Дисертації: "Projects risks"

1

Lin, Jye-Shing 1974. "The conflicts and risks in BOT projects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29570.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-88).
With a foreseeable, constrained financial status of a government, it is a feasible way to make public infrastructures viable for private sectors to participate. This concession can create a win-win situation for both the government and the private company. It also generates the maximum benefit for the public and the society if the project is well organized. Besides, private participation brings efficiency into infrastructure field and spur the economy in the long run. The degree of government involvement is vital to the success of a BOT project. If the government imposes too many restrictions on the project, it stifles the incentives. If the government helps the concessionaire too much, the project deviates from the main spirit of BOT delivery method. As a case study, the Taiwan High Speed Rail Project is discussed. This project changed its planned financial structure after the project encountered different difficulties in both debt and equity financing. However, the Taiwan government played an active role to help the project proceed. From this case study, one can also see how risks are allocated through different contractual agreements.
by Jye-Shing Lin.
S.M.

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2

Akram, Afzal Muhammad. "Risks in new product development (NPD) projects." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2017. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/12722.

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New product development (NPD) is vulnerable to a wide variety of risks arising from within the firm or from the external environment. Existing categorizations of NPD project risks are partial or ill-defined and consequently there is no clear consensus among researchers and practitioners about what constitute NPD project risks. To address this gap, this thesis deploys a systematic literature methodology to inductively develop a comprehensive risk taxonomy from a review of 124 empirical studies. This taxonomy is then empirically validated through a survey capturing data from 263 NPD projects conducted by UK firms. The thesis further investigated the moderating effect of NPD project type (incremental or radical), firm size (SMEs and large firms) and industry sectors on the proposed risk taxonomy. Variation in the perceptions of NPD risk by different members of the team was explored as well. The findings revealed that the principal risk factors affecting NPD projects are technological rapidity risk, supply chain risk, lack of funding and resource risk. The risk profile of radical NPD projects differed to that of incremental projects. SMEs were more vulnerable to NPD project risks than large firms. Most risks influenced NPD projects equally across industrial sectors. Members of NPD project teams from different backgrounds or with different roles perceived risks differently. The proposed taxonomy and its subsequent empirical validation provides a comprehensive and robust taxonomy for identifying and managing risks associated with different types of NPD project conducted by firms of varying sizes from different industrial sectors.

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3

Omidvar, Ali. "Classification of risk mitigation strategies in construction projects." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2704.

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This thesis proposes a classification system of risk mitigation strategies based on literature search and industry interviews. Following that, a list of generic properties was generated to describe individual strategies. In parallel, populating the properties of a large number of identified strategies was attempted. The practical implications are discussed mainly focusing on knowledge management for risk mitigation strategies.

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4

Da, Silva Tiago Ferreira. "Risk identification and project approval: an importance-performance analysis of taxonomy-based risks in Information Technology projects." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/355.

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The dissemination of project management practices is consolidating project as a great mean of achieving an organization's strategic plan (PMI, 2008, p. 10). But there are no resources and funds available to all, and competition among alternative projects is increasing. Funding institutions, government agencies, and credit rating organizations started considering project risk in project evaluation, instead of only using financial metrics such as ROI (Return on Investment) or NPV (Net Present Value). In order to obtain resources needed to implement projects, and thus contribute to an organization's objectives, it is necessary to identify the risks that have greater influence on project approval. This study applied the Importance-Performance Analysis (Martilla & James, 1977) to identify the main risk identification deficiencies for Information Technology (IT) project managers who apply for resources or funding approval. The identification was made possible by measuring IT project managers' perceptions of (1) the level of importance, or positive influence, which different risk categories have in project approval; (2) the level of performance they believe to have in the identification of these risks, meaning prior detection and registering; and (3) the gap between the measured levels of importance and performance. A survey listing 28 risk categories belonging to a validated risk taxonomy and 5-point Likert scales with different levels of importance and performance were presented to IT project managers from the central Illinois area. A total of 38 professionals answered the survey instrument, and verification of exclusion criteria resulted in an adjusted sample of 32 subjects. Descriptive statistics were used to compare mean values for each category, determining the gap between importance and performance levels for every category. The risk categories that presented the top three scores for importance were Scope uncertainty, Legal/regulatory, and Financial. The risk categories that represented the three greatest deficiencies or gaps (importance versus performance) for IT project approval were Contractual, Complexity, and Scope uncertainty.

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5

Mitchell, Gary F. "Managing risks in complex projects using compression strategies /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8816.

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6

Sherrill, Peter K. (Peter Klaus). "Contracting methods and risks in federal remediation projects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35016.

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7

Adams, Francis Kofi. "The management of risks in international infrastructural projects." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26257.

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This thesis aims to conduct a review and survey to establish the appropriateness of the types of risk management techniques currently used in the construction industry, to investigate risk perception in construction and its impact on project performance, and to develop a procedural model for the elicitation of expert opinions about risks that minimises the adverse effects of risk perception on individual estimates of risk, and provides these opinions as input variables to the rigorous and probabilistic analysis of contractual risks. The work is a cross-cultural study, applying mail questionnaire surveys, interviews, Delphi and Vignette techniques, and analysing risk management approaches and applications of the elicitation model developed by the study in both United Kingdom and Ghana. The data generated by the elicitation model are analysed using relative likelihood methods to develop subjective prior probability distributions for use as input variables in the Bayesian analysis of contractual risks in construction. The study concludes that although relative frequency data are often unavailable for contractual risks, existing predominant practices for contractual risk analysis are inappropriate for the nature of contractual risks. Furthermore, individual perceptions about risks significantly affect expert judgements about risks (and consequently project performance) in spite of their expertise. Using the expert elicitation model developed by the study and the analytical approaches applied, it is possible to capture, encode and aggregate the knowledge and experiences of a group of relevant experts to derive probability distribution functions of contractual risks to be applied as input variables to a Bayesian analysis of contractual risks, and thereby achieve a more appropriate, systematic and rigorous approach to contractual risk analysis. Evidence from the study also indicates that this approach need not involve any significantly high costs as the analysis can be done using standard spreadsheet software and add-in programmes that companies already have on their computer systems.

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8

Barber, Richard Information Technology &amp Electrical Engineering Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "An investigation into the role of internally generated risks in complex projects." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38903.

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Projects are important to society, and yet they often fail. This is despite the application of widely accepted project management standards, training, and processes. In this context, there is growing awareness that projects are often highly complex and therefore cannot be managed effectively solely by using process-based project management techniques. An alternative approach is now emerging, and that is recognising and dealing with the dynamic complexity, feedback and uncertainty inherent in most large projects today. When a project does fail, it follows that there has also been a failure in the management of risks to the project. Given this, it is possible to obtain insight into failures in complex projects by investigating how risk is managed. During this research, the management of internally generated risks in projects was of particular interest. These are the risks that projects create for themselves by the way they are set up or operate. If it is established that such risks are common, important and not well managed, it could provide valuable insight into why projects fail. Nine complex projects were investigated to identify, document and analyse internally generated risks to their success. Using data gathered from workshops and confidential interviews, five hypotheses were tested to understand the role played by internally generated risks in projects. A key part of the research method was the use of risk maps, an adapted form of cause-and-effect diagrams, as the basis for the dialogue necessary to create a shared understanding of each risk. Statistically significant results were obtained to support the conclusion that internally generated risks are common in complex projects, have the potential to significantly impact upon project success, and yet are generally poorly managed. It was also concluded that internally generated risks are important as a class of project risk, with potentially large impacts upon the success or otherwise of complex projects. Given this, further research to better understand how such risks arise and how they can be recognised and managed is appropriate.

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9

Plotnikova, Svetlana. "Applying PRINCE2 project management disciplines to address key risks in ERP System Implementation Projects." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3474.

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Thesis (MAcc (Accountancy))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
The successful implementation of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System can help an organisation to redefine its business processes and enhance its competitive advantage. An ERP System Implementation is a transformation project, which changes the way an organisation thinks and acts about its business. An ERP System implementation is also a complex endeavour, and as such, it requires rigorous risk management. The understanding and management of risks relevant to ERP System Implementation Projects are critical in order to ensure that the project delivers on its objectives within the specified budget and timelines, and eventually realises the envisaged business benefits. The purpose of this study is to discuss how key risks relevant to ERP System Implementation Projects could be addressed by applying project management disciplines derived from the PRINCE2 (PRojects IN Controlled Environment) project management methodology. This methodology was developed by the Office of Government Commerce in the United Kingdom. This study also provides a framework that could be applied at the outset and during an ERP System Implementation Project by business management, to understand the risks (“what could go wrong?”) and project management disciplines that should be applied to address these risks (“what must go right?”). This framework was derived by: • Identifying key risks relevant to ERP System Implementation Projects; • Mapping these key risks onto SAP Implementation phases to highlight where these risks could materialise in the SAP Implementation process; • Then mapping these key risks across PRINCE2 project management processes and SAP Implementation phases by creating the SAP Implementation Key Risks Map; and finally • Providing a detailed description of how to apply PRINCE2 project management disciplines to address each risk in the SAP Implementation Key Risks Map.

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10

Mack-Cain, Nina Michele. "Exploring Strategies for Early Identification of Risks in Information Technology Projects." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4651.

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Project managers must ensure risk management and business justification for their projects. Approximately, 53% of IT projects failed due to project managers not identifying risks early in the projects' lifecycle. The purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies IT project managers utilize to identify risks early in the project's lifecycle. The study population consisted of 5 lead IT project managers from a telecom company located in the Midwest region of the United States who had managed IT projects. The conceptual framework that grounded this study was the general systems theory. The data collection process involved semistructured interviews, a review of public documents, and member checking interviews to verify the authenticity of the participants' information. The data analysis process included the methodological triangulation, through interviewing and reviewing documents as well as using Yin's 5-step process for analyzing data to identify codes and themes. After the data analysis, the themes that emerged were self-development tools and risk identification (inputs, project tools and techniques, and output). The findings indicated it is crucial that the project team and all stakeholders who have an interest in the project continuously address risk management throughout the project's lifecycle. The implications for positive social change may help individuals understand risks better, interpret situations, and prevention of risk, which are essential to encourage economic inclusion, social protection, and environmental building.

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11

Ranasinghe, Kulatilaka Arthanayake Malik Kumar. "Quantification of risks during feasibility analysis for capital projects." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26730.

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The purpose of this thesis is to propose a consistent theory and a model based on it to estimate the uncertainty of project duration, cost, revenue, and net present value probabilistically. The model can be used to assist decision making on such strategic, feasibility analysis issues as contingency provision, reliability of an estimate for the "go-no go" decision, adopting phased or fast-track construction, etc. Project cost and revenue are evaluated in terms of current and discounted dollars, thereby emphasising the economic effect of time and inflation on net present value which is considered as the decision criterion. The model is derived mathematically by treating all the issues which effect the estimation of project cost, duration and revenue through the mechanism of linked work packages. Issues found to be significant in the evaluation of work package duration are: the scope of work, the productivity, and the labour usage. For work package cost they are: the duration and the starting time, unit rates for labour, equipment, and materials, labour and equipment usage, sub-contractor and indirect cost, inflation and interest rates. For revenue the issues are: the gross revenue, operating & maintenance cost, inflation rates, duration, and the starting time. Moments of work package cost, duration and revenue streams are first evaluated using subjective estimates of percentiles for the independent variables, deriving moment information from these estimates, and then processing this information using the expectation operator on the Taylor series expansion of the performance measure about the mean. These moments along with the Pearson family of distributions are used to quantify the uncertainty of project duration, cost, revenue, and net present value. The decision maker is provided with probabilistic estimates, of duration, cost and revenue at both the work package/revenue stream and project levels and of the net present value. A computer program is developed to implement the proposed theory and to organise and simplify the calculation process.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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12

Gluszak, Michal. "Land acquisition in development projects: investment value and risks." Institut für Regional- und Umweltwirtschaft, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/980/1/document.pdf.

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The aim of the article is to discuss the main problems in land-development activity. The study focuses on land acquisition problem. In the article we describe possible implications of difference between real estate market and investment value, and enumerate major sources of investment risk. (author´s abstract)
Series: SRE - Discussion Papers

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13

Maunus, Hanna, and Engøy Ann-Magritt Lindemark. "Risk Managements påverkan för utfallet av ERP-projekt." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för utbildning och ekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-16052.

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Titel: Risk Managements påverkan för utfallet av ERP-projekt Författare: Ann-Magritt Lindemark Engøy och Hanna Maunus Handledare: Pär Vilhelmson Examinator: Sarah Philipson Kurs: Examensarbete företagsekonomi C, 15.0 hp Nyckelord: ERP-projekt, Projekt Management, Risk Management, risker i ERP-projekt, lyckade projekt, misslyckade projekt, The Iron Triangle. Syfte: Att undersöka vilka risker som är mest förekommande vid implementeringen av ERP-system och hur risk management kan reducera dessa. Metod: Kvalitativ metod, hermeneutik, fallstudier, semistrukturerade intervjuer, välgrundad teori. Resultat: Organisationens och projektets ledning hade större kunskaper om vilka risker som ville uppstå och olika risk management strategier än andra anställda och slutanvändarna av systemet. Standardisering, samordning och automatisering av organisationens kärnprocesser var huvudsyften för att implementera ERP-system i organisationen. God planering av projektet är avgörande för ett lyckat resultat. Det är viktigt med bra kommunikation och tätt samarbete mellan de olika avdelningarna i projektet, och även med externa konsulter som till exempel leverantören av ERP-systemet. Riskanalys var en viktig del av projektens risk management strategi. En skicklig och flexibel projektledning hade stor betydelse för att risk management strategin fungerade. Resursproblem visade sig vara den största risken i de undersökta projekten. Change management visade sig vara en välanvänd metod för att minska organisationens motstånd mot ERP-projekt. Kostnadsbudgeten var inte det viktigaste målet att uppnå och The Iron Triangle visade sig inte vara så avgörande för om projektet ansågs lyckad eller misslyckad. Organisationerna använda sig mycket av upplärning av användarna för att åtgärda de risker som kan uppstå i samband med personalen. Risk management fungerade för projektledningen som ett verktyg för att åtgärda och även kontrollera projektrisker. Slutsatser: De vanligaste riskerna som upptäcktes i undersökningen var olika slags problem med personalen, tekniska problem, samarbetet med leverantören och kommunikationen mellan olika intressenter, att hålla projektets tidsschema och budget, samt tailoring av systemet och att se till att det fungerar i enlighet med syftet. Särskilt personalriskerna var många och utgjorde stora utmaningar för ERP-projekten. Studien visade även att risk management kan påverka utfallet av ERP-projekt positivt och hjälpa ERP-projekt att uppnå sina mål.
Title: Risk Managements influence on the outcome of ERP projects Authors: Ann-Magritt Lindemark Engøy & Hanna Maunus Tutor: Pär Vilhelmson Examiner: Sarah Philipson Course: Bachelor Thesis in Business Administration C, 15.0 hp Keywords: ERP projects, Project Management, Risk Management, risks in ERP projects, successful projects, unsuccessful projects, The Iron Triangle. Purpose: To investigate what risks are most dominant with the implementation of ERP systems and how risk management can reduce these risks. Method: Qualitative method, hermeneutic, case studies, semi-structured interviews, well-grounded theory. Findings: The management had better knowledge about the risks that would arise and different risk management strategies in ERP projects than other employees and end users of the ERP systems. Standardisation, coordination and automation of the organisations core processes were the main purposes for implementing ERP systems in the organisations. Excellent planning of the project is critical for a successful project outcome. It is important to have good communication and close cooperation between the various departments in the projects, as well as with external consultants such as the supplier of the ERP system. Risk analysis was the most important and the most used method of the risk management strategies among our cases. Skilled and flexible project management had a positive impact on the risk management strategy ability to succeed. Resource issues turned out to be the biggest risk in the investigated projects. Change management proved to be a well-used method to reduce the employees resistance against the ERP project. To meet the standards from the cost´ budget was not seen as the most important objective to achieve. It also turned out The Iron Triangle was not a critical factor to determine whether the project in question was seen as a success or a failure. The organisations used training of the end-users to address the risks that may arise in connection with the employees. Risk management worked for the management as a tool to resolve and control the project risks. Conclusions: The most common risks that where discovered in this study was personnel risks, technical issues, the relationship with the supplier and communication between various stakeholders, not to exceed the project budget and schedule, as well as tailoring the system and make sure that it is working as intended. Particularly risks related to the employees constituted major challenges for the ERP projects. Our study showed furthermore that risk management clearly affects the outcome of ERP projects positively and helps ERP projects to achieve their goals.

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14

Carlsson, Mats. "Management of geotechnical risks in infrastructure projects : an introductory study /." Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-581.

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15

Erkan, Mustafa. "Mitigating political risks for transnational energy projects through contractual mechanisms." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496772.

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This thesis focuses on political risks, particularly the risk of expropriation, and examines specific contract clauses to evaluate the extent to which they play a role in mitigating the political risks in transnational energy projects. International energy investors face a number of political risks during the life span of energy projects. The management of these risks through contract clauses, analysed primarily from a legal and an empirical perspective, is the focus of this thesis. The research was based on a review of the existing literature and a questionnaire-based survey circulated to the main players in the petroleum sector: International Oil Companies, National Oil Companies, Lawyers, Arbitrators, Academics and Research Institutions. Chapter II deals with political risks in international energy investments. First, political risk is defined and categorised and then the susceptibility of transnational energy projects to political risks is examined. Chapter III begins by examining the concept of expropriation, followed by the legal requirements for lawful expropriation. Then it explains why indirect expropriation is a long-term and difficult issue for the energy industry. The chapter also addresses the question of how to distinguish between legitimate non-compensable regulation and indirect expropriation. The chapter concludes by looking briefly at contractual clauses used by international energy investors to manage political risk. Part Two takes a closer look at specific contractual clauses in light of political risk management and analyses the results of the empirical survey. Chapter IV examines the validity and effectiveness of traditional stabilisation clauses. Chapter V considers renegotiation clauses and their effectiveness to mitigate political risk as an alternative to stabilisation clauses. Chapter VI deals with equilibrium clauses as a modern practice. Chapter VII examines choice of law and alternative dispute resolution clauses in connection with the management of political risks.

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16

Larsson, Martin. "MANAGING RISKS IN PROJECTS -A case study in successive calculation." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad maskinteknik (KTH Södertälje), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-141393.

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17

Saeed, Muhammad, and Mehmood Ziauddin. "A Structured Approach for Evaluating Risk Impacts in IT Projects." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-782.

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Date: 12-June-2008

Authors: Muhammad Saeed – 760721

Västerås – Sweden

Mehmood Ziauddin – 830730

Västerås – Sweden

Title: A Structured Approach for Evaluating Risk Impacts in IT Projects

Introduction: Risk is an integral part of any project and it’s more appropriate to say for IT because it is changing with a very fast pace. Different surveys, reports and researches show astonishing statistics about the risks in IT projects. Through proper risk assessment techniques most of the uncertainties can be reduced while initiating, implementing and improving IT projects. Different authors talk about different risks and different strategies to respond to them. It becomes difficult at times to keep in check all the risks. Often risk management is over hyped, and often it’s totally neglected. Their needs to be a balanced approached in risk management.

Problem: How a structured approach will be beneficial for an organization in assessing risk impacts on IT Projects?

Purpose: The aim of this report is to develop and analyze a structured approach which will permit an organization in identifying & categorizing risks and measuring their impact on IT Projects.

Method: Exploratory research approach is used and data collection is done using secondary sources. Our thesis is qualitative research based. Qualitative research is the one which is not relying on statistical data as compared to quantitative research.

Besides our text books and study material, the main source of information was internet databases and university library from where we read different articles, thesis and books. Majority of the material studied was collected from Mälardalen University Library’s online databases like, Elin@Mälardalen, Compendex, Emerald and Ebrary. We also consulted some books which we got by inter-library loan from Mälardalen University.

Conclusion: With the help of Remenyi’s approach for categorizing risks and Applegate’s approach of measuring risk impact, we have managed to develop a structured approach and reached a conclusion that proper identification and categorizing of risks can be very beneficial for an organization in numerous ways. This systematic way assists top management, project managers, IT & non IT Personnel is taking preemptive measures for managing risks. The benefits it brings is that it gives an equal understanding within the organization and this structured approach gives an in-depth and clear understanding of the risks associated with IT projects.

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18

Van, Heerden Johan P. "Reducing risks in large scale projects : investigating the integration of systems engineering principles into project management." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80151.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Project management (PM) is a very important field in engineering as a whole. The management of most projects has become more complex in recent times, due to greater technical complexity and the requirement of diversified skills. The management of risks is a very important process to improve the performance of a project. This is due to the link between project risks and objectives. However, this aspect of PM becomes increasingly more difficult to manage with increasing project complexity. For these reasons a need exists for more efficient PM methods. This thesis had three objectives. The first was to understand the processes and principles of PM, systems engineering (SE) and risk management. This was achieved by doing a literature study on the three fields. The second objective was to identify areas of greater risk within the management of projects. The final objective was to develop an effective generic model that illustrates the integration of SE principles into PM, with the goal to reduce the identified risks. Five risks were identified during this research. They were considered to be the most important in project management. This was accomplished by means of a questionnaire that was sent out to experts in the industry. It was established from this investigation that the following five risks, in order of importance, pose the biggest threat to the success of a project: 1. Poorly defined requirements; 2. Poor communication; 3. Poor risk management; 4. Lack of customer involvement; and 5. Inaccurate estimates. These risks were addressed by integrating the principles of SE into PM. SE is an iterative process that needs a diverse set of people, with a variety of skills, to achieve customer requirements. Various SE approaches and strategies were developed throughout the years. They were investigated to obtain insight into which of them can be used to improve PM. The top-down iterative development principles of SE offer a great advantage, and therefore it was appropriate to integrate these principles into PM. A model was developed as part of this thesis to illustrate the integration of SE principles into PM, and the importance of risk management. The model was named “Project Management Integrated with Systems Engineering Principles Model”. This tool can be used by engineers and their project teams to enhance the management of projects. It is also a generic tool that can be used for any project. The final step of this research was the validation of the model. This was done by means of expert evaluation. The purpose of this validation was to test whether the objectives of the research were met, and if the model was valid in the sense of ease of use and usefulness. The final objective of the validation process was to determine if the integration of systems engineering (SE) principles into project management (PM) were successful, and if it will reduce risks in large scale projects. It was concluded from this evaluation that its objectives were met and that the model successfully demonstrated the integration of SE into PM to reduce risks in large scale projects. Several recommendations were made that may enhance this study. They main recommendations are: 1. Researching the impact of communication on projects, by using case studies. 2. SE principles are mainly used in the first two phases of the model. Further investigation of using SE principles in phase three may be researched. 3. Customer involvement may be used during changes in the project. For this reason it is recommended that future studies may include investigation of the impact the customer has on project changes and the change management process. 4. The model could be tested in the industry on an active project. This will greatly improve the validity of the model.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Projekbestuur is ‘n baie belangrike veld in ingenieurswese as geheel. As gevolg van die toenemende tegniese kompleksiteit en die vereiste van verskillende vaardighede, het die bestuur van meeste projekte meer gekompliseerd geraak met tyd. Die bestuur van risiko’s is ‘n baie belangrike proses om die uitvoering van ‘n projek te verbeter. Hierdie aspek van projekbestuur het egter al hoe moeiliker geword om te bestuur. Dus hiervoor bestaan daar ‘n behoefte vir meer doeltreffende projekbestuur metodes. Hierdie tesis het drie doelwitte gehad. Die eerste doelwit was om die prosesse en beginsels van projekbestuur, stelsels ingenieurswese en risikobestuur te verstaan. Dit was bevredig deur ‘n literatuur studie wat gedoen is in die drie velde. Die tweede doelwit was gestel om die areas van groter risiko binne die bestuur van projekte te identifiseer. Die finale doelwit was die ontwilkkeling van ‘n effektiewe generiese model wat die integrasie van stelsels ingenieurswese beginsels binne projekbestuur demonstreer, met die doel om die geïdentifiseerde risiko’s te verminder. Vyf risiko’s, wat as die mees belangrikste in projekbestuur beskou word, was geïdentifiseer. Hierdie risiko’s was deur middel van ‘n vraelys, wat aan deskundiges in die industrie gestuur was, geïdentifiseer. Die risiko’s, gelys in volgorde van belangrikheid, was: 1. Swak bepaalde vereistes; 2. Swak kommunikasie; 3. Swak risiko bestuur; 4. Onnoukeurige skattings; en 5. Geen kliënt betrokkenheid. Vervolgens was hierdie risiko’s deur die integrasie van stelsels ingenieurswese beginsels in projekbestuur toegespreek. Stelsels ingenieurswese is ‘n herhalingsproses wat die kliënt se vereistes bevredig, deur gebruik te maak van ‘n diverse groep mense met ‘n verskeidenheid van vaardighede. Verskeie stelsels ingenieurswese benaderings en strategië is deur die jare ontwikkel. Hierdie benaderings en strategië was geondersoek om vas te stel watter van hulle toegepas kan word om projekbestuur te verbeter. Die “top-down” herhalende ontwikkeling beginsels van stelsels ingenieurswese bied ‘n groot voordeel, en dit was om hierdie rede toepaslik om dié beginsels in projekbestuur te integreer. ‘n Model was ontwikkel as deel van die navorsing om die integrasie van stelsels ingenieurswese beginsels binne projekbestuur te illustreer, asook die belangrikheid van risikobestuur. Die model is genoem “Project Management Integrated with Systems Engineering Principles Model”. Hierdie model kan deur ingenieurs en hul projekspanne gebruik word om die bestuur van projekte te versterk. Die finale stap van die navorsing was die evaluasie van die model. Dit was gedoen deur middel van deskundige evaluasie. Die validasie proses het twee doelwitte gehad. Die eerste doel was om te bepaal of die doelwitte van die ondersoek bereik was, asook om vas te stel of die model geldig was in die sin van gemak van gebruik en bruikbaarheid. Die tweede doel van die validasie proses was om te bepaal of die model suksesvol die integrasie van stelsels ingenieurswese binne projekbestuur gedemonstreer het, en of hierdie integrasie risiko’s in groot skaalse projekte sal verminder. Dit was afgelei van die evaluasie dat die model wel suksesvol die integrasie van stelsels ingenieurswese binne projekbestuur demonstreer om risiko’s in grootskaalse projekte te verminder. Verskeie aanbevelings was gemaak wat hierdie navorsing kan versterk in waarde. Die hoof aanbevelings was: 1. Die impak wat kommunikasie op projekte het kan geondersoek word deur middel van gevallestudies. 2. Stelsels ingenieurswese beginsels is hoofsaaklik gedurende die eerste twee fases van die model gebruik. Die gebruik van stelsels ingenieurswese beginsels in fase drie kan verder ondersoek word. 3. Kliënt betrokkenheid gedurende veranderinge in ‘n projek kan gebruik word. Om hierdie rede word dit aanbeveel dat verdere studies die kliënt se impak op projek veranderings en verandering in bestuursproses ondersoek word. 4. Die model kan getoets word in die industrie op ‘n aktiewe projek. Dit sal die geldigheid van die model grootliks verbeter.

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Agarwal, Anna. "Managing risks in energy capital projects -- the value of contractual risk-sharing in CCS-EOR." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90038.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 124-129).
This thesis addresses the question of how to maximize the value of energy capital projects in light of the various risks faced by these projects. The risks can be categorized as exogenous risks (not in control of involved entities) and endogenous risks (arising from sub-optimal decisions by involved entities). A dominant reason for poor project performance is the endogenous risks associated with weak incentives to deliver optimal project outcomes. A key objective of this research is to illustrate that risk-sharing through contracts is central to incentivize the involved entities to maximize overall project value. The thesis presents a risk management framework for energy capital projects that accounts for both exogenous risks and endogenous risks to evaluate the optimal risk management strategies. This work focuses on a carbon capture and storage project (CCS) with enhanced oil recovery (EOR). CCS is projected to play a key role in reducing the global CO₂ emissions. However, the actual deployment of CCS is likely to be lower than projected because of the various risks and uncertainties involved. The analysis of CCS-EOR projects presented in this thesis will help encourage the commercial deployment of CCS by identifying the optimal risk management strategies. This work analyzes the impact of the exogenous risks (market risks, geological uncertainty) on the value of the CCS-EOR project, and evaluates the optimal contingent decisions. Endogenous risks arise from the involvement of multiple entities in the CCS-EOR project; this thesis evaluates alternate CO₂ delivery contracts in terms of incentives offered to the individual entities to make the optimal contingent decisions. Key findings from this work illustrate that the final project value depends on both the evolution of exogenous risk factors and on the endogenous risks associated with response of the entities to change in the risk factors. The results demonstrate that contractual risk-sharing influences decision-making and thus affects project value. For example, weak risk-sharing such as in fixed price CO₂-EOR contracts leads to a high likelihood of sub-optimal decision-making, and the resulting losses can be large enough to affect investment and project continuity decisions. This work aims to inform decision-makers in capital projects of the importance of considering strong contractual risk-sharing structures as part of the risk management process to maximize project value.
by Anna Agarwal.
Ph. D.

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Kristinsdottir, Asbjorg. "Risks and decision making in development of new power plant projects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78233.

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Thesis (Ph. D. in the field of Construction Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 204-209).
Power plant development projects are typically capital intensive and subject to a complex network of interconnected risks that impact development's performance. Failure to develop a power plant to meet performance constraints can come at great cost to the developer and other stakeholders involved. In order to develop an investment strategy plan based on their risk appetite, and manage risks effectively, developers must be able to identify and analyze project opportunity risks. This dissertation is motivated by the need to study the nature and impact of risks on a power plant development project, and to demonstrate how proper management of those risks can help mitigate these impacts. The purpose is to feed that information into developer's investment strategy to be able to understand whether or not to participate in particular power plant development projects, and how to participate. First phase of the dissertation is an analysis of power plant investment decisions and development process, followed by identification of risks across all stages of development. Through data mining of performance indicators of around 300 power plant development projects worldwide, clusters of geographical locations, energy technologies, and developer types are highlighted. This helps us understand which projects developers should consider for evaluation given performance trends of geographic locations, and energy technologies. Our research then introduces a novel approach to power plant project risk analysis. We combine a System Dynamics model of the power plant development process with an Analytical Network Process model that enables identification of key relationships among risks and their impact on the development process. The models are used to construct project risk profiles. These three models work together to show how developers can make risk informed decision when selecting amongst power plant project opportunities, how they should best prepare projects to mitigate negative impacts of risks involved, and how they should react to changes in managing development performance over a project's lifetime.
by Ásbjörg Kristinsdóttir.
Ph.D.in the field of Construction Engineering and Management

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Choudhury, Siam, and David Almqvist. "Riskhantering i IT-projekt : En kvalitativ studie om arbetsmetoder." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1803.

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Many organizations today work in projects, a method of organizing work to provide a clearer focus on goals and more control of every aspect of the assignment. A project is, simply put, a plan to achieve a specific result. In turn, project management means to use various tools and methods to facilitate and streamline the effort towards achieving the goal with the project.

Risk management is the activity that refers to finding, identifying and quantify different types of risks and take appropriate action towards reducing or eliminating these risks to the extent possible. With increased use of projects as a method of working the demands for managing risks better become stronger. The question that this thesis tried to answer was: “What kind of risks does the IT industry think are linked to their projects and in what way does these companies manage these risks?”

Among the project leaders interviewed, the authors could see a great variation in lines of thought and values regarding the importance of risk management and how risk management should be handled. Some interesting observations were made and certain important areas have been brought into the spotlight.

The authors saw that risk management among the IT companies was handled very differently from each other. The variation can be due to the sizes in projects or due to the size of the companies. What the authors have observed shows that most of the companies have a common attitude towards the importance of risk management and are usually very structured in their work with risk management. The authors believes this to be a sign that risk management in IT projects is being taken more seriously now than before and believe that this trend will continue towards more well planned and well structured risk management in the IT industry.

Idag arbetar många organisationer i projektform, en arbetsmetod som medför tydligare inriktning mot resultat och större kontroll över alla delar av arbetet. Ett projekt är enklast beskrivet som en plan för att uppnå ett specifikt resultat. Projektledning innebär i sin tur att man använder sig utav olika metoder och verktyg för att underlätta och effektivisera arbete mot målet inom projekt.

Riskhantering är den verksamhet som syftar till att lokalisera, identifiera och kvantifiera risker av olika slag samt vidta lämpliga åtgärder för att i möjligaste mån reducera eller eliminera dessa risker. Med den ökande användningen av projekt som arbetsmetod ökar också kravet att hantera risker mot projekt bättre. Frågan som denna uppsats sökte svar på var: "Vad anser företag inom IT-branschen att det finns för risker kopplade till deras projekt och på vilket sätt hanterar företagen dessa risker?"

Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med representanter från fyra företag inom IT-branschen. De fyra företagen verkar inom olika områden och med detta ville författarna få en mer nyanserad bild av hur riskhantering sköts inom branschen. Löpande kontakt hölls med en representant från Öhrlings Pricewaterhouse Coopers (PwC) avdelning för riskhanteringstjänster (RMS). Denna kontakt fungerade som informationskälla. Urvalsmetoden för denna studie var ett omdömesurval. Författarna har efter egna kriterier valt ut och kontaktat projektledare på IT-företag. Kriterierna var att samtliga respondenter skulle ha ansvar för IT-projekt.

Författarna kunde se att det bland projektledarna varierade mycket i tankesätt och värderingar kring vikten av riskhantering och på vilket sätt riskhantering ska skötas. Vissa intressanta iakttagelser har gjorts och det finns viktiga områden som har kommit fram i ljuset genom denna uppsats.

Författarna kom fram till att riskhanteringen hos IT-företag sker på väldigt olika sätt på de företag som undersöktes. Variationen beror troligen både på storleken på projekten och på företagens storlek. Det författarna har sett visar dock på att företagen för det mesta är ganska strukturerade i sitt arbete kring riskhanteringen. Detta tror författarna tyder på att riskhantering i IT-projekt tas på större allvar nu än tidigare och de tror på en fortsatt trend med välstrukturerad och planerad riskhantering inom IT-branschen.

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Liu, Xiaoying. "An artificial neural network approach to assess project cost and time risks at the front end of projects." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0025/MQ31395.pdf.

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23

MARTINS, ALEXANDRE SANDRE. "PROJECT FINANCE IN THE POWER GENERATION SECTOR: ALTERNATIVE SOURCE: ANALYZING THE RISKS AND MITIGATION OF WIND POWER PROJECTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=22209@1.

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O uso do Project Finance, como instrumento de viabilização na estruturação de empreendimentos intensivos de capital, é uma alternativa eficiente em relação ao financiamento corporativo no setor de infraestrutura. O presente trabalho tem o propósito de analisar a aplicabilidade dessa ferramenta de estruturação financeira no setor elétrico brasileiro por meio da análise dos riscos envolvidos em projetos de implantação de usinas de geração eólica. Com a finalidade de aferir quais riscos são mais relevantes em projetos dessa natureza e como estes podem ser mitigados, simulou-se diversas variáveis tendo-se como base o modelo de leilões de venda de energia nova utilizada no Brasil. A pesquisa envolveu o levantamento e ranqueamento dos riscos envolvidos na implantação de projetos eólicos, e a mensuração dos seus impactos sobre o valor presente líquido VPL de tais empreendimentos. Para tal, realizou-se um estudo de caso a partir de um exemplo numérico demonstrando-se a relevância dos diversos riscos apresentados. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o fator de capacidade de geração de energia de uma usina eólica é a variável com maior potencial de redução do VPL do projeto, sendo, portanto, o risco mais relevante. A incerteza em relação à quantidade de energia efetivamente gerada, considerando um horizonte de 20 anos de contratação de energia, representa um fator de risco preponderante a qualquer parque eólico, conforme apresentado em gráficos no presente estudo. A pesquisa também conclui que o preço de comercialização da energia gerada, os custos de construção e as despesas de operação e manutenção dos parques eólicos têm um peso considerável na viabilização financeira dos projetos. Portanto, após a avaliação dos impactos das variáveis investimento, financiamento e atraso sobre as projeções financeiras, demonstrados por meio de análises de sensibilidade ao longo das seções 6 2, 6 3 e 6 4, conclui-se que a falta de planejamento e de uma análise criteriosa dos riscos e de seus respectivos mitigadores podem deteriorar a rentabilidade e até comprometer a viabilidade financeira de um empreendimento eólico.
The use of project finance as a tool for structuring capital intensive projects, is an efficient alternative in relation to corporate financing in the infrastructure sector. This study aims to analyze the applicability of this tool in the Brazilian power sector through risk and mitigation analysis involved in the implementation of wind power plants. In order to verify which risks are most relevant in such projects and how these can be mitigated, was simulated with the most common variables based on the model of auctions of new energy used in Brazil. The research involved a survey and ranking of risks involved in the implementation of wind power projects, and measuring their impact on the net present value NPV of such enterprises. For this purpose, was performed a case study from a numerical example demonstrating the relevance of the various risks presented. The results demonstrate that the capacity factor of power generation from a wind power plant is the variable with the greatest potential for reducing the NPV of the project, therefore, the most significant risk. The uncertainty regarding the amount of energy actually generated, considering a 20 year energy contract, represents a relevant risk factor to any wind power projects, as shown in graphs in this study. The research also concludes that the trading price of energy generated, construction costs and the costs of operation and maintenance of these enterprises have considerable weight in the financial viability of the projects. Therefore, after assessing the impacts of the variables investment, financing and delay on the financial projections, demonstrated through sensitivity analyzes along sections 6 2, 6 3 and 6 4, it is concluded that the lack of planning and a thorough analysis of the risks and their mitigation can deteriorate the profitability and even jeopardize the financial viability of a wind power project.

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Garcia, Sergio, Jose Michael Pisfil, Sandra Rodriguez, and Roger Luna. "Optimization of construction projects budget minimizing risks using the Monte Carlo method." Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656565.

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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.
Currently, it is common for the risks in construction projects to generate significant budgetary deviations due to their null or insufficient identification and quantification. In relation to this point, and with the focus on improving the competitiveness of construction companies when developing and complying with their budgets, it is essential to have an accurate methodology for estimating the contingency associated with risks from an early stage. This allows the contingency amount not to be exceeded, resulting in better reliability and adjustment of the budget assigned for the project, and therefore guaranteeing the expected profitability. This objective can be achieved using applications such as the Monte Carlo method, since through the probabilistic simulations that can be developed through it, it is possible to precisely establish the value of the contingency associated with project risks in study. It is recommended to carry out these evaluations and analyzes before the project starts. In this sense, this research focuses on establishing a sequential methodology that serves as an application tool for any type of construction project, ensuring the optimization of the budget by minimizing the risks associated with the project.

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25

Jaber, Hadi. "Modeling and analysis of propagation risks in complex projects : application to the development of new vehicles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC022/document.

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La gestion de projets complexes nécessite d’orchestrer la coopération de centaines de personnes provenant de diverses entreprises, professions et compétences, de travailler sur des milliers d'activités, livrables, objectifs, actions, décisions et risques. En outre, ces nombreux éléments du projet sont de plus en plus interconnectés, et aucune décision ou action n’est indépendante. Cette complexité croissante est l'un des plus grands défis de la gestion de projet et l'une des causes de l'échec du projet en termes de dépassements de coûts et des retards. Par exemple, dans l'industrie automobile, l'augmentation de l'orientation du marché et de la complexité croissante des véhicules a changé la structure de gestion des projets de développement de nouveaux véhicules à partir d'une structure hiérarchique à une structure en réseau, y compris le constructeur, mais aussi de nombreux fournisseurs. Les dépendances entre les éléments du projet augmentent les risques, car les problèmes dans un élément peuvent se propager à d'autres éléments qui en dépendent directement ou indirectement. La complexité génère un certain nombre de phénomènes, positifs ou négatifs, isolés ou en chaînes, locaux ou globaux, qui vont plus ou moins interférer avec la convergence du projet vers ses objectifs.L'objectif de la thèse est donc de réduire les risques associés à la complexité des projets véhicules en augmentant la compréhension de cette complexité et de la coordination des acteurs du projet. Pour ce faire, une première question de recherche est de prioriser les actions pour atténuer les risques liés à la complexité. Puis, une seconde question de recherche est de proposer un moyen d'organiser et de coordonner les acteurs afin de faire face efficacement avec les phénomènes liés à la complexité identifiés précédemment.La première question sera abordée par la modélisation de complexité du projet en analysant les phénomènes liés à la complexité dans le projet, à deux niveaux. Tout d'abord, une modélisation descriptive de haut niveau basée facteur est proposé. Elle permet de mesurer et de prioriser les zones de projet où la complexité peut avoir le plus d'impact. Deuxièmement, une modélisation de bas niveau basée sur les graphes est proposée. Elle permet de modéliser plus finement les éléments du projet et leurs interdépendances. Des contributions ont été faites sur le processus complet de modélisation, y compris l'automatisation de certaines étapes de collecte de données, afin d'augmenter les performances et la diminution de l'effort et le risque d'erreur. Ces deux modèles peuvent être utilisés en conséquence; une première mesure de haut niveau peut permettre de se concentrer sur certains aspects du projet, où la modélisation de bas niveau sera appliquée, avec un gain global d'efficacité et d'impact. Basé sur ces modèles, certaines contributions sont faites pour anticiper le comportement potentiel du projet. Des analyses topologiques et de propagation sont proposées pour détecter et hiérarchiser les éléments essentiels et les interdépendances critiques, tout en élargissant le sens du mot polysémique "critique".La deuxième question de recherche sera traitée en introduisant une méthodologie de « Clustering » pour proposer des groupes d'acteurs dans les projets de développement de nouveaux produits, en particulier pour les acteurs impliqués dans de nombreuses interdépendances liées aux livrables à différentes phases du cycle de vie du projet. Cela permet d'accroître la coordination entre les acteurs interdépendants qui ne sont pas toujours formellement reliés par la structure hiérarchique de l'organisation du projet. Cela permet à l'organisation du projet d’être effectivement plus proche de la structure en « réseau » qu’elle devrait avoir. L'application industrielle aux projets de développement de nouveaux véhicules a montré des résultats prometteurs pour les contributions aux deux questions de recherche
The management of complex projects requires orchestrating the cooperation of hundreds of individuals from various companies, professions and backgrounds, working on thousands of activities, deliverables, and risks. As well, these numerous project elements are more and more interconnected, and no decision or action is independent. This growing complexity is one of the greatest challenges of project management and one of the causes for project failure in terms of cost overruns and time delays. For instance, in the automotive industry, increasing market orientation and growing complexity of automotive product has changed the management structure of the vehicle development projects from a hierarchical to a networked structure, including the manufacturer but also numerous suppliers. Dependencies between project elements increase risks, since problems in one element may propagate to other directly or indirectly dependent elements. Complexity generates a number of phenomena, positive or negative, isolated or in chains, local or global, that will more or less interfere with the convergence of the project towards its goals. The thesis aim is thus to reduce the risks associated with the complexity of the vehicle development projects by increasing the understanding of this complexity and the coordination of project actors. To do so, a first research question is to prioritize actions to mitigate complexity-related risks. Then, a second research question is to propose a way to organize and coordinate actors in order to cope efficiently with the previously identified complexity-related phenomena.The first question will be addressed by modeling project complexity and by analyzing complexity-related phenomena within the project, at two levels. First, a high-level factor-based descriptive modeling is proposed. It permits to measure and prioritize project areas where complexity may have the most impact. Second, a low-level graph-based modeling is proposed, based on the finer modeling of project elements and interdependencies. Contributions have been made on the complete modeling process, including the automation of some data-gathering steps, in order to increase performance and decrease effort and error risk. These two models can be used consequently; a first high-level measure can permit to focus on some areas of the project, where the low-level modeling will be applied, with a gain of global efficiency and impact. Based on these models, some contributions are made to anticipate potential behavior of the project. Topological and propagation analyses are proposed to detect and prioritize critical elements and critical interdependencies, while enlarging the sense of the polysemous word “critical."The second research question will be addressed by introducing a clustering methodology to propose groups of actors in new product development projects, especially for the actors involved in many deliverable-related interdependencies in different phases of the project life cycle. This permits to increase coordination between interdependent actors who are not always formally connected via the hierarchical structure of the project organization. This allows the project organization to be actually closer to what a networked structure should be. The automotive-based industrial application has shown promising results for the contributions to both research questions. Finally, the proposed methodology is discussed in terms of genericity and seems to be applicable to a wide set of complex projects for decision support

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26

Náhlík, Martin. "Developerský projekt na rozparcelování pozemků pro rodinné domy v Prostějově." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-367515.

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This master´s thesis focuses on the design and realization of a property development project. This work describes the steps from the preliminary plan to the sale of an individual construction plot for construction. The primary objective of this master´s thesis is the evaluation of project efficiency.

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He, Jia Cong. "Analyzing risks in public-private partnership infrastructure projects using ISM and AHP methods." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3950676.

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Soares, Rogerio Alves. "A prescriptive framework using wiki tool to manage risks in information technology projects." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2016. http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1736.

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Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-21T15:47:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rogerio Alves Soares.pdf: 1327786 bytes, checksum: de2f81862b4cbcbbd363fb93a33eb36b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-16
A importância dos projetos de Tecnologia de Informação (TI) para os negócios aumentou e os resultados dos projetos impactam diretamente a estratégia e os lucros das empresas. Neste contexto, o processo de gerenciamento de risco pode ajudar gerentes de projeto a analisar as consequências das mudanças a serem feitas no objetivo e nas baselines dos projetos. O gerenciamento de riscos também permite aos gerentes de projetos a terem uma visão holística dos projetos. Apesar dos gerentes de projetos reconhecerem a importância do gerenciamento de riscos, muitos o fazem parcialmente, ou até mesmo não conseguem gerenciar os riscos devido às dificuldades diárias e à pressão do tempo. Plataformas wiki possuem algumas características herdadas das ferramentas Web 2.0 que podem ajudar gerentes de projetos no gerenciamento de riscos. Wikis também podem ajudar gerentes de projeto a envolver suas equipes e stakeholders nas discussões, na divulgação e no monitoramento dos riscos. Esta dissertação propõe um framework, chamado Wiki for Risk Management (W4RM), a ser adotado em gerenciamento riscos de projetos de TI. A pesquisa foi dividida em três estágios: revisão de literatura, grupo focal e entrevistas conduzidas a partir de abordagem metodológica construtivista. Esta pesquisa concluiu que gerentes de projetos enfrentam uma série de dificuldades ao gerenciarem, dificuldades estas já apontadas em por outros autores na área de gerenciamento de projetos. Os resultados indicam que devido às estas dificuldades, gerentes de projetos não conseguem gerenciar riscos em seus projetos como esperado. Uma importante contribuição desta pesquisa para a teoria é uma robusta análise dos problemas existente no gerenciamento de riscos. Outra contribuição teórica é o framework proposto para gerenciamento de riscos em projetos de TI. Uma contribuição para a prática é que o framework W4RM pode ser usado por profissionais em gerenciamento de projetos.
The importance of Information Technology (IT) projects for business is increasing and project results directly impact organizations’ strategy and performance. In this scenario, risk management processes can help project managers to analyze the consequences of changes on project goals and baselines. By managing risks, project managers can have a holistic view of projects. Despite project managers recognizing the importance of risk management, many of them only manage risks partially or even, skip this process due to daily difficulties and time pressure. Wiki platforms have some characteristics and principles inherited from Web 2.0 tools that can be useful when adopted on risk management. Wikis can help project managers evolve their teams and stakeholders on the process of identifying, reporting and monitoring risks on projects. This thesis proposes a framework - the Wiki for Risk Management (W4RM) - that can be used on risk management in IT projects. The process of designing the framework was divided into three stages: literature review, one focus group and interviews based on a constructivist methodological approach. This research points out that professionals face a series of difficulties as they engage on risk management, as previously argued by other authors on project management research area. Due to these difficulties, project managers are not able to manage risks as expected. An important theoretical contribution of this research is the robust analysis existing issues on risk management in IT settings. Another contribution of this thesis is the proposed framework for risk management for IT projects. For managerial implication of this research the W4RM framework that can be used by practitioners on project management.

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Merna, Tony. "Investigation of the agreement and the risks for build-own-operate-transfer projects." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1992. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488237.

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Baghdadi, Ahmad Mohammadhasan A. "The allocation of risks in the Saudi Arabian domestic and regional aviation construction projects." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2437.

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Airports projects, amongst other construction projects, are considered very complex as they face a number of challenges that inevitably cause them to become exposed to risks. In Saudi Arabia, the sector of aviation is considered an important sector owing to the fact that, on an annual basis, it is recognised as the first destination for Muslims. However, it has been found that projects continue to be delivered with a significant number of time and cost overruns. Moreover, the absence of a risk allocation framework has been identified. Hence, the aim of the research underpinning this thesis is to develop a framework detailing how such risks can be allocated properly in the specific context of aviation construction projects in Saudi Arabia. A robust methodology that been designed and outlined in the research—which notably includes the use of semi-structured interviews and questionnaires with highly experienced senior project managers representing GACA, their contractors and consultants. The aim of conducting the interviews was twofold. Firstly, to identify risks associated with GACA construction projects. Secondly, to examine the risk allocation practice that is been carried by GACA. While, the questionnaire method was adopted to identify the importance of the risks identified, based on quantifying each risks’ probability of occurrence and impact. In addition, to test the perception of risk allocation within GACA construction projects. As a result, Fifty-four risks are associated with the construction of aviation projects in Saudi Arabia, with the decision on such an allocation of risks within GACA found to be based on a number of criteria that are subjective in nature, such as the authority of project managers, experience from different projects and so on, coupled with the absence of well-defined principles of risks allocation. Importantly, a number of risks have been found to have undecided allocation, with no allocation on any risk found to be shared amongst parties. A framework of risk allocation was developed in an effort to replace the current practice applied within GACA and their projects. This framework is presented in flow chart to make it easy to follow its steps. It incorporates a well-defined strategy that imposes GACA, as a client, to perform a solid risk management practice, taking into consideration the best practice of risk- allocation principles. It further allows GACA contractors to make their decision on whether the allocation made by GACA should be accepted, or alternatively whether to withdraw from the bidding otherwise. As a means of validating the framework, a number of interviews were carried out with professionals representing GACA, contractors and consultants. The research is the first of its nature to focus on an existing problems of risk allocation practice within the aviation sector in the country and accordingly solving these problems by introducing a framework for a proper allocation of risks. In this sense, the study is believed to make a contribution to knowledge as it provides a tool from which GACA can benefit with regards their current issue of risks-allocation.

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Ranasinghe, Kulatilaka Arthanayake Malik Kumar. "Analytical method for quantification of economic risks during feasibility analysis for large engineering projects." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30777.

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The objectives of this thesis are to develop an analytical method for economic risk quantification during feasibility analysis for large engineering projects and to computerize the method to explore its behavior, to validate it and to test its practicality for the measurement of uncertainty of decision variables such as project duration, cost, revenue, net present value and internal rate of return. Based on the probability of project success the method can be utilized to assist on strategic feasibility analysis issues such as contingency provision, "go-no go" decisions and adopting phased or fast track construction. The method is developed by applying a risk measurement framework to the project economic structure. The risk measurement framework is developed for any function Y = g(X), between a derived variable and its correlated primary variables. Using a variable transformation, it transforms the correlated primary variables and the function to the uncorrelated space. Then utilizing the truncated Taylor series expansion of the transformed function and the first four moments of the transformed uncorrelated variables it approximates the first four moments of the derived variable. Using these first four moments and the Pearson family of distributions the uncertainty of the derived variable is quantified as a cumulative distribution function. The first four moments for the primary variables are evaluated from the Pearson family of distributions using accurate, calibrated and coherent subjective percentile estimates elicited from experts. The correlations between the primary variables are elicited as positive definite correlation matrices. The project economic structure describes an engineering project in three hierarchical levels, namely, work package/revenue stream, project performance and project decision. Each of these levels can be described by Y = g(X), with the derived variables of the lower levels as the primary variables for the upper level. Therefore, the input as expert judgements is only at the work package/revenue stream level. Project duration is estimated by combining the generalized PNET algorithm to the project economic structure. This permits the evaluation of the multiple paths in the project network. Also, the limiting values of the PNET transitional correlation (0,1) permits the estimation of bounds on all of the derived variables. Project cost and revenue are evaluated in terms of current, total and discounted dollars, thereby emphasizing the economic effects of time, inflation and interest on net present value and internal rate of return. The internal rate of return is evaluated from a variation of Hillier's method. The analytical method is validated using Monte Carlo simulation. The validations show that the analytical method is a comprehensive and extremely economical alternative to Monte Carlo simulation for economic risk quantification of large engineering projects. In addition, they highlight the ability of the analytical method to go beyond the capabilities of simulation in the treatment of correlation, which are seen to be significant in the application problems. From these applications a technique to provide contingencies based on the probability of project success and to distribute the contingency to individual work packages is developed.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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Svensson, Adam, and Anders Hoffman. "Allocation of Risks in PPP Projects : A Comparison of UK Standard Form and Swedish ABT 06." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-15319.

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Shah, Sumul Jitendra. "Mitigating the contractor's risks due to community involvement and behavioral issues in hazardous waste remediation projects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40568.

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Basson, Delton Jade. "Managing infrastructure risks in information communication technology outsourced projects : a case study at Transnet, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2535.

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Thesis (MTech (Information Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
The balance between the dependency on Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and reducing costs has led to an increase in ICT outsourcing in many organisations. ICT outsourcing has benefits, but organisations have limited knowledge on information security and risks when outsourcing these functions. A lack of information security knowledge or a poor organisational risk culture carries the risk of project failure and security breaches. It is unclear how to manage information risks through the usage of ICT infrastructure risk management when outsourcing ICT projects, and this exposes organisations to ICT security risks. The aim of the study is to explore how a selected transport organisation can manage information risks through the usage of infrastructure risk management when outsourcing ICT projects. Two primary research questions are posed namely, “what information risks does the ICT department manage when outsourcing ICT projects?”, and “how can the ICT department protect their information through the usage of infrastructure risk management against ICT security threats when outsourcing ICT?” To answer these two questions, a study was conducted at a transport organisation in South Africa. A subjective ontological and interpretivist epistemological stance has been adopted and an inductive research approach was followed. The research strategy was a case study. Data for this study was gathered through interviews (17 in total) using semi-structured questionnaires. Data collected were transcribed, summarised, and categorised to provide a clear understanding of the data. For this study, forty findings and eight themes were identified. The themes are ICT outsourcing, information risks, costs, ICT vendor dependency, vendor access and management, risk management, user awareness, and frameworks. Guidelines are proposed, comprising six primary components. The results point to gaps that need to be addressed to ensure that information is protected when outsourcing ICT projects. Measures need to be put in place and communication has to be improved among operating divisions. The findings lead to questions such as, ““how does business create an ICT security culture to ensure that information is protected at all times”, and “does vendor access management really get the necessary attention it requires?” Further studies on human behaviour towards ICT security is needed to ensure the protection of organisations against security risks.

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Melchiori, Sergio Luis Mattos. "Fatores condicionantes na retomada das atividades críticas da empresa: um estudo de caso em projetos de continuidade de negócios." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2017. http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1751.

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This study aimed to understand the conditioning factors that influence the effective recovery of the organization's critical activities. This research was done through a case study with exploratory type and qualitative and descriptive approach, with twenty business continuity professionals in a multinational insurance company. It was identified in the literature eight factors that influence the recovery of critical activities and their respective importance within the context of a business continuity project, and the factor simulated exercises was consider the least important and the business continuity plan the most important factor in the recovery of the company's activities. It was observed that the employees of the company’s case study, despite the support of senior management, had a low confidence in the resumption of critical activities, which is basically due to the factors: simulated exercises, which are not realistic enough; awareness programs, which does not include all those involved with business continuity; and the business continuity plan, which does not clearly show the resources and strategies that the company has in a holistic way.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar os fatores condicionantes que influenciam uma eficaz retomada das atividades críticas da organização. Esta pesquisa foi feita por meio de um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa e descritiva do tipo exploratória, com vinte profissionais do ramo de continuidade de negócios de uma empresa multinacional do ramo de seguros. Identificou-se na literatura oito fatores condicionantes que influenciam a retomada das atividades críticas de uma empresa. Em seguida mediu-se suas respectivas importâncias no contexto de um projeto de continuidade de negócios. O fator condicionante exercícios simulados foi o fator menos importante e o plano de continuidade de negócios o fator mais importante na retomada das atividades críticas da empresa. Observou-se que os funcionários da empresa do estudo de caso, apesar do apoio da alta gestão, possuíam uma baixa confiança na retomada das atividades críticas, o que se deveu basicamente pelos fatores: exercícios simulados, que não são realistas o suficiente; programas de conscientização, que não engloba todos os envolvidos com continuidade de negócios; e o plano de continuidade de negócios, que não mostra claramente os recursos e estratégias que a empresa dispõe de uma forma holística.

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Abdullah, Habib S. N. H. "Critical success factors and contractual risks for Private Finance 2 (PF2) projects implementing Building Information Modelling (BIM)." Thesis, University of Salford, 2017. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/44238/.

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Private Finance 2 (PF2) projects involved multiple stakeholders engaged in various contract structures, and numerous stages from initiation to operation in lengthy contract duration. Such situation cause complexity to PF2 projects, which may expose the projects to risks mainly related to collaborative networking, information integration, and contractual relationships. The emergence of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the construction industry is an immense achievement that can potentially assist the industry players to mitigate risks in PF2 projects. Notwithstanding such benefits, BIM also exposes its users to contractual risks when the barriers in sharing information are reduced. Therefore, this study investigates the key contractual risks and the strategies to mitigate the risks for PF2 projects implementing BIM. The study also considers the critical success factors (CSFs) for PF2 projects implementing BIM as these are the aspects underlying the mitigating strategies. Subsequently, this study develops a conceptual framework of contractual risks management for PF2 projects implementing BIM. The study is within the pragmatism philosophy; therefore it employs concurrent embedded mixed method strategy that combines qualitative and quantitative approaches. There are two stages of the study. At the first stage, data were collected through literature review, questionnaire survey and unstructured interviews with the industry experts. The results were then used to develop the preliminary conceptual framework of contractual risks management. In the second stage of the study, semi-structured interviews were carried out with the industry experts to validate the conceptual framework. Content analysis, thematic analysis, and mind mapping methods were used for the analysis of the qualitative data; whereas, descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were used for the analysis of the quantitative data. These have lead to the development of a holistic conceptual framework that illustrates the interconnection of the CSFs, contractual risks and the risks management strategies. The study suggests fourteen CSFs for PF2 projects implementing BIM. Five CSFs are considered as the most dominant, which are: (1) systematic workflows, coordination and integration; (2) good understanding on BIM; (3) technical competence; (4) robust and clear contractual provisions; and (5) effective collaboration among the project participants. In relation to this, the study also identifies eighteen BIM risk factors that can give significant impact towards PF2 projects, most of which are related to contractual issues and BIM competency. The study reveals twenty-two contractual risks for PF2 projects implementing BIM which are related to (1) information management; (2) data reliance; (3) status of BIM model; (4) intellectual property rights; and (5) liability issues. Twenty-four strategies to manage the contractual risks were identified by the study. Based on the findings, the study implies that the PF2 projects implementing BIM require seamless and collaborative contractual instrument that is able to link all stages in the project delivery, to make the project contractually organised for a lengthy period of time, and to sustain collaborative environment throughout the project duration. The conceptual framework suggested in this study is considered relevant for implementation to meet the needs of PF2 projects implementing BIM as it would help the Clients and PF2 Contractors in the process of negotiating and drafting their contractual provisions. The study is original as it addresses the use of BIM from the contractual perspective, through the lens of PF2 projects.

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Schoonwinkel, Sune. "A risk and cost management model for changes during the construction phase of a civil engineering project." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20312.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The construction project environment is dynamic and prone to change. Project change can be defined as any event that alters a project’s original scope, execution time or the cost of the works. Improper management of the projects’ changes could therefore adversely impact on the actual cost and duration of the project which may lead to project cost overruns and even claims and legal disputes. During the construction phase of a project, change affects every aspect of productivity – the planned schedules and deadlines, work methodology, resource procurement, as well as the budget and thus it could prevent the achievement of the project objectives. A project manager, therefore, wants to limit the number of change to a project. However, during a construction project there may be quite a number of changes. Managing a construction project is difficult, in that all the relevant information is rarely available at the initial stage of a project to enable one to plan and design the project accurately and make the best possible decisions. As information becomes available during the construction phase of the project, it can lead to various changes. Design errors or variations, unforeseen site conditions and vagueness in the original scope are but some of the reasons for change. No matter the size of the change, each alteration to the works has a cost, time and risk implication. Due to tight time constraints on most projects, every change requires quick, robust decision making, so as not to delay the project, which therefore results in changes not being comprehensively evaluated. Decisions are often made on intuition or experience, without an assessment of the risks involved or the influence on the cost of the project and without applying well-known project management techniques. The aim of this research was to determine what a change management process for a civil engineering project should look like, specifically the cost and risk management of changes. It investigated the current state of change management of construction projects in practice, by doing a case study and various interviews with project managers. Based on the findings of the research and the industry requirements, a model was developed for managing the costs and risks of changes. The Model was validated by means of an expert evaluation review. The change management model developed as part of this thesis can be used to analyse the cost, time and quality impact of the change, and to do a detailed risk assessment. The Model also reviews the proposed change in order to determine whether the change is necessary. It is a generic tool that can be used by engineers and their project team to enhance the management of changes that happens during the construction phase of a project for any civil construction project.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die konstruksie omgewing is dinamies en geneig tot verandering. Projek verandering kan gedefinieer word as enige gebeurtenis wat die projek se aanvanklike omvang verander of lei to verlenging van die tydsduur of vermeerdering van die koste van die projek. Wanbestuur van projek veranderinge kan ‘n nadelige impak op die projek kostes en tydsduur hê wat kan lei tot oorskryding van die begroting en selfs eise en regsdispute. Verandering kan elke aspek van produktiwiteit tydens die konstruksie fase van ‘n projek affekteer. Dit affekteer die beplande skedules, spertye, werk metodologie, hulpbron bestuur, asook die begroting. Dus kan dit verhoed dat die projek doelwitte bereik word. ‘n Projek bestuurder wil daarom die hoeveelheid en omvang van veranderinge beperk. ‘n Konstruksie projek kan egter heelwat veranderinge ondergaan. Om ‘n konstruksie projek te bestuur is moeilik aangesien al die relevante informasie selde beskikbaar is tydens die begin fases van ‘n projek wat nodig is om die beplanning en ontwerp van die projek so akuraat moontlik te doen en die regte besluite te neem. Soos informasie beskikbaar raak tydens die konstruksie fase van die projek, lei dit dikwels to verskeie veranderinge. Ontwerp foute of variasies, onvoorsiene terrein toestande en onduidelikheid oor die projek omvang is van die redes vir veranderinge. Ongeag die grootte van die verandering het elke wysiging tot die projek ‘n koste, tyd en riskiko implikasie. As gevolge van tydsbeperkinge vereis elke verandering vinnige en kragtige besluitneming om sodoende nie die projek te vertraag nie. Dit lei daartoe dat veranderinge nie omvattend geëvalueer word nie. Besluite word dikwels geneem op intuïsie of ervaring, sonder 'n beoordeling van die risiko's wat betrokke is of die bepaling van die invloed op die koste van die projek, en sonder die toepassing van erkende projek bestuur tegnieke. Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om vas te stel hoe 'n verandering bestuur proses moet lyk vir ‘n siviele ingenieurswese projek, spesifiek die koste en risiko bestuur van die verandering. Die huidige stand van verandering bestuur van konstruksie projekte in die praktyk is ondersoek deur middel van 'n gevallestudie en verskeie onderhoude met die projek bestuurders. 'n Model is ontwikkel vir die bestuur van die koste en risiko's van veranderinge gebaseer op die bevindinge van die navorsing en ook die vereistes van die bedryf. Die model is getoets met behulp van evaluering deur professionele ingenieurs. Die verandering bestuur model wat ontwikkel is as deel van hierdie proefskrif kan gebruik word om die koste, tyd en kwaliteit impak van ‘n verandering te analiseer, asook om 'n omvattende risiko assessering te doen. Die model hersien ook die voorgestelde verandering om te bepaal of die verandering nodig is. Dit is 'n generiese hulpmiddel wat deur ingenieurs en hul projek span gebruik kan word vir die bestuur van die veranderinge wat tydens die konstruksie fase van siviele projekte plaasvind.

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Eklund, Sophie, and Daniel Gunnarsson. "The Rational Unified Process : A study on risk awareness." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik och datavetenskap, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1373.

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Introduction to problem: Many software development projects today have a tendency to fail on some level. Even though they may not fail entirely, they might be completed with schedule delays, budget overrun or with poor quality that do not meet the customer?s requirements. When a project fails in some way, it is because one or many project risks have occurred. Our own opinion in this matter is that if the project team members are more aware of the project?s risks, it might increase the probability of project success. Therefore, we wanted to explore the area of risk awareness. We contacted Volvo Information Technology AB and through discussions we decided to investigate risk awareness when using one of their software project methods. That method was the Rational Unified Process. This report has not been conducted because Volvo IT considers this to be a problem that they wanted to investigate. Instead, we wanted to investigate this since we find the area of risk awareness among project team members interesting and we were able to do this with help from Volvo IT. Even though we mention the term ?project success? in this report, we will not investigate this in the report. Hypothesis: ?By using the Rational Unified Process, a higher awareness of the risks can be achieved by all team members of the project? Aim: The aim of this report is to investigate if risk awareness among project team members increases when software development projects make use of the Rational Unified Process. Method: We have used a web-based questionnaire to gather information. Four projects at Volvo Information Technology AB were contacted and asked to participate in the questionnaire. Two of these were using RUP and two did not use RUP. Personal e-mails were later sent out to each of the project managers with a description of the aim of our research and the way it would be carried out. The participants had a total of seven workdays to fill out the questionnaire. After seven days the site of the questionnaire were closed down. Conclusion: The differences in answers to certain questions have been rather significant between the two project methods. On the whole though, the answers have been positive for both project methods from a risk awareness point of view. Therefore, it seems to us that risk awareness is not dependent on the project method that is being used. We feel that we have not received enough convincing proof that members of RUP projects possess a higher awareness of project risks than non-RUP project members. Therefore we are of the opinion that we cannot verify our hypothesis.
Introduktion till problem: Många av dagens mjukvaru-projekt har en tendens till att misslyckas på ett eller annat sätt. Även om de inte misslyckas helt, kan det hända att de slutförs med förseningar, stora kostnader utanför budgetens ramar eller med otillräcklig kvalitet som inte motsvarar kundernas krav. Anledningen till att ett projekt misslyckas på något sätt är att en eller flera projekt-risker har inträffat. Vår åsikt i detta ämne är att om projekt-medlemmarna har högre medvetenhet om sitt projekts risker kan detta leda till en ökad sannolikhet att projektet "lyckas". Vi ville därför undersöka området risk-medvetenhet närmare. Vi kontaktade Volvo Information Technology AB och genom diskussioner bestämde vi oss för att undersöka risk-medvetenhet vid användandet av en av deras mjukvaru-projekts metoder. Denna metod var The Rational Unified Process. Denna rapport har inte genomförts på grund av att Volvo IT anser detta vara ett problem som de ville ha undersökt. Istället ville vi själva undersöka detta eftersom vi tycker att risk-medvetenhet bland projektets medlemmar är ett intressant område som borde undersökas. Vi kunde genomföra detta tack vare hjälp från Volvo IT. Även om vi nämner begreppet "lyckade projekt" i rapporten, kommer vi i rapporten inte att undersöka detta. Hypotes: "Genom att använda sig av the Rational Unified Process, kan man uppnå en högre risk-medvetenhet bland projektets samtliga medlemmar" Syfte: Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka om risk-medvetenheten bland projektets medlemmar ökar när mjukvaru-projekt använder sig av the Rational Unified Process. Metod: Vi har använt en web-baserad enkät för att samla information. Vi kontaktade fyra projekt på Volvo Information Technology AB och frågade om de ville medverka i vår enkät. Två av dessa projekt använde the Rational Unified Process och två gjorde det inte. Personliga e-mail skickades senare ut till varje projektledare med förklaring till syftet med undersökningen samt sättet den skulle genomföras på. Deltagarna hade totalt sju arbetsdagar att fylla i enkäten. Efter dessa sju dagar stängdes sidan med undersökningen. Slutsats: Skillnaden i svar på vissa av frågorna var ganska markanta mellan de två projekt metoderna. Dock, från ett risk-medvetenhets perspektiv, var svaren på det hela taget positiva för båda projekt metoderna. Därför verkar det som att risk-medvetenhet inte är beroende av vilken projekt-metod som används. Vi anser oss inte ha tillräckliga belägg för att medlemmar av projekt som använder the Rational Unified Process besitter en högre risk-medvetenhet än projekt som inte använder sig av denna metod. Vi anser därför att vi inte kan verifiera vår hypotes.
Sophie Eklund 0739-078698 Daniel Gunnarsson 0737-344243

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Mohamed, A. H. "Lean Construction as an innovative approach for minimising risks in Mega-Construction projects in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Salford, 2016. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/41644/.

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The past two decades have witnessed a rapid increase in construction projects within developing countries in the Middle Eastern Gulf region. This coincides with the governments' announcements regarding substantially increased spending on the improvement of infrastructure. Despite this increase, construction companies still face many challenges, including completing projects on time and within budgets, thus promoting a negative image of the industry in that region. The negative impact of the aforementioned challenges has been confirmed through (1) data collected from documents concerning completed construction projects in which the researcher has been professionally involved; (2) the researcher’s experience in the field of construction project management in the Middle East and risk management in particular; and (3) extensive study of the literature in this domain. This has identified a set of the most common problems associated with construction projects in one of the Gulf Area countries - the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) - and has led to them being categorised into three individual risk types, namely Construction Waste; Delayed Schedule; and Project Over Budget. Following a detailed identification and assessment of commonly implemented strategies and a study of the Lean Construction method as the “new” strategy introduced recently to the field, it is proposed that the Lean Construction method could lead to better results in solving these problems. To that end, the objectives of this study are (1) to develop a Lean Construction framework; and (2) to create a Lean Construction Assessment Tool. To achieve these objectives, the research work (a) investigates the linkages between Lean and risk management; (b) reviews the concept of Lean and its application to the construction industry in Saudi Arabia (c) analyses the barriers and success factors; and (d) identifies the benefits of Lean Construction within construction organisations in Saudi Arabia. To that end, the adopted research methodology involves both quantitative and qualitative mechanisms. The implementation plan is fourfold, namely (1) undertaking a comprehensive literature review of the construction domain; (2) implementing a survey instrument among KSA construction professionals concerning the Lean Construction method to identify the barriers to, and the successful aspects of, the Lean concept; (3) developing a framework and assessment tool through content analysis in order to provide a better understanding of the implementation process and the drivers of the Lean Construction method in the construction field; and (4) validating the proposed developed framework of Lean Construction and assessment tool through interviews and an online survey with experts within the construction industry. Among the main findings of this research is the lack of future strategic plans for the construction industry in terms of managing waste and risks in general and specially to KSA. The developed framework of the Lean implementation process highlights the necessity to understand the implementation of Lean Construction within construction organisations as well as the drivers for implementing Lean. It is hoped that the outcomes of this research study will have theoretical and practical significance for successful Lean implementation in construction organisations in KSA. Furthermore, it is intended to provide construction professionals with significant insights to help focus their efforts on value-adding work processes, resulting in better time management and money-saving strategies.

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Egery, Julian. "Economic Risks in the Agricultural Sectors of Emerging Economies: Smallholder Perspectives of Projects Based on Thailand’s ‘Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy’." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31176.

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Economic growth in emerging economies has been changing the livelihoods of many smallholders. Typically, disparity increases as economies emerge, and the agricultural sector experiences lower growth relative to other sectors. Growing inequalities and economic vulnerabilities during this critical period of development in emerging economies are often associated with social problems and political tensions, as this is the case in Thailand. In the latter, the Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy (SE) has been employed through the monarchy in a number of ways. Due to laws prohibiting critique of the monarchy, these projects are not fairly evaluated and the perspectives of smallholders affected are largely unknown. Knowledge on the effectiveness of Thailand’s Philosophy of SE in combating the disparity problem and economic vulnerability in the agricultural sectors of emerging economies was gained through semi-structured interviews. An organic farming project run by a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO), called ISAC follows the principles of Sufficiency Economy, and is located in the Mae Taeng district in the north of the province of Chiang Mai. A sample of 20 farmers from two villages (Don Chiang and San Pa Yang) who participate in the project was interviewed. Questions regarding age and education level of all family members also created a quantitative sample of 72 individuals. An epistemological framework based in critical realism was employed with the use of purposive interview sampling methods Results indicate that employing SE can help a select group of farmers to escape economic vulnerability. This group includes farmers in an older age group with sufficient land and access to guidance. The philosophy may help keep this group of farmers satisfied as the countries economy evolves. The project appears to be sustainable only in the short-term as younger generations seem to be reaching higher levels of education than their elders and are likely to pursue lives outside of agriculture. In addition, some benefits of farming with the principles of SE include, lower financial stress, improved health, and a better family life. Conversely, a decision to live by the principles of SE can lead to a stigmatization of farmers within their community, creating in-groups and out-groups.

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Hoermann, Stefan [Verfasser], Helmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Krcmar, and Gunther [Akademischer Betreuer] Friedl. "Risks in Enterprise Resource Planning Projects : Towards Understanding the Vendor’s Perspective / Stefan Hoermann. Gutachter: Helmut Krcmar ; Gunther Friedl. Betreuer: Helmut Krcmar." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1061126277/34.

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Kapambwe, Frank Chisanga. "An evaluation of the implications of equity foreign direct investment risks in BOT infrastructure projects for overseas contractors in sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553105.

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Governments in the sub-Saharan African region are facing enormous pressure to remedy the deficiencies in infrastructure facilities and to improve the efficiency of public services. However due to budgetary and fiscal constraints nearly all governments in the region are unable to raise the massive financing needed for large-scale investment in the rehabilitation and expansion of public infrastructure facilities and to achieve improvements in services provision. The rising demand for infrastructure facilities and public disenchantment as a result of the inefficiencies and poor services provision in the face of severe capital shortages have compelled many governments in the region to look to the private sector as a means of financing infrastructure development and public services provision to supplement public expenditure. The options for private financing and provision of infrastructure facilities and services is broad ranging from public sector provision to public/private partnership to fully privately owned and operated infrastructure. Concession contracts under the Build Operate and Transfer (BOT) option have become the popular and most widely applied method for financing the expansion, rehabilitation and raising the efficiency of infrastructure facilities and public services provision in sub-Saharan Africa. The required debt and equity finance for BOT projects in sub-Saharan Africa is raised from abroad due to undeveloped financial markets. Overseas construction organisations have been the prime investors of the equity finance; the essential requirement for raising the necessary debt finance for the implementation of BOT infrastructure projects in the region. This research reviews the potential of equity foreign direct investment in BOT infrastructure projects in sub-Saharan Africa and identifies and evaluates the major risks of investing in such projects in the region. The research shows that that project specific risks (including cost overruns, design and technical and construction related delays and risks, operational risks and the uncertainty of the revenue stream) and country risks (including political, economic, financial payment, legal, corruption and market risks) are the greatest challenge facing overseas construction firms seeking to invest in BOT projects in sub-Saharan Africa. The research develops a framework within which overseas contractors seeking to invest in BOT infrastructure projects can identify, evaluate and manage these risks. The equity foreign direct investment risk management process model has been developed. using the fundamentals of the standard risk management process and the flow chart technique. The model captures and evaluates the risks with the view of putting in place suitable and effective countermeasures. An evaluation of the model demonstrates that it can be a useful tool for managing equity foreign direct investment risks from the early stages when the critical decisions to invest in a project are being made up to and including the operating stage of the facility. It provides a foundation that could be applied on BOT projects in sub-Saharan Africa in general.

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SILVA, Fabiana Leonel Ambrosio da. "Análise do Impacto do Gerenciamento de Riscos no Sucesso de Projetos: Um Estudo de Caso em uma Organização de Desenvolvimento de Software." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2017. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/19689.

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A falha na condução dos projetos de software é um assunto que sempre foi uma preocupação para a engenharia de software. Muitas são as iniciativas em melhoria de processo no desenvolvimento de software e gerenciamento de projetos que buscam reduzir estas falhas. Os projetos de software são complexos por natureza e estão sujeitos a uma série de incertezas. Conhecer estas variáveis pode ajudar aos gestores a tomar decisões de forma eficaz e conduzir o projeto ao sucesso. Mesmo com todas as iniciativas para que os projetos tenham sucesso, as incertezas sempre existirão. Essa constatação faz com que a área de gerência de riscos tenha uma importância significativa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma análise do impacto do gerenciamento dos riscos no sucesso de projetos de software. A implantação das melhorias no processo de gerenciamento de risco objetivaram também atender aos modelos de maturidade CMMI e MPS.BR. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma organização de desenvolvimento de software. Durante o estudo de caso, a criação de um repositório de riscos organizacionais foi realizada e alimentada com cinco projetos. Um dos desafios deste trabalho foi definir conceitos e medidas objetivas para avaliar os eventos associados com o gerenciamento de riscos e com o sucesso de projetos. Uma avaliação preliminar em 15 (quinze) projetos finalizados foi realizada para entender como o gerenciamento dos riscos de cada um desses projetos, impactou no seu sucesso.
The failure of conducting software projects is an issue that becomes a concern for Software Engineering. There are many initiatives to reach process improvement in software development that intend to reduce these failures. The software projects are complex by nature and are subject to a number of uncertainties. Knowing these variables can help managers take decisions to effectively lead the project to success. Even with all these initiatives for projects to succeed, uncertainties exist. This observation means risk management has significant importance. The goal of this work was to analyze the impact of risk management on the success of software projects. The implementation of improvements in the risk management process also aimed to meet the CMMI maturity models and MPS.BR. In this direction, a case study in a software development organization was conducted. During the case study, a repository with organizational risks was the created and fed with the risks from five projects. One of this work's challenges was to define concepts and accurate measures to assess the events associated with the risk management and project success. A preliminary assessment within fifteen (15) completed projects was performed in order to understand how risk management impact on their success

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Ратушняк, О. Г., та O. G. Ratushnyak. "Управління ризиками в інноваційних енергозберігаючих проектах". Thesis, ПВНЗ «Київський інститут бізнесу і технологій», 2012. http://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7130.

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В тезах розглянуто актуальність управління ризиками в інноваційних енергозберігаючих проектах. Проаналізовано основні ризики, які виникають в енергозберігаючих проектах. Наведено основні етапи управління ризиками в проектах.
В тезисах рассмотрены актуальность управления рисками в инновационных энергосберегающих проектах. Проанализированы основные риски, которые возникают в энергосберегающих проектах. Приведены основные этапы управления рисками в проектах.
In theses examined the relevance of risk management in innovative energy-saving projects. The basic risks that arise in the energy-saving projects. The basic steps of risk management in projects.

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AQUINO, Joás Tomaz de. "Proposta de avaliação de riscos financeiros em projetos inovadores: um estudo multicaso de empresas de tecnologia da informação do Porto Digital em Pernambuco." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18615.

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FACEPE
Um dos primeiros passos para o sucesso dos projetos é a correta identificação e classificação dos fatores de risco que possuem impacto financeiro substancial. Pois, nesta fase ainda é possível a criação de modelos de gerenciamento de risco mais adaptativos e a criação de estratégias para a mitigação das perdas financeiras subjacentes. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é propor uma metodologia de avaliação dos riscos financeiros presentes em projetos inovadores realizados por empresas desenvolvedoras de software do Porto Digital. Este local foi escolhido por possuir empresas em essência mais inovadoras por florescerem em ambientes repletos de atividades de P&D e fazerem uso de tecnologias da informação para criação de novos produtos e processos. Buscando a criação de um diagnóstico quantitativo integrado dos sete fatores de risco identificados na literatura (relacionados ao planejamento, ações externas, capital financeiro, requisitos técnicos, mão de obra, execução, suporte e cronograma), foi utilizada uma metodologia com as seguintes etapas: (1) utilização do método Non-Traditional Capital Investment Criteria (NCIC) para identificação dos fatores de riscos críticos nos projetos com base na perda financeira proporcionada; (2) classificação dos riscos com base em matrizes de riscos; e (3) a realização da simulação do valor presente líquido agregado do projeto, finalizando com a análise pós-simulação. A metodologia mostrou-se adequada para a análise de projetos inovadores estudados por permitir a quantificação do impacto dos riscos, apoiando a tomada de decisão no planejamento de resposta aos mesmos. Apesar de cada projeto possuir natureza inovativa diferente, no geral foi identificado que o fator de risco relacionado às questões financeiras esteve presente em todos os projetos, ora em primeiro ora em segundo plano. Outro elemento pertinente verificado foi aquele relacionado ao planejamento e estimação dos benefícios que podem ser gerados pelo projeto, revelando a importância do processo de planejamento da inovação. Isto é, no momento de seleção de ideias e na verificação da viabilidade inicial do projeto, sobretudo, naqueles com maior grau de inovação. Enquanto o atendimento ao cronograma teve maior impacto no projeto de inovação incremental, riscos associados às questões técnicas não se mostraram expressivas nos projetos. Sob o ponto de vista do controle gerencial exercido foram identificados gaps demonstrando que se faz necessário repensar sobre como os projetos são conduzidos sob o ponto de vista de gestão e estabelecer novas estratégias de mitigação ou prevenção. Foi identificado também que os projetos A2 e A3 eram viáveis quando analisados apenas sob a ótica tradicional do seu VPL, mas quando são inseridos os fatores de risco relacionados ao planejamento, financeiro e cronograma, os projetos deixaram de ser viáveis, já que os seu valores presente líquidos agregados mostraram-se negativos. Isso revela a pertinência e a sensibilidade da análise multicritério na análise de investimentos complexos como aqueles estudados.
One of the first steps of project’s success is the correct identification and classification of risk factors with substantial financial impact. Since at this stage still allowed the creation of more adaptive risks management models and the creation of strategies to mitigate underlying financial losses. Therefore, the aim of this study is to create an evaluation of financial risks present proposal on innovative projects performed by software development companies at Porto Digital. This place of study was chosen because includes the most innovative companies in essence, by flourish in environments filled with research and development activities and make use of information technology on the process of creation of new products and processes. Searching for the creation of a quantitative diagnosis that integrates the seven risk factors identified on literature was used a methodology that follows this three steps: (1) using the NonTraditional Capital Investment Criteria method (NCIC) to identify critical risk factors on projects based on financial loss provided; (2) risks classification based on risk matrixes; and (3) the present liquid value simulation aggregated to the project, ending with the post-simulation analysis. The methodology proved itself adequate to innovative projects analysis by allowing to quantify the risks impacts on them, supporting the decision making process on planning the response to it. Although each project possess a different innovative nature, in general, it was identified that the risk factor related to financial issues was present in all of the projects, both on first or second plan. Another relevant element verified was the one related to planning and the estimation of benefits that can be generated by the project, revealing the importance of the innovative planning process. That is, the moment of the ideas selection and initial viability verification, especially on a higher degree of innovation projects. While the compliance schedule has higher impact on incremental innovative projects. Risks associated with the technical issues were not effective. From the point of view of management control, were identified gaps demonstrating that it is necessary rethink about the conduction of projects from the management angle and establish new strategies for mitigation or prevention. It has also been identified that projects A2 and A3 was viable only when analyzed under the traditional optical of theirs NPV, however when the risk factors are inserted, related to planning, financial and schedule, the projects are no longer viable with the aggregated NPV to become negative. This shows the relevance and sensitivity of the multi-criteria analysis on complexes investments analysis as studied here.

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Awambu, Anozie Ikechukwu. "Power financing in a receding global economy : can capacity short countries enhance the viability of projects without exposure to contingent liabilities for market risks?" Thesis, University of Dundee, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505611.

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Васильцова, Світлана Олександрівна. "Формування та оцінювання портфеля реальних інноваційно-інвестиційних проектів на переробних підприємствах". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2012. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/35259.

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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата економічних наук за спеціальністю 08.00.04 – економіка та управління підприємствами (за видами економічної діяльності). – Національний технічний університет «ХПІ», Харків, 2012. У дисертації обґрунтовано та розроблено засади формування портфеля інноваційно-інвестиційних проектів на підприємствах фармацевтичного профілю та поглиблено існуючі теоретико-методичні підходи до проведення інноваційної діяльності. Розроблено методичний інструментарій для розгляду проектних пропозицій, обчислення ефекту участі у проекті підприємства, організації та соціально-економічного ефекту проектів, що пропонуються. Укладено покрокові методичні рекомендації щодо підготовки формалізованої інформації, придатної для автоматизації процесів формування портфеля. Викладено вимоги до формування інноваційно-інвестиційного портфеля, надано рекомендації щодо створення його електронного профілю. Розроблено інструментарій для вибору ефективного портфеля проектів з використанням трьох компонент, який дозволить вирішувати задачі формування та оптимізації двох типів – для портфелів, склад яких не передбачає дискретних ризиків, та для портфелів, у складі яких наявні проекти з дискретними ризиками, зокрема з ризиком поразкового результату науково-дослідної діяльності, який спричиняє припинення проекту.
Dissertation for the awarding of scientific degree of candidate of economic sciences of the specialty 08.00.04 – economy and management of enterprises (by the types of economic activity). – National Technical University «KPI», Kharkiv, 2012. The principles of forming the portfolio of innovative and investment projects on any pharmaceutical enterprises were grounded and developed, and an existent theoretical and methodical approaches for realization of innovative activities were developed in the dissertation. Some methodical tools for consideration of designed offers, for the estimation of an effect of enterprise participation in a project and general social and economic effect of offered projects were developed. The “step by step” methodological recommendations of preparation of the formalized information, suitable for automation of processes of forming a portfolio were determined. The standards to formation of an innovative and investment portfolio were described and the recommendations for the creation of its electronic profile were offered. The tool with use of three components to choose an efficient investment portfolio was developed. It will let to solve the two types problems of formation and optimization – for any portfolio which don’t include any discrete risks and for any portfolio which have projects with some discrete risks, related for instance with negative results of scientific and research activity which may lead to the project closure.

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Eichler, Flavio Alberto V. "Avaliação do impacto do gerenciamento de riscos de TI no desempenho financeiro das empresas : uma análise empírica entre empresas abertas brasileiras." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/163646.

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Considerando a importância da TI no ambiente de negócios e os riscos inerentes ao emprego dessa tecnologia, este estudo visa buscar evidências de melhoria de desempenho de empresas com a realização de gerenciamento de riscos de TI (GRTI). A pesquisa em curso seguiu a metodologia da Hipótese de Eficiência de Mercado, na sua forma semiforte, isto é, utilizando o método de janela de eventos. Com essa metodologia estimaram-se os retornos anormais na valorização das ações de empresas, oriundos da publicação de eventos de GRTI pelas empresas de capital aberto brasileiras, obtidos a partir do site da BMF&BOVESPA. Foram analisadas todas as empresas listadas em todo o período disponível no site, isto é, de 2003 até 2016, perfazendo um total aproximado de 400 empresas em cada ano. Essa análise utilizou ferramentas de busca do próprio site para encontrar anualmente todos os documentos que contivessem menção à palavra risco. Todos os documentos públicos obtidos com essa filtragem foram examinados detalhadamente para identificar evidências de que a empresa realizou, pela primeira vez, ações de GRTI, isto é, de que a empresa anunciou ao mercado que o GRTI passou a fazer parte de suas rotinas operacionais e administrativas. Depois dessa análise pormenorizada de todos os documentos publicados por essas empresas no site da BMF&BOVESPA, chegou-se a 22 empresas que evidenciaram ao mercado que fazem GRTI. Essas 22 empresas foram examinadas à luz da metodologia de janela de eventos. Os resultados obtidos indicam que, no cenário brasileiro, não é possível afirmar que o GRTI traz uma melhora no desempenho financeiro das empresas, uma vez que a hipótese nula de alteração do valor do retorno das ações não foi invalidada. Infere-se que o mercado não percebe uma diferença de valor nas ações dessas empresas, em função dos eventos de GRTI. Com intuito de suportar teoricamente esta pesquisa, foram reunidas as principais pesquisas em governança de TI e GRTI e relacionando-as a um desempenho financeiro empresarial.
Considering the importance of IT in the business environment and the risks inherent in the use of this technology, this study aims to seek evidence of improved performance of companies with IT Risk Management (ITRM). The research followed the methodology of the Market Efficiency Hypothesis, in its semi-strong-form, that is, using the event window method. This methodology was used to estimate the abnormal returns on the valuation of companies' shares, resulting from the publication of ITRM events by Brazilian publicly traded companies, obtained from the BMF&BOVESPA website. All listed companies were analyzed throughout the period available on the site, that is, from 2003 to 2016, approximately 400 companies in each year. This analysis used search tools from the site itself to find annually all documents that contained mention to the word risk. All public documents obtained by this filtering were examined in detail to identify evidence that the company held, for the first time, ITRM actions. That is, the company announced that ITRM became part of their administrative and operational routines. After this detailed analysis of all documents published by these companies from Brazilian stock exchange, 22 companies evidenced to the market that do ITRM. These 22 companies were examined under the event window methodology. The results indicate that, in the Brazilian scenario, it is not possible to affirm that the ITRM brings an improvement in companies’ financial performance, since the null hypothesis of change shares’ return values was not negated. It is inferred that the market does not notice a difference in these companies’ share values due to ITRM events. In order to theoretically support this research, the main studies in IT governance and ITRM were gathered and related to a business financial performance.

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Park, Sang-Jeong. "Investigation of factors influencing the determination of discount rate in the economic evaluation of mineral development projects." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11292009-082936/.

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50

Dunne, Elena S. "Project risk management| Developing a risk framework for translation projects." Thesis, Kent State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3618898.

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In the current global business environment many endeavors are undertaken as projects. Translation, localization and other language services are no exception and must be viewed and studied as services performed in a projectized environment. If they are not, there will continue to be gaps between the way translation is taught and researched (as an isolated activity) and how it is performed in the business world (as part of projects). The existence of these gaps not only prevents translation practitioners from recognizing and communicating the value of the service that they provide, but also diminishes the value of the training that future translators receive. Lack of understanding of the context in which translation is performed limits the opportunities for mutually beneficial cooperation between translation studies and other disciplines in the academic environment, and between organizations and divisions within a given organization in the business environment.

This study proposes to contribute to the research on translation in project contexts by examining risk management, which is an important area of focus for organizations and professionals in many sectors, but which is largely ignored in the language industry.

This study first provides an overview of the language industry, explores key concepts, such as risk, uncertainty, project management, risk management and maturity model, and explains the role and relevance of risk management in the language industry. It then reviews existing risk management frameworks developed by project management and risk management practitioners, including the framework developed by the Project Management Institute (PMI). Next, a model of risk sources developed specifically for application in translation and localization projects is presented and discussed. The theoretical discussion is followed by a case study in which PMI's project risk management framework is implemented and the proposed model of risk sources is applied in a real-world translation company. The description of the case study methodology is followed by observations of how the study was carried out and by a presentation and analysis of the results of the case study. The dissertation concludes by offering recommendations based on the findings of the case study and by examining possible future avenues of research.

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