Готові списки джерел за темами / Prolong Apnea

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Prolong Apnea"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Prolong Apnea"

Schagatay, Erika, Johan P. A. Andersson, Magnus Hallén, and Birger Pålsson. "Selected Contribution: Role of spleen emptying in prolonging apneas in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 90, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 1623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.90.4.1623.

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This study addressed the interaction between short-term adaptation to apneas with face immersion and erythrocyte release from the spleen. Twenty healthy volunteers, including ten splenectomized subjects, participated. After prone rest, they performed five maximal-duration apneas with face immersion in 10°C water, with 2-min intervals. Cardiorespiratory parameters and venous blood samples were collected. In subjects with spleens, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration increased by 6.4% and 3.3%, respectively, over the serial apneas and returned to baseline 10 min after the series. A delay of the physiological breaking point of apnea, by 30.5% (17 s), was seen only in this group. These parameters did not change in the splenectomized group. Plasma protein concentration, preapneic alveolar Pco 2, inspired lung volume, and diving bradycardia remained unchanged throughout the series in both groups. Serial apneas thus triggered the hematological changes that have been previously observed after long apneic diving shifts; they were rapidly reversed and did not occur in splenectomized subjects. This suggests that splenic contraction occurs in humans as a part of the diving response and may prolong repeated apneas.

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Dhakal, Y., B. Bhattarai, S. Khatiwada, and A. Subedi. "Effect of Positive Airway Pressure During Preoxygenation on Safe Apnea Period: a comparison of the supine and 25° head up position." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 18, no. 2 (December 6, 2020): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v18i2.33258.

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Background Preoxygenation is performed before induction of anaesthesia which increases oxygen reserve and provides delayed onset of hypoxia during period of apnea. Several techniques such as positive airway pressure and head-up tilt during preoxygenation have shown to prolong safe apnea period compared to conventional technique. However, uniform recommendations have not yet been made. Objective To find out the effect of combination of 5 cmH2O continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and 25° head up position during preoxygenation on safe apnea period. Method In this comparative study 60 non-obese adult patients were divided into three equal groups; Group C receiving preoxygenation in conventional technique, Group S receiving preoxygenation with 5 cmH2O continuous positive airway pressure in supine position and Group H receiving preoxygenation in 25° head-up position with 5 cmH2O continuous positive airway pressure . After 3 min of preoxygenation, intubation was performed after induction of anaesthesia with propofol, fentanyl and succinylcholine. After confirming the tracheal intubation by direct visualization, all patients were administered vecuronium to maintain neuromuscular blockade. Post-intubation, patients in all groups were left in same position with the tracheal tube exposed to atmosphere and without being ventilated till the SpO2 dropped to 92%. The primary outcome compared between the groups was the safe apnea period (time from loss of consciousness to fall of SpO2 to 92%). Result The duration of safe apnea period was longer (p < 0.05) in Group H patients (405.9 ± 106.69 s) as compared to the Group C (296.9 ± 99.01s) and Group S (319.65 ± 71.54s). Although the duration of safe apnea period was longer in the Group S as compared to Group C the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion Preoxygenation in 25° head-up position with 5 cmH2O continuous positive airway pressure significantly prolongs safe apnea period in non-obese adults compared to supine position, with or without 5 cmH2O continuous positive airway pressure.

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Leevers, A. M., P. M. Simon, and J. A. Dempsey. "Apnea after normocapnic mechanical ventilation during NREM sleep." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 5 (November 1, 1994): 2079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.5.2079.

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We determined whether normocapnic mechanical ventilation at high tidal volume (VT) and breathing frequency (f) during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep would cause apnea. Seven normal sleeping subjects were placed on assist-control mechanical ventilation (i.e., subject initiates inspiration) and VT was gradually increased to 2.1 times eupneic VT (1.17 +/- 0.04 liters). This high VT was maintained for 5 min, the ventilator mode was switched to controlled mechanical ventilation, and f was increased gradually from 9.5 +/- 1.0 (during assist-control mechanical ventilation) to 14.0 +/- 0.7 breaths/min. Normocapnia (end-tidal PCO2 = 44 +/- 1.2 Torr) was maintained throughout the trials. Inspiratory effort was completely inhibited during the period of sustained high VT and f, and apnea occurred immediately after cessation of the passive mechanical ventilation. The duration of the apnea preceding the first inspiratory effort was 20.3 +/- 2.3 s or 7.1 times the eupneic expiratory duration and 5 times the expiratory duration chosen by the subject during assist-control mechanical ventilation. We conclude that inhibition of inspiratory motor output occurs during and after normocapnic mechanical ventilation at high VT and f during NREM sleep. These neuromechanical inhibitory effects may serve to initiate and prolong apnea.

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Porcaro, A., M. Romano, S. Maluta, M. Palazzi, F. Pioli, S. Dall'Oglio, A. D'Amico, L. Etta, C. Cavedon, and A. Rizzotti. "May Oxygen Hyperventilation Prolong Apnea in Patients Undergoing Radiation in Order to Reduce the Respiratory Movements?" International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 78, no. 3 (November 2010): S825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1910.

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Xia, Luxi, Tracey Damon, Mary M. Niblock, Donald Bartlett, and J. C. Leiter. "Unilateral microdialysis of gabazine in the dorsal medulla reverses thermal prolongation of the laryngeal chemoreflex in decerebrate piglets." Journal of Applied Physiology 103, no. 5 (November 2007): 1864–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00524.2007.

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The laryngeal chemoreflex (LCR) is elicited by water in the larynx and leads to apnea and respiratory disruption in immature animals. The LCR is exaggerated by the elevation of brain temperature within or near the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in decerebrate piglets. Thermal prolongation of reflex apnea elicited by superior laryngeal nerve stimulation is reduced by systemic administration of GABAA receptor antagonists. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that microdialysis within or near the NTS of gabazine, a GABAA receptor antagonist, would reverse thermal prolongation of the LCR. We examined this hypothesis in 21 decerebrate piglets (age 3–13 days). We elicited the LCR by injecting 0.1 ml of water into the larynx before and after each piglet's body temperature was elevated by ∼2.5°C and before and after 2–5 mM gabazine was dialyzed unilaterally and focally in the medulla. Elevated body temperature failed to prolong the LCR in one piglet, which was excluded from analysis. Elevated body temperature prolonged the LCR in all the remaining animals, and dialysis of gabazine into the region near the NTS ( n = 10) reversed the thermal prolongation of the LCR even though body temperature remained elevated. Dialysis of gabazine in other medullary sites ( n = 10) did not reverse thermal prolongation of the LCR. Gabazine had no consistent effect on baseline respiratory activity during hyperthermia. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that hyperthermia activates GABAergic mechanisms in or near the NTS that are necessary for the thermal prolongation of the LCR.

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Arbour, Richard. "Cardiogenic Oscillation and Ventilator Autotriggering in Brain-Dead Patients: A Case Series." American Journal of Critical Care 18, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 496–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2009690.

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Brain death is manifested by a flaccid, areflexic patient on assessment of brain function with fixed and dilated pupils at midpoint, loss of consciousness, no response to stimulation, loss of brainstem reflexes, and apnea. A lesion or clinical state responsible for the loss of consciousness must be found. An integral part of clinical evaluation of brain death is apnea testing, which indicates complete loss of brainstem function and respiratory drive. Ventilator triggering or overbreathing the ventilator’s set rate may be considered consistent with intrinsic respiratory drive consequent to residual brainstem function. Ventilator autotriggering, however, may potentially occur in a brain-dead patient as a result of interaction between the hyperdynamic cardiovascular system and compliant lung tissue altering airway pressure and flow patterns. Also, chest wall and pre-cordial movements may mimic intrinsic respiratory drive. Ventilator autotriggering may delay determination of brain death, prolong the intensive care unit experience for patients and their families, increase costs, risk loss of donor organs, and confuse staff and family members. A detailed literature review and 3 cases of cardiogenic ventilator autotriggering are presented as examples of this phenomenon and highlight the value of close multidisciplinary clinical evaluation and examination of ventilator pressure and flow waveforms.

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Andersson, Johan P. A., Mats H. Linér, Anne Fredsted, and Erika K. A. Schagatay. "Cardiovascular and respiratory responses to apneas with and without face immersion in exercising humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 96, no. 3 (March 2004): 1005–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01057.2002.

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The effect of the diving response on alveolar gas exchange was investigated in 15 subjects. During steady-state exercise (80 W) on a cycle ergometer, the subjects performed 40-s apneas in air and 40-s apneas with face immersion in cold (10°C) water. Heart rate decreased and blood pressure increased during apneas, and the responses were augmented by face immersion. Oxygen uptake from the lungs decreased during apnea in air (-22% compared with eupneic control) and was further reduced during apnea with face immersion (-25% compared with eupneic control). The plasma lactate concentration increased from control (11%) after apnea in air and even more after apnea with face immersion (20%), suggesting an increased anaerobic metabolism during apneas. The lung oxygen store was depleted more slowly during apnea with face immersion because of the augmented diving response, probably including a decrease in cardiac output. Venous oxygen stores were probably reduced by the cardiovascular responses. The turnover times of these gas stores would have been prolonged, reducing their effect on the oxygen uptake in the lungs. Thus the human diving response has an oxygen-conserving effect.

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Roshan Lal, Tamanna, Gurpreet K. Seehra, Alta M. Steward, Chelsie N. Poffenberger, Emory Ryan, Nahid Tayebi, Grisel Lopez, and Ellen Sidransky. "The natural history of type 2 Gaucher disease in the 21st century." Neurology 95, no. 15 (August 6, 2020): e2119-e2130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000010605.

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ObjectiveTo gather natural history data to better understand the changing course of type 2 Gaucher disease (GD2) in order to guide future interventional protocols.MethodsA structured interview was conducted with parents of living or deceased patients with GD2. Retrospective information obtained included disease presentation, progression, medical and surgical history, medications, family history, management, complications, and cause of death, as well as the impact of disease on families.ResultsData from 23 patients were analyzed (20 deceased and 3 living), showing a mean age at death of 19.2 months, ranging from 3 to 55 months. Fourteen patients were treated with enzyme replacement therapy, 2 were treated with substrate reduction therapy, and 3 underwent bone marrow transplantation. Five patients received ambroxol and one was on N-acetylcysteine, both considered experimental treatments. Fifteen patients had gastrostomy tubes placed; 10 underwent tracheostomies. Neurologic disease manifestations included choking episodes, myoclonic jerks, autonomic dysfunction, apnea, seizures, and diminished blinking, all of which worsened as disease progressed.ConclusionsCurrent available therapies appear to prolong life but do not alter neurologic manifestations. Despite aggressive therapeutic interventions, GD2 remains a progressive disorder with a devastating prognosis that may benefit from new treatment approaches.

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Baertsch, N. A., and T. L. Baker-Herman. "Inactivity-induced phrenic and hypoglossal motor facilitation are differentially expressed following intermittent vs. sustained neural apnea." Journal of Applied Physiology 114, no. 10 (May 15, 2013): 1388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00018.2013.

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Reduced respiratory neural activity elicits a rebound increase in phrenic and hypoglossal motor output known as inactivity-induced phrenic and hypoglossal motor facilitation (iPMF and iHMF, respectively). We hypothesized that, similar to other forms of respiratory plasticity, iPMF and iHMF are pattern sensitive. Central respiratory neural activity was reversibly reduced in ventilated rats by hyperventilating below the CO2 apneic threshold to create brief intermittent neural apneas (5, ∼1.5 min each, separated by 5 min), a single brief massed neural apnea (7.5 min), or a single prolonged neural apnea (30 min). Upon restoration of respiratory neural activity, long-lasting (>60 min) iPMF was apparent following brief intermittent and prolonged, but not brief massed, neural apnea. Further, brief intermittent and prolonged neural apnea elicited an increase in the maximum phrenic response to high CO2, suggesting that iPMF is associated with an increase in phrenic dynamic range. By contrast, only prolonged neural apnea elicited iHMF, which was transient in duration (<15 min). Intermittent, massed, and prolonged neural apnea all elicited a modest transient facilitation of respiratory frequency. These results indicate that iPMF, but not iHMF, is pattern sensitive, and that the response to respiratory neural inactivity is motor pool specific.

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Baković, Darija, Davor Eterović, Zoran Valic, Žana Saratlija-Novaković, Ivan Palada, Ante Obad, and Željko Dujić. "Increased pulmonary vascular resistance and reduced stroke volume in association with CO2retention and inferior vena cava dilatation." Journal of Applied Physiology 101, no. 3 (September 2006): 866–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00759.2005.

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Changes in cardiovascular parameters elicited during a maximal breath hold are well described. However, the impact of consecutive maximal breath holds on central hemodynamics in the postapneic period is unknown. Eight trained apnea divers and eight control subjects performed five successive maximal apneas, separated by a 2-min resting interval, with face immersion in cold water. Ultrasound examinations of inferior vena cava (IVC) and the heart were carried out at times 0, 10, 20, 40, and 60 min after the last apnea. The arterial oxygen saturation level and blood pressure, heart rate, and transcutaneous partial pressures of CO2and O2were monitored continuously. At 20 min after breath holds, IVC diameter increased (27.6 and 16.8% for apnea divers and controls, respectively). Subsequently, pulmonary vascular resistance increased and cardiac output decreased both in apnea divers (62.8 and 21.4%, respectively) and the control group (74.6 and 17.8%, respectively). Cardiac output decrements were due to reductions in stroke volumes in the presence of reduced end-diastolic ventricular volumes. Transcutaneous partial pressure of CO2increased in all participants during breath holding, returned to baseline between apneas, but remained slightly elevated during the postdive observation period (∼4.5%). Thus increased right ventricular afterload and decreased cardiac output were associated with CO2retention and signs of peripheralization of blood volume. These results indicate that repeated apneas may cause prolonged hemodynamic changes after resumption of normal breathing, which may suggest what happens in sleep apnea syndrome.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Prolong Apnea"

Sivieri, Andrea. "Cardiovascular responses and adaptations to breath-holding in humans." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/719764.

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L’argomento della tesi era di testare l’ipotesi generale che vede al termine della fase II, il termine della fase di steady state dei parametri cardiovascolari che coincide con il punto di rottura fisiologico dell’apnea (Lin et al, 1974). Questa ipotesi è stata analizzata attraverso due esperimenti presenti in questa tesi di dottorato. Ognuno di essi ha analizzato l’ipotesi generale attraverso diverse metodologie sperimentali. Il primo esperimento testato ricercava la riduzione della durata della fase II e fase III mediante lo svolgimento dell’apnea in esercizio utilizzando un carico di 30 W al cicloergometro, incrementando il metabolismo del soggetto. Ci attendevamo di trovare valori cardiovascolari simili alla fine della fase II sia in esercizio che a riposo e simili caratteristiche anche durante la fase III. Il secondo esperimento era di prolungare la durata della fase II e della fase III quando l’apnea era preceduta dalla respirazione per un tempo prolungato di ossigeno puro. In questo caso ci attendevamo di vedere al termine della fase II dei valori simili a livello cardiovascolare trovate a esercizio ed a riposo e con simili caratteristiche anche in fase III.
The aim of this thesis was to test the general hypothesis, that the end of phase II, i.e. the breaking of the steady state for cardiovascular variables, may coincide with the physiological breaking point of apnoea (Lin et al, 1974). This hypothesis was investigated by means of two, interrelated studies. Each of these studies analysed an experimental consequence of the general hypothesis, the one opposite with respect to the other. The first experimental consequence to be tested was that the duration of phase II and phase III would be shorter when apnoeas are carried out during light exercise than at rest because of the increase in metabolic rate in the former case. Of course, we expected to find the same values for cardiovascular variables at end of phase II at exercise as at rest, with similar characteristics during phase III. The testing of this hypothesis is the object of the first article, which is currently under revision at the European Journal of Applied Physiology. The second experimental consequence to be tested was that the duration of phase II and phase III would be longer when apnoeas are carried out when pure oxygen is breathed before apnoea instead of air, because of the increase in oxygen stores in the former case. Of course, we expected to find the same values for cardiovascular variables at end of phase II at exercise as at rest, with similar characteristics during phase III. The testing of this hypothesis is the object of the second article, which is currently under preparation.

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Skopalová, Pavla. "Sledování mozkové aktivity v prolongované zádrži dechu u freediverů." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-405874.

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Title: Prolonged apnea: monitoring brain activity in freedivers Objectives: The aim of this study is to monitor the brain electrical activity during the prolonged apnea in freedivers. Prolonged apnea in the water and prolonged dry apnea were compared to each other and also to a resting state before the apnea, all states with the eyes closed. Brain activity was obtained from the scalp EEG and evaluated using the sLORETA program. Methods: The research was conducted in 11 healthy men at the age of 23 - 51. The data was obtained from the scalp EEG. The record was first taken at a resting state before the apneas with eyes closed, then at maximum prolonged dry apnea with eyes closed and finally at maximum prolonged apnea in the water with eyes closed. The lenghts of the prolonged apneas ranged from 2:15 minutes to 5:30 minutes in idividual probands. There were pauses of at least three minutes between each apnea as by the proband's needs. The compared pair groups were following: prolonged apnea in the water against prolonged dry apnea, prolonged apnea in the water against resting state before the apnea and finally prolonged dry apnea against resting state before the apnea, all with the eyes closed. Selected sections of EEG record without artefacts were processed by sLORETA program. In the statistical...

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Chen, Yu-Pin, and 陳宇斌. "Research on Prolonged QT or Tp-e Intervals in Male Workers Affected by Sleep Apnea or Hyperarousal across Pre-sleep and Sleep-Stages." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00972367126155518726.

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碩士
中山醫學大學
生物醫學科學學系碩士班
103
Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea and repetitive arousals enhance sympathetic activities, and potentially cause electrical disturbances during ventricular repolarization. Spectral parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate corrected QT interval (QTc), the interval between peak and the end of T wave (Tp-e), Tp-e/QT ratio, and Tp-e/QTc ratio are promising surrogates for autonomic nervous activity and electrocardiographic indices of ventricular arrhythmogenesis, respectively. We aim to investigate that QTc, Tp-e, Tp-e/QT, and Tp-e/QTc are greater in male subjects with sleep apnea or hyperaousal over various night-sleep-stages and fluctuate with corresponding HRV parameters. Material and method: Natural-logarithm-transformed power values of HRV, QTc, Tp-e, Tp-e/QT, and Tp-e/QTc from one 5-min arousal-free electrocardiography segment in each of pre-sleep-wakefulness (AWK), non-rapid-eye-movement stage 2 (N2), slow-wave (N3), and the latest rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM) were computed in 101 healthy males (43.5±7.9 yrs., 26.7±3.3 kg/m2) with wide-ranged apnea-hypopnea and arousal indices (17.7±18.3 and 33.0±17.6/hr., respectively). Results: All participants were sub-grouped into normal, mild-moderate and severe OSA or low, moderate and high arousal in frequency by apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) or arousal index, which significantly correlated by QTc or Tp-e by linear regression analyses. No differences were found in fluctuation of each HRV parameter across various stages among three subgroups categorized by AHI values. QTc values at stages AWK, N2 and N3 are greater in severe OSA patient than normal control (468±40 vs 431±39; 469±46 vs 430±40; and 472±50 vs 434±41 ms; each p value is 0.01, 0.01 and 0.02 respectively), whereas Tp-e values sequentially decreased from high, middle and low arousal subjects at stages AWK, N2 and N3 (each p value is 0.00, 0.01 and 0.02) but with constant Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/QTc ratios. Though HRV spectral parameters fluctuating over various presleep wakefulness and three sleep stages as previous reports, QTc, Tp-e, Tp-e/QT ratio, and Tp-e/QTc ratio are not found oscillate with these corresponding automatic nervous indices. Conclusions: It might suggest that severe OSA or repetitive arousals likely have a higher risk for nocturnal arrhythmia accounted for by prolonged repolarization and/or depolarization periods of ventricles and long-term accumulating adverse effect of OSA or arousals, rather than real-timed autonomic activities, play a major role in the dysfunction of ventricular repolarization.

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Частини книг з теми "Prolong Apnea"

Luria, Brent J. "Do Special Measures—Such as Postoperative CPAP, a Prolonged PACU Stay, and PACU EtCO2 Monitoring—Improve the Outcome in a Patient with Obstructive Sleep Apnea?" In You’re Wrong, I’m Right, 419–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43169-7_118.

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CAMPBELL, CAROL E., and LOIS L. BREADY. "Prolonged Postoperative Apnea." In Decision Making in Anesthesiology, 590–91. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-03938-3.50208-6.

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Kumar Singhal, Suresh, and Manisha Manohar. "Hypoxia and Paraoxygenation." In Updates in Anesthesia - The Operating Room and Beyond [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106827.

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Hypoxemia whether critical or not is a complication associated with airway management. The abruptness with which the hypoxic events can occur during airway management in anticipated as well as unanticipated difficult airways provide very little time to the airway managers to avoid the whirlpool of complications that can ensue if hypoxia persists. An understanding of the etiology and mechanisms of hypoxemia and the techniques that can ensure oxygenation for a prolonged time provide a safe window to think and execute the airway management plans. Paraoxygenation is one such technique that ensures an uninterrupted oxygen supply to the patient after the onset of apnoea and prolongs the safe apnoea time significantly.

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Hainline, Brian, Lindsey J. Gurin, and Daniel M. Torres. "Sleep Disorder Following Concussion." In Concussion, edited by Brian Hainline, Lindsey J. Gurin, and Daniel M. Torres, 93–96. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190937447.003.0013.

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Sleep disorders are common in athletes and are a risk factor for development of mental health symptoms and disorders. Sleep disorder is also a risk factor for prolonged, persistent post-concussive symptoms. Individuals who have a sleep disorder following concussion are more susceptible to developing prolonged post-concussive symptoms unless the sleep disorder is properly managed. Sleep disorders are divided into primary sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea, and secondary sleep disorders that may result from other conditions such as pain and post-traumatic stress disorder. The particular type of sleep disorder must be diagnosed, and will guide both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic strategies, as warranted.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Prolong Apnea"

Johnson, K. R., Z. Zhang, and P. Escalante. "Undiagnosed Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Contributing to Prolonged Delirium Following Spinal Surgery." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a4693.

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Fusar Poli, Barbara, Cecilia Burattini, Cinzia Lastoria, Nicolino Ambrosino, Piero Ceriana, and Annalisa Carlucci. "Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in patients weaned from prolonged mechanical ventilation." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.2550.

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Kiens, Ott, Viktoria Ivanova, Egon Taalberg, Ketlin Veeväli, Ragne Tamm, Triin Laurits, Martin Juss, et al. "Moderate-to-severe sleep apnea is associated with elevated proline levels in peripheral blood." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa903.

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Montserrat, Josep M., Isaac Almendros, Daniel Navajas, Marta Torres, and Ramon Farre. "Effects Of Prolonged Periods Of Flow Limitation In A Rat Model Of Obstructive Apneas." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a2467.

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Edwards, Bradley A., James P. Butler, Stephen H. Loring, Scott A. Sands, Jessie P. Bakker, Robert L. Owens, David P. White, Atul Malhotra, and Andrew Wellman. "Increased Upper Airway Resistance Prolongs Mechanical Inspiratory Time Independent Of Changes In Respiratory Motor Output During Sleep In Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a2435.

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Andreieva, Iana. "Prolonged symptoms and sleep quality after hospitalization for covid-19 in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea." In ERS International Congress 2021 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.oa4389.

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