Дисертації з теми "Propriétés nucléaires"
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Baiocco, Giorgio. "Vers une reconstruction des propriétés thermiques des noyaux légers par le biais de réactions de fusion-évaporation." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2003.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis work has been developed in the framework of a new experimental campaign, proposed by the NUCL-EX Collaboration (INFN III Group), in order to progress in the understanding of the statistical properties of light nuclei, at excitation energies above particle emission threshold, by measuring exclusive data from fusion-evaporation reactions. The determination of the nuclear level density in the A~20 region, the understanding of the statistical behavior of light nuclei with excitation energies ~3 A. MeV, and the measurement of observables linked to the presence of cluster structures of nuclear excited levels are the main physics goals of this work. On the theory side, the contribution to this project given by this work lies in the development of a dedicated Monte-Carlo Hauser-Feshbach code for the evaporation of the compound nucleus. The experimental part of this thesis has consisted in the participation to the measurement 12C+12C at 95 MeV beam energy, at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro - INFN, using the GARFIELD+Ring Counter(RCo) set-up, from the beam-time request to the data taking, data reduction, detector calibrations and data analysis. Different results of the data analysis are presented in this thesis, together with a theoretical study of the system, performed with the new statistical decay code. As a result of this work, constraints on the nuclear level density at high excitation energy for light systems ranging from C up to Mg are given. Moreover,pre-equilibrium effects, tentatively interpreted as alpha-clustering effects, are put in evidence, both in the entrance channel of the reaction and in the dissipative dynamics on the path towards thermalisation
Chen, Anne-Sophie. "Propriétés magnétiques nucléaires de l'3He superfluide à ultra-basse température." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10095.
Повний текст джерелаPorez, Geoffrey. "Nouvelles propriétés hépatiques des récepteurs nucléaires FXR et Rev-Erb Alpha." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S015/document.
Повний текст джерелаOrosomucoïdes, members of the superfamily of lipocalines, are among proteins plasmatiques the most plentiful. They are proteins of the acute(sharp) phase of the inflammation secreted by hépatocytes in answer to a stress (inflammation, cancer, cirrhosis), and usually used in private hospital as marker(scorer) of a pathological state. They go during an inflammatory state to inhibit the proliferation of neutrophiles and lymphocytes. I was able to show that the nuclear receiver FXR, implied(involved) in numerous metabolic ways and more recently as having an anti-inflammatory role in the liver, regulates the expression of orosomucoïdes exclusively at the hepatic level to the mouse. (...]
Chabab, Mohamed. "Propriétés des baryons lourds en chromodynamique quantique par la méthode des règles de sommes spectrales." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20243.
Повний текст джерелаNuss, Eric. "Etude des propriétés des bosons vectoriels auprès des supercollisionneurs hadroniques." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20223.
Повний текст джерелаMatar, Briman Ibrahim. "Etude des propriétés des solutions confinées : application aux gels des verres nucléaires." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066426.
Повний текст джерелаCoc, A. "Etude par spectroscopie atomique de propriétés nucléaires d'isotopes de francium et de césium." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958095.
Повний текст джерелаPiovesan, Victor. "Relations composition – structure – propriétés des verres peralumineux pour le conditionnement des déchets nucléaires." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2064/document.
Повний текст джерелаPart of the Research and Development program concerning high level nuclear waste conditioning aims to assess new glass formulations able to incorporate a high waste content with enhanced properties in terms of homogeneity, thermal stability, long term behavior and process ability. This study focuses on peraluminous glasses, defined by an excess of aluminum ions Al³⁺ in comparison with modifier elements such as Na⁺, Li⁺ or Ca²⁺. A Design of Experiment approach has been employed to determine relationships between composition of simplified peraluminous glasses (SiO2 – B2O3 – Al2O3 – Na2O – Li2O – CaO – La2O3) and their physical properties such as viscosity, glass transition temperature and glass homogeneity. Moreover, some structural investigation (NMR) was performed in order to better understand the structural role of Na⁺, Li⁺ and Ca²⁺ and the structural organization of peraluminous glasses. Then, physical and chemical properties of fully simulated peraluminous glasses were characterized to evaluate transposition between simplified and fully simulated glasses and also to put forward the potential of peraluminous glasses for nuclear waste containment
Coc, Alain. "Étude par spectroscopie atomique de propriétés nucléaires d'isotopes de francium et de césium." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112096.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is based on the study of cesium (118,146Cs) and francium (207-213Fr et 220-228Fr) isotopes by hyperfine atomic spectroscopy and on the interpretation of these results from the nuclear physics point of view. The measured nuclear quantities are: the spin, the magnetic moment, the electric quadrupole moment and the mean square charge radius. The experimental method which is based on hyperfine optical pumping with a tunable laser, followed by magnetic analysis of the atoms is described in the first part. Results related to atomic physics are also presented. In the second part, these data are interpreted in the framework of nuclear models. The deformation of light cesium isomers are compared to values obtained from a theoretical self-consistent calculation. Heavy francium isotopes are situated in an area where the existence of static octupole deformations have been predicted. The odd-even staggering measured on the mean square radius is abnormal in this region. However, on the basis of experimental data, no definitive conclusion can be drawn regarding the nature of these deformations
Brunel, Alan. "Propriétés thermodynamiques et thermophysiques des liquides à haute température : applications aux combustibles nucléaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS426.
Повний текст джерелаDuring a severe accident involving the meltdown of the core of a pressurized water nuclear reactor, the nuclear fuel will react with the zircalloy cladding around it and the structural materials of the core to make a high temperature magma called corium. Depending on its composition and its temperature, the corium can stratify because of two non-miscible metallic and oxidic liquids. For some stratification configurations, the heat flow can focus on the vessel’s wall, threatening its integrity with a corium flowing outside of it. The aim of this thesis is to collect thermodynamic and thermophysic data on a prototypical corium, the U-Zr-Fe-O system. The thermodynamic data collected in this thesis are related to the definition of the liquid miscibility gap and the compositions of the liquids in the U-Zr-Fe-O system and its sub-systems, depending on the composition and the temperature. Compositions of interest were selected after performing thermodynamic calculation by the CALPHAD method with the TAF-ID V13 database. The corresponding samples underwent heat treatments and post-treatment analyses to measure the compositions of the liquids and to compare them to thermodynamic calculations. An iron rich liquid miscibility gap and a zirconium rich one were highlighted in the Fe-Zr-O system. Although calculations were in agreement with data from the first miscibility gap at 1990 °C, measurements in the zirconium rich miscibility gap at 2420 °C and 2650 °C reveal an underestimation of the zirconium quantity in the metallic liquid and its overestimation in the oxidic liquid by the model. Studies on the UO2-Zr-Fe system at 2423 °C show that the liquid miscibility gap definition and the compositions of the liquids depend on the quantity of iron in the system, the U/Zr ratio and corium oxidation degree. Furthermore, the zirconium molar fraction is underestimated by the model in the metallic liquid to the benefit of iron, and is overestimated in the oxidic liquid. Finally, the oxygen solubility in the metallic liquid is underestimated by the model. Thermophysic data were collected thanks to the improvement of the ATTILHA experimental setup, allowing the study of oxygen sensitive or radioactive liquids at high temperature by using a laser heating. Experimental values on liquidus and eutectic transformation temperatures of the oxygen-rich domain of the Zr-O system were acquired with this setup. Furthermore, the development of the aerodynamic levitation allows us the investigation liquids’densities for the Zr-Fe2O3 and the Zr-UO2 systems between 1884 °C and 2268 °C for different zirconium molar fractions. Densities of liquids from the Zr-Fe2O3 system were used to refine surface tension values acquired on the VITI-MBP setup at CEA Cadarache. These values confirmed the surfacting properties of the oxygen on these liquids. The experimental data collected during this thesis will be used to feed the databases and to improve the forecast of the corium’s behavior during a severe accident
Duchesne, Annie. "Étude du comportement mécanique d'un combustible granulaire soumis à des sollicitations d'origine thermique dans un propulseur thermo-nucléaire spatial." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECAP0611.
Повний текст джерелаLabouze, Xavier. "Etude par résonances nucléaires des propriétés magnétiques des cuprates supraconducteurs dans leurs phases isolantes." Grenoble 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10042.
Повний текст джерелаLaux, Didier. "Caractérisation mécanique de combustibles nucléaires à fort taux de combustion par méthodes micro-acoustiques." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20047.
Повний текст джерелаGiguère, Alain. "Les récepteurs nucléaires synaptosomaux des hormones thyroïdiennes chez l'embryon de poulet propriétés ontogenèse et mécanisme d'action." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 1997. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4122.
Повний текст джерелаZein, Samir. "Études théoriques des composés à transition de spin mono- et bi- nucléaires." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10174.
Повний текст джерелаChalopin, Elie. "Caractérisation des propriétés radiatives d'un milieu poreux par la méthode RDFI : application à un coeur dégradé de réacteur nucléaire." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1106.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is the calculation of radiative transfer during different phases of a reactor core severe accident. The first objectif is to determine the anisotropic extinction and absorption coefficients and the phase function of a stongly isotropic porous medium. The second objectif is to introduce and validate a radiative conductivity tensor for a representative optically thick volumes. Radiative properties of the medium have been determined with the radiative distribution function identification méthod (RDFI). The extinction and absorption cumulated distribution functions of the real porous medium, issued from a Monte Carlo method are identified with the corresponding ones of an equivalent semi-transparent medium. The homogenization validity is characterised by a qualitative identification criterion. The method has been applied to a triangular and a square array of parallel cylinders. Anisotropic extinction and absorption coefficients have been calculated vs the porosity and absorptivity in the case of a diffuse and a scattering wall reflexion law. The bidirectional phase function has been determined rigorously. The radial radiative conductivity has been directly obtained by using a pertubation method of the radiative transfer equation fixed on the radiative Knudsen number. The same method has been applied to a degraded rod bundle characterized by a set of tomographied section. The scattering phenomenon is here considered isotropic. The anisotropic extinction coefficient has been calculated with the RDFI method vs porosity and surfacic specific area. The radial radiative conductivity has been expressed vs the same quantities, under some defined criterions
Giguère, Alain. "Les récepteurs nucléaires et synaptosomaux des hormones thyroïdiennes chez l'embryon de poulet, propriétés, ontogénèse et mécanisme d'action." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0020/NQ57000.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHenry, Ronan. "Caractérisation locale des propriétés à la rupture du combustible nucléaire irradié." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI031.
Повний текст джерелаThe nuclear fuel UO2 of Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) is a refractory ceramic sintered into pellets. During service, the heat produced by the nuclear reaction is transferred to the coolant by thermal conduction, leading to a significant difference of temperature between the pellet center, around 1000°C, and the pellet rim, around 500°C. At the first power rise, this gradient generates systematically large cracks which divide pellets into a few pieces. Moreover, during power transients, additional cracking is generated at the pellet rim and for simulated accidental situations, important rises of temperature lead to a complete fracturing of the fuel. Numerical simulations of the nuclear fuel behavior under irradiation needs specific properties of the material. To model the brittle cracking of the fuel in PWRs, it is necessary to experimentally measure its fracture properties and their evolution with irradiation. Nevertheless, because of pellet cracking, it is impossible to manufacture macroscopic specimens on irradiated fuel. The goal of this PhD work was to develop methods of fracture properties measurement adapted to the irradiated nuclear fuel at a room temperature. To this end, micromechanical tests has been set up to make measurements into the pieces of the cracked fuel. Two kind of tests has been studied. The first method is the nano-indentation, which has already been studied before, and were completed in this work. This method consist to make a print with a pyramidal tip on the polish surface of a sample. Depending on the load applied, cracks appear around the indentation print and the fracture toughness can be evaluated. The second method is a conventional bending test adapted to the microscopic scale. It allows the measurement of fracture toughness when the specimen is notched, and fracture stress measurement when there is no notch. To prepare such micro-specimens, a focalized ion beam (FIB) is used and a nano-indenter is employed to bend them up to fracture. To set up and validate measurements of the two methods, a model material was first used: the cubic zirconia ZrO2. The ceramic material has crystallographic and mechanical properties close to the UO2 fuel, and is not, during setting up steps, submitted to constraints linked to the nuclear environment. Then, the measurements methods has been applied to both fresh and irradiated in PWR nuclear fuel. This work showed the complementarity between the two studied methods. Indentation is a very convenient and versatile technique, which allows a large number of tests at different radial positions of irradiated fuel pellets. Micro-cantilever bending is longer to set up and use and needs several laboratory equipment, but is closer to conventional mechanical tests. It also gives needed results about fracture stress on irradiated fuels, and allows an evaluation of the resistance of specific crystallographic planes or grain boundaries, which were not accessible before on the nuclear fuel
Antony, Mariasusai. "Contribution à l'étude de la structure nucléaire par la mesure précise de défauts de masse et par l'analyse systématique de quelques propriétés macroscopiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13199.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is presented in three chapters whose contents are drawn from published works. Mass defects of the nuclei 13 (B), 19 (F), 20 (0), 25 (Na), 29 (AL), 32 (Si), 32 (S) and 39 (CL) through (t,p) and (p, [gamma]) reactions have been measured with more precision than the hitherto known values. Systematics of the isobaric multiplet mass equation and of coulomb displacement energies have been employed to predict masses and excitation energies of analogue states of the proton rich nuclei. .
Casalta, Sylvie. "Etude des propriétés du système Am-O en vue de la transmutation de l'Americium 241 en réacteur à neutrons rapides." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11036.
Повний текст джерелаDuquesne, Loys. "Caractérisation thermique de structures composites SiCf/SiC tubulaires pour applications nucléaires." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0052/document.
Повний текст джерелаResearches on the development on SiCf/SiC refractory composites for generation IV nuclear fuel cladding led the CEA to focus on the thermal behavior of these materials. In particular, knowingthe thermal properties is essential for their components design. Regarding the development of the sandwich" concept, whose complexity and geometry differ from the conventionally used at tubes,usual measurement methods are unsuitable.This PhD reports on the characterization and modeling of the thermal behavior of these structures. The first part concerns the identification of the global thermal parameters of the diferent layers of a"sandwich" sheath. To do so, a ash method is used and an experimental bench suitable for tubular geometries was developed. A new estimation method based on the combination of both collectedsignals in front and rear faces allows the identification of the thermal diffusivity of tubular composites using infrared thermography. The second part focuses on a virtual material approach, established todescribe the thermal behavior of a "sandwich" cladding, starting from the properties of the elementary components (bers and matrix). These properties, obtained using two different estimation methods,allows exploiting the measurements of two separate experiments based on infrared thermography.They are then used as data for the heat transfer modeling in these ducts. Confrontations betweenexperimental measurements and numerical results finally allow gaining insight into the in uence ofthe different key parameters governing the heat transfer
Robert-Berat, Laurence. "Influence d'une couche de zircone sur le comportement mécanique des tubes en zircaloy-4." Clermond-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF2A001.
Повний текст джерелаBertolus, Marjorie. "Modélisation à l'échelle atomique de matériaux nucléaires du cycle du combustible." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665253.
Повний текст джерелаMansour, Carine. "Spéciation des espèces soufrées dans les générateurs de vapeur des centrales nucléaires à réacteur à eau sous pression." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005107.
Повний текст джерелаPerries, Stéphane. "Propriétés de la matière nucléaire superdéformée dans les régions de masse A~190 et A~130." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10002.
Повний текст джерелаLecraz, Catherine. "Etude des réactions entre l'oxyde mixte d'uranium-plutonium et le nitrure d'uranium et entre l'oxyde d'uranium et le nitrure d'uranium." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT039G.
Повний текст джерелаDenier, Caroline. "Détermination et modélisation de propriétés thermophysiques du corium pour des applications accidents graves." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. https://theses.univ-orleans.fr/prive/accesESR/2023ORLE1073_va.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the determination and modelling thermophysical properties (density, viscosity and surface tension) of corium mix U-Zr-Fe-O representative of severe accident conditions inside the nuclear reactor vessel, at temperatures above 2000 °C. For such needs, two complementary experimental devices are used: aerodynamic levitation (at CEMHTI, CNRS Orléans) and maximum bubble pressure (at CEA Cadarache). Original measurement of those thermophysical properties are obtained on several in-vessel corium compositions (U-Zr-O) with various degree of zirconium oxidation, and separately on its components (Fe and Zr-O system). The uncertainties, both on measurement of the properties themselves and on temperature are assessed. Following the tests, sample compositions are analysed by SEM-EDS, thereby increasing the reliability of the measured data. In addition, a thermodynamic approach to surface tension modelling has been initiated and its feasibility demonstrated
Benboudjema, Farid. "Modélisation des déformations différées du béton sous sollicitations biaxiales : application aux enceintes de confinement de bâtiments réacteurs des centrales nucléaires." Marne-la-Vallée, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MARN0152.
Повний текст джерелаThe prediction of delayed strains is of crucial importance for durability and long-term serviceability of concrete structures (bridges, containment vessels of nuclear power plants, etc. ). Indeed, creep and shrinkage cause cracking, losses of pre-stress and redistribution of stresses, and also, rarely, the ruin of the structure. The objective of this work is to develop numerical tools, able to predict the long-term behavior of concrete structures. Thus, a new hydro mechanical model is developed, including the description of drying, shrinkage, creep and cracking phenomena for concrete as a nonsaturated porous medium. The modeling of drying shrinkage is based on an unified approach of creep and shrinkage. Basic and drying creep models are based on relevant chemo-physical mechanisms, which occur at different scales of the cement paste. The basic creep is explicitly related to the micro-diffusion of the adsorbed water between interhydrates and intrahydrates and the capillary pores, and the sliding of the C-S-H gel at the nano-porosity level. The drying creep is induced by the micro-diffusion of the adsorbed water at different scales of the porosity, under the simultaneous effects of drying and mechanical loadings. Drying shrinkage is, therefore, assumed to result from the elastic and delayed response of the solid skeleton, submitted to both capillary and disjoining pressures. Furthermore, the cracking behavior of concrete is described by an orthotropic elastoplastic damage model. The coupling between all these phenomena is performed by using effective stresses which account for both external applied stresses and pore pressures
Adnet, Jean-Marc. "Extraction sélective des actinides des effluents de haute activité. Etude des possibilités offertes par les propriétés redox des actinides." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT001G.
Повний текст джерелаLamy, Michael. "Réversibilité des verres nucléaires : application du procédé sol-gel au confinement des déchets radioactifs." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20183.
Повний текст джерелаJason, Ludovic. "Relation endommagement perméabilité pour les bétons : application aux calculs de structures." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2078.
Повний текст джерелаThe relation between damage and permeability is of great importance to evaluate the consequences of a mechanical loading on the hydraulic integrity of sensitive concrete structures like containment buildings of nuclear power plants. An elastic plastic damage constitutive law for the mechanical behaviour is first developed. The model is validated on elementary and structural applications with a special focus on the efficiency of the numerical tools (tangent matrices). A relation between water saturation (drying), damage and permeability is then proposed, based on theoretical and experimental observations. Finally, a Representative Structural Volume of a containment vessel is studied to highlight the influence of hygro - mechanical loading on the hydraulic behaviour (distribution of gas pressure)
Bardez, Isabelle. "Etude des caractéristiques structurales et des propriétés de verres riches en terres rares destinés au confinement des produits de fission et éléments à vie longue." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001075.
Повний текст джерелаLepeytre, Célia. "Etude de la réduction de UO2F2. Influence de la température, de la vapeur d'eau, du dihydrogène et du fluorure d'hydrogène." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20060.
Повний текст джерелаGracia, Jérémy. "Étude du comportement du stéarate du zinc en température et sous irradiation - impact sur les propriétés de lubrification." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0028/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe manufacturing of nuclear fuels UO2-30%PuO2 for the Gen IV nuclear reactors is based on the use of plutonium coming from MOX (Mixed OXides) fuel recycling from actual reactor. This plutonium would contain a few quantities of fissionable isotopes and a significant amount (x30) of 238Pu compared to initial Pu. This isotope possesses a strong alpha activity and a great thermal power. The manufacturing process which consists in powders pressing will use zinc stearate, an additive used as lubricant. The aim of this PhD is to study the behaviour in temperature and under irradiation of this compound. An effect of temperature increasing and thermal ageing has been observed on crystallographic properties with a material amorphisation and a deterioration of lubricant properties from 110°C. Radiolytic degradation of zinc stearate has been studied through the analysis of gases produced by alpha radiation at the contact of PuO2 powders or by external radiation by helions, with the support of chemical analysis of irradiated solid. Gaz production yields are calculated and enable establishment of a radiolysis mechanism. It has been showed that impact of radiolysis on lubricant properties is less important than temperature effect. The coupling of degradations has a synergic effect, with a deterioration of lubricant properties observed at lower temperature compared to non-irradiated material. From these results, recommendations for use of zinc stearate have been proposed
Fossati, Paul. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés mécaniques du combustible nucléaire : Modélisation atomistique de la déformation du dioxyde d'uranium." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780059.
Повний текст джерелаMadian, Ahmed. "Étude de l’influence des caractéristiques physiques des poudres UO2 sur leurs propriétés rhéologiques." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2461/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe nuclear fuel for the fourth generation sodium-cooled fast neutron reactors presents characteristics which differentiate it from that used in Pressurized Water Reactors: a homogeneous structure (U,Pu)O2, an annular geometry and a high content of PuO2. The manufacturing process of the fuel pellets starts with the realization of a UO2/PuO2 mixture by co-grinding followed by forming by pressing. However, the UO2/PuO2 mixture does not exhibit the suitable properties for a reproducible filling of annular press moulds. An intermediate operation, between the co-grinding and the shaping, is necessary to facilitate the filling of the moulds. To direct the choice of this operation, a separate effects study was carried out on UO2 granules, considered as representative of the crushed powder in a first approach. The investigated target physical characteristics are the powder size distribution and morphology. Therefore, mixtures of granules of various sizes were characterized to evaluate the influence of the quantity of fines (particles with a size lower than 100 μm) on the rheological properties. In parallel an intercomparison study between shear cells of different volumes and types (Schulze cell and FT4) was carried out in order to have a good compromise between the quantity of powder used and the quality of the results. A first objective was to determine the proportion of fines acceptable. Then to evaluate the effect of the surface quality of the granules, an operation of spheroidization was carried out. This resulted in modifying the granules roughness. It has been shown that both the fines ratio and the surface roughness are influential parameters that make it possible to modify the rheological properties. In particular within the framework of this study, the presence of fines with a size lower than 100 μm does not seem to have a negative impact on incipient flow up to about 10 w%. On the contrary, other properties such as permeability are sensitive to the fines amount, even below 10 w%. A spheroidization stage enables to improve incipient flow properties of the powder even above 10 w% of fines. These results lead to two possible action modes, which are the grain size selection and the spheroidization, the latter being the most adapted for our application
Zakari, Abdoul-Aziz. "Étude des propriétés de désintégration bêta de produits de fission d’intérêt pour les spectres en énergie des antineutrinos et la puissance résiduelle des réacteurs nucléaires." Nantes, 2015. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=d81c2947-f2d6-4e07-8b6a-57857725e694.
Повний текст джерелаFission product beta decay properties play a crucial role in the physics of nuclear reactors, as being the origin of the decay heat, a key parameter for nuclear safety, of betadelayed neutron emission and of the emission of electronic antineutrinos. However, the decay properties of some fission products remain unknown or incomplete. Indeed in some cases, their data suffer from the “Pandemonium” effect, which is due to the conventional use of highresolution Germanium detectors, especially when high energy excited levels are populated in the daughter nucleus. This bias may lead to an underestimation of the beta decay branches to higher energy excited levels of the daughter nucleus and constitute a systematic bias in the decay data. An alternative experimental technique is the use of Total Absorption Spectroscopy (TAS), consisting in using a high efficiency detection array. In this PhD, we have measured with the TAS technique the beta properties of 92Rb and 93Rb, two fission products selected for their important contribution to the Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) antineutrino energy spectrum and in the case of 92Rb, for its contribution to the 235U decay heat. New measurements of the beta decay properties of these nuclei have been performed at the JYFL facility (Jyväskylä, Finland). In this manuscript are presented the performed data analysis, the extracted beta feedings of 92,93Rb nuclei and their impact on the calculation of reactor antineutrino energy spectra as well as on the calculation of the decay heat of the main uranium and plutonium isotopes contributing to the fissions in a PWR
Hourdequin, Nicolas. "Contribution à la modélisation du comportement mécanique des combustibles REP sous irradiation, avec en particulier le traitement de l'interaction pastille-gaine dans un crayon combustible." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0408.
Повний текст джерелаHansen, Erik. "Étude de l'incorporation de fer, nickel et chrome dans les verres de conditionnement de déchets nucléaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0349.
Повний текст джерелаThe present work focuses on the incorporation of iron oxide, nickel oxide and chromium oxide in peraluminous borosilicate glasses from the SiO₂-B₂O₃-Al₂O₃-CaO-Na₂O-Li₂O-La₂O₃ system. They are studied in the context of future nuclear waste conditioning. The specificity of this type of glasses (peraluminous) is a lack of modifier elements (Na₂O, CaO) compared to the amount of alumina. This study was divided in two steps. First, the incorporation of iron oxide, nickel oxide and chromium oxide added separately to the glass was conducted, in order to understand their specific impact on the glass, in terms of incorporation limit, crystalline phases above this limit, glass structure around those elements and properties (viscosity, Tg). Second, the incorporation of the three oxides at once, to get closer to the real waste glass system and to detect possible synergies between these elements. Added one by one to peraluminous glasses, iron oxide and nickel oxide display high incorporation limits in peraluminous glasses at the micro-structural level (about 17.5 and 12 wt. % respectively after quenching). However, chromium oxide has a low solubility, about 0.5 wt. %. For the structural aspect, the proportions and coordination of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ in the iron oxide doped glass was quantified through Mössbauer spectroscopy, showing a large contribution of Fe³⁺(6). UV-Visible spectroscopy also allowed the determination of the valence and coordination of nickel and chromium in their respective glasses, Ni²⁺(4) and Ni²⁺(5) on the one side, Cr⁶⁺(4) and Cr³⁺(6) on the other side. In terms of their impact on the properties of the glass, it appears that the addition of each of those oxides has little impact on the Tg of the glass. However, iron and nickel oxide have a strong impact on the viscosity of the glass melts, an increase in their amounts in the glass leading to a strong fludisation of the melt. The addition of chromium oxide, limited to a short range [0.0; 2.0] wt. %, has a negligible effect on the glass viscosity. When iron oxide, nickel oxide and chromium oxide are added together to peraluminous glasses, it appears that their behavior regarding crystallization is close to that of chromium oxide, with a low solubility limit mainly determined by the chromium oxide content. The crystalline phases appearing above this limit are also similar to those already identified in chromium doped glasses. In some glasses less rich in chromium oxide, a second crystalline phase is observed, spinel-like (Ni²⁺, Fe²⁺)(Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺, Al³⁺)₂O₄. When they are added together and in a more narrow range , the effect on viscosity of those oxides is only slight, without any noteworthy synergies. The long-term behavior of those glass was also studied (V₀, VR). It appears that their behavior during water alteration is very close, whether they are homogeneous glasses below the Fe, Ni, Cr solubility limit , or glasses presenting with crystallization above it
Le, Meur Loïc. "Etude des propriétés de désintégration bêta de noyaux exotiques d'intérêts pour la physique des réacteurs, la structure nucléaire et l'astrophysique nucléaire, à l'aide de la technique de Spectroscopie Gamma par Absorption Totale (TAGS)." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4060/document.
Повний текст джерелаBeta decay is involved in many topics in nuclear physics : reactor physics, nuclear astrophysics, nuclear structure… Many experiments have investigated the properties of beta decay of a number of nuclei, the latter being more and more exotic along with technological advances. But in some cases, data suffer from the “Pandemonium” effect. Known since the seventies, this effect is due to the use of high-resolution germanium detectors which have a very low efficiency to detect high energy photons. This may lead to an underestimation of the beta-intensity feeding the high energy levels. To overcome the problem, we use a technique with high intrinsic and geometric efficiencies: the Total Absorption Gamma-ray Spectroscopy (TAGS). In this work, we will focus on the study of three nuclei, measured at IGISOL in Finland, with the fragmented detector DTAS. We present the experimental results and the associated betaintensities, and compared them with the existing databases. This comparison shows a non-negligeable amount of beta-intensity that was not detected before for the three studied nuclei. Then we discuss the impacts of these new results on the reactor calculations (antineutrino spectra, decay heat), and analyze the β-feeding of the high energy levels in the daughter nuclei to study Pygmy Dipole Resonances (PDR or low lying resonances). Lastly, our experimental β-strengths are compared with the Gamow-Teller strengths obtained with a QRPA model
Conocar, Olivier. "Synthèse et caractérisation de gels hybrides de silice à propriétés complexantes : applications à l'extraction des transuraniens des effluents aqueux." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20202.
Повний текст джерелаRoque, Vincent. "Caractérisation par méthodes micro-acoustiques de pastilles de dioxyde d'uranium." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20222.
Повний текст джерелаLateb, Ghania. "Hétérogénéité d'une formation géologique sur 100 km ? : comparaison d'une argile remaniée et non remaniée." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECAP0659.
Повний текст джерелаEl, Ouenzerfi Riadh. "Propriétes thermodynamiques des britholites CaxLay(SiO4)6-u(PO4)uO1, étude des propriétés de fixation et de diffusion des ions lanthanides et transuraniens dans les britholites : application dans le domaine des luminophores et du stockage des déchets nucléaires." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10025.
Повний текст джерелаHenri, Maxime. "Etude des propriétés de transport et d'équilibration de la matière nucléaire dans le domaine de l'énergie de Fermi." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC239/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe nuclear matter equation of the state is an essential tool in the description of heavy ion collisions,but also in the description of the formation of astrophysical objects or phenomena (neutron star structure,neutron stars fusion). Establishing the nuclear matter equation of state requires a proper definition of thethermodynamic conditions (density, temperature, proton/neutron asymmetry) in which the system evolves.In this work, we address the issue of equilibration reached in heavy ion collisions, in terms of energy andisospin. To do this, we use the experimental database of the INDRA array built by the collaboration over thepast 25 years, focusing on central collisions in the Fermi energy domain, between 10 and 100 MeV/nucleon.In this document, we present how, with the help of dedicated simulations, it has been possible to link thestopping power of nuclear matter to the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross-section. We also provide someanswers regarding isospin transport in central collisions using the isobaric ratios A = 3 based on the tritonsand helium-3 particles. These different results allow us to highlight the new experimental apparatus devel-loped by the INDRA and FAZIA collaborations : the FAZIA array. The latter is the result of a ten-yearperiod of research and development, resulting in an array embedded its digital electronic under vacuum, withincreased identification performance (measurement of the Z charge and A mass up to Z = 25) compared tothe previous generations arrays
Janots, Emilie. "Propriétés thermochimiques et relations de phase des minéraux de terres rares : stabilité dans le milieu naturel et application au stockage des actinides en contexte géologique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00477162.
Повний текст джерелаSaad, Rawad. "Etudes physico-chimiques des plasmas induits par laser pour l'analyse quantitative des matériaux dans les systèmes nucléaires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0172/document.
Повний текст джерелаLaser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a multi-elemental analysistechnique very well suited for analysis in hostile environments particularly in thenuclear industry. Quantitative measurements are frequently performed on liquid orsolid samples but in some cases, atypical signal behaviors were observed in theLIBS experiment. To avoid or minimize any impact on measurement accuracy, it isnecessary to improve the understanding of these phenomena. In the framework of athree-year PhD thesis, the objective was to study the chemical reactions occurringwithin laser-generated plasma in a LIBS analysis. Experiments on a model material (pure aluminum sample) highlighted thedynamics of molecular recombination according to different ambient gas. Thetemporal evolution of Al I atomic emission lines and molecular bands of AlO and AlNwere studied. A collisional excitation effect was identified for a peculiar electronicenergy level of aluminum in the case of a nitrogen atmosphere. This effectdisappeared in air. The aluminum plasma was also imaged during its expansionunder the different atmospheres in order to localize the areas in which the molecularrecombination process takes place. Spectacular particle projections have beenhighlighted
Marchetti, Mara. "Elastic properties characterization of nuclear fuels under extreme conditions." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS053/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe focus of the present thesis is the determination of the elastic properties of nuclear fuel using high frequency acoustic microscopy. The nuclear fuel is considered under three different conditions: during its normal life in reactor, after its discharge and disposal in interim or long-term storage and subsequently to its severe degradation caused by a nuclear accident. Measurements performed on irradiated fuels allowed to validate a law between the density of fresh and irradiated fuel and the Rayleigh wave velocity; the determination of the irradiated fuel porosity and matrix swelling in the broad burnup range 0-100 GWdt-1M; the development of an empirical model capable of predicting the evolution of Young's modulus versus burnup correcting also for the additives content (Gd2O3, CeO2); Young's modulus evolution due to alpha-decay damage as in-storage condition; first corium measurements. Moreover, several UO2 thermal parameters were calculated only by means of the Rayleigh wave velocity thanks to the link between thermal and elastic properties
Fodil, Abderrahmane. "Étude du comportement mécanique d'argiles naturelles de l'expérience à la modélisation." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECAP0575.
Повний текст джерелаBouzon, Christophe. "Influence des paramètres de synthèse sur les propriétés d'une optode chimique préparées par procédé sol-gel. Application à l'analyse en ligne de fortes acidités." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20122.
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