Дисертації з теми "Projet STEP"
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Abdelwahed, Yosra. "Essai de modélisation de l’entrepreneuriat transgénérationnel dans les entreprises familiales : cas de la Tunisie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA080003.
Different theories have been applied at the interface of entrepreneurship and family business research to explore the entrepreneurial behaviors of families. The STEP project, in particular, has related entrepreneurship and family business research to investigate and realize the determinants of successful transfers of entrepreneurial spirit across generations. Within this perspective, Transgenerational entrepreneurship refers to sustained family-based entrepreneurship that generates a systematic stream of family-influenced social and economic wealth across many generations. The aim of this research is to have a better comprehension of continuous entrepreneurship in family firms in Tunisia. We followed a mixed methodology : qualitative and quantitative through the data collection from family firms. The results of our work has led to important understandings about interactions of the family and family firm, new insights into survival and demise of firms.Accordingly, we go forward entrepreneurship theory and practice by assessing the fundamentals of business model construction within the family business context, thus expediting stronger theoretical perspectives of transgenerational entrepreneurship
Eygelaar, Anton Burger. "Resource constrained step scheduling of project tasks." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4494.
Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering at the University of Stellenbosch.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The logical scheduling of activities in an engineering project currently relies heavily on the experience and intuition of the persons responsible for the schedule. In large projects the complexity of the schedule far exceeds the capacity of human intuition, and systematic techniques are required to compute a consistent sequence of activities. In this study a simple model of the engineering process is described. Based on certain specified relationships between components of the model, a consistent sequence of activities is determined in the form of a logical step schedule. The problem of resource constraints receives special attention. Engineering projects are often executed with limited resources and determining the impact of such restrictions on the logical step schedule is important. This study investigates activityshifting strategies to find a near-optimal sequence of activities that guarantees consistent evolution of deliverables while resolving resource conflicts within the context of logical step schedules.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die logiese skedulering van aktiwiteite in ‘n ingenieursprojek steun swaar op die ondervinding en intuisie van die persone wat verantwoordelik is vir die skedule. In groot projekte is die kompleksiteit van die skedule veel hoër as die kapasiteit van die menslike intuisie, en sistematiese tegnieke word benodig om ‘n konsekwente volgorde van aktiwiteite te bereken. In hierdie studie word ‘n eenvoudige model van die ingenieursproses beskryf. Gebasseer op sommige relasies tussen komponente van die model, kan ‘n konsekwente volgorde van aktiwiteite bepaal word in die vorm van ‘n logiese stap-skedule. Die probleem van beperkte hulpbronne ontvang spesiale aandag. Ingenieursprojekte word dikwels uitgevoer met beperkte hulpbronne en dit is belangrik om die impak daarvan op die logiese stap-skedule te bepaal. Die studie ondersoek die gebruik van aktiwiteit-skuiwende strategieë om ‘n nabyoptimale volgorde van aktiwiteite te vind wat konsekwente ontwikkeling van die projekprodukte waarborg, terwyl hulpbron konflikte opgelos word binne die konteks van ‘n logiese stap-skedule.
Nagle, Colleen M. "Five-step writing process: A project for grades two through six." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/379.
Molina, Rey de Castro Fernando. "Direct agreements and their role in project finance." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123857.
Los contratos directos desempeñan un rol esencial en la viabilidad de la financiación de proyectos. Su adecuada regulación determinará el curso de los proyectos, la prevención y el manejo de posibles consecuencias. Por ello, es importante conocer esta figura jurídica que ha sido poco estudiada en la doctrina. En el presente artículo, el autor desarrolla el tratamiento legal de esta figura jurídica, su definición, sus principales términos y su regulación en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano.
Juřík, Vlastimil. "Implementace leasingového řešení do ERP Microsoft Dynamics Navision." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201659.
Van, Brunt Jim. "Vegetative habitat analysis of proposed mine sites in the Mojave Desert: The first step towards revegetation of disturbed desert communities." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/663.
Pacheco, Nazareno de Oliveira. "Projeto e implementação de um controlador numérico computadorizado aberto baseado em STEP-NC." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2009. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1896.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
No trabalho desenvolvido foi utilizada a Norma ISO 14649 (STEP-NC) que é o novo pa¬rão para interface de dados de manufatura entre os sistemas CAM/CNC. Atualmente a oca dessas informações é feita usando a linguagem da Norma 1S06983, conhecida como ódigo-G/M. Isto significa que partes das informações geradas no ciclo de Desenvolvimento, notadamente a geometria do produto e dados de ferramentas, são perdidas ao se gerar o programa em codigo G/M Para a prova de conceito da funcionalidade desse novo padrão no controle e acionamento direto de maqumas ferramenta CNC foram projetados construidos software, hardware e uma estrutura mecânica simples de uma fresadora/¬:radeira CNC. A arquitetura de software e hardware é aberta e aderente à STEP-NC. sistema desenvolvido faz uso de arquivos ISO14649 para programação da maquina sem o de linguagens legadas Isto permitiu a validação do uso da norma no acionamento de quinas CNC, provando a flexibilidade e eficacia para a troca de informações e controle maquinas-ferramenta.
Tawney, Daisy Marie. "An integrated approach to writing: Using writer's workshop, Step up to writing and six traits of writing to teach the California State Standards." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3213.
Lange, Alissa A. "Effects of a Preschool STEM Professional Learning Project for Teachers." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5838.
Adamec, Jiří. "Řízení rizik stavebních investičních projektů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225636.
Gutierrez, Carina. "Project Increasing Interest in STEM for Underrepresented Females Using Historical Vignettes." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10784130.
Women are underrepresented in the STEM workforce. Trends are starting to change as more and more women are starting to choose majors that are related to STEM. However, the numbers decline sharply in engineering, physical sciences and computer sciences. This project was created as a resource to be used in schools to encourage the increase of women studying, and eventually working, in STEM fields. Research has shown that many women who choose STEM majors and careers were heavily influenced by informal STEM enrichment opportunities outside of the school day and female role models in STEM. This project is an NGSS aligned lesson that incorporates a historical vignette highlighting the work of a female scientist. The vignette can be used in a lesson or as a pull out in a different class or program.
Gautam, Daniel. "Search for Stop using Machine Learning : A Bachelors Project in Physics." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194876.
Tai, Chih-Che. "STEM and LIteraCy in Education through Project-Based Learning (SLICE- PBL)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3275.
Ubah, Ifeanyichukwu. "Development of a semantic data collection tool. : The Wikidata Project as a step towards the semantic web." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informations- och kommunikationssystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-22150.
Pozarski, Connolly Catherine J. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Project ReCharge| A STEM Based Energy Efficiency Curriculum." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10682929.
This research evaluates the effectiveness of Project ReCharge, an energy efficiency, STEM curriculum designed for middle and high school students. The project includes a five-unit curriculum, and monthly professional development spanning a year. The project was implemented in ten schools over three years. Four areas were explored in the study including (1) changes to student content knowledge, (2) changes to student attitudes towards STEM subjects and careers, (3) changes to teacher self-efficacy and beliefs, and (4) changes to teacher content knowledge. A content test for teachers and students, the STEM Semantics Survey, and STEBI-A were used to collect data on 4123 students and 47 teachers. Data were collected in a quasi-experimental design utilizing parametric and nonparametric techniques. Analyses suggest student content knowledge increased significantly from pretest to posttest for all years (Pretest: M = 11.38, SD = 4.97, Posttest: M = 16.67, SD = 5.83, t = 45.05, p < 0.001, d = 0.98). Increases to student attitudes in STEM varied by year and grade, but overall increases were found in science (N = 2362, z = –2.618, p = 0.030, η 2 = 0.002), and math attitudes (N = 2348, z = –2.280, p = 0.023, η2 = 0.002). High school students tended to show more increased attitudes in more subject areas than middle school students. No changes to teacher self-efficacy and beliefs were found, and increases to teacher content knowledge only occurred in the third year (N = 22, x2 = 5.158; p = 0.076, η2 = 0.319).
Long, Anthony W. "Heightening Interest in STEM through a Mentoring Project Between Undergraduate and Middle School Students." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1343751128.
Harvey, Ross. "A Case Study of Policy Transfer: Examining the National Rollout of Project STOP." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365809.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
Tai, Chih-Che. "STEM and Literacy in Education through Project-Based Learning: A NSF ITEST Proposal." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3299.
Fisher, Carla. "Staff Education Project Using the Stop Elderly Accidents Deaths and Injuries (STEADI) Toolkit." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6423.
Holm, Susanne. "Ett steg framåt : Om betydelsen av arbetslivsinriktade projekt för människor med utomnordisk bakgrund." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och socialpedagogik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-11020.
Fuller, Mary A. "Transfer of Learning in a K-8 STEM Academy Project Based Learning (PBL) Environment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011851/.
Clifford, Andrew C. "Civil Service executive agencies and the transformation of Civil Service employee relations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365736.
Thompson, Katherine. "Making Space in the Curriculum: Examining Purpose in a Middle School Makerspace." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109143.
Gaining popular recognition in the U.S. with the advent of the first White House Maker Faire in 2014, makerspaces have become an increasingly popular feature of the K-12 educational landscape. While makerspaces have been subject to critique related to the lack of inclusivity within the broader predominantly white and male ‘maker culture’, they have also been recognized for their potential to include and attract students that have been historically underrepresented in the STEM fields, specifically female, African-American and Latinx students (Halverson & Sheridan, 2014; Kafai et al., 2014; Vossoughi, et al., 2016). However, despite their popularity and the growing body of empirical evidence documenting their use in the K-12 context, there are many topics that warrant further exploration, from teachers’ experiences with making, to the processes involved in their long term success or failure, and issues related to leadership, professional development and teacher expertise (Haron & Hughes, 2018). Responding to the need for greater understanding of these issues, this exploratory case study examines the organizational and curricular role of an established middle school makerspace through observations, student surveys, and individual interviews with teachers and school leaders. Findings of this study revealed themes related to (a) discrepancies between participants’ aspirational ideals and the practical reality of their experiences; (b) the important role of flexibility and rigidity within the curriculum and school structures; and (c) the mutually influential relationships that exist between materials, identity, expertise and participation. Each of these themes held specific consequences for equity and inclusion. The findings of this study highlight the critical importance of attending to equity in the implementation of maker learning environments and the central role that school structures, materials and perceptions play in addressing historical inequities in making and STEAM. This study concludes with recommendations for researchers, teachers and school leaders that place equity at the center of plans for school-based making and directions for future research
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction
Soares, Sandro Neves. "Sistema gerenciador de documentação de projeto." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/24106.
The VLSI design complexity, due to the number of involved tools, the enormous generated data volume and the complex nature of the data, was the main cause of the appearance of the frameworks in the end of the 80's. Frameworks are platforms that support the development of design environments and, as their main purpose, liberate the VLSI designers from the supplementary tasks in the design process, as the data management. It makes possible to direct efforts exclusively to obtaining better results, in shorter time and with lower costs. To this purpose, many techniques have been used in the implementation of frameworks. One of these techniques is known as design steps documentation. The design steps documentation is a resource used to keep the design history (usually, executed tools and generated data). It has been widely used in various frameworks. But none of them take full advantage of this resource. Some of them use the design steps documentation only in the data management services. Others, use it only in the design management services. So, the proposal of this work is to create a system that takes full advantage of the design steps documentation, providing information and services to other sub-systems of the framework to complement their functionality, making them more powerful.
Jorgenson, Simon. "Green Pedagogy: How STEM Teachers Understand and Enact Environmental Projects." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1397467702.
Lopes, Ana Sofia de Pinho. "Implementação do projeto rastreio STOP (Simples Teste de Ovos Parasitários) em equídeos em Portugal Continental." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5491.
Os parasitas são reconhecidos como importante causa de doença em equídeos. Ainda hoje, existem graves lacunas no que diz respeito ao controlo das principais parasitoses, quer pelo desconhecimento por parte dos proprietários do fenómeno parasitário e da necessidade do seu controlo, quer pela necessidade de um papel mais ativo dos médicos veterinários no tratamento e controlo das parasitoses. Com base nesta situação, a Merial Saúde Animal, Grupo Sanofi em colaboração com o Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (CIISA/FMV/UTL), desenvolveram o projeto, “Rastreio STOP” (Simples Teste de Ovos Parasitários), que permitiu a realização desta dissertação de mestrado. O principal objetivo deste projeto foi estudar o parasitismo gastrintestinal dos equídeos pré-tratamento e avaliar a eficácia terapêutica decorrente da implementação de um programa de desparasitação de equídeos, com contagem de OPG e culturas fecais antes e pós tratamento. Assim, na aquisição de uma embalagem de medicamento contendo Ivermectina e/ou Ivermectina + Praziquantel, foi fornecido ao proprietário um Kit contendo dois sacos para colheita de fezes no dia 0 e dia 21 após desparasitação. As amostras foram enviadas ao Laboratório de Parasitologia e Doenças Parasitárias da FMV-UTL e submetidas a análise pelas técnicas de McMaster, Willis, Sedimentação e Coprocultura. Os resultados obtidos foram enviados posteriormente quer ao MV assistente, quer ao proprietário do(s) animal(ais). Os resultados apresentados referem-se à análise de amostras de um total de 85 animais. Pela técnica de McMaster observou-se que 32.9% das amostras eram positivas e que 67.1% negativas indicando que em Portugal Continental os animais são desparasitados sem avaliação prévia que indique a necessidade de desparasitação. Já nas coproculturas 39% eram positivas e 61% negativas. Tal como acontece nos restantes países do Mundo, observou-se um predomínio de Cyathostomum spp., cuja abundância nas amostras analisadas foi superior a 80% do total de larvas encontradas. As diferenças observadas no valor de OPG entre os animais estabulados e os animais ao ar livre, assim como no valor de OPG e o intervalo de tempo entre as desparasitações, foram consideradas estatisticamente significativas. Para determinar a eficácia terapêutica da Ivermectina e da associação da Ivermectina + Praziquantel, foi realizado o Teste de Redução de Contagem de Ovos Fecais (TRCOF), verificando-se 100% de eficácia destas substâncias ativas nos animais incluídos neste projeto, com exceção de um caso de eventual eficácia duvidosa (93,7%). De salientar, que em 13 animais só foi colhida a 1ªamostra e, portanto, para estes não foi possível avaliar a eficácia do anti-helmíntico utilizado. O Projeto STOP permitiu verificar que: a) a análise prévia dos animais antes da desparasitação deverá continuar a fazer parte integrante dos programas de controlo anti-parasitário; b) a ivermectina continua a ser um princípio ativo altamente eficaz; c) os programas de controlo e os princípios ativos utilizados nos mesmos devem ser monitorizados regularmente para confirmação da sua eficácia.
ABSTRACT - Implementation of the project Rastreio STOP (Simple Tests of Parasitic Eggs) in equids in Portugal mainland - Parasites are recognized as a major cause of disease in horses. Even today, there are serious gaps regarding the control of their major parasitic diseases, either by owners ignorance of the parasitic phenomenon and the need for itscontrol, or by the lack of a more active role by the veterinarian in the treatment and control of parasitic diseases. Based on this issue, Merial Animal Health, Sanofi Group and the Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Technical University of Lisbon (CIISA/FMV/UTL), developed the project "RASTREIO STOP" (Simple Test Of Parasitic Eggs), which allowed this master thesis. The main objective of this project was to study the gastrointestinal parasitism before treatment in horses and evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of a deworming program for horses, accompanied by pre and post EPG counts and faecal cultures. For this, the acquisition of a medicine package containing Ivermectin and / or Ivermectin + Praziquantel, the owner receives a kit containing bags for collection of feces on day 0 and day 21 of deworming. Later, they sent the samples to the Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases of the FMV-UTL, where parasitological techniques were performed, namely McMaster counts, Willis flotation test, Sedimentation test and fecal cultures. Finally, a report was sent with the results of analysis to the veterinary practitioner and the owner. The results represent the samples from 85 animals. In McMaster technique it was found that 32.9% of samples were positive and 67.1% were negative, which shows that in Portugal mainland, animals continue to be dewormed without prior evaluation indicating the need for deworming. From fecal cultures performed to date, 39% were positive and 61% were negative. As reported elsewhere in the world, there was a predominance of Cyathostomum spp., with an abundance in the positive samples greater than 80% of larvae found. The differences observed in the amount of EPG between stabled and outdoor animals, as well as the amount of EPG and the time gap between deworming were considered statistically significant. Concerning the Faecal Egg Reduction Test (FECRT), 100% efficacy was observed for ivermectin in the analyzed samples, with the exception of one case of doubtful efficacy (93,7%). A remark should be made,since in 13 animals only the 1st sample was collected and therefore it was not possible for these animals to evaluate the efficacy of the used anthelmintic. Project STOP has shown that: a) the previous analysis of animals before deworming should continue to be an integral part of control programs antiparasitic b) ivermectin remains a highly effective active ingredient c) control programs and active ingredients used in them should be monitored regularly to confirm their effectiveness.
Amorim, Lair Cláudio Cerqueira de. "Projeto “Física Animada”: uma abordagem centrada no aluno para o ensino da cinemática no Ensino Médio." Volta Redonda, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/4228.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Ciências Exatas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Física. Volta Redonda,RJ
O projeto “Física Animada é uma proposta que usa a técnica stop motion para ensinar conceitos da cinemática de maneira mais participativa e divertida para alunos do Ensino Médio, levando os alunos a compreenderem conceitos de deslocamento, posição, velocidade e aceleração, além de desenvolverem habilidades de interpretação de gráficos, tabelas e vetores, e também de relacionar os gráficos da cinemática com o movimento efetuado. Essa técnica consiste na criação do movimento quadro a quadro e existem diversas animações bem conhecidas como exemplos de sua aplicação. Neste trabalho, três etapas foram propostas para a condução do projeto e seguidas durante a aplicação: (i) Criação das personagens em massa de modelar; (ii) Gravação de vídeos com movimentos de velocidade constante e variável; (iii) Análise dos movimentos no vídeo para confrontar o modelo mental com os modelos da mecânica Newtoniana. A pesquisa foi conduzida em uma escola estadual voltada para o ensino de jovens e adultos (CEJA Centro de Educação de Jovens e Adultos) e ao longo do ano 2014 o minicurso foi realizado diversas vezes com diferentes alunos. No projeto foram utilizados dois softwares gratuitos: o MUAN, para a criação dos vídeos, e o Tracker, para a análise cinemática. Ambos possuem uma interface intuitiva e amigável, o que favorece o uso como ferramenta de ensino. Ao longo da aplicação do projeto, foram realizados exames diagnósticos com os alunos antes e após o minicurso de quatro aulas. Além disso, foram entregues questionários para todos os participantes e realizadas entrevistas com os que se voluntariaram a gravar suas impressões sobre a atividade. Verificou-se ainda a validade do projeto visando o aumento do interesse e da motivação dos alunos em se tratando do aprendizado de tópicos em cinemática e mecânica.
The Project “Animated Physics” is a proposal that uses the stop motion animation technique to teach concepts of kinematics in an active and fun way for high school students. This technique consists on the creation of motion frame by frame and there are several well-known animated movies as examples of its application. In this work, three steps were proposed for the project implementation: (i) Creation of characters in putty; (ii) Recording videos with constant and variable speed motion; (iii) Analysis of movements in the video to confront the mental model with Newtonian mechanics models. The research was conducted in a public school focused on youth and adult education (CEJA in Portuguese, Education Center for Youth and Adults) and during the year 2014 a short course was applied several times to different students. The project was performed through two free softwares: MUAN, for the creation of videos, and Tracker, for kinematic analysis. Both have an intuitive and friendly interface, which allows the use as a teaching tool. During the implementation of the project, diagnostic tests were performed with students before and after a short course of four lessons. In addition, questionnaires were applied to all participants and interviews were conducted with those who volunteered to record their impressions on the activity. The aim of this project was to make students understand concepts of displacement, position, speed and acceleration, to develop graphics, tables, and vector interpretation skills, and also to relate kinematics graphics with motion. The validity of the project in order to increase the interest and motivation of students learning topics in kinematics and mechanics was also assessed.
Benavente, Júlio César Ticona. "Um Sistema para o projeto e fabricação de peças mecânicas a distância via internet aderente à norma ISO 14649 (STEP-NC)." Florianópolis, SC, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/95382.
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Com o rápido avanço da tecnologia da informação associada à tecnologia da fabricação, os ambientes de manufatura mudaram significativamente nas últimas décadas. A usinagem de alta velocidade, usinagem de ultra-precisão e usinagem de múltiplos eixos tem melhorado a produtividade e a qualidade da manufatura. Além disso, a tecnologia da internet introduziu a e-manufatura (isto é, projetado por qualquer um em qualquer lugar, fabricado por qualquer um em qualquer lugar). A chave para o sucesso da e-manufatura consiste em um fluxo de dados compatíveis e sem brechas na cadeia CAD-CAPP-CAM-CNC. Apesar do avanço nas tecnologias de manufatura, a linguagem que as máquinas de comando numérico utilizam nos dias de hoje (código G # norma ISO 6983) ainda baseia-se nas movimentações da extremidade das ferramentas e no status da máquina, fazendo com que muitas informações acerca do produto sejam perdidas, tornando difícil ou impossível o compartilhamento de tais informações em diferentes áreas da empresa. O padrão ISO 14649 (STEP-NC) fornece um modelo de informações de alto nível referentes ao produto, como por exemplo o uso de features para a modelagem de peças e operações de fabricação, e este padrão tem sido apontado como uma ferramenta adequada para superar os problemas acima mencionados. Assim, para um mercado onde é bastante comum a elevada variabilidade das peças sendo produzidas, a alteração nas features que compõem a peça é mais rápida e fácil do que a alteração do código G para a usinagem da peça, e desta forma capacita-se as empresas a responderem mais rapidamente à mudança no projeto das peças, além de contribuir para acelerar a tomada de decisões referentes à fabricação das peças. Uma outra vantagem do uso de STEP-NC é que a sua estruturação proporciona que organizações de manufatura venham a compartilhar informações de maneira transparente via Internet. Tendo em vista o contexto acima, no presente trabalho foi desenvolvido um protótipo de um sistema computacional CAD/CAPP/CAM voltado à manufatura remota de peças mecânicas de característica prismática utilizando a Internet como meio de comunicação, sendo completamente aderente ao padrão ISO 14649. No sistema desenvolvido foram disponibilizadas inúmeras features para o usuário remoto, incluindo não apenas superfícies com características prismáticas, mas também elementos curvos como fundos abaulados de cavidades. Um dos módulos do sistema verifica se a peça criada pelo usuário é válida do ponto de vista de fabricabilidade com as ferramentas disponíveis. Além disso, o sistema identifica se a peça pode ser fabricada em uma máquina de comando numérico de três eixos, e no caso de impossibilidade o sistema informa o usuário o que causou a não-fabricabilidade. Finalmente, o sistema gera automaticamente o arquivo físico no formato STEP (padrão ISO 10303 parte 21), o qual é disponibilizado para o usuário via Internet, podendo ele efetuar uma simulação gráfica dos movimentos das ferramentas usinando a peça, tendo o arquivo físico como entrada. Até o momento não foi desenvolvido nenhum sistema computacional que disponibilize tal arquivo gratuitamente na Internet, e consequentemente o sistema desenvolvido neste trabalho contribui para uma maior disseminação do padrão STEP-NC, além do fato que o arquivo gerado poderá ser utilizado em máquinas CNC reais compatíveis com o formato STEP parte 21.
With the rapid advancement of information technology associated with manufacturing technology, manufacturing environments have changed significantly in recent decades. High speed machining, ultra-precision machining, and multi-axis machining have improved manufacturing productivity and quality. In addition, Internet technology has introduced e-manufacturing (i.e., designed by anyone anywhere, manufactured by anyone anywhere). The key to the success of e-manufacturing consists of compatible data stream with no gaps in the CAD-CAPP-CAM-CNC chain. Despite advances in manufacturing technologies, the language that are used by numerical control machines today (i.e. G-code - ISO 6983 standard) is still based on the movements of the end of the tools and on the machine status, causing the loss of much information about the product, making it difficult or impossible to share such information in different areas of the company. The ISO 14649 (STEP-NC) standard provides a model of high-level information about the product, such as the use of features for the modeling parts and manufacturing operations, and this standard has been recommended as a suitable tool to overcome the aforementioned problems. Thus, for a market where it is quite common the high variability of parts being produced, the change in features that compose the part is faster and easier than changing the G code for machining the part, and thus companies are enabled to respond more quickly to the change in part design, besides helping to accelerate decision-making related to the manufacture of parts. Another advantage of using STEP-NC is that its structure enables manufacturing organizations to share information seamlessly via the Internet. Given the above context, in the present research work a prototype CAD/CAPP/CAM computer system was developed for the remote manufacture of mechanical prismatic mechanical parts using the Internet as a means of communication, completely compliant with the ISO 14649 standard. In the developed system many features are provided to the remote user, including not only surfaces with prismatic features, but also curved elements like general cavities. One of the modules of the system verifies whether the part created by the user is valid from the standpoint of manufacturability with the tools available. In addition, the system identifies whether the part can be manufactured in a numerical control machine with three axes, and if that is not feasible, the system informs the user the cause of non-manufacturability. Finally, the system generates automatically the physical STEP file (ISO 10303 Part 21), which is provided to the user via the Internet, and he can perform a graphic simulation of the movement of the tools machining the part, having the physical file as input. So far no computer system was developed that provides such a file for free on the Internet, and therefore the system developed in this work contributes to a further spread of the STEP-NC standard, plus the fact that the generated file can be used in real CNC machines compatible with the STEP part 21 format.
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Web&rdquo
as a system of achitectural organization. This concept developed by Georges Candilis, Alexis Josic, and Shadrach Woods can be seen as a product of the discourse arose in 1960s, which concieves the city as a continuous and dynamic structure rather than a static entity composed of individual buildings. In this sense, Web appears as a system of architectural organization that responds to this dynamism by enabling growth and change. In this thesis, Frankfurt-Rö
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volutif as the main idea behind Web. It will be argued that habitat é
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Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Arts, Education and Law
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