Дисертації: "Projets locaux"

1

L'Huillier, Hélène. "L’impact de projets locaux de RSE sur le développement humain durable : Applications à des projets menés par des multinationales au Nigeria et au Mexique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12010.

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Le cadre juridique récent sur la responsabilité sociétale des entreprises (RSE) conduit les multinationales à s’intéresser de façon croissante à la mesure de l’impact social de leurs pratiques. A partir de deux études de cas, cette thèse examine l’impact de projets de RSE sur le développement humain, notamment relationnel, des populations concernées. La première partie de la thèse est consacrée à la construction d’un cadre théorique. En faisant apparaître les hypothèses sous-jacentes aux indicateurs de développement, aux visions de la RSE et aux optiques de l’évaluation d’impact, des convergences et incompatibilités entre différentes postures caractéristiques de ces trois objets sont mises en avant. Cela me conduit à privilégier une méthodologie d’analyse fondée sur des méthodes quantitatives non expérimentales et sur des analyses qualitatives, qui mobilisent une approche multidimensionnelle du développement à partir de l’approche des capacités. La seconde partie de la thèse présente des applications empiriques fondées sur les évaluations d’impact de programmes sociétaux menés par Total au Nigeria et d’un projet de recyclage inclusif mené par Danone au Mexique. Les résultats empiriques montrent qu’au-delà de leur impact sur la pauvreté, ces projets ont des effets importants sur le tissu social. Est ainsi démontré l’intérêt de cadres évaluatifs qui font valoir des indicateurs non conventionnels et qui éclairent les chiffres par une compréhension qualitative des processus de changement et des rapports de force
Given the recent legal framework on corporate social responsibility (CSR), multinational corporations show growing interest in measuring the social impact of their practices. Based on two case studies, this thesis examines the impact which CSR projects have on the affected populations’ human development, including a measure of relational development. The first part of the thesis constructs the theoretical framework. Uncovering the assumptions underlying the three objects of study – development indicators, views on CSR and impact assessment approaches – reveals convergences and incompatibilities between different postures. This framework justifies the choice of a methodology based on the use of non-experimental quantitative methods joined to qualitative analyses, which mobilizes a multidimensional approach to development founded on the capability approach. The second part of the thesis presents two empirical applications based on the impact assessment of Total's societal programs in Nigeria and of a waste pickers inclusion project conducted by Danone in Mexico. The empirical results show that beyond their impact on poverty, these projects have important effects on the social fabric. This provides evidence for the value of evaluative frameworks which use unconventional indicators and which inform quantitative data with a qualitative analysis of the processes of change and the balance of power involved

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2

Bares, Franck Froehlicher Thomas. "Contribution à la connaissance du processus entrepreneurial au départ de l'Université étude des représentations au travers des discours de créateurs et acteurs locaux du développement territorial /." S. l. : Université Nancy 2, 2007. http://cyberdoc.univ-nancy2.fr.

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3

Queva, Christophe. "Entre territoires et réseaux : la requalification des espaces locaux en France et en Allemagne : jeux d'acteurs, d'échelles de projets." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194696.

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Depuis le milieu des années 1990, les États européens explorent de nouvelles politiques d'aménagement et de développement. L'accent est mis sur la mobilisation d'acteurs à l'échelle locale pour élaborer des projets. En France et en Allemagne, ces pratiques contrastent avec l'héritage d'aménagements exogènes (DATAR, Raumplanung/Territorialplanung). La requalification des espaces locaux est comprise comme une nouvelle qualification de l'échelon local par le projet, et comme sa revalorisation par l'investissement croissant des acteurs locaux. Elle s'articule à deux modèles différenciés de requalification : territorialisé en France, avec la politique des Pays, et largement plus réticulaire en Allemagne, avec les Projets de développement régional (Regionalentwicklungskonzepte).
En confrontant des expériences locales de projet (Libournais et Périgord noir en France, Thuringe du Sud-Ouest en Allemagne) aux nouvelles attentes législatives, ce travail mobilise la notion de jeu comme grille de lecture des dynamiques à l'œuvre. Il met en évidence une multiplicité et une complexité réelles de l'espace et des objectifs du jeu (jeux de projets), des rôles et stratégies d'acteurs (jeux d'acteurs) et des relations entre les échelons territoriaux (jeux d'échelles), intervenant dans la dynamique de requalification. Le tout entretient une certaine hybridation des espaces locaux émergents, situés dans un « entre » territoires et réseaux, dont les enjeux épistémologiques et méthodologiques concernent à la fois la discipline géographique et les pratiques d'aménagement, que ce soit en France, en Allemagne ou dans le cadre européen.

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4

Besfamille, Martin. "Essais sur la manipulation des annonces d'information privée : transferts intergouvernementaux et projets publics locaux, corruption et fraude à l'assurance." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10037.

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Cette thèse analyse des problèmes informationnels qui apparaissent dans les gouvernements à caractère fédéral et dans le marché des assurances. La première partie considère un gouvernement central qui, suivant les recommandations d'une autorité locale, décide de financer un projet public. L'autorité centrale n'observe ni l'efficacité de l'entreprise censée construire le projet ni son bénéfice local. Ceci est connu par l'autorité locale, qui peut être tentée de manipuler cette information pour obtenir plus de subventions centrales. Dans le premier chapitre, l'autorité locale et l'entreprise ne communiquent pas. Les transferts interjuridictionnels optimaux combinent des schémas de partage des coûts et des compensations. Mais les décisions concernant les projets qui vont être finalement construits sont distordues. Beaucoup de projets à faible (haut) bénéfice local sont construits (abandonnés). Dans le second chapitre, comme des contrats parallèles entre l'autorité locale et l'entreprise sont envisageables, la corruption entre eux peut émerger, de multiples façons. Nous montrons une propriété de "robustesse à la collusion" qui nous permet d'obtenir, dans ce contexte, les transferts intergouvernementaux optimaux. La différence avec le chapitre précédent est que les coûts du projet sont aussi distordus. La deuxième partie de la thèse examine un type de fraude dans le marché des assurances. À la signature d'un contrat, les clients souvent mentent sur ces caractéristiques personnelles. Mais l'assureur peut, à la suite d'un audit, découvrir et punir ces fausses déclarations. Dans un modèle où un assureur monopolistique fait face à de la sélection adverse, nous obtenons les contrats d'équilibre, qui spécifient une probabilité d'audit et une sanction pour les fraudeurs. Dans certains pays, la loi limite ces sanctions. Nous étudions un jeu politique, où les assurés votent cette limite. Nous montrons que des pénalités maximales non-négligeables émergent comme l'unique équilibre.

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5

Chaab-Vallet, Meriam. "L'insertion spatiale des projets "exceptionnels" de clusters-campus : comparaison internationale France-Russie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2043.

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Qu’on les dénomme clusters, technopoles, campus ou Knowledge Industries, on voit se multiplier dans le monde occidental ces lieux symboles et indices de la métropolisation. Ils visent à mettre en relation des acteurs de la production de savoirs et des entreprises dans l'objectif de favoriser l’émergence d’innovations. Notre travail de thèse vise à interroger les modalités de fabrique de ces lieux, spécifiques par leur forme et leur fonction, le système d’acteurs qui en est à l’origine et leur relation au territoire, dans une perspective multi-scalaire. L’inscription spatiale d’un campus ou d’un cluster dans son environnement urbain ne peut se comprendre sans procéder à une analyse des relations qu’entretiennent entre eux les différents acteurs impliqués. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que les interactions entre les acteurs de la production urbaine et ceux du système universitaire et de la production de connaissances sont déterminantes pour comprendre les modalités d’inscription territoriale d’un cluster ou d’un campus. Ces acteurs sont placés dans un système complexe d’interactions que nous avons tenté d’expliciter. En comparant deux projets autoproclamés « exceptionnels » - le campus de Paris-Saclay et le Centre d’innovation de Skolkovo à Moscou, cette thèse montre que les contextes historiques, sociaux et urbains constituent des facteurs décisifs dans l’appropriation d’un « modèle urbain » de cluster-campus et que les facteurs d’acclimatation et de traduction demeurent puissants, y compris dans un contexte de mondialisation. Ce travail vise à mettre en évidence les sentiers de dépendance, tant dans les politiques scientifiques que dans les politiques urbaines, qui déterminent la configuration spatiale des projets vitrines de l’économie de la connaissance
Whether we call them clusters, technopoles, campus or Knowledge Industries, these places, symbols and indices of metropolisation, multiply in the Western world. They aim to connect stakeholders in the production of knowledge and companies with the aim of stimulating the emergence of innovations. Our thesis work aims to question the production methods of these places, specifics by their form and their function, the system of stakeholders that is at the origin of them and their relationship to the territory, from a multi-scalar perspective. The spatial inscription of a campus or a cluster in its urban environment cannot be understood without an analysis of the relationships between the various stakeholders involved. We hypothesize that the interactions between the stakeholders of urban production and those of the university system and the production of knowledge are crucial to understanding the territorial integration of a cluster or a campus. These stakeholders are placed in a complex system of interactions that we have tried to explain. By comparing two self-proclaimed "exceptional" projects - the Paris-Saclay campus and the Skolkovo Innovation Center in Moscow, this thesis shows that historical, social and urban contexts are decisive factors in the appropriation of the "urban model" of campus-cluster and that the factors of acclimatization and translation remain powerful, even in a context of globalization. This work aims to highlight the paths of dependency, both in scientific and urban policies, that determine the spatial configuration of projects that showcase the knowledge economy

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6

Chagas, Paraboa Clara. "La relation ville-école-société : Expériences participatives autour de projets locaux : Croisement de regards entre Florianopolis (Brésil) et Saint-Fons (France)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 2, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO20095.

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Cette thèse, ancrée dans l'anthropologie de la ville et les pratiques urbaines, explore le processus de participation démocratique dans le contexte des projets d'aménagement urbain. En effet, le développement urbain entraîne d'importantes conséquences sur l'ensemble du territoire de la ville, engendrant des tensions et des répercussions à la fois sur l'environnement et sur les dynamiques sociales locales. L’école publique, en tant qu’élément architectural et équipement public dédié à l’éducation culturelle et à la transmission des connaissances validées par les sciences, est inévitablement touchée par ces projets, eux-mêmes influencés par les normes de l’urbanisme contemporain. Mes expériences professionnelles et personnelles, ancrées dans le contexte scolaire, m'ont permis de m’engager dans ces projets de rénovation urbaine de 2010 à 2015. J'ai mené une enquête ethnographique sur des situations particulières de participation dans les quartiers d'Armação à Florianópolis, au Brésil, et de Carnot-Parmentier à Saint-Fons, situé dans la métropole de Lyon, et j’ai réalisé une analyse des projets d'aménagement territorial. Dans une approche réflexive et dans une perspective de recherche-action, je me suis impliquée dans des initiatives pédagogiques qui m’ont permis à travers une étude comparative multi-située, de suivre différents acteurs de la politique de la ville, des habitants, des professionnels des écoles ainsi que des élèves. J’ai analysé les dynamiques institutionnelles ainsi que les processus vécus par les acteurs sociaux impliqués dans les changements urbains, tout en examinant ma propre trajectoire et mon engagement. Malgré l'émergence de la participation démocratique dans nos sociétés, j'ai observé que dans les projets étudiés cette pratique reste marginale. Les expériences vécues, perçues et conçues, révélées par la mémoire des événements, la perception des relations et des affects, ainsi que par les réflexions des citoyens sur la réalité urbaine, sont peu prises en compte dans le processus participatif. Les expériences scolaires participatives observées sur le terrain ont été perçues comme des pratiques émancipatrices relationnelles, à la fois individuelles et collectives. L'école, influencée par des éléments épistémologiques et méthodologiques, peut devenir un acteur local crucial pour la construction transgénérationnelle de réponses aux défis liés à la gentrification, à l'environnement, au développement, ainsi qu'à la culture et aux politiques sociales urbaines. Cependant, les politiques éducatives et les politiques publiques territoriales, influencées par les processus politico-administratifs et scientifiques, semblent très peu connectées. Dans ce sens, considérer l'aspect systémique de l’expérience participative revêt d’une importance croissante pour le développement durable des villes et la promotion de l'épanouissement intégral des citoyens
This thesis, rooted in urban anthropology and urban practices, focuses particularly on the process democratic participation in urban development projects. Indeed, urban development leads to significant consequences throughout the city's territory, causing tensions and repercussions both on the environment and on local social dynamics. The public school, as an architectural element and public facility dedicated to cultural education and the transmission of scientifically validated knowledge, is inevitably affected by these projects, themselves influenced by contemporary urban planning norms. My professional and personal experiences, rooted in the school context, enabled me to engage in urban renewal projects from 2010 to 2015. I conducted an ethnographic investigation into specific participation scenarios in the neighborhoods of Armação in Florianópolis, Brazil, and Carnot-Parmentier in Saint-Fons, in the metropolis of Lyon, and carried out an analysis of territorial development projects. In a reflexive approach and within a research-action perspective, I engaged in pedagogical initiatives that, through a multi-situated comparative study, enabled me to follow different actors in urban policy, residents, school professionals, and students. I analyzed institutional dynamics as well as the processes experienced by social actors involved in urban changes, while examining my own trajectory and commitment. Despite the emergence of democratic participation in our societies, I have observed that in the studied projects, this practice remains marginal. I have observed that this practice remains marginal in our societies, and that experiences lived, perceived, and conceived influenced by memory, by politico-administrative processes, as well as by sciences are scarcely considered in this participatory process. Participatory school experiences observed on the ground have been perceived as relational emancipatory practices, both individual and collective. Schools, influenced by epistemological and methodological elements, can become crucial local actors in the transgenerational construction of responses to challenges related to gentrification, the environment, development, as well as culture and urban social policies. However, educational and territorial public policies, influenced by political-administrative and scientific processes, appear to be very poorly connected. In this sense, considering the systemic aspect of participatory experience is of increasing importance for the sustainable development of cities and the promotion of the integral fulfillment of citizens

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7

Brullot, Sabrina. "Mise en oeuvre de projets territoriaux d'écologie industrielle en France : vers un outil méthodologique d'aide à la décision." Troyes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TROY0003.

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Les déchets des uns utilisés comme des ressources par d’autres … c’est sur cette idée que repose le principe des symbioses industrielles, au cœur de la présente thèse. Le déploiement de démarches d’écologie industrielle est encore assez timide, malgré les avantages économiques susceptibles d’être générés par ce nouveau mode de développement territorial, que l’on peut considérer comme une forme particulière de système productif local. De même, les symbioses industrielles contribuent à un développement plus soutenable de l’activité industrielle locale du point de vue environnemental. De manière à favoriser le déploiement opérationnel de l’écologie industrielle dans les pays industrialisés, et notamment en France, nous proposons, dans le cadre de ce travail, une méthode d’aide à la décision dont l’originalité réside dans la possibilité de définir une stratégie de déploiement en cohérence avec le contexte organisationnel, social, économique et politique d’un territoire : STRATIS (STRATegy for Industrial Symbiosis). Grâce à l’apport du corpus théorique de la Proximité, nous montrons à travers ces travaux que la mise en œuvre de démarches d’écologie industrielle résulte d’un processus dynamique de coordination des acteurs. Choix du territoire le plus pertinent, composition idéale de l’équipe projet, ces éléments sont révélés par la nature des modes de coordination entre les acteurs qui évoluent d’une proximité géographique à une proximité organisée au fur et à mesure que la démarche devient pérenne
Waste from some used as resources by others… industrial symbiosis is based on this idea and is the subject of this thesis. Implementation of industrial ecology is in fact not really forthcoming, especially in France, despite potential economic advantages provided by this new way of territorial development that can be considered as a kind of industrial district. Moreover, thanks to industrial symbiosis, local industrial activity development is more sustainable concerning environmental aspects. To promote operational achievement of industrial symbiosis in France and in industrialized countries, this work presents a decision-making methodology whose original feature is to define an implementation strategy according to the specific organizational, economic, social and political context of the chosen territory: STRATIS (STRATegy for Industrial Symbiosis). Thanks to the theory of Proximity, we show that industrial ecology project implementation results from a dynamic process of participants’ coordination. Choice of the most relevant scale of territory, ideal com-position of the project team, these aspects are revealed by the nature of the ways of coordination between actors. These ways of coordination are indeed evolving progressively from a geographical proximity to an organised proximity as the approach continues in time

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8

Majumdar, Barbara. "Pilotage de la création de valeur en R&D : quelle instrumentation dans un cadre multi-projets et multi-agents ?" Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1G002.

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Depuis les années 1990, les réseaux sont de plus en plus considérés comme le mode d'organisation optimal pour promouvoir la création de valeur via l'innovation, et plus spécifiquement l'innovation technologique. D'où le développement des clusters, ces réseaux formés spontanément ou lancés à l'initiative de la puissance publique, et qui regroupent entreprises et laboratoires de recherche travaillant dans le même domaine et sur un périmètre géographique donné. Dans un tel contexte, on peut se poser la question des moyens de promouvoir la création de valeur au sein de réseaux dédiés à l'innovation. Mais il est d'abord nécessaire de comprendre pourquoi l'organisation réticulaire est adaptée à la création de valeur. Pour cela, la création de valeur doit être clairement définie, dans ce qu'elle a de spécifique à cette forme organisationnelle. On identifie ensuite les processus impliqués dans l'émergence de la valeur, de manière à permettre une modélisation systémique, qui est opérationnalisée afin d'être déclinée en instrument de management. La recherche présentée est ancrée dans un des clusters français lancés en 2005 sous le nom de "pôles de compétitivité", situé en Bretagne. Elle vise à construire un tableau de bord, destiné à évaluer l'implémentation des décisions stratégiques orientées vers la création de valeur au sein du cluster. Cependant, cet instrument a finalement été abandonné par la gouvernance en charge de l'orchestration du pôle. En conséquence, l'exposé se termine par une analyse critique des limites de l'instrumentation proposée et des conditions sous lesquelles son déploiement revêt une pertinence
Since the 1990s, networks have been increasingly considered as the best organizational form to foster the creation of value through innovation, and more specifically through technological innovation. Hence the development of clusters, which are a gathering of companies and research laboraties working in the same field within a given perimeter, whether spontaneously or upon the will of public authorities. In this context, the question is how can we help to improve the creation of value in such networks dedicated to innovation ? In response, first, we need to understand why a network organization is so well adapted to creating value. So we start with giving a clear definition of what value means within this context. Then, we identify the processes involved in creating value so that we can draw a systemic model, which is operationalized in order to build a management tool. This research is grounded in one of the french clusters launched in 2005 under the name of "pôles de compétitivité", located in Brittany. It designs a tool focused on evaluating the implementation of strategic decisions oriented towards the creation of value within the cluster. However, this tool was finally abandoned by the people in charge of the cluster. Therefore, the document concluded with a critical analysis of the limits of the tool and the conditions under which it could be implemented successfully

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9

Belghoul, Khaled. "Les réseaux et clusters d'innovation, dynamique d'évolution et de restructuration de l'innovation dans l'industrie biopharmaceutique : éléments de conceptualisation et analyse des cas de l'Ile-de-France et de la région lyonnaise." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0058.

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La structuration de l'innovation dans les industries Science-based sous forme de réseaux est devenue depuis une dizaine d'années la nouvelle dynamique organisationnelle de l'innovation. Plus spécifiquement, dans l'industrie biopharmaceutique, cette nouvelle dynamique organisationnelle renvoie vers une logique d'efficience et de rationalisation des efforts de R&D. La nature de l'innovation et les interdépendances technologiques entre les différents acteurs sont autant des éléments qui poussent à cette organisation en réseaux d'innovation. Dans cette perspective, l'étude du processus d'émergence, structuration et évolution des clusters d'innovation de l'industrie biopharmaceutique nous permet de comprendre, en plus des avantages liés à la proximité spatiale, d'autres avantages liés à des formes de proximités organisationnelles et stratégiques. Cette thèse tente aussi de répondre à la question des facteurs indispensables à l'émergence et le développement de ces clusters d'innovation et ça à travers une étude de plusieurs cas d'émergence de clusters d'innovation. Dans notre étude empirique nous avons choisi d'analyser cette structuration en termes de clusters d'innovation pour deux régions en France. A travers l'approche des projets collaboratifs nous sommes arrivés à reconstruire les deux réseaux et identifier le rôle des grands acteurs dans la définition de la morphologie du réseau et la transmission et diffusion des connaissances au sein de ce dernier. Les résultats obtenus montrent aussi une structuration en réseaux à plusieurs échelles. Le travail réalisé contribue à la compréhension de la dynamique d'interaction au sein des réseaux de R&D dans les secteurs sciences-based
The structuring of innovation in science-based industries in the form of networks has become the new organizational dynamics of innovation over the past decades. More specifically, in the biopharmaceutical industry, this new organizational dynamic refers to the logic of efficiency and rationalization efforts in R&D. The nature of innovation and technological interdependencies between different actors are all elements that drive the organization in innovation networks. In this perspective, the study of the process of emergence, structuration and evolution of clusters of innovation in the biopharmaceutical industry enables us to understand the benefits of spatial proximity (knowledge spillovers, shared infrastructure...) and other benefits of organizational and strategic proximity. This thesis also attempts to answer the question of essential factors in the emergence and development of these innovation clusters and that through several case studies of the emergence of clusters of innovation in the biopharmaceutical industry in the United States and Europe.In our empirical study, we chose to analyze this structure in terms of innovation clusters for two regions in France, Ile-de-France and the Lyon region. Through the approach of collaborative projects, we are come to rebuild the two networks and identify the role of some major players in defining the morphology of the network and the transmission and dissemination of knowledge within it. The results also show a structure in networks at multiple scales. The work done contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of interaction within networks of R&D in science-based sectors

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10

Arnal, Clément. "LA PLACE ET LE RÔLE DE L'AGRICULTURE À LA PÉRIPHÉRIE DES VILLES MOYENNES. Le cas des villes d'Annecy, Bourg-en-Bresse, Montbrison et Romans-sur-Isère." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762097.

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Cette thèse s'appuie sur une enquête de terrain conduite dans quatre villes moyennes de la région Rhône-Alpes : Annecy, Bourg-en-Bresse, Montbrison et Romans-sur-Isère. Ce travail, relevant d'une analyse comparative, souhaite rendre compte des relations complexes et variées entretenues entre les villes moyennes et l'agriculture. Il envisage la manière dont l'agriculture est intégrée aux projets de territoires et aux projets urbains portés par les villes moyennes. Le lien entre ces villes et l'agriculture repose sur différents éléments : l'approvisionnement en produits locaux, héritage de leur rôle de ville-marché ; la patrimonialisation de l'agriculture, à travers notamment la valorisation des produits du terroir et l'organisation de manifestations " agriculturelles " ; l'agroalimentaire et les services agricoles, expression de la fonction agricole et agroalimentaire de ces villes. L'agriculture est intégrée à l'image des villes moyennes, et se voit instrumentalisée à des fins identitaires et d'attractivité territoriale. Elle est alors publicisée, donnée à voir aux habitants comme aux touristes, permettant ainsi de qualifier ces villes. Il subsiste toutefois des paradoxes évidents dans le positionnement des collectivités territoriales, entre un discours attentif à l'agriculture et à sa valorisation et une absence de protection du foncier agricole face à un étalement urbain marqué. Cette thèse contribue, en considérant l'ensemble de ces facteurs, à enrichir la connaissance de la place et du rôle de l'agriculture à la périphérie des villes, et à mettre en lumière les spécificités des villes moyennes à cet égard.

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11

Durampart, Michel. "Régulation et médiation organisationnelles : le réseau local, enjeu d'une médiation sociale et technique dans une organisation sanitaire et sociale." Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131003.

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Cette these a pour objet l'etude des effets et des implications de l'integration d'un reseau local d'information et de communication dans une organisation composee de quatre etablissements sanitaire et sociaux. Dans un premier temps, la recherche conduite s'est centree sur le modele d'informatisation. Ce modele repond a des contraintes de regulation et a une volontede maitrise des activites et des services. L'encadrement de cette organisation dite mutualisee instrumente donc le processus d'informatisation qui se developpe sur la base d'une strategie de regulation. Cette mise en oeuvre a des limites du fait des reactions diversifiees du collectif d'acteurs et notamment des professionnels (educateurs, medecins, infirmieres , cadres techniques, etc. ). Le modele strategique produit des resultats en termes de recomposition du fonctionnement mais les usages du reseau local revelent une indetermination du processus et des incertitudes dans son evolution. Les logiques de l'usage analysees dans un deuxieme temps revelent une diversification des modes d'appropriation. Certains d'entre eux repondent aux attentes de l'encadrement mais d'autres favorisent des emergences differentes du changement face au modele fixe. Par ailleurs, le construit informatique devient un revelateur des paradoxes et des contraintes qui s'etablissent dans l'organisation entre controle administratif et demarche de realisation d'outils utiles a l'activite, volonte de maitrise et resistances des acteurs en fonction de strategies et de retroactions divergentes. L'analyse diachronique, contextualisee (definie par une observation impliquee et une exigence critique) se situe entre les actions et les discours des acteurs et se doit d'evaluer dans un dernier temps le dispositif realise au niveau des liens et des ruptures entre le fait technique et social. En faisant appel au concept de mediation, cette recherche en sciences de l'information et de la communication (et plus encoreen communication des organisations) etablit alors une liaison entre l'observation et une theorisation du contexte. La mediation technologique souligne alors les differentes occurrences qui sont en oeuvre dans le dispositif ( regulation/coconstruction, contrainte administrative et demarche de production, gestion de projet et indetermination du processus, etc. ).

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12

Bares, Franck. "Contribution à la connaissance du processus entrepreneurial au départ de l'Université : étude des représentations au travers des discours de créateurs et acteurs locaux du développement territorial." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN22004.

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This study proposes to contribute to the knowledge of the entrepreneurship from the spin-off from university. It aims to better understand the problems encountered by students and researchers in this process. A qualitative and longitudinal approach allowed for the examination of the performance and the evolutions of the support structures of firm creation in the territory of Nancy. During the five years of study, the behaviours and practices observed between the local territorial development actors changed considerably. This observation has allowed the carrier of innovative projects to integrate the characteristics of the milieu within which they are anchored. The longitudinal approach enabled for the consideration of the management structure within the organisations followed. One of the central elements rests on the analysis of the relationship between the members of the team of creators. This second section treats the different phases of the entrepreneurial situation along with the vision of the entrepreneur. The ensemble of the results sought to shed light on the theory of entrepreneurship and to make practical propositions to creators, public powers, and local actors of territorial development
Cette recherche se propose de contribuer à la connaissance du processus entrepreneurial au départ de l'Université. Elle vise à mieux connaître les problèmes rencontrés par les créateurs étudiants et chercheurs de "spin-off". L'approche qualitative et longitudinale permet d'approcher tout d'abord les logiques de fonctionnement et les évolutions de l'accompagnement à la création d'entreprises sur le territoire nancéien. Sur près de cinq ans de suivi, les comportements et les pratiques observés entre ces acteurs locaux du développement territorial ont considérablement été modifiés. Ce constat invite les porteurs de projet innovant à intégrer les caractéristiques du milieu auquel ils sont ancrés. L'approche dans la durée permet ensuite d'envisager l'organisation de la conduite interne des entreprises retenues. Un des éléments centraux porte notamment sur l'analyse de la relation entre les membres de l'équipe de créateurs. Cette seconde partie traite des différentes phases de ces situations entrepreneuriales ainsi que de la vision de l'entrepreneur. L'ensemble des résultats observés a pour objet à la fois d'éclairer une lecture théorique et de faire des propositions pratiques aux créateurs, pouvoirs publics et acteurs locaux du développement territorial

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13

Ambrosino, Julien. "Apports de l’hybridation de méthodes de créativité pour l’émergence de projets collaboratifs d’innovation dans les pôles et clusters : proposition de la méthodologie de facilitation d’ateliers STAR et de l’outil de brainstorming électronique IdeaValuation." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0094/document.

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Dans le contexte spécifique de coopétition entre les membres des clusters, l'émergence de projets collaboratifs innovants est une question clé pour les adhérents et les structures permanentes des clusters. Compte-tenu des écosystèmes hétérogènes qui évoluent au sein des clusters, la stratégie d'Interclustering qui est menée pour créer de nouveaux types de projets intersectoriels nécessite de nouveaux outils appropriés pour soutenir l'émergence d'idées innovantes et créatives. De fortes synergies sont mises en évidence grâce à l'animation de clubs d'innovation impliquant des participants provenant des milieux industriels, académiques, scientifiques et des structures de développement économique
In the specific context of coopetition between members of clusters, innovative collaborative projects emergence is a key issue for members and clusters. Given the heterogeneous ecosystems that evolve within the clusters, the interclustering strategy which is conducted to create new types of cross-sectoral projects require new appropriate tools to support creative and new ideas emergence. Strong synergies are highlighted through the use of the discovering matrix and 9 screens tools. These links help facilitators of clusters to optimize the preparation and animation of creative sessions. Strong synergies are highlighted through the animation of innovative clubs involving participants from industrial, academic, scientific and economic development organizations

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14

Chaurand, Julie. "La cohérence interterritoriale des projets de continuités écologiques. L’exemple de la politique Trame verte et bleue en France." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0016/document.

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La Trame verte et bleue (TVB) a pour objectif la préservation et la remise en « bon état » des continuités écologiques (CE). Cette politique publique veut être un outil d’aménagement du territoire. Elle est inscrite à la fois dans le code de l’environnement et de l’urbanisme. Elle se décline à différents niveaux de gouvernance, du national au local en passant par le régional. La cohérence entre ces niveaux est cadrée par la loi française. Mais une importante marge d’interprétation et de mise en œuvre de la politique est laissée aux territoires. Dans cette thèse, nous interrogeons les conditions permettant d’assurer la cohérence entre les projets des territoires ayant trait à la planification des CE. Pour cela, nous répondons à deux principales hypothèses sources de (in)cohérence : (i) l’incomplétude de la connaissance existante en écologie du paysage et son utilisation dans les territoires et, (ii) les processus de gouvernance mis en place pour saisir la marge d’adaptation de la politique, avec un focus sur les acteurs « relais » entre les projets des territoires. Ainsi, nous développons une notion de la « cohérence interterritoriale » basée sur le partage entre les acteurs des territoires d’une vision de l’organisation de l’espace. Nous en tirons une grille d’analyse de cette cohérence appliquée aux projets portant sur les CE. Cette grille présente trois volets : la dimension écologique, la multifonctionnalité et la gouvernance. Ces volets sont assortis de critères et d’indicateurs. La grille d’analyse a été appliquée à différents projets portés par des territoires « emboités » du niveau national au local, dans les régions Bretagne et Occitanie (pour l’ancienne région Languedoc-Roussillon). L’analyse est d’abord spécifique à chaque projet puis est ensuite comparative, de façon verticale entre les niveaux de gouvernance et horizontale entre mêmes niveaux de gouvernance. Nous montrons que la préservation des CE est un « wicked mess problem », dans le sens où il n’existe pas une solution unique et optimale face aux complexités écologiques et sociétales du sujet. Les territoires s’adaptent, traduisent, simplifient et ont leur propre représentation des concepts d’écologie du paysage. Les approches diffèrent du niveau national au local. L’approche naturaliste promue au niveau national devient une approche par l’occupation du sol au niveau local. De même, l’approche écologique devient multifonctionnelle en passant du code de l’environnement au code de l’urbanisme. La loi impose une cohérence descendante entre les territoires ce qui peut être source d’innovation ou au contraire limiter les initiatives par crainte du contentieux juridique. Les acteurs et les projets sont extrêmement divers. La planification des CE est une « patate plus ou moins chaude » que les territoires se repassent les uns aux autres. Les territoires porteurs de schémas de cohérence territoriale (SCoT) ou de plans locaux d’urbanisme (intercommunaux) (PLU(i)) sont souvent identifiés comme les plus pertinents pour traiter le problème. Mais l’application du principe de subsidiarité ne doit pas déresponsabiliser certains territoires, alors que les systèmes socio-écologiques sont de fait inter-échelles et donc interterritoriaux. Le rôle des acteurs « relais » entre les territoires est essentiel à la cohérence interterritoriale pour dynamiser voire créer les proximités organisées entre les territoires. La Trame verte et bleue est actuellement à un tournant suite aux récentes évolutions législatives. Les régions sont identifiées comme cheffes de file sur la biodiversité et sont dotées d’un nouveau schéma régional intégrateur absorbant, notamment, la TVB. La cohérence interterritoriale se construit dans le temps et méritera d’être analysée dans le temps
The “Trame verte et bleue” (TVB), a French public policy, aims at preserving and restoring ecological networks (EN). It is intended to be a tool for land-use planning. It is part of French law’s codes for the environment and for urbanism. It is meant to be implemented at different governance levels, ranging from the national to the regional to the local. The coherence of the TVB between these levels has been specified in French law. Nevertheless, territories have a wide margin for interpretation and implementation of TVB policy. In this thesis, we examine the conditions necessary for ensuring coherence between territorial projects which pertain to EN planning. To this end, we address two main hypotheses that are sources of (in)coherence: (i) the incompleteness of existing knowledge in landscape ecology and its use in the territories, and (ii) the governance processes put in place to take into account the margin for adaptation of the TVB policy, with a focus on “bridging” actors between territorial projects. We develop a notion of “interterritorial coherence” based on the sharing of a vision between the stakeholders of the organization of space. We propose an analysis grid of this coherence applied to projects related to EN. The grid involves three components: the ecological dimension, the multifunctionality, and the governance processes. These components are characterized by criteria and translated into indicators. The analysis grid has been applied to different projects carried out by “nested” territories ranging from the national to the local level in two French regions (Brittany and Occitania, (formerly called Languedoc-Roussillon region)). The analysis is initially specific to each project and then becomes comparative, vertically between levels of governance and horizontally between the same levels of governance. We show that the preservation of EN is a “wicked mess problem”, in the sense that a single and optimal solution does not exist given the ecological and societal complexities of the subject. The territories adapt themselves, simplify and have their own representation of the concepts of landscape ecology. Approaches differ between the national and the local. The naturalistic approach promoted at the national level becomes a land-use approach at the local level. Similarly, the ecological approach becomes multifunctional by transitioning from the environment code to the urbanism code. The law imposes a top-down coherence between the territories. This can be a source of innovation or, on the contrary, can limit initiatives due to fear of litigation. The actors and projects are extremely diverse. EN planning is a “hot potato” (more or less “hot”) that territories pass to each other. The territories with territorial coherence schemes (SCoTs) or local urban planning plans (PLU) are often identified as the most relevant levels to tackle the problem. Nevertheless, the application of the subsidiarity principle must not disempower certain territories, since socio-ecological systems are inter-scale and therefore interterritorial. The role of “bridging” actors between the territories is essential to interterritorial coherence because they can energize or even create the organized proximities between the territories. The “Trame verte et bleue” policy is currently at a turning point following recent legislative developments. Regions are identified as leaders on biodiversity and have to follow a new integrated regional scheme that includes, in particular, EN. Interterritorial coherence is built up over time and will therefore need to be analyzed over time

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Planchat, Claire. "Du paysage aux intentions d'aménagement : usage des représentations paysagères pour la planification de l’agriculture dans les territoires périurbains : Élaboration d’un Itinéraire Méthodologique de Vision Prospective pour le Plan Local d’Urbanisme de Billom (France) et la Charte Paysagère du Parc Naturel de la Vallée d’Attert (Belgique)." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF20014/document.

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Dans les documents d’urbanisme, l’espace agricole est souvent considéré selon sa valeur spatiale et foncière en tant qu’espace disponible pour l’urbanisation. Les exploitants et propriétaires de foncier ont-ils les mêmes considérations ? Nous proposons et analysons un dispositif participatif basé sur l’usage de représentations paysagères pour favoriser le dialogue entre porteurs de projets d’aménagement, agriculteurs et propriétaires. Le dispositif que nous avons conçu vise à aider lesacteurs à construire leurs intentions d’aménagement vis-à-vis de l’agriculture. Pour ce faire, nous nous sommes appuyés sur le cas de deux communes européennes francophones, soit deux contextes de procédures d’aménagement différents. Il s’agit de la commune de Billom (France) à travers la mise en oeuvre de son Plan Local d’Urbanisme (2006-2008) et de la commune d’Attert (Belgique) dans le cadre de la future Charte Paysagère du Parc Naturel Communal (2007-2009). Nous posons l’hypothèse que la mobilisation des représentations paysagères comme support de dialogue entre élus et agriculteurs, à travers un dispositif méthodologique spécifique, permet de révéler leurs intentions d’aménagement (agricoles et urbanistiques). Ce dispositif vise également à accompagner la maîtrise d’ouvrage dans l’intégration à la procédure de ces intentions d’aménagement.La complémentarité des applications du dispositif en France et en Belgique nous a permis de construire un Itinéraire Méthodologique de Vision Prospective (IMVP). Ce dipositif permet de s’inscrire dans un processus d’aide à la décision pour les agriculteurs et les élus dans la définition de la place de l’agriculture dans leur projet de territoire. Il offre aux aménagistes des grilles de lecture pour la construction et l’analyse des intentions d’aménagement des acteurs d’un territoire dans les démarches de concertation. L’IMVP peut également servir de guide méthodologique, répondant ainsi à la demande croissante d’outils de dialogue et de visualisation des enjeux du territoire pour accompagner la planification
Agricultural areas are subject to multiple functions in addition to agricultural production such as recreation, tourism, environmental practices, etc. For periurban areas, the multifunctionality of agricultural areas is now recognized in the planning procedures. But it is still difficult for the promoters to find managementguidelines to preserve the balance between these uses as well as maintaining a "landscape quality". Periurban agriculture is ultimately considered for its value as a space and an available land in terms of urbanization, but what about the opinion of the farmers and owners of agricultural land? The objective ofthis thesis is to propose but also to analyze a participatory method based on the use of landscape representations to foster dialogue between stakeholders, officials, farmers and owners. This device is designed to help actors build their planning intentions concerning the agriculture. To develop this method,we selected two European French speaking territories, with two different management contexts: the town of Billom in France by the implementation of its Local Urban Planning (2006-2008), and the future Landscape Charter of the Natural Park of Attert in Belgium (2007-2009). We assume that landscape representations can be mobilized as medium for dialogue, through a specific methodological system and through participatory workshops. This methodological system can also help the actors to reveal their planning intentions concerning both social, but also the technical (agricultural and urban), relations and representations and to incorporate them into the urban or landscape planning.From the implementation of the methodological system (surveys and workshops) on the both sites in France and Belgium, we built a Methodological Itinerary of Prospective Vision (IMVP) It is composed of five aims of landscape representations uses which relate to: 1. expertise, 2.identification of the participants’ intentions, 3. characterization of the “cadre de vie” from workshops using the method of the negative vision of the future, 4. sharing the positive vision of the future and operational arguments and intentions to integrate into the planning process, 5. evaluation of the integration of the actors’ intentions into the territorialproject. To formalize and articulate these aims, in terms of methodological steps, we have chosen to complete the reading grid of the local landscape interventions categories (Moquay et al., 2007) and to develop it upstream the landscape charter process and in the middle of the urban planning process. Theresearcher involvement appears at two levels. First is mediation in the aim to bring together stakeholders in the process. The second is the observation and deciphering of the representations and planning intentions on landscape components identified by the actors. The interest of the IMVP is to be included in decision processes. It assists farmers and elected officials by establish agricultural projects in their territories. The IMVP also distinguishes transferable references and tools that urban planning managers can use to analyze actor’s intentions and to develop collaborative approaches. The IMVP could become a methodological guide to complement the growing demand for tools of dialogue and visualization of regional issues to support planning

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Patiri, Victor José de Andrade. "Projetos ecológicos e o desenvolvimento local - estudo de caso do projeto Tamar." Mestrado Profissional em Administração - MPA da Escola de Administração da Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2002. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10450.

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Esta dissertação é um estudo de caso exploratório que analisa o modus operandi do Projeto TAMAR e suas relações com o desenvolvimento local. Trata-se de um projeto ecológico que vêm sendo realizado, sob um regime híbrido, entre o Estado e o Terceiro Setor, envolvendo respectivamente o Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis-IBAMA e a Fundação PRÓ-TAMAR. São executadas políticas e atividades consideradas essenciais para a proteção das tartarugas marinhas, em 20 bases operacionais, localizadas em pequenas comunidades litorâneas de 8 estados do Brasil. O Projeto TAMAR, durante seus 20 anos de existência, evoluiu de uma perspectiva stricto sensu ambientalista para outra, superior, socioambiental. A organização experimentou tal evolução operando dentro de uma multiculturalidade, agregando características das diversas culturas locais, realizando ações que promovem a conservação da biodiversidade, imbricadas no respeito às tradições locais – valorização cultural; atividades educacionais e a criação de alternativas econômicas que buscam viabilizar a sustentabilidade das comunidades locais. Este estudo, em primeiro lugar, apresenta uma abordagem sobre as questões ambientais, os paradigmas contemporâneos de desenvolvimento e o princípio da subsidiariedade, base teórica sobre as quais se fundamentaram as premissas da pesquisa. Em seguida, aborda-se a organização TAMAR, desde a sua criação, a gestão integrada e suas transformações organizacionais, relacionando-se as atividades institucionais com a promoção do desenvolvimento local. Além das atividades de conservação das tartarugas marinhas são abordados três outros tipos de ações: os programas educativos, a valorização cultural e as alternativas econômicas sustentáveis. A pesquisa, desenvolvida com fontes primárias e secundárias, indicou que uma das maiores contribuições do Projeto TAMAR é a de fazer com que os gestores das bases operacionais fixem residência nas comunidades, situadas no entorno das atividades institucionais. Tal estratégia aparece como o principal requisito para que outros programas congêneres desenvolvam a capacidade de perceber a realidade de cada local, passo fundamental e inescapável para que uma organização inicie um processo de desenvolvimento local. Evidencia-se que a continuidade das atividades proporcionou o amadurecimento das relações entre a organização objeto deste estudo e as comunidades locais. Foram estabelecidos valores de credibilidade, respeito e laços de confiança entre o Projeto TAMAR e as comunidades inseridas em sua a área de atuação. Em conseqüência, surgiram processos de inclusão social, inicialmente vinculados às ações de conservação das tartarugas marinhas e, em seguida, nos grupos produtivos associados. Em estágio mais avançado, atingiu-se também outros beneficiários indiretos, ligados à prestação de serviços na área do ecoturismo.
Salvador

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17

Carvalho, Tereza Cristina Melo de Brito. "Metodologia e ferramentas de projeto de redes locais." Universidade de São Paulo, 1996. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-11072018-084038/.

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Com o objetivo de auxiliar o projetista na fase de projeto físico, são especificadas duas ferramentas: ferramenta de cabeamento estruturado e ferramenta de seleção de equipamentos. A primeira opera como um sistema de CAD/CAE permitindo que o projetista elabore as plantas civil, de instalação elétrica e da infra-estrutura de comunicação de andares de um prédio ou de um campus e desenvolva o seu projeto de cabeamento estruturado. Para tanto, essa ferramenta verifica as regras de projeto para cada ação executada pelo projetista, implementa tais regras, quando estiver operando em modo automático, e auxilia o projetista na seleção dos componentes de distribuição mais adequados ao projeto. A segunda ferramenta implementa um driver da metodologia proposta. Permite que o projetista especifique as sub-redes do ambiente de redes a ser projetado e o auxilia na seleção da tecnologia e dos equipamentos mais apropriados para cada uma dessas sub-redes. No caso especifico da seleção da tecnologia e equipamentos de rede, essa ferramenta determina o conjunto de tecnologias e equipamentos que podem ser empregados em cada sub-rede, aplicando regras de projeto e utilizando informações sobre tecnologias e equipamentos de rede cadastrados na sua base de dados sobre as características do ambiente de informática considerado e os requisitos de projeto fornecidos pelo próprio projetista.
Today, networks are assuming an increasing importance in all kinds of companies, like bureau of services, bank organizations, shopping stores, educational institutions and hospitals, among others. As a consequence, it\'s becoming more important to offer to these companies high quality network designs, that could warranty the return of the investments made. A high quality design should fulfil the company needs, the addition of new services as the information system evolves and be capable of implementation according to the company budget and time constraints. To achieve this goal it is important to count with a powerful local network design methodology and with designers with strong theoretical and practical knowledge. The designer should apply such methodology and the corresponding designing rules to define the most appropriate network technology and equipments. Inside this context, the purpose of this work is to propose a local network design methodology for environments spanning from a few floors of a building comprising a campus and the supporting software tools for its applications. The proposed methodology consists of various phases: collecting all the information concerning the needs and characteristics of the company\'s present computing environment, their future trends and the development of the physical and logical network design. With exception of the logical networks design, that is out of the scope of this work, this methodology specifies the inputs, the procedure and the expected results for each phase. With the purpose of helping the designer during the physical network design phase two software tools are speciufied: structured cabling tool and equipment selection tool. The first one run like a CAD/CAE the electrical installation and the communication infrastructure for the building and campus and todevelop of the structured cabling solution. In order to accomplish these objectives, this tool verifies the designing rules for each action, implements these rules when operating in the automatic mode, and helps the designer in the selection of the most suited distribution components. The second tool implements a driver of the proposed methodology. It allows the designer to specify the sub-networks (workgroups and backbone networks) and helps with the selection of the most suited technology and network equipments for each sub-network. This tool also chooses the set of technologies and network equipments the could be used in each sub-network. It provides these choices based on the designing rules, on a database of technologies and equipments and on the characteristic of the computing environment and the design requirements provide by the designer. The use of the proposed methodology and its supporting tool\'s warranties the targeted quality and precision for any network design, organize its applications and give the necessary information allowing the designer to specify the desired solution.

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18

Charles, Ségolène. "L’élu, le citoyen et le praticien : chroniques urbaines : l'expérience du projet urbain participatif dans les petites villes." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC009.

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Dans un contexte national de transfert des compétences à l’échelon intercommunal, de diminution de leurs ressources et d'affaiblissement de leurs prérogatives réglementaires, les élus locaux de petites villes et leurs services techniques sont confrontés à des enjeux qui dépassent bien souvent leurs compétences et les moyens dont ils disposent. Or, la mise en œuvre d'un projet urbain participatif suppose d’opérer un changement de paradigme vis-à-vis des cultures politiques et professionnelles dont ils ont hérité. Elle rend manifestement nécessaire de repenser leurs rôles et leurs modalités d'intervention.À partir de l'expérience d’une agence d’architecture et d’urbanisme, cette thèse analyse la place et les modalités d'action de l’élu comme « Maître d’Ouvrage occasionnel » dans le cadre de projets urbains organisés avec des ambitions participatives importantes et inhabituelles pour la collectivité. Basée sur trois études de cas, elle décrit et interprète les difficultés conjointement rencontrées par la petite ville et la structure qui l'accompagne. En s’appuyant sur une démarche de « participation observante » et sur la Théorie de la Régulation Sociale, cette recherche examine les conflits et négociations au sein du système d’acteurs du projet urbain dans lequel gravite l’élu local
In a national context of transferring their competences to intercommunal institutions, reducing their resources and weakening of their regulatory prerogatives, local elected representatives in small cities, and their technical services, are faced with issues that often exceed their capacity for action. The implementation of a participatory urban project requires a paradigm shift in the political and professional cultures they have inherited. It clearly makes it necessary to rethink their roles and modalities of intervention.Based on the experience of an architectural and urban planning agency, this thesis analyses the place and the modalities of action of the elected representative as "Occasional Contracting Authority", for urban projects organized with significant and unusual participatory ambitions for the community. On the basis of three case studies, it describes and interprets the difficulties encountered by the small city and its accompanying structure. Relying on an approach of "observant participation" and on the Theory of Social Regulation, this research examines the conflicts and negotiations within the system of actors implied in the urban project in which the local elected is involved

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Toledo, Mariana Peixoto de. "Participação de instituições locais em projetos de revitalização urbana : o caso do Projeto Porto Maravilha na cidade do Rio de Janeiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/9843.

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Dentro do contexto do desenvolvimento urbano sustentável, diversas metrópoles estão revitalizando áreas centrais degradadas. Regiões portuárias são exemplos de áreas degradadas que têm passado por processos de revitalização. O envolvimento de diferentes atores locais (Poder Público, mercado e sociedade civil) no processo de decisão e também durante a implementação das obras de revitalização deve ser visto como ponto chave na garantia de um processo transparente e particular para cada revitalização executada. Para subsidiar tal abordagem, este trabalho utiliza como referencial teórico a gestão social e seus critérios do processo de discussão, pluralismo e bem-comum para a implementação de políticas públicas, onde a multiplicidade de atores deve participar em igualdade de direitos nos processos decisórios deliberativos na busca do bem-estar social. Na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, em 2009, a instituição por lei da Operação Urbana Consorciada da Área de Especial Interesse Urbanístico da Região Portuária do Rio de Janeiro garante que o projeto de revitalização chamado Porto Maravilha possa ser implementado. Por ser fruto de uma Operação Urbana Consorciada, o projeto deve contar com a participação de proprietários, moradores, usuários e dos investidores para revitalizar uma área de aproximadamente cinco milhões de metros quadrados. Assim, considerada a importância de diferentes atores para garantir um processo decisório legítimo e considerada a obrigatoriedade da participação de diferentes atores na implementação do projeto Porto Maravilha, o objetivo deste trabalho é identificar como as instituições locais participam no Projeto Porto Maravilha. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa de campo por meio da participação em reuniões das instâncias participativas na região portuária, da aplicação de questionários às instituições locais e da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com representantes das instituições locais e outros atores envolvidos com o projeto. Para o tratamento dos dados obtidos utilizou-se o método da análise de conteúdo com grade mista, cujas categorias definidas foram relacionadas com os critérios do processo de discussão, pluralismo e bem-comum da gestão social e um tratamento estatístico para a elaboração de uma matriz que permitiu relacionar o grau de participação e a posição das instituições locais frente ao projeto. Para o tratamento final, a triangulação metodológica foi utilizada e os resultados foram confrontados com o referencial teórico. Os resultados mostraram que a revitalização da região portuária despertou interesse para que instâncias participativas que já existiam na região se reestruturassem e que novas instâncias fossem criadas. Independente de serem a favor ou contra o projeto, há uma mobilização por parte das instituições locais em se envolverem no projeto, embora este não possa se caracterizar como um processo deliberativo de construção conjunta definido a partir de um consenso, pois, as diretrizes gerais do projeto Porto Maravilha foram instituídas por lei. A maioria das instituições locais concorda e participa do acompanhamento e da implementação do projeto por meio do compartilhamento com o Estado da responsabilidade de criar espaços educativos e investir em programas sociais que possam garantir a melhoria das condições de vida da população local.
By following the context of urban sustainable development, many metropolis are implementing urban revitalization projects in brownfields areas. Waterfronts are examples of brownfields areas which are passing through revitalization processes. The involvement of different local actors (Public Sector, Private Sector and Civil Society) in decision-making process and also during the works must be seen as key points to guarantee a transparent and particular process in each revitalization project implemented. In order to support this approach, this work uses as theory reference the social management and its criteria of discussion process, pluralism and common-good, for the implementation of public policies, where the multiplicity of actors must participate with equal rights on deliberative decisionmaking processes looking for achieving social welfare. In the city of Rio de Janeiro, in 2009, it was instituted by law the Urban Operation of Special Interest Area of Rio de Janeiro Port which allows the implementation of the Porto Maravilha project. By being part of an Urban Operation, the project must count with participation of owners, residents, users and investors to revitalize an area of approximately five million square meters. Thus, considering the importance of different actors to legitimate the decision process and considering the obligation of involving different actors on Porto Maravilha project, the main objective of this work is to identify how local institutions participate on Porto Maravilha project. To achieve this objective, a field research was conducted by attending participative instances meetings in Port area, sending questionnaires to local institutions and interviewing local institutions representatives and some others actors who are involved with the project. For data processing it has been used the content analysis with combined grid, which selected grids were the ones related to discussion process, pluralism and common-good criteria of social management and a statistics data processing in order to elaborate a matrix that combines participation and project agreement levels. The final data processing was the methodological data triangulation and the confrontation with theoretical basis. Results have shown that the revitalization of waterfront area in Rio de Janeiro has awakened interest on restructuration of existing participative instances and on establishing new ones.Whether they are for or against the project, there is a mobilization by local institutions to become involved in the project, although this can not be characterized as a deliberative process of construction set from a consensus, once the general guidelines of Porto Maravilha project have been established by law. The majority of local institutions agrees and participates in the monitoring and implementation of the project by sharing with the State's responsibility to create educational spaces and invest in social programs that can ensure the improvement of living conditions of local people.

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20

Okuda, Kazuko. "Les projets d'urbanisme de Tokyo et les projets d'urbanisme parisiens : étude de droit de l'urbanisme comparé français et japonais." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB126/document.

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Анотація:

Paris et Tokyo, les deux grandes capitales mondiales attirent les touristes, étudiants, artistes et investisseurs nationaux et étrangers. Pour faire face à leurs compétiteurs, ces deux grandes villes lancent plusieurs projets d'urbanisme. À Paris comme à Tokyo, les chantiers se trouvent dans plusieurs quartiers. Mais la procédure de l'établissement d'un plan d'urbanisme et le processus de sa réalisation sont très différents dans les deux pays. La France est un pays décentralisé comme le déclare l'article 1er de la Constitution du 4 octobre 1958 : « l'organisation de la République » est décentralisée. Le Japon est, par contre, un pays très centralisé. Les Japonais s'adaptent au pilotage directif, les Français apprécient le pilotage participatif. Le plan d'urbanisme est donc établi au niveau local en France, tandis que l'État et les départements prennent l'initiative au Japon, même si le pouvoir de l'élaboration d'un plan local d'urbanisme (Masterplan) est attribué aux collectivités publiques depuis 2000. Le Masterplan doit refléter les opinions des habitants. Mais la participation publique au Japon est plus réticente, alors qu'en France, toutes les personnes concernées peuvent participer à tous les processus de l'élaboration d'un plan d'urbanisme. Au Japon, depuis 1998, l'examen de la demande du permis de construire peut être délégué à une organisation privée, à la place d'un agent de la fonction publique territoriale. Depuis 2002, pour les mesures spéciales, le droit de l'expropriation peut être également confié à une personne morale de droit privé. Depuis 2003, le plan d'urbanisme peut être aussi proposé par les propriétaires de terrains et les opérateurs privés. L'inconvénient de la délégation de certains services aux personnes morales de droit privé, c'est le mercantilisme du projet d'urbanisme. Plusieurs immeubles de grande hauteur sont construits dans les zones commerciales localisées au centre-ville et même dans des zones résidentielles où il n'est permis de bâtir que des pavillons de faible hauteur. Les promoteurs de ces grandes constructions entrent souvent en conflit avec les habitants au voisinage, qui veulent conserver le paysage et l'environnement du quartier. À Paris, les immeubles de grande hauteur sont construits en périphérie de Paris. Depuis 2011, la limite de hauteur est fixée à 50 mètres. Les immeubles de grande hauteur permettent d'augmenter la surface totale habitable. Pour attribuer des logements aux étudiants, immigrés étrangers, gens du voyage et personnes les plus défavorisées, Paris encourage la construction de logements sociaux. À Tokyo, par contre, aucun nouveau logement social n'est construit depuis 1999 sous prétexte que la population commence à baisser. À Tokyo et à Kawasaki (voisine de Tokyo), en raison de la crise économique et de la baisse de la population des jeunes (20-30ans), les nouveaux logements ne se vendent pas bien depuis quelques années. En l'absence de plan d'urbanisme pour les habitants, les immeubles de grande hauteur qui se dressent partout gâchent le paysage. Malheureusement, au Japon, les tribunaux protègent rarement les intérêts privés des habitants. À la différence de la France, il n'existe pas de tribunaux administratifs qui soient compétents pour tout litige avec l'administration. Au Japon, les requêtes sont donc déposées devant le juge judiciaire. Les juges soutiennent souvent les pouvoirs publics. Une voie de recours pour demander la suspension provisoire des décisions a été créée seulement en 2004 dans le but d'élargir la protection des intérêts privés. Le juge examine si les dommages ne sont pas trop graves pour pouvoir être réparés, c'est-à-dire, qu'il évalue si la gravité des dommages produits par la décision administrative caractérise un abus du pouvoir administratif. Dans la plupart des cas, l'administration gagne le procès. Non seulement les habitants perdent le procès, mais il arrive fréquemment que les recours ne soient pas accueillis par le tribunal (...)
Paris and Tokyo are; two world capitals which attract tourists, students, artists and foreign investors. To face their competitors, these two big cities are starting several urban planning projects. In Paris, as in Tokyo, construction takes place in several districts. However, the procedures for establishing city planning schemes and the process of their realization are very different in both countries. France is a decentralized country as proscribed the article 1 of the Constitution of 4 October 1958: «the organization of the Republic» is decentralized. Japan is, on the other hand, a very centralized country. The Japanese people find top-down organization suitable, while French people appreciate the participative approach. City planning is thus established at the local level in France, while the government and prefectures take the initiative in Japan, even if the elaboration of a local urban plan (Master plan) is attributed to the local self-governing body since 2000. Master plans have to reflect the opinions of the inhabitants. The public participates in Japan reluctantly, while in France, all the concerned persons can participate in all processes of elaboration of a local urban plan. In Japan, in spite of the centralization of power, certain powers are entrusted to private citizens. Since 1998, the examination of the application of a building permit can be delegated to a private organization. Since 2002, for certain measures, the act of expropriation can be also entrusted to a private citizen. Since 2003, city planning can also be proposed by property owners and private developers. The inconvenience created by the delegation of certain services to a private citizen is the mercantilism of the urban planning project. Several skyscrapers have been built in shopping districts located in city centers and even in residential zones where it is normally prohibited to build houses with more than 3 floors. The construction of a high-rise building often involves a dispute with neighborhoods wanting to preserve the landscape and the environment of their living area. In Paris, high-rise buildings are built on the outskirts of the city. Since 2011, the height limit permitted 50 meters. High-rise buildings increase total living space allowing more residence for students, foreign workers, travelers and underprivileged persons. Paris thus encourages the construction of local authority housing. In Tokyo, on the other hand, no new local authority housing has been built since 1999 on the pretext of a decrease in the population. In Tokyo and Kawasaki (a neighboring city to Tokyo), new housing has not been able to sell because of the economic crisis and the decrease in the younger population (20-30 years old). Without city planning for the inhabitants, the skyscrapers built everywhere spoil the landscape. Unfortunately, in Japan, the courts rarely protect the interests of the inhabitants. There are no administrative courts which are competent for any dispute with the administration. In Japan, a civil suit is filed. Judges often support the public authority. A way of appeal for the temporary suspension was created in 2004 with the aim of widening the protection of private interests. Judges can now investigate if the damage is not too grave to repair. They consider if the importance of the damage produced by the administrative decision is great enough to overtake the right of discretion or abuse of the administrative power. Nevertheless, in most cases, the administration wins at trial. Not only do the inhabitants usually lose their trial, but also many trials are simply refused by the court because of a lack of interest to act. As a consequence, several urban planning projects in the region in Tokyo region de not take into consideration the interest of the inhabitants

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Daydé, Virginie. "Le projet éducatif local comme espace de rencontre entre projet d'établissement et projet de territoire." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20101.

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Le projet éducatif local (PEL) est proposé dans cette recherche comme un espace de rencontre entre le projet d'établissement et le projet de territoire. Traduction et émergence visible sur les territoires du développement éducatif local, le PEL est défini comme un espace dynamique et processuel de préservation/transformation des organisations, relations, méthodes opératoires et visées de deux pôles éducatifs : le pôle de l'Education nationale, légitimé et formel, le pôle territorial plus informel et mouvant. Ces processus de préservation/transformation conduisent l'interstructuration des pôles éducatifs désignés. L'interstructuration des pôles organise les modalités de la construction de la forme éducative partagée autour d'un projet commun : le projet éducatif local
In this present research work, the local educational project ("PEL" standing for Projet éducatif local) is proposed as an intersecting area between the project related to the education system and the project related to the territorial system. The PEL is the implementation and locally, the visible emergence of the policy aiming at the development of local education (DEL standing for Developpement éduactif local). The pEL is defined as a dynamically evolvong space, which, in all aspects related to their organisation, their relationship, operationnal mode and objective preserves and/or transforms the two main education axis : on one hand, the legitimate and formal organisation of the education nationale (national education service), and on the other hand, the less formal and more evolving territorial organisations. Thses processes of preservation/transformation lead to the "inter-structuration" of these organisations understood as interactive structural changes due to the PEL. This "inter-structuration" is the source of the construction of a common education concept by sharing a common project : the PEL

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22

Lacoste, Franck. "L' intercommunalité de projet : Dynamique fonctionnelle et relance institutionnelle." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10031.

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Puglia, Douglas Biagio [UNESP]. "ADESG: elites locais civis e projeto político." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93259.

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Анотація:

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-06-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:13:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 puglia_db_me_fran.pdf: 668880 bytes, checksum: 501c7b923aba744f58e0ac373609e98a (MD5)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
A presente dissertação, através das monografias e textos relativos a Associação dos Diplomados da Escola Superior de Guerra, representação de Ribeirão Preto, produzidos na década de 70 do século passado, discute o papel desempenhado pela ADESG para a disseminação da Doutrina de Seguranca Nacional e dos projetos ligados a Escola Superior de Guerra. O objetivo principal era analisar o projeto político para as elites políticas locais e em que ele consistia. Sendo assim, tal pesquisa buscou analisar como as elites políticas locais deveriam se portar e como elas participariam de um projeto maior, que enquadraria toda a sociedade
The present dissertation, trough the use of the Associação dos Diplomados da Escola Superior de Guerra's monografies, representation of Ribeirão Preto, wrote in seventies of the last century, discuss the role attended by the ADESG, to divulge the Doutrina de Segurança Nacional and the projects linked to the Escola Superior de Guerra. The mainly objective was discuss the politic project for the local politics elites and what for. Hence, this search analysed how the local politics elites have to behavior e how they could contribute in a bigger project for the society

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Puglia, Douglas Biagio. "ADESG : elites locais civis e projeto político /." Franca, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93259.

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Анотація:

Orientador: Samuel Alves Soares
Banca: Teresa Maria Malatian
Banca: Claudio de Carvalho Silveira
Resumo: A presente dissertação, através das monografias e textos relativos a Associação dos Diplomados da Escola Superior de Guerra, representação de Ribeirão Preto, produzidos na década de 70 do século passado, discute o papel desempenhado pela ADESG para a disseminação da Doutrina de Seguranca Nacional e dos projetos ligados a Escola Superior de Guerra. O objetivo principal era analisar o projeto político para as elites políticas locais e em que ele consistia. Sendo assim, tal pesquisa buscou analisar como as elites políticas locais deveriam se portar e como elas participariam de um projeto maior, que enquadraria toda a sociedade
Abstract: The present dissertation, trough the use of the Associação dos Diplomados da Escola Superior de Guerra's monografies, representation of Ribeirão Preto, wrote in seventies of the last century, discuss the role attended by the ADESG, to divulge the Doutrina de Segurança Nacional and the projects linked to the Escola Superior de Guerra. The mainly objective was discuss the politic project for the local politics elites and what for. Hence, this search analysed how the local politics elites have to behavior e how they could contribute in a bigger project for the society
Mestre

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25

Zungu, Nomsa. "An impact assessment of the poverty alleviation projects: a case study of Thuthukani project in Dannhauser local municipality, Kwazulu Natal." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008583.

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The South African government has introduced mechanisms and plans to alleviate poverty and to monitor and evaluate the impact of the policies and programmes to the reduction of poverty. In its quest to eradicate and alleviate poverty, the government has prioritized poverty alleviation in its development agenda. In efforts to fight poverty, the government has since 1994, implemented various programmes that are aimed at alleviating poverty through stimulating employment, developing skills and improving service delivery. The poverty alleviation programme is one of the strategies that was implemented by the government, as a means to eradicate poverty. At the community level, depending on the nature of the programme, efforts have been made to incorporate mechanisms which enable poor people to play an active role in deciding how the benefits from programmes are distributed. The study was based on the projects identified by the community of Amajuba district in Dannhauser area in KwaZulu Natal. The Dannhauser Municipality in partnership with the Department of Agriculture and Environmental affairs have played a vital role in this regard by supporting the establishment of the Thuthukani project in 2004. In an attempt to assess the impact of the poverty alleviation projects, this study investigated the role played by the Thuthukani project in local economic development of the Dannhauser community in the Dannhauser Municipality. Participants included the Thuthukani project members, and the extension officer from the Department of Agriculture and Environmental affairs. The study found that, indeed poverty alleviation projects play a role in local economic development since they contribute towards job creation and improvement of the socio-economic status of the local community.

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Nyatela, Mzukisi Eric. "Poverty alleviation projects in Amahlathi local municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9865.

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Introduction: Poverty is the burden of South African people and is the result of the laws of the apartheid system. Poverty affects millions of people most of which live in the rural areas. Thus poverty alleviation is one of the priorities of the government. The Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) is one of the policy documents that aimed to build a democratic government. The RDP document (in African National Congress, 1994:4) stated that poverty alleviation or attacking poverty was the priority of the government from the beginning of democracy and that it is the same case today with the poverty alleviation projects by the Department of Social Development (DoSD):- “But an election victory is only a first step. No political democracy can survive and flourish if the mass of our people remain in poverty, without land, without tangible prospects for a better life. Attacking poverty and deprivation must therefore be the first priority of a democratic government”. Therefore the statement above echoed the sentiments of the newly elected democratic government of 1994. The aim was to provide houses for all specifically the disadvantaged people, to provide water and sanitation for all, to provide electricity, maintenance of roads, improvement of health facilities, job creation, improvement of skills, improvement of income and many more. These privileges were not enjoyed by all during the apartheid era specifically the black masses. The above promises are not all fulfilled but the government is busy providing programmes through different departments. For an example this research report is about poverty alleviation projects that are being provided by the DoSD. This section of the study attempts to provide an overview of the study, including the rationale and background of the study as well as the study area and its challenges. Included in this overview is the context of the study, the research problem, the research question, the research purpose, and the research objectives.

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Park, Keith Marron. "The global-to-local search method: A systematic search procedure that uses the context of the textured layout to locate and detect low-contrast targets in aerial images." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/700.

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Brossi-Monteiro, Karina Pellegrino. "A consonância entre projetos pedagógicos e a realidade do entorno social de escolas públicas da Zona Norte de São Paulo: uma análise e algumas considerações." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/10341.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This work it is a document analisys that adresses a study of the Pedagogical Projects of two schools located in the northern city of São Paulo, namely in the districts of Jaçanã and Tucuruvi respectively, and the way they were planed according to reality of the communities where they operate. The objective of this research is to conduct a study on educational projects, analyzing their composition, whether they are the result of a collective work, and especially considering the data from the social context and reality of the school community and also provide service to and exchange with community in implementing the actions proposed in order to show the differences between the schools studied, as well as their locations. For this purpose, specific objectives involved delimited to verify a diagnosis was made on the specific community school, and analyze the educational project was developed on basis of their specific local idiosyncrasies, noting the characteristics that the school has and how the project characterizes. For this was done reading the educational projects of the selected schools, whose data collected as specific script, we analyzed about axes created as the data collected to help us check the consonances and dissonances of ideas and action plans contained in the projects of schools. The analysis was supported by authors of theoretical sociology of education, education and social services, such as Apple & Beane (2001), Young (2001), Gimeno Sacristan (1998), Azanha (2006), Veiga (1995), Haydt (1997), Sposati (1996; 2000), Saviani (1976) and Albuquerque (2005), so it was verified that the selected districts first (Jaçanã) presents data showing lower levels of quality than the second district (Tucuruvi). The projects for their respective schools, in turn, were consistent with the reality of their communities. While the school located in Jacana has no structure or an appropriate plan of action that makes possible the improvement of regional school located in Tucuruvi has a well-designed project, with a diagnosis that is consistent with the priorities established by the same according to their conceptions
O presente trabalho refere-se a uma análise documental que aborda o estudo sobre os Projetos Pedagógicos de duas escolas situadas na região norte da cidade de São Paulo, a saber, nos distritos de Jaçanã e Tucuruvi respectivamente, e a maneira como os mesmos foram elaborados conforme a realidade das comunidades onde se inserem. O objetivo da presente pesquisa é a realização de estudo sobre Projetos Pedagógicos, analisando sua composição, se são fruto de um trabalho coletivo e, sobretudo, se consideram os dados do contexto social e a realidade concreta da comunidade escolar e ainda, se prevêem atendimento e envolvimento da comunidade na execução das ações que propõem, de maneira a mostrar as diferenças entre as escolas estudadas, conforme suas localizações. Para tanto, os objetivos específicos delimitados envolveram verificar se foi feito um diagnóstico sobre a comunidade específica da escola, e analisar se o Projeto Pedagógico foi elaborado sobre bases concretas de suas idiossincrasias locais, observando as características que a escola tem e como o projeto as caracteriza. Para tanto foi realizada leitura dos Projetos Pedagógicos das escolas selecionadas, cujos dados coletados conforme roteiro específico foram analisados em torno de eixos criados conforme os dados coletados que permitiram verificar as consonâncias e dissonâncias de concepções e planos de ação constantes nos projetos das escolas. A análise realizada contou com apoio teórico de autores da sociologia da Educação, Educação e serviço social, tais como Apple & Beane (2001), Young (2001), Gimeno Sacristán (1998), Azanha (2006), Veiga (1995), Haydt (1997), Sposati (1996; 2000), Saviani (1976) e Albuquerque (2005), de maneira que foi verificado que dos distritos selecionados o primeiro (Jaçanã) apresenta dados que revelam índices de qualidade baixos em relação ao segundo distrito. Os projetos de suas respectivas escolas, por sua vez, mostraram-se condizentes com a realidade de suas comunidades. Enquanto a escola situada em Jaçanã não possui estruturação adequada ou um plano de ação que viabilize a melhoria das condições regionais, a escola situada em Tucuruvi possui um projeto bem elaborado, com um diagnóstico que condiz com as prioridades estabelecidas pela mesma conforme suas concepções

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Mamotho, Mpho Benett. "Sustainable rural development projects in Ficksburg Local Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5751.

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The current study aimed to evaluation of a Rural Development project in this case the (Kabelo Trust), by evaluating the factors that contributes to its sustainability even though 70% of the members did not undergo high school education. Qualitative research methods was employed in gathering accurate information from the project members about the strategies that they are employing in sustaining the project while many government funded project does not last for even a year. The involvement of the stakeholders like Setsoto Local Municipality, the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform, the role they played in the project was also explored. It was therefore suggested by the researcher that the main stakeholder which is the Department of Agriculture should assist the project in establishing market for products in other countries.

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Bombenger, Pierre-Henri. "L'urbanisme en campagne : pratiques de planification des sols et d'aide à la décision dans des communes rurales françaises." Thèse, Tours, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4492/1/D2275.pdf.

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Dans les petites communes rurales françaises, les modalités d'élaboration des règles locales d'urbanisme se distinguent des territoires urbains par l'absence d'ingénierie propre, la prégnance de l'interconnaissance entre élus municipaux et usagers de l'espace et la forte disponibilité physique potentielle de la ressource foncière. Le processus de normalisation du droit des sols qui caractérise les campagnes interroge ainsi les effets de la proximité sociale entre décideurs et publics-cibles, de la bureaucratie administrative restreinte et des pratiques d'arrangements entre acteurs territoriaux. En s'appuyant sur ce contexte politico-administratif particulier, cette thèse interprète les pratiques d'élaboration des plans locaux d'urbanisme (PLU) sous l'angle des injonctions à la mise en œuvre d'une planification durable de l'espace et de la transformation du cadre organisationnel de l’action publique territoriale. Depuis quelques années, le législateur renforce l'étendue des champs sociaux régulés par les documents locaux d'urbanisme et tend à faire de la préservation de l'environnement l'enjeu majeur de ces dispositifs. Mais cette dynamique « d'écologisation » des objectifs de l'action publique se déploie dans un contexte marqué par la remise en cause du modèle de co-administration des territoires entre les agents des services déconcentrés de l'État et les élus locaux. La vacance technique engendrée par ce recentrage de l'action des Directions départementales des Territoires n'est que partiellement compensée par l'intercommunalité rurale, les acteurs intermédiaires (chambre d'agriculture, parc naturel régional) ou le recours à une maîtrise d'œuvre privée. Cette recherche pose l'hypothèse de la diffusion d'un processus de « régulation locale » de la planification spatiale centrée sur le maire rural dont les mécanismes institutionnels questionnent la possibilité de produire localement une norme opérationnelle d'urbanisme rural durable. Pour investiguer cette assertion, nous nous appuyons sur une démarche de recherche-action organisée autour d'un outil d'aide à la décision baptisé « Système Intégré Urbanisme » (SIU). Celui-ci est développé dans le cadre de la révision de la charte du Parc naturel régional des Ballons des Vosges et expérimenté avec les élus de trois communes élaborant leur plan local d'urbanisme. Ce dispositif de recherche permet d'analyser en situation les caractéristiques du système de gouvernance des petites communes rurales, et notamment les effets de la proximité sociale sur le contenu de la norme locale de planification spatiale. Fondés sur des études de cas, les résultats présentés permettent une montée en généralité, mais doivent être nuancés afin de s'adapter à la diversité des mondes ruraux. À partir de ces matériaux empiriques, la thèse interroge en particulier trois aspects des tensions entre les enjeux globaux d'un urbanisme durable et une gestion locale du dispositif d'action publique. D'une part, la dynamique de « régulation locale » réorganise autour du maire rural l'équilibre des pouvoirs entre les acteurs institutionnels associés à l'élaboration du PLU. Elle reconfigure ainsi le référentiel cognitif de l'action publique locale en redessinant les contours du processus d'hybridation entre les connaissances des techniciens de l'action publique et les savoirs territoriaux des élus locaux. D'autre part, ce recodage des connaissances donne aux élus municipaux une plus grande marge d'action dans la définition des priorités locales. Ce faisant, il déplace les modalités habituelles de légitimation de la décision publique et renforce le poids des contraintes issues de leur proximité sociale avec les usagers de l'espace. Le maire rural se retrouve isolé à devoir arbitrer entre les injonctions croissantes à la réduction de la consommation des ressources naturelles, formulées par les techniciens de l'action publique, et les doléances locales de ses concitoyens à la pérennisation des droits à construire octroyés par les anciens plans d'occupation des sols. Cette situation questionne ainsi la capacité du processus de « régulation locale » à favoriser la production de normes locales d'urbanisme rural durable. Enfin, le recours aux outils techniques de l'action publique, et notamment aux instruments d'évaluation de la durabilité, apparaît comme une alternative à la réduction de la présence territoriale des agents publics. Mais nous montrons que par la nature transactionnelle des connaissances mobilisées, l'efficacité de cette médiation par les outils renforce, la plupart du temps, la nécessité d'une présence territoriale des institutions auprès des élus locaux. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Urbanisme rural durable, plan local d'urbanisme, communes rurales françaises, régulation locale, négociation, système technique d'aide à la décision, circulation des connaissances, pratiques territoriales, parc naturel régional.

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Marques, Rui Filipe Duarte. "Música e memórias em palco : um projeto de música na comunidade." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21820.

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Mestrado em Ensino de Música
Música e Memórias em Palco é o título de um projeto de música na comunidade posto em prática em Penalva de Alva durante o ano de 2016. O projeto, que contou com a colaboração de atuais e antigos músicos da Tuna Penalvense, bem como de outras pessoas da localidade, compreendeu uma fase de pesquisa documental e trabalho de campo, a recolha, transcrição e arranjo de obras musicais, a realização de vários ensaios e a apresentação de um concerto à comunidade. Este documento contextualiza e descreve este processo.
Música e Memórias em Palco is the title of a community music project put into effect in Penalva de Alva during 2016. The project, which had the cooperation of current and former musicians of Tuna Penalvense, as well as other individuals from the locality, involved a phase of documental research and fieldwork, the gathering, transcription and arrangement of musical works, the accomplishment of several rehearsals and the presentation of a concert to the local community. This document contextualizes and describes this process

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Dool, Leon van den. "Local learning : the role of African local public organisations in development projects /." Delft : Eburon, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy044/2004365468.html.

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Bezuidenhout, Lydia. "Evaluating political accountability in water projects with the aim of determining the impact of political accountability on project sustainability." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2449.

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Thesis (MA (Political Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
The study investigated what the degree of political accountability is in water projects as practiced by project implementers. The evaluation was also aimed at determining the impact of political accountability on project sustainability. In order to evaluate the question, field research was conducted. Field research was of a quantitative nature, using a questionnaire. This involved (a) selecting two systems (project implementers, a municipality and a non-governmental organisation) where the systems’ political accountability within water projects could be compared, and (b) interviewing community respondents from a set questionnaire in four villages. The main findings are that (i) the level of political accountability in water projects depends on the system implementing a water project, (ii) three elements of political accountability (responsibility, information, and inclusion) differ significantly between the two systems, and (iii) political accountability has a significant impact on project sustainability. It is recommended that project implementers take into consideration the identified three elements of political accountability in order to improve project sustainability.

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Enigk, Elsa, and Linn Gustafsson. "Framgångsrik kunskapsöverföring i och mellan projekt - En studie av projektledares kunskapsöverföring inom Locum AB." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170745.

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Edlund, Marcus, and Daniel Eriksson. "Potential for – and benefits from – local content in Swedish wind power projects." Thesis, KTH, Hållbarhet och industriell dynamik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-149328.

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The construction of wind power is strongly associated with negative local externalities in terms of noise, shadows, visual impact and effects on local environment. To compensate for these negative effects, wind developers seek to find methods to create more local value. The purpose of this study has thus been to identify and evaluate potential methods to increase the local value creation from onshore wind power projects, mainly in the Swedish context. Firstly, from the literature review and interviews, four different approaches to create local value has been identified. The four identified methods to create local value are (1) community funds, (2) local ownership, (3) modernization and (4) local content. Of these identified methods, local content is deemed to have most potential in creating local value. The use of local content has generally been strong in the UK, why this study comprises a field study that reveal that British wind developers manage to appoint up to 20-30 % of the total capital expenditure to local companies. Compared to Sweden, the same number is as little asone percent. The explanation to this significant difference could be explained by “three I:s”,, namely, (1) Identification of local companies, (2) Information of opportunities and requirements and (3) Incentive creation for the main contractors. For Swedish developers to overcome the problems associated with the three I:s, the study presents seven activities that are possible to implement directly into the development process of wind power. Together these activities create a comprehensive way of enhancing the possibility for local companies to be involved in the construction phase, and by doing so, increasing the local value creation.

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Maargab, Rafik. "Revendications citoyennes et réalité de la gouvernance urbaine locale : les acteurs associatifs locaux à l'épreuve du projet de requalification urbaine de la rue de la République à Marseille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1078.

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Cette recherche traite du sujet de la gouvernance urbaine locale au delà de son aspect conceptuel ou analytique. Il est question d'appréhender la gouvernance urbaine locale à travers : le projet urbain, les moyens et mécanismes de la gestion de la chose publique aussi bien législatifs que techniques, ainsi qu'à travers les pratiques des acteurs publics et l'ensemble des parties prenantes dont les acteurs de la société civile locale. En s'appuyant sur l'exemple du projet de la requalification urbaine de la rue de la République à Marseille, l'étude s'intéresse également à montrer la capacité et l'apport des associations de quartier dans la défense des intérêts des citoyens et la promotion de la démocratie participative locale. Par ailleurs, la recherche aborde la question de l'impact des mutations scocio-économiques, dues au croisement des politiques publiques, et l'intervention des acteurs économiques aussi bien sur l'espace micro-local, en l'occurrence la rue, que sur le milieu urbain et les citoyens. C'est tout l'intérêt de cette recherche de montrer l'impact des logiques économiques et politiques sur la gestion du projet urbain et la place qu'occupent les citoyens et les acteurs associatifs dans le processus décisionnel
This research deals with the subject of local urban governance beyond its conceptual or analytical aspect. It is question to understanding the local urban governance through: the urban project, the means and mechanisms for the management of the public affairs as well as techniques and practices of public and all stakeholders, including local civil society actors. Based on the example of urban regeneration project in the street of the République in Marseille, the study also showed the ability and the contribution of neighbourhood associations in the interests of citizens and promotion of local participatory democracy. Furthermore, the research addresses the question of the impact of mutations scocio-economic due to the crossing of public policy and the intervention of economic actors on the micro-local space, namely the street, and on the urban citizens. It's the whole interest of this research to show the impact of economic and political logics on the urban project and to show the place of citizens and civil society actors in decision making

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Kadir, Karim. "La transformation de l'espace urbain au prisme de la notion de durabilité." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30102/document.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'analyser la mise en oeuvre de la notion de développement durable dans l'espace urbain et la pertinence de son application en urbanisme. À partir d'une observation comparée qui prend pour cadre empirique deux terrains, Nîmes (France), et Sherbrooke (Québec, Canada), cette recherche étudie la problématique de l'appropriation de la notion de développement urbain durable dans les représentations des acteurs locaux, son intégration dans la planification territoriale, et son éventuelle traduction en projets urbains « durables ». En effet, si le cadre des réglementations nationales mises en place au cours des dernières années, tout comme les volontés et les orientations exprimées au niveau des organismes internationaux, font de la notion de développement durable un véritable outil d'aménagement du territoire, son appropriation et sa traduction concrète en projets opérationnels au niveau local peinent à être visibles.Cette recherche montre, que l'utilisation par les acteurs locaux de cette notion répond à l'injonction des protocoles internationaux, de la loi et de la réglementation en vigueur. Ce qui implique un ensemble de procédures, d'ingénierie, de moyens et de savoir-faire à s'approprier à l'échelle locale. Elle démontre que ces stratégies conçues au niveau des échelles supra locales, sont souvent incompatibles avec les réalités locales. Cela interroge la capacité de la notion de développement durable à atteindre les objectifs attendus, et met en cause sa pertinence comme notion majeure dans le développement territorial
The objective of this thesis is to analyze the implementation of the notion of sustainable development in urban areas and the relevance of its application in urban planning. On the basis of a comparative observation of two case studies, Nimes (France) and Sherbrook (Quebec, Canada), the research analyses how the local actors appropriate the concept of sustainable development, its integration in the process of urban planning, and its translation in sustainable urban project. Even if the national and international guidelines and regulations developed in recent years, purse the integration of the notion of sustainable development into urban planning, its appropriation and translation into concrete operational projects at the local level is still limited.This research shows that the adoption of the concept of sustainable development by local actors is largely provoked by the injunction of the international protocols, national laws and regulations. This process implies the local adoption of a new set of procedures, engineering, resources and expertise. Yet the strategies that are developed at national level are often incompatible with the local realities. Therefore, the thesis questions the ability of the concept of sustainable development to achieve the expected goals and its relevance as a major concept in urban development

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Stuart, John R. "High Definition (HD) Local Channel Project." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2010. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/441.

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Rita, Merciana Augusta Palma. "Cartografia educacional do concelho de Viana do Alentejo." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/24364.

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A presente dissertação teve, como questão de partida: Que possibilidades existem para o Concelho de Viana do Alentejo, construir um Projeto Educativo Local (PEL)? A abordagem teórica, consistiu numa revisão de literatura, para dar resposta aos objetivos: a) reconhecer e caraterizar todas as instituições com potencial educativo; b) identificar os seus destinatários e contextos de aprendizagem disponibilizados; c) avaliar as suas lacunas e potencialidades educativas; d) avaliar a disponibilidade para o estabelecimento de parcerias; e) contribuir para a candidatura a Território Educador. Ao nível do estudo empírico, optámos por uma metodologia mista (quantitativa/qualitativa), com recurso ao inquérito por questionário. Após os dados recolhidos, chegámos às conclusões que: a) estas instituições são um recurso importante para a construção do PEL; b) estão disponíveis para o estabelecimento de parcerias; c) estão reunidas as condições para a revisão da Carta Educativa do concelho. Por último, expressámos as recomendações e sugestões para futuras investigações; Abstract: Educational Cartography of the Municipality of Viana do Alentejo This dissertation was, as question: Which possibilities exist for the municipality of Viana do Alentejo, build a Local Educational Project (PEL)? The theoretical approach, consisted of a literature review to address objectives: a) recognize and feature all institutions with educational potential; b) identify their recipients and learning contexts made available; c) assess their gaps and educational potential; d) assess the availability for the establishment of partnerships; d) contribute to the Territory's candidacy Educator. In terms of empirical study, we have opted for a mixed methodology (quantitative/qualitative), using the survey. After the data collected, we have come to the conclusions that: a) these institutions are an important resource for the construction of the PEL; b) are available for the establishment of partnerships; c) the conditions for the review of the Educational Charter of the County. Finally, we made recommendations and suggestions for future research.

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Barrenho, Cristina de Jesus. "Escola e comunidade: missão ou miragem no combate ao insucesso e abandono escolares, no período 1997/2007, no Concelho do Alandroal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14613.

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Este estudo procurou conhecer a realidade do insucesso/abandono escolares no Concelho de Alandroal, no período de 1997-2007, identificando as causas das duas problemáticas e as medidas educativas de resolução, a partir de uma amostra de 41 sujeitos. Pretendemos identificar e caracterizar os episódios de insucesso e abandono escolares protagonizados por um grupo de alunos que iniciaram o seu percurso escolar em 1996/1997, no Concelho de Alandroal. No corpus teórico deste estudo, procedemos à revisão da literatura e à análise de normativos legais que abordam e regulamentam esta temática, de maneira a olhar para ela, de forma reflexiva. Ao nível do corpus empírico, utilizámos uma metodologia quantitativa/qualitativa, no sentido de obtermos o melhor conhecimento e interpretação desta realidade. Os resultados permitem concluir que existe uma relação entre as causas individuais, familiares, escolares e do meio envolvente que levaram ao insucesso e abandono escolares. Sublinhou-se a importância da implementação de medidas educativas adequadas e a sua relação com as instituições do concelho de Alandroal que levaram parte dos sujeitos a concluir o ensino obrigatório com sucesso; ABSTRACT: This study aimed to know the reality of failure / dropping out of school in the Municipality of Alandroal in the period 1997-2007, identifying the causes of both problems and educational measures of resolution, from a sample of 41 subjects. We intend to identify and characterize the episodes of school failure and dropping out staged by a group of students who started their schooling in 1996/1997, Municipality of Alandroal. In the theoretical corpus of this study, we carried out the literature review and analysis of legal norms that regulate and address this issue in order to look at her reflectively. In terms of empirical corpus, we used a method quantitative / qualitative, in order to obtain a better understanding and interpretation of reality. The results indicate that there is a relationship between the causes of individual, family, school and environment that led to failure and early school leaving. It underlined the importance of implementing appropriate educational measures and their relationship with the institutions of the county of Alandroal that led the subjects to complete the compulsory education successfully.

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Boqwana, Nyameka Patience. "Local economic development projects in the Amathole District Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020165.

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The global economy has been reeling from the continued effects of the economic crisis since 2007. A range of approaches to economic recovery have been followed, ranging from financial bailout during the 2007/08 financial crisis, to austerity measures in the most recent 2011/12 sovereign debt crisis, but each with limited success. South Africa has similarly experienced significant shockwaves from the meltdown. The South African economy officially entered into recession in the second quarter of 2009. The economy was quick to emerge from economic recession by the first quarter of 2010, but has been on a bumpy path of recovery since. Moreover, economic recovery has been thwarted by the ensuing sovereign debt crisis in the Euro. South Africa is characterised by inequitable growth and development, a high incidence of poverty, a relatively underdeveloped economic base, low levels of skills development and low levels of access to basic services and infrastructure. LED has had a difficult birth in South Africa with regards to accomplishing its objectives of job creation and poverty alleviation. In an attempt to address these problems, the Amathole District Municipality has implemented a number of local economic development projects within the area aimed at improving the wellbeing of communities through the creation of job opportunities and sustainable livelihoods. The study is intended to assist the municipality to identify and address challenges that affect the successful implementation of LED projects. The following research aims to identify and assess the impacts that these projects have had on beneficiaries and the district as a whole. Furthermore the research aims to identify project successes as well as highlight shortcomings in order to enhance the economic impact of these projects in the future.

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St, Martin Jude-Mary. "Culture et Politiques publiques de développement local en Haïti : incidences économiques transformatrices des initiatives." Thesis, Antilles, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANTI0289/document.

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Cette étude a comme objectif principal de comprendre les incidences culturelles ou économiques transformatrices des politiques publiques de développement local enclenchées à travers trois programmes de développement local d’envergure nationale dans les différentes zones de mode de vie en Haïti depuis 2006. En vue d’atteindre cet objectif, après une révision de la littérature théorique et empirique, une enquête de terrain auprès d’un échantillon systématique de trois-cent quatre-vingt-quatre chefs de ménages exerçant tout au moins leur propre activité de production ou de service a été réalisée. L’outil qui a été privilégié pour la collecte des données sur le terrain est le questionnaire-interview. De l’analyse des données de l’enquête de terrain, par l’intermédiaire de tableaux de fréquence et de Tests de McNemar, il en ressort que l’appartenance des bénéficiaires aux initiatives de développement issues de l’aide-projet permet respectivement de renforcer leur niveau d’attachement aux croyances et pratiques scientifiques à 19.53%, leur vision rationnelle du temps et de l’espace à 4.69%, leur conception positive de la compétition économique à 23.96%, leur perception positive de la réussite économique à 12.76%, leur opinion favorable à l’investissement et à l’épargne à 13.54%, leur détachement au fatalisme et au conformisme à 23.70% et leur opinion favorable au risque à 24.22%. Et, suivant les Tests de McNemar effectués, ces différentes contributions ont été statistiquement significatives au plus au seuil de 5%. Donc, l’appartenance à un projet productif peut être un bon vecteur de renforcement des traits culturels conditionnels de développement dans les différentes localités haïtiennes. Ce constat dans une certaine mesure donne raison à Lacoste (1965), Zaoual (2005), Charmillot (2008) qui voient en l’implantation de tout projet de développement dans les pays en développement une condition d’affaiblissement voir de destruction de la culture traditionnelle au profit de celle du développement.Par ailleurs, ces projets n’apportent pas de contribution significative au renforcement d’un esprit favorable au collectivisme et aux rapports intra-territorialisés chez les bénéficiaires comme l’avait présupposé l’hypothèse de recherche initiale. Ce résultat confirme en partie les thèses de Barthelemy (1987), Casimir (2001), Dorvilier (2007) et Sainsiné (2007) affirmant la dominance de l’esprit collectiviste chez les habitants du milieu rural haïtien. Il met tout aussi en question leur conception de la nature quasi exclusive des rapports intra-territorialisés des exploitants du milieu rural haïtien.A l’aide du modèle de régression logistique binaire, il y a lieu de constater que les seuls facteurs expressifs des projets de développement expliquant significativement le renforcement de certaines modalités de la variable expliquée sont d’abord ceux caractéristiques du niveau d’exposition des bénéficiaires aux volets techniques et instructifs des projets à savoir la formation technique reçue et la quantité restreinte de moins trois rencontres d’affaires mensuellement entretenues et ensuite ceux de nature financière à savoir le plus haut montant reçu ou emprunté par les bénéficiaires de la part des projets (10 000- 20 000 HTG) et le plus haut niveau de profit réalisé par eux à partir des projets (10 000-20 000 HTG)
The main objective of this study is to understand the transformative cultural or economic impacts of public policies of local development initiated though three national development programs of national importance in different zone of lifestyle in Haiti since 2006.Order to reach this objective, a field survey of a systematic sample of three hundred and eighty-four head of households at least performing their own production or service activity was carried out. Following a review of the theoretical and empirical literature, the tool that has been favored for collecting data in the field is the questionnaire-interviews.From the analysis of the field survey data, by using frequency tables and McNemar Tests, it appears that the fact that the beneficiaries belong to the development initiatives resulting from the project aid makes it possible respectively to strengthen their level of attachment to scientific beliefs and practices to 19.53%, their rational vision of time and space to 4.69%, their positive conception of economic competition to 23.96%, their positive perception of economic success at 12.76% , their favorable opinion on investment and savings at 13.54%, their detachment to fatalism and conformism at 23.70% and their favorable opinion of risk at 24.22%. And, according to McNemar's Tests performed, these different contributions were statistically significant at most at the 5% threshold. Therefore, belonging to a productive project can be a good vector for reinforcing the cultural conditionalities of development in the different Haitian localities.This observation to a certain extent gives reason to Lacoste (1965), Zaoual (2005), Charmillot (2008) who see in the implementation of any development project in developing countries a condition of weakening or even destruction of culture. for the benefit of development.In addition, these projects do not make a significant contribution to strengthening a spirit of collectivism and intra-territorial relations among beneficiaries, as the initial research hypothesis had assumed.This result confirms in part the theses of Barthelemy (1987), Casimir (2001), Dorvilier (2007) and Sainsiné (2007) affirming the dominance of the collectivist spirit among the inhabitants of rural Haiti. It also puts into question their conception of the almost exclusive nature of the intra-territorial relations of farmers in rural Haiti.Using the binary logistic regression model, it should be noted that the only expressive factors of development projects that significantly explain the strengthening of certain modalities of the explained variable are, first of all, those characteristic of the level of exposure of the beneficiaries. the technical and instructive aspects of the projects, namely the technical training received and the limited quantity of at least three-monthly business meetings, and then those of a financial nature, i.e. the highest amount received or borrowed by the beneficiaries from the projects (10 000- 20 000 HTG) and the highest level of profit realized by them from the projects (10 000-20 000 HTG).These results validate the thesis of Berthelemy (2006), Dorvilier (2007, 2011) and Logossah (2007), stipulating that the educational factor is a good vector capable of minimizing the impact of certain negro-African cultural traits that seem incompatible. to the logic of progress and economic growth. In this work, technical training in the same line of thought of the authors raised seems to facilitate a strengthening of the degree of attachment to scientific values and practices, of the rational vision of time and space, of the attitude favorable to the savings and investment, the spirit favorable to the decline of collectivism among the beneficiaries of the projects

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Faria, Ivan. "Projetos de vida e juventude: um diálogo entre a escola, o trabalho e o "mundo": (uma experiência de etnopesquisa no Vale do Iguape)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11055.

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O presente trabalho discute a construção de projetos de vida entre jovens das comunidades quilombolas do distrito rural de Santiago do Iguape, município de Cachoeira, Bahia. A dissertação se inicia com uma contextualização do objeto de estudo, dividida em três eixos. No primeiro, são discutidas as implicações do pesquisador a partir da experiência do Projeto Paraguaçu, atividade de extensão que deu origem à pesquisa. No segundo, Santiago do Iguape é tomada como locus para pensar o mundo contemporâneo focalizando temas como história, trabalho, comunidade, relação local-global e diluição de fronteiras entre o rural e o urbano. No último, as escolas dos povoados do Caonge e do Engenho da Ponte servem de mote para tratar de questões como currículo, cotidiano, educação do campo e relação escola-trabalho. Depois a pesquisa apresenta os conceitos de projeto e de juventude, para discutir como os jovens quilombolas constroem seus projetos de vida, tensionando as relações entre trabalho, educação e comunidade. A opção metodológica é a etnopesquisa crítica, contemplando uma etapa retrospectiva de investigação das proposições do Projeto Paraguaçu e outra de caráter prospectivo para adentrar os universos do trabalho e da educação. Durante a pesquisa foi identificado que a juventude local vivencia um aumento da tensão entre permanecer ou migrar das comunidades quilombolas, devido a questões ligadas às esferas do trabalho (redução na produtividade da pesca, dificuldades com a produção e o escoamento de produtos agrícolas e ausência de empregos para jovens que concluem o Ensino Médio); da educação (as escolas têm dificuldade de veicular saberes e valores que contribuam para a fixação do jovem no campo, além de não garantirem uma formação adequada para quem deseja partir para a cidade) e da afluência de valores ?urbanos? para o campo.
Salvador

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Eriksson-Trenter, Anna. "Anspråak och argumentation : en studie av använding och uttolkning av lag vid naturresurskonflikter i nordvästra Hälsingland, ca 1830-1870 /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410504311.

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Déprez, Paul. "Collectivités territoriales et Développement Durable : contribution des technologies de l'information, et de la communication, à la dimension participative d'une politique publique : Lecture d'un projet cyberdémocratique issu d'une démarche d'Intelligence Territoriale." Thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0006/document.

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L’entrée tardive du développement durable en France apporte son lot d’expériences basées sur un cadre législatif en constante évolution et la volonté politique d’orienter les territoires en fonction de leurs problèmes et potentialités. « Penser global, agir local » fait désormais figure de principe pour définir l’action des territoires insérés dans des logiques mondiales mais dont les ressources peuvent être exploitées par la reconnaissance de compétences attribuées aux acteurs locaux. Dès lors, une culture de la participation émerge progressivement au travers de procédures nouvelles vouées à se faire rejoindre l’ensemble des acteurs territoriaux autour de règles communes pour la construction du territoire et en faveur de la connaissance des dynamiques territoriales. Cependant, les multiples injonctions à la participation de la société civile supposent de faire évoluer le territoire dans sa culture, ce que nous proposons par une démarche d’intelligence territoriale. Ce paradigme de recherche suppose donc qu’en préalable à l’établissement d’un processus de communication, issu d’une médiation sociale (Ateliers 21, Conseils de quartier, CIQ, etc.) ou socio-technique (journal municipal, forum électronique, Chat, etc.), le territoire doit constituer son « capital formel » (Bertacchini, 2004) pour permettre aux acteurs locaux d’accepter des règles et procédures communes, d’échanger leurs compétences, de se mobiliser et se rejoindre autour du projet territorial. Or, la constitution du capital formel territorial suppose non seulement que la collectivité échange de l’information sur les dynamiques territoriales à l’oeuvre mais également qu’elle apporte une plus-value à cette information échangée, notamment par l’exploitation de l’ensemble des « ressources communicationnelles des TIC » (Habib & Baltz, 2008). Il s’agit par-là de fournir des connaissances, des outils nécessaires afin que le citoyen se forge une opinion éclairée et mettre l’accent sur l’apprentissage collectif (Manin in Sintomer et Talpin, 2011 ; Urfalino, 2005) de la logique du développement durable (Angot, 2013).Notre objet de recherche s’intéresse aux collectivités territoriales de la région Provence-Alpes-Côte-D’azur engagées dans un projet de développement territorial durable du type Agenda 21, Plan Climat Energie Territorial et label Action Globale Innovante pour la Région (AGIR). Ce choix nous permet d’approcher le développement durable sous l’angle de la participation des acteurs au travers de démarches participatives spécifiques (de l’information à la concertation), au regard du paradigme de l’intelligence territoriale et de notre domaine de recherche : les sciences de l’information et de la communication. Nous aborderons la question des usages numériques au sein des collectivités territoriales, la production de connaissances formulées dans des contenus et supports numériques, diffusées et échangées au sein des différentes arènes de la société civile
Due to the late entry of sustainable development spirit and practices in France, territories, according to their problems and potential, have to face evolving legislative framework and political will for their experiments based on. "Think global, act local" principle seems leading and guiding the action of territories inserted in a global logic which can be exploited by the recognition of skills allocated to local actors. Consequently, a participative culture is gradually emerging through new procedures aiming to be joined all territorial actors in connection with common rules for shaping territory and for the knowledge of local dynamics. What we suggest within a process of territorial intelligence, beyond repetitive call for the participation of civil society, is changing territorial culture. This paradigm of research pre supposes that, prior to the establishment of a communication process as result from a social mediation (A21 neighborhood councils, CIQ, etc..) or socio- technical (municipal newspaper, electronic forum Chat, etc..), the territory should build its "formal capital" (Bertacchini, 2004) enabling local actors to accept common rules and procedures, sharing their skills, mobilize with each other and join all through the territorial project. However, setting up the territorial formal capital constitution requires that local authorities exchanges information on territorial dynamics in action, in addition with a credit value to the exchanged information, including operation of the total amount of "communicative ICT resources" available (Habib & Baltz, 2008). We focus providing knowledge and tools enabling citizens to build their own enlighten opinion and focus on collective learning ( Manin in Sintomer and Talpin, 2011; Urfalino 2005) about logical sustainable Development (Angot, 2013). Our object of research is concerned with territorial authorities of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Region involved in a project for sustainable spatial development of the Agenda 21 type (A21), Territorial Energy and Climate Plan Action label (PCET), Global Innovative for the Region (AGIR).This choice allows us to approach sustainable development from the perspective of stakeholder participation through specific participatory approaches (information to consultation), under the paradigm of territorial intelligence and our field research: information and communication sciences. We will furthermore discuss the issue of digital uses within local authorities’ organization, production of knowledge contained in digital content and media, and exchanged in different arenas of civil society

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46

Whitehead, Anita. "Privatization of Southern California local detention facilities." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2084.

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47

Ruis, Jorge Antonio Gutier. "Mairiporã: o impacto do crescimento da cidade na sustentabilidade hídrica local." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2016. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/3068.

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The concept of Sustainability as the ability to meet current needs, to ensure the ability of future generations to do the same, is present in the relations of economic and natural capital. Sustainable development must be based on the balance of social, economic and environmental aspects that feed this economy. The Cantareira system involves two hydrographic basins, and is responsible for the supply of 9 million people in São Paulo metropolitan area (SPMA). The city of Mairiporã is located at the intersection between the two basins, and 80% of its territory is in watershed protection area. Knowing the process of urbanization and urban growth, as well as its socio-economic dynamics and its environmental profile, is the starting point to carry out sustainable indexes reports. To monitor the environmental resources, balancing them with the city development, is crucial to the survival of local ecosystems and to the life quality of the inhabitants. The indicators show the state of the environment, as well as the pressures that generate effects on this state, the impact affecting the life quality and the attempt to reverse the harmful framework. However, the evaluation process is relevant only when it generates action of company’s shares and public managers. It cannot be considered an end in itself, since it has no use unless it provokes effective actions. This research shows, therefore, the result of the relationship between population growth and local impact. Thanks to the created infographic, it is possible identify the most important points which put the city in a general index of intermediate water sustainability, and that should be the priorities of public and social actions.
O conceito de Sustentabilidade como capacidade de suprir as necessidades atuais, garantindo a capacidade das futuras gerações fazerem o mesmo, é presente nas relações de capital econômico e natural. O desenvolvimento sustentável deve ser galgado no equilíbrio do tripé social, econômico e ambiental que alimenta essa economia. O Sistema Cantareira envolve duas Bacias hidrográficas e responde pelo abastecimento de 9 milhões de pessoas na RMSP. O município de Mairiporã se situa na intersecção entre as duas bacias do sistema, e 80% de seu território está em área de proteção de manancial. Conhecer o processo de urbanização e crescimento da cidade, assim como sua dinâmica socioeconômica e seu perfil ambiental, é o ponto de partida para se efetivar um relatório de indicadores sustentáveis. Monitorar os recursos ambientais da cidade, equilibrando-os com o desenvolvimento, é crucial para a sobrevivência dos ecossistemas locais e para a qualidade de vida dos habitantes. Os indicadores mostram o estado do ambiente, as pressões que geram efeitos sobre esse estado, o impacto que afeta a qualidade de vida e a tentativa de reverter o quadro danoso através das respostas. Contudo, o processo de avaliação só terá relevância se gerar ações da sociedade e dos gestores públicos, não podendo ser considerado um fim em si mesmo, já que de nada servirá sem a efetividade das ações. Esta pesquisa mostra o resultado da relação entre o crescimento populacional e o impacto local. Através dos infográficos criados, é possível identificar os pontos mais importantes, que colocam a cidade em um índice geral intermediário de sustentabilidade hídrica e que devem ser as prioridades de ações públicas e sociais.

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48

Santos, Ana Paula Silva dos. "As repercussões sociais do desenvolvimento local : um estudo a partir do Projeto Vida Sustentável no município de Santana do Mundaú/Alagoas." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2006. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1129.

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This work objectifies to understand in that measured experiences of development place are capable to alter the conditions economic-social of located communities in outlying areas of the Northeast. The study is centered in the actions of the Project Maintainable Rural Life (PVRS), implemented in Alagoas in the year in 2002, being taken in consideration the context socioeconomics, the organization of the production, the commercialization and the level of the family farmers' social organization benefitted by the project. The locus of that investigation is the Santana Mundaú city in Alagoas. Starting from the analysis on the thematic of local development, we tried to identify the context in that that model emerges, sells the limits among what it presupposes the theory and the social repercussions in the practice. In this sense, we verified that there is an abyss between the expected social capital and human capital and it correspond them capitals observed in the studied communities. Another subject is that the institutional interests don't correspond to the population beneficiary's needs. At the level of the speech the proposals of local development, are distant of answering to the proposed objectives that is of combatting the poverty and the social inequality and of income.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo, compreender em que medida experiências de desenvolvimento local, são capazes de alterar as condições socioeconômicas de comunidades situadas em regiões periféricas do Nordeste. O estudo está centrado nas ações do Projeto Vida Rural Sustentável (PVRS), implementado em Alagoas, no ano de 2002, levando-se em consideração o contexto socioeconômico, a organização da produção, a comercialização e o nível de organização social dos agricultores familiares beneficiados pelo projeto. O locus dessa investigação, é o município de Santana do Mundaú/Alagoas. A partir da análise sobre a temática de desenvolvimento local, procuramos identificar o contexto em que emerge esse modelo, vendo os limites entre o que pressupõe a teoria e as repercussões sociais na prática. Neste sentido, constatamos que há um abismo entre os esperados capital social e capital humano, e os correspondes capitais observados nas comunidades estudadas. Uma outra questão, é que os interesses institucionais, não correspondem às necessidades da população beneficiada. Em nível de discurso, as propostas de desenvolvimento local, estão distantes de responder aos objetivos propostos: que é de combater a pobreza, a desigualdade social e de renda.

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Mashangwane, Maruping Ephraim. "The challenges faced by managers in managing community projects in Modimolle local Municipality of Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1426.

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Thesis (M.DEV.) --University of Limpopo, 2013
Recent changes in Modimolle Local Municipality have placed new external pressures and challenges on project managers change their ways of managing community projects in their sphere of operation. The above challenges had necessitated the researcher to investigate the challenges faced by managers in managing community projects in Modimolle Local Municipality of Limpopo Province. The management of community projects in Modimolle Local Municipality is fraught with challenges such as financial resources, lack of focus on economic development, improvement of livelihood, community participation, sustainability, delegation and also not adhering to Public Financial Management Act and Municipal Financial Management Act. To understand the total context of the challenges faced by managers in managing community projects, an in-depth study of this problem was done by means of relevant literature review, empirical study and variety of other suitable research techniques. Data was collected by means of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, from project managers who had an experience of community work in the area of the study. The studies have revealed that the management of community projects is not determined by one factor. It emerged that there are various factors that prohibit managers to manage community projects in their sphere of operation, hence the recommendations for improvement stated in chapter five.

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Resende, Nelio Antonio Teodoro de. "Rede local sem fio : considerações sobre o projeto de uma plataforma de acesso." [s.n.], 1995. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259286.

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Orientadores: João Marcos Travassos Romano, Michel Daoud Yacoub
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica
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Resumo: Este trabalho aborda a implementação de uma plataforma de acesso para rede sem local sem fio. Os conceitos envolvidos, bem como os parâmetros importantes a uma rede local sem fio são apresentados e discutidos. Protocolos de acesso ao meio físico para este tipo de rede são analisados e, por fim, o protocolo proposto é apresentado detalhadamente. A partir das: necessidades decorrentes da implementação deste protocolo, uma plataforma hardware é estabelecida e seus blocos funcionais, relacionados a rede sem fio, são analisados. Descreve-se a implementação do encriptador, do compressor de dados e também das interfaces com o Sistema de Processamento de Dados (interface PCMCIA) e com o Rádio. Assim, integrados, estes blocos funcionais constituem uma plataforma de acesso para redes sem fio
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

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