforts’ parameters. EEG recording was conducted during the Romberg and Biryuk tests before and after the training course. Results. The specificity of the physiological mechanisms of various types of training, aimed at improving the vestibular analyzer and proprioceptive sensitivity, is reflected in the formation of special patterns of bioelectric activity of the cerebral cortex. Traditional training methods have the least effect on EEG characteristics, while biofeedback training is characterized by a more pronounced effect. Along with similar effects (the increased slow activity of theta and delta range, mainly in the frontal area of the cortex, and activation of high-frequency beta activity in the occipital leads), differences are also recorded. If training with the “projected center of mass position” parameter used as a BFB channel was accompanied by suppression of alpha-range activity, then training with the “applied efforts” parameter used as a BFB channel, on the contrary, increased the alpha activity in the occipital cortex. Conclusion. The parameters of bioelectrical activity of the cerebral cortex are informative when conducting biofeedback training and can be used to monitor its effectiveness and assess the physiological aspects.
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Berryman, L. J., J. M. Yau, and S. S. Hsiao. "Representation of Object Size in the Somatosensory System." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 1 (July 2006): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01190.2005.
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In this study we investigate the haptic perception of object size. We report the results from four psychophysical experiments. In the first, we ask subjects to discriminate the size of objects that vary in surface curvature and compliance while changing contact force. We show that objects exhibit size constancy such that perception of object size using haptics does not change with changes in contact force. Based on these results, we hypothesize that size perception depends on the degree of spread between the digits at initial contact with objects. In the second experiment, we test this hypothesis by having subjects continuously contact an object that changes dynamically in size. We show that size perception takes into account the compliance of the object. In the third and fourth experiments we attempt to separate the individual contributions of proprioceptive and cutaneous input. In the third, we test the ability of subjects to perceive object size after altering the sensitivity of cutaneous receptors with adapting vibratory stimuli. The results from this experiment suggest that initial contact is signaled by the cutaneous slowly adapting type 1 afferents (SA1) and/or the rapidly adapting afferents (RA). In the last experiment, we block cutaneous input at the site of contact by anesthetizing the digital nerves and show that proprioceptive information alone provides only a rough estimate of object size. We conclude that the perception of object size depends on inputs from SA1 and possibly RA afferents, combined with inputs from proprioceptive afferents that signal the spread between digits.
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Potekhina, Y. P., and V. A. Leonov. "Physiological Basis for Development of Sense of Touch." Russian Osteopathic Journal, no. 3-4 (December 30, 2017): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2017-3-4-11-19.
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The article examines possible physiological mechanisms allowing osteopathic physicians to develop the sensitivity of tactile and proprioceptive receptors. The sense of touch is one of the most important tools to be developed by osteopathic physicians. This development is possible in all the levels of the nervous system. There are pre-existing physiological conditions, especially those in the cerebral cortex, that aim to improve the sense of touch. The more doctors are motivated to master their fi eld and to practice in the area of expertise, the better the sense of touch is.
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Ono, Seiji, and Michael J. Mustari. "Extraretinal Signals in MSTd Neurons Related to Volitional Smooth Pursuit." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 5 (November 2006): 2819–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00538.2006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Smooth pursuit (SP)-related neurons in the dorsal-medial part of medial superior temporal cortex (MSTd) carry extraretinal signals that may play a role in maintenance of SP once eye velocity matches target velocity. For example, it has not been determined whether the extraretinal signals reflect volitional SP commands or proprioception. The aim of this study was to test some potential sources of extraretinal signals in MSTd pursuit neurons. We tested 40 MSTd neurons during step-ramp SP with target blink conditions to show that they carried an extraretinal signal. To examine potential contributions from eye movements that might reflect proprioceptive feedback from eye muscles, we tested MSTd neurons during rotational vestibular ocular reflex in complete darkness (VORd). Vestibular stimulation was delivered in the earth horizontal plane to elicit reflex driven smooth eye movements that matched the speed and frequency of volitional SP. We also tested VOR in the light (VORx1) and cancellation of the VOR (VORx0). Our neurons were modulated during both SP and cancellation of the VOR. In contrast, MSTd smooth pursuit neurons with extraretinal signals were not significantly modulated during VORd (sensitivity ≤ 0.10 spike/s/°/s). This combination of properties is compatible with classifying these neurons as gaze-velocity related. Absence of modulation during VORd testing could be caused by cancellation of head and eye movement sensitivity or dependence of neuronal firing on volitional SP commands. Our results support the suggestion that modulation of SP-related MSTd neurons reflects volitional SP commands rather then eye movements generated by reflex pathways.
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Nishio, Ito, Morita, Ito, Yamazaki, and Sakai. "Investigation of the Functional Decline in Proprioceptors for Low Back Pain Using the Sweep Frequency Method." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (November 20, 2019): 4988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9234988.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional decline in proprioceptors in patients with low back pain (LBP) by evaluating the entire range of response frequencies of proprioceptors. In previous studies, the function of proprioceptors was only evaluated by single frequency vibrations. However, because it is assumed that individual differences exist in response frequencies of proprioceptors, we developed a method using vibration with sweep frequency covering the entire range of response frequencies of proprioceptors. The center of pressure was determined in 35 elderly patients with non-specific LBP (NSLBP) and 28 elderly individuals with non-LBP (NLBP) during upright stances on a balance board without vision. Local vibratory stimulations to lower leg or trunk muscles were continuously varied between 27 and 272 Hz over 60 s to evaluate the proprioceptive predominance of a body location using the relative proprioceptive weighting ratio (RPW). Compared with the NLBP group, the NSLBP group exhibited a lower RPW value for the Vater-Pacini corpuscles. Thus, the NSLBP group relied more on the input of Vater-Pacini corpuscles in the trunk. A reduction in lower leg sensitivity at the Vater-Pacini corpuscles in the NSLBP group was observed.
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Chen, Yinong, and James A. Reggia. "Alignment of Coexisting Cortical Maps in a Motor Control Model." Neural Computation 8, no. 4 (May 1996): 731–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1996.8.4.731.
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How do multiple feature maps that coexist in the same region of cerebral cortex align with each other? We hypothesize that such alignment is governed by temporal correlations: features in one map that are temporally correlated with those in another come to occupy the same spatial locations in cortex over time. To examine the feasibility of this hypothesis and to establish some of its detailed implications, we studied a multilayered, closed-loop computational model of primary sensorimotor cortex. A simulated arm moving in three dimensions formed the external environment for the model cortical regions. Coexisting proprioceptive and motor maps formed and generally aligned in a fashion consistent with the temporal correlation hypothesis. For example, in simulated proprioceptive sensory cortex the map of elements responding strongly to stretch of a particular muscle matched the map of tension sensitivity in antagonist muscles. In simulated primary motor cortex the map of elements responding strongly to increased tension in specific muscles matched the map of output elements for the same muscles. These computational results suggest specific experimental measurements that can support or refute the temporal correlation hypothesis for map alignments.
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Roy, Jefferson E., and Kathleen E. Cullen. "Brain Stem Pursuit Pathways: Dissociating Visual, Vestibular, and Proprioceptive Inputs During Combined Eye-Head Gaze Tracking." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 1 (July 2003): 271–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01074.2002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Eye-head (EH) neurons within the medial vestibular nuclei are thought to be the primary input to the extraocular motoneurons during smooth pursuit: they receive direct projections from the cerebellar flocculus/ventral paraflocculus, and in turn, project to the abducens motor nucleus. Here, we recorded from EH neurons during head-restrained smooth pursuit and head-unrestrained combined eye-head pursuit (gaze pursuit). During head-restrained smooth pursuit of sinusoidal and step-ramp target motion, each neuron's response was well described by a simple model that included resting discharge (bias), eye position, and velocity terms. Moreover, eye acceleration, as well as eye position, velocity, and acceleration error (error = target movement – eye movement) signals played no role in shaping neuronal discharges. During head-unrestrained gaze pursuit, EH neuron responses reflected the summation of their head-movement sensitivity during passive whole-body rotation in the dark and gaze-movement sensitivity during smooth pursuit. Indeed, EH neuron responses were well predicted by their head- and gaze-movement sensitivity during these two paradigms across conditions (e.g., combined eye-head gaze pursuit, smooth pursuit, whole-body rotation in the dark, whole-body rotation while viewing a target moving with the head (i.e., cancellation), and passive rotation of the head-on-body). Thus our results imply that vestibular inputs, but not the activation of neck proprioceptors, influence EH neuron responses during head-on-body movements. This latter proposal was confirmed by demonstrating a complete absence of modulation in the same neurons during passive rotation of the monkey's body beneath its neck. Taken together our results show that during gaze pursuit EH neurons carry vestibular- as well as gaze-related information to extraocular motoneurons. We propose that this vestibular-related modulation is offset by inputs from other premotor inputs, and that the responses of vestibuloocular reflex interneurons (i.e., position-vestibular-pause neurons) are consistent with such a proposal.
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Miehm, Jules D., John Buonaccorsi, Jongil Lim, Sumire Sato, Caitlin Rajala, Julianna Averill, Farnaz Khalighinejad, et al. "Sensorimotor function in progressive multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical 6, no. 3 (July 2020): 205521732093483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055217320934835.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background A sensitive test reflecting subtle sensorimotor changes throughout disease progression independent of mobility impairment is currently lacking in progressive multiple sclerosis. Objectives We examined non-ambulatory measures of upper and lower extremity sensorimotor function that may reveal differences between relapsing–remitting and progressive forms of multiple sclerosis. Methods Cutaneous sensitivity, proprioception, central motor function and mobility were assessed in 32 relapsing–remitting and 31 progressive multiple sclerosis patients and 30 non-multiple sclerosis controls. Results Cutaneous sensation differed between relapsing–remitting and progressive multiple sclerosis at the foot and to a lesser extent the hand. Proprioception function in the upper but not the lower extremity differed between relapsing–remitting and progressive multiple sclerosis, but was different for both upper and lower extremities between multiple sclerosis patients and non-multiple sclerosis controls. Foot-tap but not hand-tap speed was slower in progressive compared to relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis, suggestive of greater central motor function impairment in the lower extremity in progressive multiple sclerosis. In addition, the non-ambulatory sensorimotor measures were more sensitive in detecting differences between relapsing–remitting and progressive multiple sclerosis than mobility assessed with the 25-foot walk test. Conclusion This study provides novel information about changes in sensorimotor function in progressive compared with relapsing–remitting forms of multiple sclerosis, and in particular the importance of assessing both upper and lower extremity function. Importantly, our findings showed loss of proprioceptive function in multiple sclerosis but also in progressive compared to relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis.
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Olszewska-Karaban, Marzena, Anna Permoda-Białozorczyk, Aneta Dąbrowska, Ewa Bandurska, Andrzej Permoda, Jolanta Zajt, Agnieszka Sobierajska-Rek, and Dominika Szalewska. "Impairment of Proprioception in Young Adult Nonradicular Patients with Lumbar Derangement Syndrome." BioMed Research International 2021 (October 7, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5550257.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Maintaining body balance is a complex function based on the information deriving from the vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive systems. The aim of the study was to evaluate quiet single stance stability in young adults with lumbar derangement syndrome (LDS) and in the control group of the healthy subjects. The second aim of this study was to determine whether pain intensity, degree of disability, and the level of physical activity can influence postural control in patients with LDS. It is important to underline that selecting a homogeneous group of LBP patients using, for example, mechanical diagnosis and therapy method and Quebec Task Force Classification, can result in an increased sensitivity of the study. The study included 126 subjects: 70 patients with LDS (37 women, 33 men) and the control group 56 healthy volunteers (36 women, 20 men). In case of multiple group comparisons for variables with normal distribution, ANOVA post hoc test was used or, as the nonparametric equivalent, Kruskal-Wallis test. In all these calculations, the statistical significance level was set to p < 0.05 . The stability index eyes open for the study group was 88.34 and for the control group 89.86. There was no significant difference in the level of postural control between the study and control groups ( p > 0.05 ). The level of stability index eyes closed (SI EC) for the study group was 71.44 and for the control group 77.1. SI EC results showed significant differences in proprioceptive control during single leg stance between the study and control groups ( p < 0.05 ). The level of pain intensity, the degree of disability, and physical activity level did not influence postural control in the study group with LDS. In summary, patients with LDS showed significantly worse proprioceptive control.
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Pasztor, V. M., and L. B. Golas. "THE MODULATORY EFFECTS OF SEROTONIN, NEUROPEPTIDE F1 AND PROCTOLIN ON THE RECEPTOR MUSCLES OF THE LOBSTER ABDOMINAL STRETCH RECEPTOR AND THEIR EXOSKELETAL MUSCLE HOMOLOGUES." Journal of Experimental Biology 174, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.174.1.363.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The muscle receptor organ (MRO) of the lobster is a complex proprioceptive system lying in parallel with the axial extensor musculature. Two peripherally located sensory neurones extend stretch-sensitive dendrites into individual receptor muscle strands one tonic (RM1) and one phasic (RM2). Previous studies have shown that the sensitivity of the sensory neurones to passive stretch could be enhanced by serotonin and proctolin. Here we show that the receptor muscles and their exoskeletal muscle homologues are also responsive to serotonin, proctolin and, in addition, to neuropeptide F1 (TNRNFLRF-NH2). Two measures of motor performance were enhanced by all three neurohormones: EJP amplitude and nerve-evoked tension development. Serotonin was the most effective modulator of both tonic and phasic muscles. F1 had powerful effects on the phasic extensor muscle. A low incidence of tonic muscle fibres with synapses responding to the neurohormones suggests that there are distinct populations of synapses: those sensitive to specific modulators and others that are insensitive. These findings, taken together with the enhancing effects of modulation on the primary sensory afferents, suggest that circulating neurohormones may act at multiple loci in the MRO system in a concerted and hormone-specific manner to alter the flow of proprioceptive feedback.
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Motyka, Paweł, Zuzanna Kozłowska, and Piotr Litwin. "Perceptual Awareness of Optic Flows Paced Optimally and Non-optimally to Walking Speed." Perception 50, no. 9 (August 29, 2021): 797–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03010066211034368.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Previous research suggests that visual processing depends strongly on locomotor activity and is tuned to optic flows consistent with self-motion speed. Here, we used a binocular rivalry paradigm to investigate whether perceptual access to optic flows depends on their optimality in relation to walking velocity. Participants walked at two different speeds on a treadmill while viewing discrepant visualizations of a virtual tunnel in each eye. We hypothesized that visualizations paced appropriately to the walking speeds will be perceived longer than non optimal (too fast/slow) ones. The presented optic flow speeds were predetermined individually in a task based on matching visual speed to both walking velocities. In addition, perceptual preference for optimal optic flows was expected to increase with proprioceptive ability to detect threshold-level changes in walking speed. Whereas faster (more familiar) optic flows showed enhanced access to awareness during faster compared with slower walking conditions, for slower visual flows, only a nonsignificant tendency for the analogous effect was observed. These effects were not dependent on individual proprioceptive sensitivity. Our findings concur with the emerging view that the velocity of one’s locomotion is used to calibrate visual perception of self-motion and extend the scope of reported action effects on visual awareness.
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Brancatisano, A., P. Davis, T. van der Touw, and J. R. Wheatley. "Effect of upper airway negative pressure on proprioceptive afferents from the tongue." Journal of Applied Physiology 86, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 1396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.86.4.1396.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We examined whether receptors in the tongue muscle respond to negative upper airway pressure (NUAP). In six cats, one hypoglossal nerve was cut and its distal end was prepared for single-fiber recording. Twelve afferent fibers were selected for study on the basis of their sensitivity to passive stretch (PS) of the tongue. Fiber discharge frequency was measured during PS of the tongue and after the rapid onset of constant NUAP. During PS of 1–3 cm, firing frequency increased from 17 ± 7 to 40 ± 11 (SE) Hz ( P < 0.01). In addition, 8 of the 12 fibers responded to NUAP (−10 to −30 cmH2O), with firing frequency increasing from 23 ± 9 to 41 ± 9 Hz ( P < 0.001). In two fibers tested, the increase in firing frequency in response to NUAP was not altered by topical anesthesia (10% lignocaine) applied liberally to the entire upper airway mucosa. Our results demonstrate that afferent discharges from the hypoglossal nerve are elicited by 1) stretching of the tongue and 2) NUAP before and after upper airway anesthesia. We speculate that activation of proprioceptive mechanoreceptors in the cat’s tongue provides an additional pathway for the reflex activation of upper airway dilator muscles in response to NUAP, independent of superficially located mucosal mechanoreceptors.