Книги з теми "Proportional Fair"
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1
Dabbs, Gordon. Epic fail: Gaining wisdom from failures of biblical proportion. Abilene, Texas: Leafwood Publishers, 2013.
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2
Bollinger, Andrea. Henry David Thoreaus "World of full and fair proportions": Gesellschaftskritik, Sozialreform und Utopie in Neuengland. Bern: P. Lang, 1995.
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3
Levain, Jean-Pierre. Faire des maths autrement: Développement cognitif et proportionnalité. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1997.
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4
Fair Representation: Meeting the Ideal of One Man, One Vote. 2nd ed. Brookings Institution Press, 2001.
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5
Making Sense of Maths: Fair Shares - Fractions, Decimals, Ratio and Proportion. Hodder Education Group, 2012.
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6
Hicks, John Mark. Epic Fail: Gaining Wisdom from Failures of Biblical Proportion. Abilene Christian University Press, 2013.
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7
Eade, Frank, Paul Dickinson, Susan Hough, Steve Gough, and Stella Dudzic. Making Sense of Maths - Fair Shares: Fractions, Decimals, Percentages, Ratio and Proportion. Hodder Education Group, 2012.
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8
Williams, Cliff T. Our Fairy Tale Lives: A Short Story of Epic Proportions. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2012.
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9
Dickinson, Paul, and Susan Hough. Making Sense of Maths : Fair Shares - Student Book: Fractions, Percentages, Ratio, Decimals and Proportion. Hodder Education Group, 2012.
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10
Slimcoh. Fashion Book: Carnet de Mode - Crée Tes Tenues Sur des Mannequin déjà Fait et Parfaitement Proportionné. Independently Published, 2020.
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11
Owens, Jonathan. A House of Sound Structure, of Marvelous form and Proportion. Edited by Jonathan Owens. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764136.013.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article begins by defending the so-called Proposition 1, which claims that for the linguist Arabic is the most interesting language in the world. It then describes the handbook’s scope and choice of topics, followed by a discussion of the real world of research on Arabic. It suggests that the study of a language must be more than the sum of its parts. However, as far as Arabic goes, a holistic linguistic tradition remains an unrealized desideratum. A number of factors continue to militate against this development, including the fact that Arabic is a very large language, the stovepiping characteristic of contemporary academia and the clash of academic and cultural traditions. Finally, the article discusses how the only approach that does justice to Proposition 1 is one grounded in radically open-minded empiricism.
12
Adelstein, Richard. Crime and Punishment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190694272.003.0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter elaborates the operation of criminal liability by closely considering efficient crimes and the law’s stance toward them, shows how its commitment to proportional punishment prevents the probability scaling that systemically efficient allocation requires, and discusses the procedures that determine the actual liability prices imposed on offenders. Efficient crimes are effectively encouraged by proportional punishment, and their nature and implications are examined. But proportional punishment precludes probability scaling, and induces far more than the systemically efficient number of crimes. Liability prices that match the specific costs imposed by the offender at bar are sought through a two-stage procedure of legislative determination of punishment ranges ex ante and judicial determination of exact prices ex post, which creates a dilemma: whether to price crimes accurately in the past or deter them accurately in the future. An illustrative Supreme Court case bringing all these themes together is discussed in conclusion.
13
Clapham, Andrew. 5. Deprivations of life and liberty. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198706168.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
‘Deprivations of life and liberty’ considers the rights to life and liberty, which may be limited through legal restrictions designed to protect a defined legitimate objective. The human rights approach starts from a presumption that we all have rights to liberty, freedom of expression, belief, assembly, association, property, and fair trial. Any restriction on these rights has to be justified as proportionate to the aims pursued by the restriction according to a four-stage schema developed in human rights law. Is the right to life absolute? When is the detention of an individual lawful?
14
Sime, Stuart. 4. Overriding Objective and Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198823100.003.0374.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter discusses the sources of procedural law, the general principles relevant to civil procedure established by the overriding objective, the European Convention on Human Rights, and some rules on how the courts approach construing the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (CPR). The CPR and practice directions (PDs) are the procedural rules governing civil proceedings. The most important rule is the ‘overriding objective’ of dealing with claims justly and at proportionate cost. The most important Convention rights in civil litigation are the right to a fair trial, the right to respect for private and family life, and the right to freedom of expression.
15
Sime, Stuart. 4. Overriding objective and human rights. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787570.003.0374.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter discusses the sources of procedural law, the general principles relevant to civil procedure established by the overriding objective, the European Convention on Human Rights, and some rules on how the courts approach construing the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (CPR). The CPR and practice directions (PDs) are the procedural rules governing civil proceedings. The most important rule is the ‘overriding objective’ of dealing with claims justly and at proportionate cost. The most important Convention rights in civil litigation are the right to a fair trial, the right to respect for private and family life, and the right to freedom of expression.
16
Sime, Stuart. 4. Overriding objective and human rights. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198747673.003.0374.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter discusses the sources of procedural law, the general principles relevant to civil procedure established by the overriding objective, the European Convention on Human Rights, and some rules on how the courts approach construing the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (CPR). The CPR and practice directions (PDs) are the procedural rules governing civil proceedings. The most important rule is the ‘overriding objective’ of dealing with claims justly and at proportionate cost. The most important Convention rights in civil litigation are the right to a fair trial, the right to respect for private and family life, and the right to freedom of expression.
17
Deruelle, Nathalie, and Jean-Philippe Uzan. The post-Newtonian approximation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786399.003.0052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter embarks on a study of the two-body problem in general relativity. In other words, it seeks to describe the motion of two compact, self-gravitating bodies which are far-separated and moving slowly. It limits the discussion to corrections proportional to v2 ~ m/R, the so-called post-Newtonian or 1PN corrections to Newton’s universal law of attraction. The chapter first examines the gravitational field, that is, the metric, created by the two bodies. It then derives the equations of motion, and finally the actual motion, that is, the post-Keplerian trajectories, which generalize the post-Keplerian geodesics obtained earlier in the chapter.
18
Fassin, Didier. Who Gets Punished? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190888589.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Who gets punished? We believe that punishment should be both just, i.e. proportionate to the offense, and fair, i.e. equitably distributed across society. Yet this is frequently not the case, and there are considerable excesses and disparities in practice. This observation therefore leads to a second question: What do we think should be punished? Statistical and observational data indicate that the differences in severity are related not to the seriousness of the offense but to the social characteristics of the offenders. The final question then becomes: Whom do we deem punishable, and whom do we want to spare? Following Foucault, one can see that punishment serves not only to reduce crime or dispense justice but also, and perhaps above all, to differentiate society.
19
Chubb, Charles, Joseph Darcy, Michael S. Landy, John Econopouly, Dan Bindman Jong-Ho Nam, and George Sperling. The Scramble Illusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0096.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A “scramble” is a visual texture in which different gray levels are randomly mixed together. Past research has demonstrated that human vision has three dimensions of sensitivity to the different sorts of scrambles that can be created by varying the proportions of different gray levels included in the scramble. This chapter demonstrates two scrambles with dramatically different gray level histograms that appear identical unless the observer is specifically instructed to scrutinize each of them individually. It is argued that people fail to notice any difference between these two scrambles because there exist only three distinct classes of texture-sensitive neurons in the human brain that are differentially sensitive to scrambles, and in each of them these two scrambles produce identical levels of activation.
20
Koser, Khalid. 6. Refugees and asylum-seekers. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198753773.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Asylum-seekers are those who have applied for international protection. Asylum status is still governed by the 1951 United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. ‘Refugees and asylum-seekers’ explains the changing geography of refugees and the causes and consequences of refugee movements. Refugees tend not to travel very far, putting strain on the poorest countries, and mostly settle in camps, which suffer from aid misappropriation. There are three durable solutions for refugees: voluntary repatriation, local integration, and third-country settlement. Each can be problematic and none is working well at the moment, as demonstrated by rising numbers of refugees, the increasing proportion of protracted refugee situations, and fewer returns.
21
Monforti, Jessica Lavariega. One Hundred Years since Women’s Suffrage. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190265144.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One hundred years since women won the right to vote in federal elections, the representation of women in elected office falls far below proportionality. The disparity is even greater for women of color: while significant proportions of the US population are Asian American, Black, and Latina women, few women of color hold elective office. Of the ninety-seven women who were elected in 2012 and are serving in the 113th Congress, only nine are Latina. These women are often marginalized by both their ethnorace and their gender. This chapter examines one hundred years of Latina political candidates, those who successfully ran for federal office, and the multiple, intersecting marginalities they faced and conquered in order to win their congressional elections.
22
Whitridge, Peter. Classic Thule [Classic Precontact Inuit]. Edited by Max Friesen and Owen Mason. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766956.013.41.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries A.D., the ancestors of modern Inuit settled into the Eastern Arctic, building durable regional economies that were integrated through a far-flung trading network. Although cultural and economic diversity increased over time, a hallmark of this period was bowhead whaling, which supplied a significant proportion of the food, fuel, and raw materials consumed in many areas, and shaped social and political life by virtue of the importance of boat-crew-based organization. A western Arctic flavor to this pattern is reflected in the ubiquity of a combined dance house–men’s house and associated shared-mound house group, both of which decline or undergo substantial transformation during later precontact times, after a collapse of whaling coincident with the onset of the Little Ice Age.
23
Tracy, James D. Trade across Eurasia to about 1750. Edited by Jerry H. Bentley. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199235810.013.0017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article discusses trade across Europe and Asia up to 1750. It describes merchants, towns, and mercantile strategy in ca. 3500–143 bce; trade under the aegis of empire, ca. 560 bce–600 ce; China, Islam, and the Mongols in 589–1500; and Europe in the East, ca. 1100–1750. In Asia Minor, distribution clusters near the source-points, then fall off in proportion to distance. What is clear is that the habit of exchange extends far back into the human past. This article's discussion deals with long-distance traffic in luxury goods, and only for Eurasia and parts of Africa. While evidence of ancient trade is not lacking elsewhere, it is only for Eurasia that one can track the local connections that would eventually be knitted into a global framework. From about 3500 bce, commercial institutions slowly radiated outwards from southern Mesopotamia.
24
Batchvarov, Kroum N. Shipwreck Reconstruction Based on the Archaeological Record: Mediterranean Whole-Molding and the Kitten Wreck Case Study. Edited by Ben Ford, Donny L. Hamilton, and Alexis Catsambis. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199336005.013.0011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article gives a case study based on the archaeological evidence of the wrecks from Catalonia, Yassiada, Sardineaux, and Kitten. It gives the description of the hull and the process of reconstruction of the Kitten vessel, based on archaeological evidence. The Kitten shipwreck is the first, and so far only, example of a postmedieval ship from the Black Sea to have been excavated and recorded, and for this reason, no exact parallels for this wreck have been published. The reconstructed method of controlling the shape of the Kitten vessel fits well with the tradition recorded in documents of the Italian Renaissance. The lines of the Kitten vessel were reconstructed from the archaeological evidence, traditional proportions, iconography, and limited comparative material from vernacular boats. This article describes the whole procedure of reconstruction and molding of the Kitten vessel, from shipwreck reconstruction, based on archaeological record.
25
Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Edited by Deborah E. McDowell. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199539079.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
‘I was born in Tuckahoe. I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it. By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of their ages as horses know of theirs, and it is the wish of most masters within my knowledge to keep their slaves thus ignorant.’ Thus begins the autobiography of Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) who was born into slavery in Maryland and after his escape to Massachusetts in 1838 became an ardent abolitionist and campaigner for womenߣs rights. His Narrative, which became an instant bestseller on publication in 1845, describes his life as a slave, the cruelty he suffered at the hands of his masters, his struggle to educate himself and his fight for freedom. Passionately written, often using striking biblical imagery, the Narrative came to assume epic proportions as a founding anti-slavery text in which Douglass carefully crafted both his life story and his persona. This new edition examines Douglass, the man and the myth, his complex relationship with women and the enduring power of his book. It includes extracts from Douglassߣs primary sources and examples of his writing on women's rights.
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Akyüz, Yilmaz. Playing with Fire. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797173.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
From the early 1990s many emerging and developing economies (EDEs) liberalized their capital accounts, allowing greater freedom for international lenders and investors to enter their markets, as well as for their residents to operate in international financial markets. Despite recurrent crises, liberalization has accelerated in the new millennium. Global financial integration of EDEs has been greatly facilitated by progressively looser US monetary policy, notably policies culminating in crises in the US and Europe and the ultra-easy monetary policies adopted in response. Not only have traditional cross-border financial linkages of EDEs deepened and their external balance sheets expanded rapidly, but also foreign presence in their domestic markets and the presence of their nationals in foreign markets have reached unprecedented proportions. As a result new channels have emerged for the transmission of financial shocks from global boom–bust cycles. Almost all EDEs are now vulnerable irrespective of their balance-of-payments, external debt, net foreign assets, and international reserves positions, although these play an important role in the way such shocks could impinge on them. This is a matter for concern since the multilateral system lacks mechanisms to prevent beggar-thy-neighbour policies in major advanced economies that exert strong impact on global economic and financial conditions or for orderly and equitable resolution of financial crises with international dimensions. This volume provides a comprehensive treatment of global financial linkages of EDEs and the vulnerabilities they entail, based on a rich set of data and information that have not been put together so far in the literature.
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Harte, Liam, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Modern Irish Fiction. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754893.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Oxford Handbook of Modern Irish Fiction presents authoritative essays by thirty-five distinguished scholars of Irish fiction. Collectively, they provide accessible and incisive assessments of the breadth and achievement of Ireland’s modern novelists and short story writers, whose contribution to the evolution and modification of these unique art forms has been far out of proportion to the country’s small size. The volume brings an impressive variety of critical perspectives to bear on the development of modern Irish fiction, situating authors, texts, and genres in their social, intellectual, and literary-historical contexts. The Handbook’s coverage encompasses an expansive range of topics, including the nature and function of the Irish Gothic mode; nineteenth-century Irish women’s fiction and its influence on emergent modernism and cultural nationalism; the diverse modes of irony, fabulism, and social realism that characterize the fiction of the Irish Literary Revival; the fearless aesthetic radicalism of James Joyce; the jolting narratological experiments of Samuel Beckett, Flann O’Brien, and Máirtín Ó Cadhain; the fate of the realist and modernist traditions in the work of Elizabeth Bowen, Frank O’Connor, Seán O’Faoláin, and Mary Lavin, and in that of their ambivalent heirs, Edna O’Brien, John McGahern, and John Banville; the subversive treatment of sexuality and gender in Northern Irish women’s fiction written during and after the Troubles; the often neglected genres of Irish crime fiction, science fiction, and fiction for children; the many-hued novelistic responses to the experiences of famine, revolution, and emigration; and the variety and vibrancy of post-millennial fiction from both parts of Ireland. Readably written and employing a wealth of original research, The Oxford Handbook of Modern Irish Fiction illuminates a distinguished literary tradition that has altered the shape of world literature.
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Rostow, W. W. The Great Population Spike and After. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195116915.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Midway through the eighteenth century, the rate of growth for the world's population was roughly at zero. Immediately after World War II, it was just above 2 percent. Ever since, it has fallen steadily. This new book, the latest offering from a distinguished expert on international economics, tells readers what this stagnation or fall in population will mean--economically, politically, and historically--for the nations of the world. W. W. Rostow not only traces the whole global arc of this "great population spike"--he looks far beyond it. What he sees will interest anyone curious about what is in store for the world's financial and governmental systems. The Great Population Spike and After: Reflections on the 21st Century contends that, as the decline in population now occurring in the industrialized world spreads to all of the presently developing countries, the global rate of population will fall to the "zero" level circa 2100. (Indeed, with the exception of Africa south of the Sahara, it could reach "zero" long before then.) This being so, how will it be possible to maintain full employment and social services with a decelerating population? What will societies do when the proportion of the working force (as now defined) diminishes radically in relation to the population of poor or elderly dependents? How will the countries of the world confront subsequent decreases in population-related investment? In answering these queries, this bold study asserts that the United States is not the "last remaining superpower" but the "critical margin" without whose support no constructive action on the world scene can succeed. Rostow takes the view that world peace will depend on our government's ability to assume responsibly this "critical margin" role. Further, he argues that, over a period of time, the execution of this strategy on the international scene will require a bipartisan, relentless effort to solve the combustible social problems that weaken not only our cities but our whole society.
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Fitzmyer , S.J., Joseph A. The Acts of the Apostles. Yale University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780300261660.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For anyone interested in the origins of Christianity, Joseph A. Fitzmyer's The Acts of the Apostles is indispensable. Beginning with the Ascension of Christ into heaven, and ending with Paul proclaiming the kingdom of God from a prison in Rome, this New Testament narrative picks up where the Gospel of Luke left off. The Acts of the Apostles is indeed a journey of nearly epic proportions--and one that requires a guide as adept as Fitzmyer. Since Acts was most likely written by the same person who composed the Gospel of Luke, it is only fitting that the Anchor Bible Commentaries on these New Testament books should be written by the same author. With The Acts of the Apostles, Fitzmyer gives readers the long-awaited companion to his two-volume commentary on the Gospel of Luke. The Four Gospels recount the life and teachings of Jesus, but only the book of the Acts of the Apostles tells the story of what happened after Jesus’ departure. In this second of St. Luke’s two-volume work, he picks up with Jesus saying farewell to his followers; then Luke tells the fast-paced story of the birth and growth of the early church. This narrative reads like a major breaking news story, with the apostles Peter and Paul as the main characters. The interpretation of Acts requires a scholar of the highest quality. As he demonstrates in The Acts of the Apostles, Joseph Fitzmyer not only is up to the task but establishes once again why he is ranked among the world’s top biblical scholars. Far from being a rehash of old ideas and well-rehearsed theories, Fitzmyer’s commentary distinguishes itself as the capstone of his career, with a new synthesis of all the relevant data from the Roman world to the present. He provides a thorough introduction to the background, text, and context of the book, as well as chapter-by-chapter notes and comments in which are offered insights and answers to questions that have long plagued preachers and parishioners, teachers and students. This commentary is destined to join Fitzmyer’s Anchor Bible commentaries on the Gospel According to Luke and the Epistle to the Romans as the most authoritative commentary available on Acts.
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Woinarski, John, Andrew Burbidge, and Peter Harrison. Action Plan for Australian Mammals 2012. CSIRO Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643108745.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Action Plan for Australian Mammals 2012 is the first review to assess the conservation status of all Australian mammals. It complements The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010 (Garnett et al. 2011, CSIRO Publishing), and although the number of Australian mammal taxa is marginally fewer than for birds, the proportion of endemic, extinct and threatened mammal taxa is far greater. These authoritative reviews represent an important foundation for understanding the current status, fate and future of the nature of Australia.
This book considers all species and subspecies of Australian mammals, including those of external territories and territorial seas. For all the mammal taxa (about 300 species and subspecies) considered Extinct, Threatened, Near Threatened or Data Deficient, the size and trend of their population is presented along with information on geographic range and trend, and relevant biological and ecological data. The book also presents the current conservation status of each taxon under Australian legislation, what additional information is needed for managers, and the required management actions. Recovery plans, where they exist, are evaluated.
The voluntary participation of more than 200 mammal experts has ensured that the conservation status and information are as accurate as possible, and allowed considerable unpublished data to be included. All accounts include maps based on the latest data from Australian state and territory agencies, from published scientific literature and other sources.
The Action Plan concludes that 29 Australian mammal species have become extinct and 63 species are threatened and require urgent conservation action. However, it also shows that, where guided by sound knowledge, management capability and resourcing, and longer-term commitment, there have been some notable conservation success stories, and the conservation status of some species has greatly improved over the past few decades.
The Action Plan for Australian Mammals 2012 makes a major contribution to the conservation of a wonderful legacy that is a significant part of Australia’s heritage. For such a legacy to endure, our society must be more aware of and empathetic with our distinctively Australian environment, and particularly its marvellous mammal fauna; relevant information must be readily accessible; environmental policy and law must be based on sound evidence; those with responsibility for environmental management must be aware of what priority actions they should take; the urgency for action (and consequences of inaction) must be clear; and the opportunity for hope and success must be recognised. It is in this spirit that this account is offered.
Winner of a 2015 Whitley Awards Certificate of Commendation for Zoological Resource.