Дисертації з теми "Projection de genre"

Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif de comprendre trois phénomènes de genre en entreprise au regard d’un seul modèle : le Modèle de la Projection de Genre (MPG). Le phénomène du plafond de verre (Kanter, 1977 ; Cook & Glass, 2014) met en avant deux explications cognitive à la sous-représentation des femmes aux postes de directrices : le Think Manager – Think Male (Schein, 1973, 1975) et le lack-of-fit model (Heilman, 1983). Les femmes ne posséderaient pas les bonnes caractéristiques pour devenir directrices, au contraire des hommes. Cependant, si les femmes se présentent avec les caractéristiques adéquates, elles vivront un effet de backlash (Rudman, 1998) : elles ne seront pas choisies pour être directrices car elles sont contre-normatives à leur groupe de genre. Le rôle des femmes (Eagly & Karau, 2002) n’est pas de diriger une entreprise ou une équipe. Néanmoins, sous certaines conditions, les femmes voient leurs chances d’obtenir un poste de directrice augmenter : c’est le phénomène de la falaise de verre (Ryan & Haslam, 2005). Lorsque l’entreprise est dans une position précaire, une femme et les caractéristiques féminines seront alors préférées pour diriger. De nouveaux, des explications cognitives sont avancées : Think Crisis – Think Female (Ryan et al., 2011 ; Gartzia et al., 2012) et Think Crisis – Think not Male (Bruckmuller & Branscombe, 2010 ; Ryan et al., 2011). Le MPG propose une seule explication cognitive et motivationnelle basée sur l’Approche de l’Identité Sociale (Haslam, 2004) et le Modèle de la Projection de l’Endogroupe (Wenzel et al., 2007) à ces trois phénomènes. Le MPG montrent que les hommes projettent plus de caractéristiques masculines sur le prototype du directeur que les femmes (Chapitre 3) et cette projection est modéré par la situation de l’entreprise (Chapitre 4). Et c’est cette élaboration du prototype du / de la directeur.rice qui permet l’évaluation d’un.e candidat.e conforme (Chapitre 3). Lorsqu’une femme est non conforme à son groupe de genre (Chapitre 5), nos résultats soutiennent partiellement la projection de genre comme mécanisme explicatif de l’effet de backlash. Néanmoins, cela ne semble pas être le cas pour un homme non conforme à son groupe de genre (Chapitre 6)
This dissertation aims to understand three gender phenomena in business with regard to a single model: the Gender Projection Model (GPM). The glass ceiling phenomenon (Kanter, 1977; Cook & Glass, 2014) puts forth two cognitive explanations for the underrepresentation of women in director positions: the Think Manager - Think Male (Schein, 1973, 1975) and the lack-of-fit model (Heilman, 1983). Women would not have the right characteristics to become managers, while men would. However, if women present themselves with the right characteristics, they will experience a backlash effect (Rudman, 1998): they will not be chosen to be directors because they are counter-normative to their gender group. The role of women (Eagly & Karau, 2002) is not to lead a company or a team. Nevertheless, under certain conditions, women's chances of obtaining a managerial position increase: this is the glass cliff phenomenon (Ryan & Haslam, 2005). When the company is in a precarious position, a woman and female charecteristics will be preferred to lead. Again, cognitive explanations are offered: Think Crisis - Think Female (Ryan et al., 2011; Gartzia et al., 2012) and Think Crisis - Think not Male (Bruckmuller & Branscombe, 2010; Ryan et al., 2011). MPG offers a single cognitive and motivational explanation based on the Social Identity Approach (Haslam, 2004) and the Ingroup Projection Model (Wenzel et al., 2007) to these three phenomena. The MPG shows that men project more masculine characteristics onto the manager prototype than women do (Chapter 3) and this projection is moderated by the company's situation (Chapter 4). And it is this elaboration of the prototype of the manager that allows the evaluation of a normative applicant (Chapter 3). When a woman is non-normative to her gender group (Chapter 5), our results partially support gender projection as an explanatory mechanism for the backlash effect. However, this does not seem to be the case for a gender non-normative man (Chapter 6)

La plupart des problématiques évoquées en esthétique au XXIe siècle tournent autour de la question du personnage de fiction. Dans ce cadre, cette étude essaie d'examiner comment les stratégies esthétiques et la poétique de la réception sont liées, à travers l'œuvre d'un auteur autrichien, Stefan Zweig, qui écrivit non seulement un grand nombre de récits fictionnels (essentiellement des nouvelles et romans), mais également des essais historiques et géographiques. Sa poétique du récit construit des situations de communication, comme le récit enchâssé, dans lesquelles le lecteur est invité à s'impliquer, face à un personnage dont les propres mots forment la seule version des faits racontés dans la fiction. Dans le même ordre d'idée, les personnages, qu'il soient héros de fiction ou de biographie, sont souvent placés dans une situation de crise, qui à la fois révèle une destinée intérieure et se présente comme une conséquence inéluctable de leurs actes. Tous les éléments de leur vie et de leur personnalité convergent donc, et s'expliquent les uns les autres, comme si les personnages de Zweig devenaient des êtres totalement cohérents. En conclusion, il semblerait que les personnages de biographie s'inscrivent dans les problématiques touchant également la fiction, et même qu'ils appartiennent à la catégorie des personnages de fiction ; il sera donc productif de leur appliquer les outils de la critique narrative, par exemple en ce qui concerne la perspective du lecteur et les mécanismes affectifs de projection
Most of the aesthetics questions of the XXIst century are focalised on the issue of fictional character. In this frame, this study try to examine how aesthetical strategies and poetics of reception are connected through the case of an austrian author, Stefan Zweig, who wrote not only a lot of fictional narratives (essentially short stories and novels), but also historical and geographical essays.His narrative poetic draw situations of communication, like framed narrative, in which the reader is invited to implicate himself, face to a character whose words are the only one version of fictional facts. In the same order of ideas, characters, in fiction or in biographies, are often placed in a critical situation, that reveals in the same time an inner destiny and unaffordable consequence of the way they act. So all elements of life and personnality are convergent, and can explain each other, as if Zweig's characters were totally coherent beings. To conclude, it appears that biographical characters have fictional problematics, and more, they belong to the category of fictional characters ; consequently, it is productive to apply to it the tools of narrative critic, for instance in the perspective of reader and affectives mecanisms of projection

Le groupe de Thompson projectif T est l'ensemble des homéomorphismes du bord du disque hyperbolique qui sont PSL2 (Z) par morceaux avec points de rupture rationnels. Pour un sous-groupe T de PSL2 (Z) on peut construire le sous-groupe Tr de T des homéomorphismes T par morceaux, et on se demande si la propriété fondamentale de T d'être de type défini est conservée. Cette étude dépend du genre de la surface associée à T. Le but principal de notre travail est de prouver qu'en genre nul, Tr est de présentation finie (Peter Green-berg a montré qu'en genre strictement positif Tr n'est pas de type fini). Nous commençons par conjuguer Tr à un groupe d'homéomorphismes affines par morceaux dont nous prouvons, à l'aide de groupes de Thompson classiques, qu'il est de type défini. Puis nous donnons une description combinatoire de Tr par des couples de forêts infinies, description qui nous permet de déterminer une présentation infinie régulière du groupe, puis une présentation finie
Thompson group T is the group of all piecewise projective homeomorphisms of the hyperbolic disk with rational breakpoints. For a subgroup of PSL2 (Z) we can construct a subgroup Tr of T, and we ask if the fundamental property of being of finite type is preserved. This study depends on the genus of the surface associated to T. The main goal of our study is to prove that, in genus 0, T is not finitely generated. We first conjugate T to a group of piecewise affine group of homeomorphisms, and we prove, with classical Thompson groups, that this group is of finite type. Then we give a combinatorial description of T with forests, which permits us to determine an infinite presentation of this group, and then a finite presentation

In this work we focused on methods to solve classification problems characterized by high dimensionality and low cardinality data. These features are relevant in bio-molecular data analysis and particularly in class prediction whith microarray data. Many methods have been proposed to approach this problem, characterized by the so called curse of dimensionality (term introduced by Richard Bellman (9)). Among them, gene selection methods, principal and independent component analysis, kernel methods. In this work we propose and we experimentally analyze two ensemble methods based on two randomized techniques for data compression: Random Subspaces and Random Projections. While Random Subspaces, originally proposed by T. K. Ho, is a technique related to feature subsampling, Random Projections is a feature extraction technique motivated by the Johnson-Lindenstrauss theory about distance preserving random projections. The randomness underlying the proposed approach leads to diverse sets of extracted features corresponding to low dimensional subspaces with low metric distortion and approximate preservation of the expected loss of the trained base classifiers. In the first part of the work we justify our approach with two theoretical results. The first regards unsupervised learning: we prove that a clustering algorithm minimizing the objective (quadratic) function provides a -closed solution if applied to compressed data according to Johnson-Lindenstrauss theory. The second one is related to supervised learning: we prove that Polynomials kernels are approximatively preserved by Random Projections, up to a degradation proportional to the square of the degree of the polynomial. In the second part of the work, we propose ensemble algorithms based on Random Subspaces and Random Projections, and we experimentally compare them with single SVM and other state-of-the-art ensemble methods, using three gene expression data set: Colon, Leukemia and DLBL-FL - i.e. Diffuse Large B-cell and Follicular Lymphoma. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Moreover, we observed a certain performance degradation of Random Projection methods when the base learners are SVMs with polynomial kernel of high degree.

Explaining the mechanism behind a genetic disease involves two phases, collecting and analyzing data associated to the disease, then interpreting those data in the context of biological systems. The objective of this dissertation was to develop a method of integrating complementary datasets surrounding any single biological process, with the goal of presenting the response to a signal in terms of a set of downstream biological effects. This dissertation specifically tests the hypothesis that computational projection methods overlaid with domain expertise can direct research towards relevant systems-level signals underlying complex genetic disease. To this end, I developed a software algorithm named Geneset Enrichment and Projection Displays (GSEPD) that can visualize multidimensional genetic expression to identify the biologically relevant gene sets that are altered in response to a biological process.

This dissertation highlights a problem of data interpretation facing the medical research community, and shows how computational sciences can help. By bringing annotation and expression datasets together, a new analytical and software method was produced that helps unravel complicated experimental and biological data.

The dissertation shows four coauthored studies where the experts in their field have desired to annotate functional significance to a gene-centric experiment. Using GSEPD to show inherently high dimensional data as a simple colored graph, a subspace vector projection directly calculated how each sample behaves like test conditions. The end-user medical researcher understands their data as a series of somewhat-independent subsystems, and GSEPD provides a dimensionality reduction for high throughput experiments of limited sample size. Gene Ontology analyses are accessible on a sample-to-sample level, and this work highlights not just the expected biological systems, but many annotated results available in vast online databases.

Le but principal de cette thèse de doctorat est l'étude de l'anneau de cohomologie du complément d'une courbe algébrique réduite dans le plan projectif pondéré complexe dont les composantes irréductibles sont des courbes rationnelles (avec ou sans points singuliers). En particulier, des représentants holomorphes (rationnels) sont obtenus pour les classes de cohomologie. Pour atteindre notre objectif, il est nécessaire de développer une théorie algébrique des courbes sur des surfaces avec des singularités quotient et d'étudier des techniques pour calculer certains invariants particulièrement utiles à travers des Q-résolutions plongées
The main goal of this PhD thesis is the study of the cohomology ring of the complement of a reduced algebraic curve in the complex weighted projective plane whose irreducible components are all rational (possibly singular) curves. In particular, holomorphic (rational) representatives are found for the cohomology classes. In order to achieve our purpose one needs to develop an algebraic theory of curves on surfaces with quotient singularities and study techniques to compute some particularly useful invariants by means of embedded Q-resolutions

Les principaux objets étudiés dans cette thèse sont les équations décrivant le morphisme de groupe sur une variété abélienne, plongée dans un espace projectif, et leurs applications en cryptographie. Notons g sa dimension et k son corps de définition. Ce mémoire est composé de deux parties. La première porte sur l'étude des courbes d'Edwards, un modèle pour les courbes elliptiques possédant un sous-groupe de points k-rationnels cyclique d'ordre 4, connues en cryptographie pour l'efficacité de leur loi d'addition et la possibilité qu'elle soit définie pour toute paire de points k-rationnels (loi d'addition k-complète). Nous en donnons une interprétation géométrique et en déduisons des formules explicites pour le calcul du couplage de Tate réduit sur courbes d'Edwards tordues, dont l'efficacité rivalise avec les modèles elliptiques couramment utilisés. Cette partie se conclut par la génération, spécifique au calcul de couplages, de courbes d'Edwards dont les tailles correspondent aux standards cryptographiques actuellement en vigueur. Dans la seconde partie nous nous intéressons à la notion de complétude introduite ci-dessus. Cette propriété est cryptographiquement importante car elle permet d'éviter des attaques physiques, comme les attaques par canaux cachés, sur des cryptosystèmes basés sur les courbes elliptiques ou hyperelliptiques. Un précédent travail de Lange et Ruppert, basé sur la cohomologie des fibrés en droite, permet une approche théorique des lois d'addition. Nous présentons trois résultats importants : tout d'abord nous généralisons un résultat de Bosma et Lenstra en démontrant que le morphisme de groupe ne peut être décrit par strictement moins de g+1 lois d'addition sur la clôture algébrique de k. Ensuite nous démontrons que si le groupe de Galois absolu de k est infini, alors toute variété abélienne peut être plongée dans un espace projectif de manière à ce qu'il existe une loi d'addition k-complète. De plus, l'utilisation des variétés abéliennes nous limitant à celles de dimension un ou deux, nous démontrons qu'une telle loi existe pour leur plongement projectif usuel. Finalement, nous développons un algorithme, basé sur la théorie des fonctions thêta, calculant celle-ci dans P^15 sur la jacobienne d'une courbe de genre deux donnée par sa forme de Rosenhain. Il est désormais intégré au package AVIsogenies de Magma
The main objects we study in this PhD thesis are the equations describing the group morphism on an abelian variety, embedded in a projective space, and their applications in cryptograhy. We denote by g its dimension and k its field of definition. This thesis is built in two parts. The first one is concerned by the study of Edwards curves, a model for elliptic curves having a cyclic subgroup of k-rational points of order 4, known in cryptography for the efficiency of their addition law and the fact that it can be defined for any couple of k-rational points (k-complete addition law). We give the corresponding geometric interpretation and deduce explicit formulae to calculate the reduced Tate pairing on twisted Edwards curves, whose efficiency compete with currently used elliptic models. The part ends with the generation, specific to pairing computation, of Edwards curves with today's cryptographic standard sizes. In the second part, we are interested in the notion of completeness introduced above. This property is cryptographically significant, indeed it permits to avoid physical attacks as side channel attacks, on elliptic -- or hyperelliptic -- curves cryptosystems. A preceeding work of Lange and Ruppert, based on cohomology of line bundles, brings a theoretic approach of addition laws. We present three important results: first of all we generalize a result of Bosma and Lenstra by proving that the group morphism can not be described by less than g+1 addition laws on the algebraic closure of k. Next, we prove that if the absolute Galois group of k is infinite, then any abelian variety can be projectively embedded together with a k-complete addition law. Moreover, a cryptographic use of abelian varieties restricting us to the dimension one and two cases, we prove that such a law exists for their classical projective embedding. Finally, we develop an algorithm, based on the theory of theta functions, computing this addition law in P^15 on the Jacobian of a genus two curve given in Rosenhain form. It is now included in AVIsogenies, a Magma package

Background. Previous research on the investigation of brand personality (BP) can be found to use the personification metaphor of brands through celebrities, occupations and animals. Brand image research aims to discover the human characteristics attached to a brand. In this regard, the author suggests that as music can tell much of the personality of a person, then it would be possible to know the personality of a brand through music. The rationale behind is that music elicits “extramusical” information, such as emotions, values, dress codes and stereotypes of people; in relation to musical-genres. Purpose. This research aims to explore how music can help to produce brand knowledge. In particular how the extramusical information conveyed by musical-genres can be used as language to talk about the personality of a brand. Methodology. The empirical research was developed within an Interpretive research paradigm to learn from the perspective of consumers of hip-hop music in Sweden, how brand knowledge can be obtained from music as cognitive schema (CS). The data was gathered using a mixed-method research design. Two different projective techniques were employed in group sessions. On one session (N=11), visual collages were used to visually represent the brands using images of musicians and their description with brand personality traits. The second session (N=12) consisted of an associative task using music, followed by the application of the brand personality scale. The interpretation and analysis of findings was done through the triangulation of the methods’ data. Conclusions. The use of music genres as CS to produce brand knowledge can provide insightful information on the lifestyle and type of users that buy, consume or wear the brand. Extramusical information helps understand characteristics of BP through the lifestyle and profile of the musician or music-fan that was associated with the brand. In particular, brand knowledge can be gained in terms of demographic and psychographic characteristics associated to the brand. However, several theoretical implications for further research were identified in order to consolidate the BP/consumer/music relationship.

À travers l’analyse d’un vaste éventail de sources techniques (brevets, traités, manuels) et artistiques (pièces de théâtre, relevés et livrets de mise en scène, iconographie), cette étude propose une analyse de l’apparition de la lumière focalisée sur les scènes parisiennes, et des transformations du régime scopique propre au théâtre qu’induit ce nouvel éclairage. À partir des années 1840, en effet, les spectacles (dramatiques, lyriques, ou de danse) mettent régulièrement en scène des « rayons de lumière », produits par des dispositifs optiques (lentille, réverbères), qui permettent de créer une lumière directionnelle et focalisée. Cette étude interroge les bouleversements esthétiques et techniques qui ont mené à l’adoption, puis à la généralisation, de ces effets. Les transformations du paradigme de la vision au XIXe siècle, analysées notamment par Jonathan Crary, permettent en effet de comprendre que les contrastes de lumière, très en vogue à partir des années 1800 notamment dans les mélodrames et les drames romantiques, témoignent d’un changement de paradigme au théâtre : la construction d’un regard sur la scène, par l’emploi de la lumière, s’impose progressivement. C’est dans ce contexte que le motif du rayon émerge dans l’imaginaire romantique, d’abord comme métaphore de la vision et du drame, puis comme effet de lumière mis en scène. À partir des années 1850, l’apparition des premiers projecteurs électriques et oxhydriques permet de multiplier les effets de lumière focalisée, dont les usages se codifient peu à peu. D’une part, la lumière focalisée est utilisée comme dispositif disciplinaire et s’impose comme un moyen de contrôler spécifiquement l’attention portée à la scène, participant en cela au long mouvement de pacification des spectateurs au cours du siècle. Mais elle permet aussi d’aiguiser le regard : le projecteur devient ainsi le moyen d’instrumenter l’oeil du spectateur pour lui donner à voir ce qu’il n’aurait, sans cela, pas remarqué : les détails, les signes, les indices. Ainsi le « rayon » participe-t-il à la mise en place du « paradigme indiciaire » au théâtre, qu’a notamment décrit Jean-Pierre Sarrazac en s’appuyant sur les travaux de Carlo Ginzburg. D’autre part, la lumière focalisée est utilisée pour transformer les corps par la technologie, notamment ceux des créatures fantastiques et des femmes. Elle devient ainsi un instrument de production de l’altérité ; elle permet de produire des corps conformes aux catégories de genre. De ce point de vue, le rayon permet d’amorcer dès les années 1850 une réflexion sur les liens entre lumière et matière. Les praticiens expérimentent alors avec différents usages de la lumière : certains se font sur le mode de l’objectification, telle que définie notamment par Sandra Lee Bartky ;d’autres, particulièrement l’oeuvre de Loïe Fuller, inventent de nouvelles modalités de mise en scène de la focalisation. Le volume d’annexe de cette thèse contient des relevés d’indications de lumière dans des livrets de mise en scène du XIXe siècle, notamment la collection Palianti et les fonds de l’Association de la Régie Théâtrale
Through the analysis of a wide range of technical sources (patents, treaties, manuals) and artistic sources (plays, “livrets de mise en scène”, iconography), this study proposes an analysis of the emergence of focused light on Parisian stages, and the transformations of the scopic regime specific to the theatre induced by this new lighting. From the 1840s onwards, shows (dramatic, lyrical, or dance) regularly feature "rays of light", produced by optical devices (lenses, streetlights), which make it possible to create directional and focused light. This study examines the aesthetic and technical shifts that led to the adoption and generalization of these effects. The transformations of the paradigm of vision in the 19th century, analysed in particular by Jonathan Crary, make it possible to understand that the contrasts of light, very popular from the 1800s onwards, particularly in melodramas and romantic dramas, testify to a paradigm shift in theatre: the construction of a view of the stage, through the use of light, is gradually becoming imperative. It is in this context that the pattern of the ray emerges in the romantic imagination, first as a metaphor for vision and drama, then as a staged light effect. From the 1850s, the advent of the first electric and limelight projectors made it possible to multiply the effects of focused light, whose uses were gradually codified. On the one hand, focused light is used as a disciplinary device and imposes itself as a means of controlling specifically the attention paid to the stage, thus contributing to the long movement of pacification of the spectators during the century. But it also allows a sharpened gaze: the projector thus becomes the means of instrumenting the spectator's eye to give him to see what he would not otherwise have noticed: the details, the signs, the clues. Thus the "ray" participates in the implementation of the "conjectural paradigm" in the theatre, which Jean-Pierre Sarrazac described in particular on the basis of Carlo Ginzburg's work. On the other hand, focused light is used to transform bodies through technology, especially those of fantastic creatures and women. It thus becomes an instrument for the production of otherness; it allows the production of bodies conforming to gender categories. From this point of view, the ray makes it possible to start thinking about thelinks between light and matter as early as in the 1850s. Practitioners then experiment with different uses of light: some are based on objectification, as defined by Sandra Lee Bartky in particular; others, particularly the work of Loïe Fuller, invent new ways of staging focused light. The appendix volume of this thesis contains lists of light indications in 19th century staging booklets, including the Palianti collection and the collections of the Association de la Régie théâtrale

This dissertation is a book-length investigation of race representation in three different East German feature film genres produced by the Deutsche Film Aktiensgesellschaft (DEFA): the western (Indianerfilm), the musical, and the science-fiction film. The primary films examined include Osceola (1971), Meine Frau macht Musik (1958), Revue um Mitternacht (1962) and Der schweigende Stern (1960). I specifically articulate how each genre structures a temporality around race politics that tells us more about unique East German conceptions of whiteness, non-whites' role in society and "progress" than it tells us about the objectives of international and interracial solidarity espoused by the state. In the introduction, I discuss the relevant foundations of this study, including the various discourses one must mobilize to explain East German racism and to frame DEFA cinema from a contemporary perspective. In Chapter I, I posit some theories of race and genre that show their historical linkages with regard to film. Chapter II is a historical overview of interactions between East Germany, DEFA cinema and the Global South. Chapter III focuses on the way the western film Osceola views 1830s American racism within a 1970s Marxist-Leninist paradigm that elides opportunities for its Cuban co-production partner or the anti-racist history of the Seminoles to speak. Chapter IV looks at the phenomenon of the musical in East Germany in terms of its production of East German whiteness, as theorized by film theorist Richard Dyer. Chapter V describes science-fiction film Der schweigende Stern in terms of its accomplishment as the first multiracial space crew seen on television or film and the problematic race hierarchies that nevertheless underpin the final product. The conclusion deals with the very notion of "progress," especially with regard to racial equality, and looks at recent German cinema as a site where the discussion initiated by this dissertation might continue.

У дослідженні розгянуто жанр химерної фантастики (Weird Fiction) з позиції когнітивного відображення категорій ЗНАННЯ/НЕЗНАННЯ на композиційному, мовно-стилістичному та образному рівнях творів жанру.
В исследовании расматривается жанр химерной фантастики (Weird Fiction) с точки зрения когнитивного отображения категорий ЗНАНИЯ/НЕЗНАНИЯ на композиционном, лингво-стилистическом и образном уровнях в произведениях жанра.
The study discusses cognitive projections of the categories KNOWLEDGE/IGNORANCE on the levels of composition, language, and imagery in Weird Fiction texts.

Le groupe de Thompson projectif $T$ est l'ensemble des homéomorphismes du bord du disque hyperbolique qui sont $PSL_2((\bf Z))$ par morceaux avec points de rupture rationnels. Pour un sous-groupe $\Gamma$ de $PSL_2((\bf Z))$ on peut construire le sous-groupe $T_(\Gamma)$ de $T$ des homéomorphismes $\Gamma$ par morceaux, et on se demande si la propriété fondamentale de $T$ d'être de type fini est conservée. Cette étude dépend du genre de la surface associée à $\Gamma$. Le but principal de notre travail est de prouver qu'en genre nul, $T_(\Gamma)$ est de présentation finie (Peter Greenberg a montré qu'en genre strictement positif $T_(\Gamma)$ n'est pas de type fini). Nous commençons par conjuguer $T_(\Gamma)$ à un groupe d'homéomorphismes affines par morceaux dont nous prouvons, à l'aide de groupes de Thompson classiques, qu'il est de type fini. Puis nous donnons une description combinatoire de $T_(\Gamma)$ par des couples de forêts infinies, description qui nous permet de déterminer une présentation infinie régulière du groupe, puis une présentation finie.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Supervisão Pedagógica apresentada à Universidade Aberta
O estudo proposto tem por objetivo analisar, pesquisar e compreender a mudança no ato de ensinar e aprender, quebrando com os moldes e paradigmas mais tradicionais e entender o itinerário formativo, dentro de um sistema educacional público municipal. Este estudo de caso foi realizado na Escola Pública Municipal André Urani, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, comunidade da Rocinha, que teve em 2013, uma recondução no seu formato de ensino, denominado Projeto GENTE – Ginásio Experimental de Novas Tecnologias Educacionais - , seguindo as tendências mundiais de inovação e reforma do Ensino e Aprendizagem, tais como as ocorridas nas escolas: Quest to Learn (NYC - EUA); Nave (Rio); Escola da Ponte (Portugal); High Tech High (San Diego - EUA); Fontán (Colombia). A pretensão deste estudo é investigar o que está sendo feito na escola, conhecer as tecnologias educacionais desenvolvidas para o projeto e quais benefícios e desafios constatados durante o desenvolvimento do GENTE. O Subsecretário das Novas Tecnologias Educacionais da Secretaria Municipal de Educação do Rio de Janeiro, que permaneceu neste cargo até janeiro de 2014, Rafael Parente, para descrever este momento da educação no município, falou aos professores e todos os envolvidos no projeto no final do treinamento, o Transcurso, antes do início das aulas: A partir desse momento, vocês estão participando de um sonho: a invenção de um novo modelo de Escola onde GENTE sempre estará em primeiro lugar. Nela, as relações humanas são priorizadas, respeitadas e compreendidas em toda a sua totalidade. A paixão, a emoção e o brilho nos olhos serão os principais ingredientes da receita para futuros melhores e para uma educação mais humana. As novas tecnologias serão utilizadas para aproximar e encantar e não para distanciar ou dividir. Esse modelo nunca estará completamente pronto porque, assim como as pessoas, será constantemente recriado para dar conta de novos desafios ( Parente, 2013).
The proposed study aims to analyze, research and understand the change in the act of teaching and learning, breaking with molds and more traditional paradigms and understand the training itinerary, inside a public education system. This case study was conducted on a public school, André Urani, in Rio de Janeiro, Rocinha Slum, which had in 2013, a renewal in its educational format, named Project GENTE – Experimental Educational Technologies Gym, following global trends of innovation and reform of teaching and learning, such as those that occurred in the schools: Quest to Learn (NYC-USA); NAVE (Rio de Janeiro); Escola da Ponte (Portugal); High Tech High (San Diego-USA); Fontán (Colombia). The intention of this study is to investigate what is being done at the school, meet the educational technologies developed for the project and what benefits and challenges that may be observed in the first year of development of the GENTE. The Undersecretary for Educational Technologies of Education Secretarary of Rio de Janeiro city, that was in charge up to January 2014, Rafael Parente, to describe this moment of education for Rio de Janeiro , spoke to teachers and everyone involved in the project at the end of the training course, before the beginning of classes: From this moment on, you are participating in a dream: the invention of a new model of school where GENTE will always be in the first place. In it, human relations are prioritized, respected and understood in all its entirety. The passion, the excitement and the twinkle in the eyes will be the main ingredients of the recipe for a better future and for a more human education. New technologies will be used to approximate and delight and not to move or divide. This model will never be completely ready because, just like people, will be constantly rebuilt to handle new challenges ( Parente, 2013).

Este trabalho pretende avaliar externamente os efeitos de um programa de iniciativa comunitária EQUAL no âmbito da imigração, o Gente Acolhedora, e caracterizá-los em termos de eficácia, eficiência, inovação e reprodutibilidade, junto dos parceiros e dos imigrantes envolvidos. O projecto implicou um trabalho em parceria entre 6 instituições locais para construir/ experimentar e disseminar um modelo de acolhimento para os imigrantes a residir na zona de intervenção (5 concelhos do distrito Portalegre), sendo que a actividade de avaliação externa possibilitou também analisar a representação que o projecto faz de teorias, conceitos e conhecimentos sobre temas ligados ao Desenvolvimento e Intervenção Comunitária, bem como à Formação (de adultos). Optou-se por uma metodologia mista (quantitativo + qualitativo) por permitir a triangulação de técnicas, de fontes e de dados. Além de se proceder à análise documental de registos do projecto, entre outros documentos exteriores ao mesmo, recorreu-se ao inquérito nas suas duas versões: questionário e entrevista. O primeiro aplicado a 8 profissionais (técnicos e dirigentes) das entidades parceiras e o segundo a 6 imigrantes a residir na zona de intervenção. Os resultados demonstram que os impactos do Gente Acolhedora são medianamente positivos em termos de eficácia e eficiência e mais favoráveis em termos de inovação e reprodutibilidade. Este conjunto de efeitos não produziu contudo mudanças significativas na ZI, segundo os inquiridos, pelo que se levantam outras questões que podem constituir novas possibilidades de investigação.
The aim of this work is to do an external evaluation about the effects of the communitarian EQUAL program “Welcoming People”, in what concerns to immigration and it also aims at characterizing its efficiency, innovation and replication among its partners and involved immigrants. The Project required the partnership between 6 local institutions to construct/try and spread a model to welcome/shelter immigrants who live in the intervention area of 5 municipalities from the Portalegre district. Furthermore, the external evaluation activity also made it possible to analyze the role of this project in what concerns to theories, concepts and knowledges about subjects connected to Communitarian Intervention and Development, as well as Adults’ Education. We chose a mixed methodology (quantities and qualities) for it allows the triangulation of techniques, sources and data. We not only analyzed the documental registrations of the project as well as other documents which were out of it, but we also used a survey in its two versions: questionnaire and interview. The first one was applied to 8 professionals of the partner entities (technicians and managers) and the second one was applied to 6 immigrants who live in the intervention area. The results show that the impacts of the «Welcoming People Project» are of medium quality in terms of efficiency, but they are better in terms of innovation and replication. However, this set of effects did not produce significant changes in the intervention area, according to the inquired people therefore other questions can be put over in order to create new possibilities of investigation.

Trabalho de projecto de mestrado em Engenharia Informática, apresentado à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2007
Alternative Oxidase genes encode a small family of isoenzymes (enzymes with some differences but act in the same chemical reaction). AOX is present in plants, fungi, algae, some yeast, and was also found in some classes of the animal kingdom. The enzymes are responsible for an alternative pathway of respiration that is responsive to stress conditions but also to pathogen attack, as well as growth and stage development. Scaffold Matrix Attachment Regions (S/MARs) are DNA sequences from 300 to 3000 nucleotides that bound with nuclear proteins serving as anchors for DNA, influencing in this way the DNA organization inside the cell. Several studies have failed to reveal a pattern of organization in the sequences, however some rules have been found that help computer based analysis. Experimental identification of these sequences is hard and time consuming, computer methods could provide a first step selection, and cover larger sequences. In order to highlight possible links between S/MARs and differential regulation of AOX genes, the first part of this project consists in identifying structurally relevant S/MAR regions in the neighborhood of AOX genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and in rice using a selected computer program. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are variations in one nucleotide base among DNA sequences from the same location, from different individuals. These differences could serve as markers to classify a specific set of individuals. The second part of this project consists in the development of a bioinformatic application that will help in the identification of specific polymorphisms (SNPs) in sequences that are experimentally obtained at the EU Marie Curie Chair in ICAM University of Évora, where this project is performed.
Os genes da oxidase alternativa (ou AOX) codificam uma pequena família de isoenzimas (enzimas com algumas diferenças mas que actuam nas mesmas reacções químicas), que se encontram nas plantas, fungos, algas, algumas leveduras bem como em algumas classes do reino animal. A AOX é responsável por uma via alternativa de respiração, activada principalmente em condições de stress mas também como reacção a ataques patogénicos, bem como em estádios específicos do desenvolvimento da planta. As Scaffold Matrix Attachment Regions (S/MARs) são sequências de DNA entre 300 e 3000 nucleótidos que se ligam a proteínas do núcleo da célula, servindo como âncoras para o DNA, conferindo-lhe assim uma forma própria no interior da célula. Estudos realizados para determinar uma organização específica destas regiões não produziram muitos resultados, no entanto foram definidas algumas regras que permitem ajudar na detecção computacional destas sequências, uma vez que a detecção experimental é difícil e morosa. Com vista a estabelecer possíveis relações entre uma regulação diferenciada dos genes da AOX através dos S/MARs, a primeira parte deste projecto consiste em determinar as regiões do DNA com a estrutura de potenciais S/MARs na vizinhança dos genes da Oxidase Alternativa na Arabidopsis thaliana e no arroz. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) são diferenças de um nucleótido entreas mesmas regiões de DNA de diferentes indivíduos da mesma espécie. Estas diferençaspodem servir para marcar um determinado conjunto de indivíduos.A segunda parte deste projecto consiste em desenvolver uma aplicação para ajudarna identificação de tipos específicos de polimorfismos, (SNPs) em sequências identificadas na EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAM, Universidade de Évora, onde este projecto foi desenvolvido.