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1
Wieser, Michael Florian. "Transparency in project bond ratings: assessment of rating methodologies and development of a proven rating simulator." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11695.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThe EU promotes the use of project bonds to develop a solid source for funding infrastructure projects. During an internship with the financial advisory team at UniCredit, the project finance rating methodologies of the major rating agencies were analyzed and a rating simulator was built to gain insights into the main rating drivers. The resulting rating simulator is not able to fully forecast a rating but provides guidance for structuring future projects. After analyzing two case studies, it appears that S&P uses the most comprehensive, Moody’s the most transparent and Fitch the most flexible methodology to rate project finance bonds.
2
PATROCINIO, BIANCA NASSER. "CORPORATE BOND X PROJECT BOND: AN ANALYSIS COMPARING THE DEBT TITLES FROM PETROBRAS AND COMPANHIA PETROLÍFERA MARLIM ISSUED IN THE INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MARKET." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5233@1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Este trabalho tem como objetivo inicial apresentar o
project bond como um instrumento de financiamento para um
project finance. O project bond está baseado no
lançamento
de bonds (títulos de dívida) especificamente para o
financiamento de um projeto, sendo o fluxo de caixa
gerado
pelo projeto a principal fonte pagadora do empréstimo.
Como
a estruturação de um project finance envolve a criação de
uma SPE (Sociedade de Propósito Específico), é através
desta empresa que os bonds são emitidos para financiar um
projeto. O project bond pode representar apenas uma
parcela
da dívida utilizada no project finance, não sendo
necessariamente responsável pela totalidade do
financiamento
do projeto. Uma vez contextualizado este instrumento
financeiro, e comparado com outras formas de
financiamento,
busca-se efetuar uma comparação entre duas emissões
de bonds da Petróleo Brasileiro S.A (Petrobras) no
mercado
internacional: um bond corporativo lançado pela empresa e
um project bond emitido por uma SPE para financiamento do
Projeto Marlim. O presente trabalho busca ainda verificar
se fez diferença para a Petrobras, em termos de custo de
dívida, financiar-se no mercado de capitais internacional
via bond corporativo ou via project bond e analisar se o
mercado internacional avalia de forma diferente o risco
de
um bond corporativo da Petrobras e o risco de um project
bond de um projeto da empresa.This work has as initial objective to present the project bond as a financing instrument for a project finance. The project bond is based on the bonds issue (debt titles) specifically for the financing of a project, being the cash flow generated by the project the main source payer of the loan. As the structuring of a project finance involves the creation of a SPC (Specific Propose Company), it is through this company, that the bonds is issued to finance a project. The project bond can represent a portion of the debt just used in the project finance, not being necessarily responsible for the totality of the financing of the project. After comparing this product with other financing products, it is make a comparison among two emissions of bonds from Petróleo Brasileiro S.A (Petrobras) in the international market: a corporate bond issued by the company and a project bond issued by a SPC to finance the Marlim Project. The present study still try to verify if it made difference for Petrobras, in terms of debt cost, to be financed at the international capital market through corporate bond or through project bond and to analyze if the international market evaluates in a different way the risk of a corporate bond of Petrobras and the risk of a project bond of a Petrobras project.
3
Maimone, Mara. "Il mercato dei project bond: un'analisi empirica nel caso dei paesi in via di sviluppo." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200761.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le operazioni di project finance fra storia antica e rivisitazione moderna. Le fasi del project finance. Le fonti di finanziamento nel project finance. L'utilizzo del project finance nei paesi in via di sviluppo.
4
Mckellar, Junior Tem C. "Re-framing risk transfer to assess integrative partnership opportunities: the S.A.R. approach and the AIG/BID/CNO regional surety bond facility of 2007." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/6883.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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The identification, allocation and management of project risks are major concerns to in establishing and administering public-private partnerships (PPP). Consequently managers of public entities, development banks, construction companies and insurers are studying and employing many techniques to address the assessment and management of project risks. Risk transfer is a hallmark of the purported benefits provided by PPP, yet due to contractual and conceptual realities, the public party (the ceding entity) almost always remains the ultimate risk bearer. Consequently, public party retains an enduring interest in the overall management of these ceded risks. This dissertation explores shortcomings of the common approaches to conceptualizing risk management in the context of a PPP. By focusing the concepts of interdependence and mutuality and using the decision to transfer project risk, this dissertation frames the decision to transfer risk in terms of: the interdependent realities of systemic relationships, broadens the technical concepts of risk and risk assessment and considers the reflective use of differences in perspective to analyze the case study. The author explores these concepts in an analysis of decision of a risk manager of the Brazilian construction company Construtora Norberto Odebrecht to design an innovative surety bond facility with the Inter-American Development Bank (BID) and an insurer, the American International Group (AIG), a deal which won recognition as Trade Finance Magazine’s 2007 deal of the year. The author argues that by framing risk transfer in terms of the organization’s systemic disposition, technical assessment and reflective dynamics, one may identify and create more opportunities to engage in successful long-term relationships in ways that current PPP literature does not yet address. The results should provide contributions for future research into project risk transfer, inter-organizational cooperation and potential project partner selection.
Identificar, compartilhar e gerenciar os riscos de contratar são preocupações que impedem o estabelicmento e a administração das Parcerias Públicos Particulares (PPP). Porem, gerentes das entidades públicas, bancos de formento, construtoras e seguradoras pesquisam e utilizam muitas técnicas para enfrentar a avaliação e gerenciamento dos riscos. A transferência de risco é uma indicação dos chamados benefícios que são inspirados pelos PPP, contudo devido às realidades contratuais e conceptuais, a entidade de cede o risco (o partido público) permanece quase sempre como o portador final do risco. Conseqüentemente, o partido público retem um interesse de resistência na gerência total destes riscos cedidos. Esta dissertação explora alguns defeitos das aproximações comuns a conceituar a gestão de risco no contexto de um PPP. Focalizando os conceitos da interdependência e da reciprocidade e usando na decisão para transferir o risco do projeto, esta dissertação molda a decisão para transferir o risco nos termos das realidades interdependentes de relacionamentos sistemáticos, alargam os conceitos técnicos do risco e da avaliação de risco, considerando o uso reflexivo das diferenças na analise de um estudo de caso. O autor explora estes conceitos em uma análise da decisão de um gerente de risco da empresa de construção civil brasileira Construtora Norberto Odebrecht (ODB) para projetar uma facilidade inovadora da ligação de garantia com Inter-American Development Bank (BID) e uma seguradora, American International Group (AIG), um negócio que ganhe o reconhecimento Trade Finance Magazine’s 2007 deal of the year. O autor mostra que por compreender a transferência de risco nos termos abordados nesta dissertação, um atore que transfere o risco pode identificar e criar mais oportunidades de estabelecer relacionamentos em longo prazo, através dos processos que a literatura atual do PPP ainda não considere. Os resultados devem fornecer contribuições para a pesquisas sobre a transferência do risco do projeto, na cooperação entre organizações e na seleção do sócio do projeto do potencial.
5
Błaszczyk, Dominika. "Edward Bond: Moře - komplexní kostýmní projekt." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Divadelní fakulta. Knihovna, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-172951.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the first chapter of my master's thesis, I consider the life and works of Edward Bond. However, rather than approach this topic from a purely chronological perspective, I consider Bond's unique artistic activity and place it in its critical and historical context. My research emphasizes the significance of Bond's artistic activity in the successful fight against censorship in British theatre.
My second chapter explores the idea of 'cool drama.' In this section I utilize commentary from preeminent dramatists in the 1990s who spoke about Bond's pervading cultural influence. I also outline my own views on 'brutal drama' and consider its influence.
The third chapter of my work focuses on Bond's 1973 drama 'The Sea,' including the origins of the text, its historical context, and the main dramatic problems of the work. Here I also delve into a summary and analysis of the text, not only from a historical perspective, but also according to my own interpretive analysis. This chapter further contains a cataloging of international productions of 'The Sea', as well as original theoretical analysis of two performances produced in the Czech Republic. I examine and contrast these two productions from the perspective of direction, space, and costume design.
In chapter four, I present the practical part of my work while laying out and defending the intellectual and creative concepts behind it. This chapter is divided into several sections. In section A, I present my key interpretive themes, meticulously analyzing the issues and illuminating the way in which they are reflected in my work. I also present the historical background and analysis of my main ideas.
I continue in chapter four with a presentation of the sources that were essential influences for the visual elements of my work. I follow with a detailed description of how these sources served as particular artistic solutions in my creative process. I closely analyze their particular dramatic characters, their development and their interactions. I describe the costumes and carefully outline their concrete qualities, such as their materials, colors, silhouettes, movement, and historical elements, all of which are supported with visual attachments. Following this, I consider the search for space of dramatic quality, as well as the overall perception and treatment of particular scenes. I explain each dramatic situation and support it with photographs.
The introduction and conclusion contain the opening and final thesis, and I provide an overarching reflection of the work's quality and importance. I conclude the work with a message of gratitude to those who supported me during this project, as well as a list of my research sources.
6
Murphy, Jill Marie. "Translingual literature: The bone people and Borderlands." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2755.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis proposes that by producing and existing within a translingual text, the ethnofeminist has found a way to subvert others' construction of her and redefine her identity. In particular, the ethnofeminist uses code switching to select and reinvent meaning from the language system of the dominant culture while maintaining the language system of the "marginal" group. In combining two (or more) language systems within a literature she has created her own language.
7
Namekata, James Shigeo. "A lower bound for the cyclic cutwidth of the n-cube." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1847.
Повний текст джерела
8
DeLong, David Blane. "A web-based, database bound, WYSIWYG development environment for web applications." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2580.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This project, WebAppDesigner, combines a "What You See Is What You Get" (WYSISYG) web page designer, database table designer, query tool, and an automatic deployment process into a single easy to use solution for small businesses and individuals.
9
Sithole, Londa Leon Zinhle. "Using project bonds to fund South Africa's infrastructure development." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28985.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The growing use of project bonds in funding infrastructure globally deserves attention. Although primarily dominated by the developed markets, emerging markets such as Latin America and Asia have also been successful in using project bonds to finance their infrastructure projects. The project bond market in South Africa remains insignificant, with only a few episodic issuances in the last decade. Given the size of the country's capital markets, institutional investor base and experience with project finance transactions; one would expect the country to have a sizeable project bond market. This paper aims to investigate whether or not South Africa has the capacity to use project bonds to fund its infrastructure development. As government finances take strain, and as bank funding becomes unavailable due to Basel III, South Africa will need to look to the capital markets for the funding of its ambitious infrastructure plan. This paper finds that South Africa should begin to use project bonds and capital markets to fund its infrastructure development. However, more needs to be done on the regulatory and legal side to ensure that the country continues to attract foreign investment for infrastructure development.
10
Nanayakkara, Madurika. "Green bonds : Do they bring sustainability to environmentally friendly projects?" Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2018. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/169217.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study was motivated by the urgent requirement to scale up the global green bond (GB) market to meet the trillion-dollar financial requirement of environmental resilience projects worldwide, and by the absence of prior scientific investigations to determine solutions to the GB market’s problems from different perspectives. Three empirical studies were conducted to provide a holistic view of the GB market. The first study investigated the perception gaps of different stakeholders in the GB market in terms of assessing the ‘greenness’ of projects funded through GBs, investors’ expectations of GB investments, and the factors hindering the growth of the GB market. A qualitative method was employed with document review, followed by interviews, a questionnaire survey and peer debriefing. The study found that both the demand and supply sides of the GB market are inadequate to meet the world’s green investment requirements. The main obstacles hindering the market growth are fear for greenwashing, definitions that lack clarity, the absence of large-scale issues, and the high costs associated with complex reporting processes and third-party certifications. The second study assessed the influence of GB principles on investor demand for GBs, using global GBs issued for the period 2007 to 2016. Bid–ask spread and yield spread were used to measure the investor demand. The results indicated a significant positive relationship between the degree of compliance and investor demand. The third study compared the credit spreads of corporate GBs and conventional bonds, measured by option-adjusted spread daily data for the period 2016 to 2017 worldwide. Hybrid method of panel data regression was employed to analyse the data, and found that GBs are traded at a premium in the world market, compared with conventional bonds. This thesis suggests several policy implications based on the findings of these studies to scale up the GB market as a new source of financing.Doctor of Philosophy
11
Le, Dat Quang. "A Comparative Analysis of Success by Project Level Characteristics in the Upward Bound Program." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26958.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Data gathered by Mathematica Policy Research, Inc., contractor for the Department of Education were used to analyze successful project level characteristics of the Upward Bound program. Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. provided two data files for this study: a student data file and a grantees data file. The first data file includes information from a nationally representative sample of students who applied to the Upward Bound program between 1992 and 1994 and were assigned to either the Upward Bound group or a control group. The second data file included information from a random sample of Upward Bound project grantees.
Both the student and grantees data files were used to create a design to determine Upward Bound project level characteristics that highly correlated to student success. The project level characteristics that were examined included project setting (location, size and host institution), academic characteristics (student-staff ratio, course offerings during the summer and academic year, and the number of years a project has been in operation) and student characteristics (gender, race/ethnicity and employment). The student success measures used in this study included grade point average, total high school credits earned, Advanced Placement credits earned, high school dropout status and graduation status.
Findings from this study suggest that Upward Bound projects with lower student to staff ratios and fewer academic year course offerings have students earning more high school credits and more student graduating from high school. In addition to academic characteristics, ethnicity seem to be related to the success of projects. When compared across project settings, projects from two-year rural colleges and four-year public suburban colleges have the most successful students.Ph. D.
12
McGartland, Claire. "Correlates of bone mineral density in adolescence : the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252420.
Повний текст джерела
13
Hafizoglu, Ahmet Baykal. "Discrete Time/cost Trade-off Problem In Project Scheduling." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608469/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In project scheduling, the activity durations can often be reduced by dedicating additional resources. Time/Cost Trade-off Problem considers the compromise between the total cost and project duration. The discrete version of the problem assumes a number of time/cost pairs, so called modes, and selects a mode for each activity.
In this thesis we consider the Discrete Time/Cost Trade-off Problem. We first study the Deadline Problem, i.e., the problem of minimizing total cost subject to a deadline on project duration. To solve the Deadline Problem, we propose several optimization and approximation algorithms that are based on optimal Linear Programming Relaxation solutions. We then analyze the problem of generating all efficient solutions, and propose an approach that uses the successive solutions of the Deadline Problem.
Our computational results on large-sized problem instances have revealed the satisfactory behavior of our algorithms.
14
Coleman, Lori I. "Our Whole Future is Bound up in this Project: The Making of Buford Dam." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_theses/30.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Twentieth Century Americans witnessed the construction of numerous massive dams that controlled the flow of rivers across the country. Many of these dams were built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to improve navigation and to provide inexpensive electricity and flood control. This paper will seek to shed light on Georgia’s current water crisis by analyzing the initial purposes behind the building of Buford Dam in North Georgia, investigating how water supply issues were addressed in the first half of the twentieth century, and exploring how expectations of the Chattahoochee River changed over time due in part to metropolitan Atlanta’s population growth. This paper will show that Atlanta area leaders secured appropriations for Buford Dam primarily to obtain a reliable water supply and additional electricity for their burgeoning community.
15
Nichols, Gloria Nichols. "Bone Health Education for Osteoporosis Risk Reduction in Premenopausal Women: A Quality Improvement Project." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2676.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the United States, about 8.5 million women live with osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a debilitating systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass and reduced bone mineral density that occurs with the loss of estrogen. The mortality rate for this group is about 3 to 4 times higher than other women and as many as 1 in 3 experience a fracture. Guided by the Health Belief Model, this project evaluated how a bone health fact sheet impacts knowledge about osteoporosis and self-efficacy for preventative behavioral change in premenopausal women (age 40-58 years). The project also evaluated if an electronic medical record (EMR) alert system with an additional bone health education in the patient instruction menu can improve participation by 11 health care providers (HCPs). Prior to the participants receiving the fact sheet, the knowledge, health beliefs, and perceived risks for developing osteoporosis were measured using the Revised Osteoporosis Knowledge Test (ROKT) and the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS). Although 87% of participants identified menopause as a major osteoporosis risk factor, fewer women (33%) knew that surgical removal of the ovaries was also a risk factor and half agreed or strongly agreed that calcium and exercise can prevent osteoporosis. After receiving the fact sheet, the participants had an average confidence score of 62% on the Osteoporosis Self-Efficacy Scale (OSES) for engaging in exercise and an average confidence score of 65% for adhering to calcium intake guidelines. Furthermore, the EMR alert system facilitated 100% documentation by HCPs. These results indicated the fact sheet can motivate premenopausal women to engage in osteoporosis preventive behaviors. Importantly, the EMR reminder with education fact sheet can facilitate the active involvement of HCPs in patient education.
16
Schmidberger, Wolfgang. "Conceptual design, development and evaluation of an interactive exercise software tool for household technology courses in tertiary education." Aachen Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/100104844X/04.
Повний текст джерела
17
Rasmussen, Claire Elaine. "Bound to be free : essays on tying the political subject to the project of autonomy /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10743.
Повний текст джерела
18
Bonnement, Audrey. "Modélisation numérique par approximation fluide du plasma de bord des tokamaks (projet ITER)." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La Fusion par Confinement Magnétique (FCM) permet de favoriser les réactions de fusion et donc la production d'énergie par l'utilisation d'une enceinte de géométrie torique, appelée tokamak, soumise à d'importantes forces électro-magnétiques dans le but de confiner le plasma. Afin d'étudier le comportement du plasma de bord dans le cadre de la FCM, nous considérons un système fluide, obtenu à partir du modèle cinétique Vlasov-Maxwell avec fermeture de Braginskii. Une méthode de volumes/éléments finis est choisie pour approximer le modèle. Le système obtenu est de type Euler, ou Navier-Stokes anisotrope si on tient compte de la diffusion, auquel des termes modélisant le confinement du plasma sont rajoutés. Plusieurs méthodes sont proposées pour approximer ces termes ainsi que pour modéliser les conditions aux limites de Bohm, caractéristiques des tokamaks. Par ailleurs, une étude sur la modélisation volumes finis en géométrie cylindrique est menée dans laquelle on considère comme volume élémentaire la cellule engendrée par rotation autour de l'axe du tokamak d'une cellule bidimensionnelle, d'où une formulation conservative des équations. Différents résultats numériques sont présentés, notamment sur un problème de diffusion anisotrope avec rayonnement ou encore sur des simulations d'injection de pellets, glaçons de matière permettant le réapprovisionnement du tokamakMagnetic confinement fusion allows to favour fusion reactions and energy production with toric devices, called tokamaks, using an electro-magnetic field in order to confine the plasma. To study the edge plasma of tokamak, we use a fluid model, obtained from the Vlasov-Maxwell kinetic model and the Braginskii closure. A finite volume/element method is chosen to approach the model. The system is similar to the Euler or anisotropic Navier-Stokes systems, with additional terms to model the plasma confinement. We propose some methods to approach these terms and to model Bohm boundary conditions, characteristic of tokamak. Moreover, a finite volume method in cylindrical coordinates is proposed in order to preserve the conservative form of the equations. Thus, we consider as elementary volume, the cell which is given by rotation around the tokamak axis of the 2D cell. Several numerical results are given, e. G. For an anisotropic diffusion problem with radiation and also for simulations of pellet injections (matter ice cubes) to refuel the tokamak
19
Basso, Trujillo Pasquale. "Bond strength of reinforcing bars with different encasement qualities : guidelines for the development length of reinforcing bars in shotcrete." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69807.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Depuis plusieurs années, le béton projeté a été utilisé pour la stabilisation des talus et le renforcement des structures dégradées. À ce jour, il est également utilisé pour construire des éléments complets tels que des murs de refend, colonnes, coquilles minces, revêtements de tunnels et poutres. Cependant, depuis quelques années, les ingénieurs en structures ont soulevé une préoccupation particulière concernant la qualité d'enrobage des barres d'armature. En effet, des imperfections peuvent être créées spécifiquement derrière les barres d'armature si le béton n'est pas projeté correctement ce qui pourrait provoquer la rupture prématurée des éléments structuraux. Essentiellement, peu de recherche a été faite à ce sujet et les recommandations courantes reposent sur des fondements entièrement empiriques servant uniquement à évaluer la qualité de l'enrobage de barres d'armature des carottes des panneaux de caractérisation. Cette étude a pour but d'augmenter les connaissances scientifiques concernant la réduction de l'adhérence entre les barres d'armature et le béton causé par ces imperfections afin d'inclure ce phénomène dans les guides destinés à l'inspection et à la conception des structures en béton projeté. Pour contrebalancer la perte d'adhérence, le cas échéant, des facteurs de modification pour l'équation de la longueur de développement des barres d'armature en traction est proposée. À cette fin, l'étude présente une phase expérimentale, une phase de modélisation et finalement une phase analytique. La phase expérimentale inclut des éprouvettes de type « pull-out » faites en béton projeté et en béton coulé ayant des vides artificiels (pour recréer les imperfections parfois observées en béton projeté). Des éprouvettes de type « beam-end » coulées avec des vides artificiels ont également été testées. La phase de modélisation inclut seulement des éprouvettes de type « beam-end » et les principaux résultats étudiés comportent la charge maximale et le type de rupture des éprouvettes, lesquels se sont montrés influencés principalement par la longueur transversale des vides (périmètre non-adhéré) et le recouvrement du béton. Les résultats ont permis d'établir des périmètres non-adhérés limites pour lesquels une rupture par déchaussement pourrait survenir. Cependant, puisqu'une certaine perte d'adhérence a été observée même avant les limites établis, la phase analytique a permis de proposer des facteurs de modification pouvant être utilisés avec l'équation de la longueur de développement. Ainsi, des recommandations ont été développées pour permettre aux ingénieurs de prendre des décisions concernant l'intégrité des structures pendant les inspections ou d'inclure le béton projeté lors de la conception de ces structures si des vides sont relevées ou susceptibles d'être créés derrière les barres d'armature.For many years, shotcrete (sprayed concrete) has been used for slope stabilization and the reinforcement of degraded structures. Nowadays, it's also used to build full-depth structural reinforced concrete elements such as shear walls, columns, thin shells, tunnel linings and girders. However, concerns regarding the encapsulation quality of the reinforcing bars have been raised by structural engineers. Indeed, imperfections could be created specifically behind the reinforcing bars if concrete is inappropriately sprayed which could cause the premature failure of structural elements. Essentially, very little research has been completed on the subject and the current guidelines rely completely on empirical evidence which serves only to evaluate the encasement quality of reinforcing bars from cores taken from pre-construction panels. This study aims to increase the scientific understanding regarding the bond stress reduction between reinforcing bars and concrete caused by the presence of such imperfections in order to include this phenomenon in the current inspection and design guidelines for shotcrete structures. To counteract the bond stress loss, if any, modification factors to be used in conjunction with the development length equation of reinforcing bars in tension is proposed. To do so, the study includes an experimental, a modeling and lastly an analytical phase. The experimental phase includes sprayed as well as cast in-place with artificial voids (to recreate the imperfections observed when shotcrete is incorrectly applied) “pull-out” specimens. Cast in-place “beam-end” specimens with artificial voids were also studied. The modeling phase only includes “beam-end” specimens and the main studied results were the ultimate load and the mode of failure of the specimens which were found to be mainly influenced by the transversal length of the voids (or un-bonded perimeters) and the concrete cover. The results allowed to establish un-bonded perimeters limits beyond which a possible reinforcing bar pull-out failure could occur. However, since a certain bar stress loss was still observed even below the limits established, the analytical phase served to propose modification factors to be used in conjunction with the development length equation. Thus, important guidelines have been created for structural engineers allowing them make decisions regarding the integrity of shotcrete structures during the inspection phase or to take into account shotcrete during the design phase of structures if imperfections are observed or are susceptible to be created behind the reinforcing bars.
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Kooli, Anis. "Exact and heuristic methods for resource constrained project scheduling problem." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR4031/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le problème de gestion de projet à contraintes de ressources est un des problèmesles plus étudiés dans la littérature. Il consiste à planifier des activités soumises à desrelations de précédence, et nécessitant des ressources renouvelables. L’objectif est deminimiser la durée du projet, soit le makespan. Nous étudions le problème de gestion deprojet à contraintes de ressources. Nous nous sommes intéressées à la résolution exactedu problème. Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous élaborons une série de bornesinférieures basées sur le raisonnement énergétique et des formulations mathématiques.Les résultats montrent que les bornes proposées surpassent ceux de la littérature. Dansla deuxième partie, nous proposons des procédures par séparation et évaluation utilisantles bornes inférieures dévelopées dans la première partieResource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem is one of the most studied schedulingproblems in the literature. It consists in scheduling activities, submitted to precedencerelationship, and requiring renewable resources to be processed. The objective isto minimize the project duration, i.e., the makespan. We study the Resource ConstrainedProject Scheduling Problem. We are interested on the exact resolution of the problem.In the first part of the thesis, we develop a series of lower bounds based on energeticreasoning and mathematical formulations. The computational results show that theproposed lower bounds outperform the ones of the literature. In the second part, wepropose Branch-and-Bound procedures using the lower bounds developed on the firstpart
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Guay, Bélanger Sabrina. "Résorption osseuse, ostéoclastogénèse et adalimumab : Projet BROCA (de l'original anglais : "Bone resorption, Osteoclastogenesis and Adalimumab")." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6311.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La polyarthrite rhumatoïde est une maladie auto-immune caractérisée par une inflammation chronique qui entraîne la destruction progressive des articulations et des os. Les dommages articulaires observés dans cette pathologie sont causés principalement par les ostéoclastes, des cellules spécialisées dans la résorption de la matrice osseuse. Ce processus de résorption dépend de la capacité à générer des ostéoclastes, de leur activité individuelle et de leur survie. De plus, certaines cytokines inflammatoires peuvent avoir un effet sur la différenciation et l'activité des ostéoclastes. Parmi celles-ci, on retrouve notamment le TNF-?, un médiateur pathologique majeur dans la polyarthrite rhumatoïde. En effet, celui-ci peut agir de façon directe sur la résorption osseuse en stimulant l'ostéoclastogénèse, ou de façon indirecte en augmentant l'expression du RANKL par les ostéoblastes. Subséquemment à ces découvertes, plusieurs agents anti-TNF-? ont été développés pour traiter la polyarthrite rhumatoïde. Ces agents s'avèrent être très efficaces pour réduire les dommages articulaires chez les patients atteints de la maladie. Cependant, leurs mécanismes exacts ainsi que leurs effets sur la biologie des ostéoclastes humains sont encore mal définis. Ainsi, l'objectif principal de cette étude est d'étudier l'effet d'une thérapie anti-TNF-? sur le nombre de précurseurs ostéoclastiques dans le sang périphérique de patients atteints de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde, sur le nombre d'ostéoclastes générés in vitro ainsi que leur activité avant et pendant le traitement avec l'adalimumab, un agent anti-TNF-?. Pour ce faire, 25 patients atteints de cette maladie et ayant reçu une prescription d'adalimumab ont été recrutés pour participer à trois visites consécutives, soit les visites d'inclusion (avant traitement) ainsi que les visites 3 mois et 6 mois après le début du traitement. Pour chaque visite, le nombre de précurseurs ostéoclastiques, le nombre d'ostéoclastes et la résorption osseuse générés in vitro ont été évalués. Les mêmes paramètres ont également été vérifiés pour les cellules incubées en présence d'adalimumab exogène. L'activité de la maladie et le statut fonctionnel du patient, mesurés respectivement avec le Disease Activity Score 28 et le Health Assessment Questionnaire ont été évalués à chaque visite de la présente étude. La collecte de ces données a permis de conclure que le traitement avec l'adalimumab pendant 6 mois n'a pas d'impact statistiquement significatif sur le nombre de précurseurs ostéoclastiques, l'ostéoclastogénèse et la résorption osseuse in vitro , même si nous pouvons observer une tendance vers une diminution pour les deux derniers paramètres. En ce qui concerne les résultats cliniques, l'adalimumab a un effet statistiquement significatif sur le score DAS28 et le questionnaire HAQ, tous deux ayant diminué 6 mois après l'initiation du traitement.
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Degirmenci, Guvenc. "The Budget Constrained Discrete Time/cost Trade-off Problem In Project Networks." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609737/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The time/cost trade-off models in project management aim to compress the project completion time by accelerating the activity durations at an expense of additional resources.
The budget problem in discrete time/cost trade-off scheduling selects the time/cost mode -among the discrete set of specified modes- for each activity so as to minimize the project completion time without exceeding the available budget. There may be alternative modes that solve the budget problem optimally, however each solution may have a different total cost value.
In this study we aim to find the minimum cost solution among the optimal solutions of the budget problem. We analyze the structure of the problem together with its linear programming relaxation and derive some mechanisms for reducing the problem size. We solve the reduced problem by linear programming relaxation and branch and bound based approximation and optimization algorithms. We find that our branch and bound algorithm finds optimal solutions for medium-sized problem instances in reasonable times and the approximation algorithms produce high quality solutions. We also discuss the way our algorithms could be used to construct the time/cost trade-off curve.
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Kebsch, Mark Peter. "The effect of fluoride administration on rat serum osteocalcin expression during orthodontic tooth movement : the Osteocalcin Project." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4795.
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Lauersdorf, Leslie. "Bone Marrow Transplant Nurses' Attitudes about Caring for Patients Who are Near the End of Life: A Quality Improvement Project." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3199.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In oncology setting, there is a range of emotions felt by patients and nurses alike such as helplessness, anger, sadness and anxiety; and this is especially the case as patients near the end of life. The literature shows there is an interest in nurses' attitudes toward caring for patients who are near the end of life. This project examines the overall attitude of Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) nurses' attitudes toward caring for patients who are near the end of life using the Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying Scale (FATCOD) and a Demographic Data Sheet. This project investigated the demographic variables including age, gender, ethnicity, religion, Oncology Certified Nurses status, highest degree held, years of nursing experience, years of oncology experience, years of BMT experience, prior continuing education in end of life, and prior experience taking care of a terminally ill patient, to see if they contribute to these differences in attitudes.
This was a descriptive project. The sample consisted of a total of 30 BMT nurses, which included 8 men, and 22 women who have worked on the BMT unit for over a year. The mean years of nursing experience was 13.9 (SD=10.10), mean years of oncology nursing experience was 8 (SD=5.80), and mean years of BMT experience was 7.2 (SD=.60).
The results of this project indicate that there is a positive relationship between number of years of experience as a nurse and positive attitudes toward caring for patients who are near the end of life. Scores on the FATCOD had a possibility to range from 30-150, with higher scores indicating a more positive attitude toward care of the dying. The scores from this project ranged from 113-148 with a mean of 128.6, indicating an overall positive attitude toward caring for the dying.
This project should spur further investigation into attitudes toward caring for patients who are near the end of life. Nurses strive to take the best possible care of their patients and having an understanding of their attitudes will help them recognize areas of strength and weakness. This project supports interventions that are already being done by End of Life (EOL) Committee on the BMT unit at the Moffitt Cancer Center. The EOL committee is helping to create positive attitudes about caring for patients who are near the end of life by both supportive and educational methods.
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Ji, Min. "Exploiting activity traces and learners’ reports to support self-regulation in project-based learning." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0032/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'Apprentissage Par Projet (APP) est une méthode d'enseignement orientée apprenant, qui leur permet de réaliser des projets sous forme d'enquêtes approfondies. L'APP offre aux apprenants la possibilité de planifier leur projet, de collaborer avec leurs pairs et de rechercher les ressources pour atteindre les objectifs du projet. Cependant, l'APP est difficile à mettre en œuvre avec succès du fait que les apprenants manquent souvent des compétences d'autorégulation pour suivre, réfléchir, gérer et évaluer les activités durant le projet. L'apprentissage autorégulé peut aider les apprenants à acquérir ces compétences. Cependant, la plupart des environnements d'apprentissage utilisés en APP proposent surtout des matériaux d'apprentissage riches aux apprenants, et rarement les moyens de suivre et analyser leurs processus de gestion de projet et d'apprentissage. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de soutenir l'apprentissage autorégulé en apprentisage par projet. Nous proposons une architecture générale de système de gestion des apprentissage par projet (PBLMS) qui aide les apprenants à comprendre comment réguler leurs activités d'apprentissage au cours d'un projet. Cette architecture générale intègre un système existant de gestion des apprentissages (LMS) et deux outils que nous proposons: un outil de reporting et un tableau de bord dynamique. L'outil de reporting supporte les processus de réflexion des apprenants en les amenant à décrire leurs activités non instrumentées, leurs réflexions et leurs évaluations sur les activités menées durant le projet à l'aide de phrases semi-structurées. Le système enregistre automatiquement les traces des interactions des utilisateurs avec le LMS, l'outil de reporting et le tableau de bord. Ces traces d'activité sont fusionnées avec les données autodéclarées afin que les indicateurs puissent être calculés sur la base de ces deux types d'informations. Le tableau de bord dynamique permet aux apprenants de créer des indicateurs personnalisables. Les apprenants peuvent spécifier les données à prendre en compte, le calcul et les modes de visualisation. Nous avons implémenté cette proposition théorique avec le développement de la plate-forme DDART (tableau de bord dynamique basé sur les traces d'activité et déclarées) qui intègre l'outil de reporting et le tableau de bord dynamique. Pour évaluer notre proposition, nous avons tout d'abord testé la capacité de DDART à créer un large échantillon d'indicateurs qui sont proposés dans les recherches existantes sur l'analyse des activités, la cognition, les émotions et les réseaux sociaux. De plus, une expérience a été menée afin d'évaluer l'utilisabilité et l'utilité perçue de DDART. Selon les résultats de cette expérience, nous avons constaté que DDART supporte les réflexions des apprenants sur la façon dont ils mènent leur projet et leur fournit les moyens de suivre leurs activités et apprentissages, même si la création d'indicateurs apparait difficile pour les novicesProject-based Learning (PBL) is a learner-oriented instructional method, which enables learners to carry out challenging and authentic projects by thorough investigations. PBL affords learners the opportunities to organize and plan the project, to collaborate with peers and to look for the resources and guidance to achieve the project goals. However, PBL is difficult to implement successfully because learners often lack of the self-regulation skills required to monitor, reflect, manage and assess their project activities and learning. Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) can train learners to gain these skills. However, most learning systems used in PBL focus on providing rich learning materials to the learners but rarely offer possibilities to monitor and analyze their project and learning processes. The main goal of this thesis is to support SRL during PBL situations. We propose a general architecture of Project-based Learning Management System (PBLMS), which help learners to understand how to regulate their learning activities during the projects. This general architecture integrates an existing Learning Management System (LMS) and two tools we propose: a reporting tool and a dynamic dashboard. The reporting tool enhances learners' reflective processes by leading them to describe their non-instrumented activities, their reflections and assessments on the project activities based on semi-structured sentences. The system can record automatically the activity traces of the users' interactions with the LMS, the reporting tool and the dashboard. These activity traces are merged with the self-reporting data so that indicators can be calculated basing on this entire information. The dynamic dashboard supports learners in creating customizable indicators. Learners can specify the data to take into account, the calculation and the visualization modes. We implemented this theoretical proposition with the development of the DDART (Dynamic Dashboard based on Activity and self-Reporting Traces) platform that integrates the reporting tool and the dynamic dashboard. To evaluate the proposition, we firstly test the ability of DDART to recreate a large sample of indicators that are proposed in existing researches about the analysis of activities, cognition, emotion and social network. Furthermore, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the usability and perceived utility of DDART. According to the results of this experiment, we found that DDART supports learners' reflections on the way they carry out the project and provides them with the opportunities to monitor their activities and learning, even if the indicator creation could be difficult for the novices
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Wouters, Cathy. "Quine à bord du bateau de Neurath: le projet d'une épistémologie des sciences sous le signe de l'immanence." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209931.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Au sein de cette dissertation, j'avance la thèse que la pensée quinienne systématise une épistémologie des sciences et que son système veut avant tout donner une réponse, partant d'un point de vue empirique unique,à ce que Quine estime être la question centrale de l'épistémologie, à savoir "comment construisons-nous notre théorie du monde?".Doctorat en Philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Mattsson, Viktor. "Clinical Data Analysis for Conceptual Proof of Microwave Bone Healing Monitoring System for Craniosynostosis Patients." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets elektronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352908.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the BDAS project one of the goals is to create a new solution for monitoring bone healing to complement current techniques. Data have been collected in clinical trials from infants treated for Craniosynostosis by a craniotomic surgery. The data are collected with a biomedical sensor based in microwave technology. This sensor could be able to sense changes in the composition of the different tissues in the upper hemisphere of the head, by noticing a difference in the propagation of the microwaves, as the bone injury from the craniectomy heals over time. In this thesis I analyze the validity of a proposed analytical model for the biosensor and extend the clinical data analysis in BDAS project. The validity of the model is analyzed by comparing its outcomes to available measurements from phantoms mimicking living tissues and to numerical simulations. In the data analysis two hypotheses are formulated and tested regarding the location of the measurement points with respect to a positioning grid and the healing over time too. By deriving a set of parameters for each collected dataset in the clinical trials, a distinct pattern was found which shows visible changes over the course of the healing process with this technique.
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Mujizat, Danar Anindito. "The Sovereign Green Sukuk: An Analysis of Its Process and Barriers to Funding Renewable Energy Projects in Indonesia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445408.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Indonesia launched a sovereign green sukuk in 2018 to fund green projects that can contribute to addressing climate change and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. This issuance also marked the first sovereigngreen sukuk issuance in the world. Since then, Indonesia has issued five sovereign green sukuks and has mobilized 3.23 billion USD from these issuances. The money raised from these sovereign green sukuks has been directed to five eligible sectors: sustainable transportation, energy efficiency, renewable energy, waste toenergy and waste management, and resilience to climate change for disaster risk areas. This study aims to assess firstly how the money raised by the Indonesian sovereign green sukuk flows to the renewable energy powerplant projects. Secondly, this research also aims to identify what kind of barriers influence the flows of greensukuk money to the renewable energy power plant projects. A literature review is carried out to outline the barriers that have been known to exist in green bond and green sukuk financial flows from the previous research. Meanwhile, an exploratory single case study is employed to explore the flow of money and identify the barriersin Indonesia. The findings were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results show that there are two key actors in implementing the flow of money: the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. The Ministry of Finance has a role as an issuer of the sovereigngreen sukuk. On the other hand, The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources has a role as the project ownerin the renewable energy sector. Therefore, it requires good coordination between them since each ministry hasdifferent responsibilities and priorities. Meanwhile, there are three frameworks that determine the mechanismof the flow of finance. Firstly, the state budget. Secondly, the Law No. 19/2008 concerning Sovereign Sukuk and its subordinate legislation, which is the Government Regulation No. 56/2011 concerning Project Financingthrough Sovereign Sukuk Issuance. Lastly, the Republic of Indonesia Green Bond and Green Sukuk Framework.The involvement of these frameworks shows that the implementation of the sovereign green sukuk must alignto the management of the state budget, must be compliant with the sovereign sukuk law and its subordinate legislation, and must follow the green principles according to the Republic of Indonesia Green Bond and Green Sukuk Framework. This study also shows two main barriers: the lack of coordination between ministries and the lack of capacity in some of the regional governments. The lack of coordination between ministries has affected the formulation of the impact report. Since the impact report is one of the key components in the sovereign green sukuk, the delay in delivering the impact report and the lack of quality in providing theinformation in the impact report can diminish the investor’s confidence. Meanwhile, the lack of capacity insome of the regional governments to manage and operate the renewable energy power plants funded by the green sukuk has led these projects could not give the impact as expected in reducing emission and achieving the SDGs target in the rural areas. Based on these results, this study suggests these recommendations: (1) The Ministry of Finance should consider establishing a directorate dedicated to exclusively handling green finance; (2) The ministries that own the projects should raise their awareness in reporting the impact of the green projects; (3) The coordination between the ministries should be improved in ensuring solid implementation in the issuance, allocation, and reporting phase; (4) The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources should ensure that the plan to build renewable energypower plants from the green sukuk are well-planned and well-executed. (5) The regional governments should increase their technical and financial capacity to ensure the sustainability of the renewable energy power plantsthey manage.
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Buet, Gaël. "Processus d'atterissage des projets d'innovations dans les projets véhicules : application aux innovations dans les domaines "Energie / Environnements" et "Vie à bord"." Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP2145/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce travail de recherche a pour objet d’étude l’intégration des projets d’innovations dans les projets véhicules. Mené sous la forme d’une recherche-action, il est né du constat d’un nombre faible d’innovations présentes au final dans les produits par rapport au nombre d’innovations initialement prévues.Ce sujet est potentiellement intéressant pour tout le secteur automobile et plus généralement toutes les entreprises (notamment industrielles) qui du fait de leur taille ont différencié la préparation des innovations en amont et le développement des produits en aval. Cette distinction nécessite de faire converger le développement d’innovations avec celui des produits qui seront vendus au client. L’objectif principal de ce projet est, en facilitant cette convergence, d’augmenter au final le nombre et la valeur ajoutée des innovations qui seront intégrées dans les produits.Pour traiter ce sujet, un travail de fond a été réalisé comportant le suivi de l’intégration d’innovations dans cinq projets véhicules et l’analyse de vingt études de cas d’atterrissage d’innovations, issus principalement des domaines de « l’Énergie / Environnement » et de la « Vie à Bord ». Le processus d’atterrissage a été instrumenté à l’aide de deux outils, « Synchronizator » et « Profilor ». L’analyse de ces cas a été complétée par 155 entretiens.Ce sujet se situe à l’interface de deux mondes : le monde de l’innovation, sa flexibilité, sa créativité ; le monde du véhicule, ses processus réglés, ses ressources importantes. Les apports conceptuels que nous proposons ont tout autant la vocation de faire progresser les connaissances du monde académique que d’aider les praticiens. Nous proposons dans notre thèse trois concepts principaux.Le premier concept porte sur l’ « Atterrissage » lui-même, que nous présentons en utilisant la métaphore de l’atterrissage d’un avion (projet d’innovation) sur un porte-avions (projet véhicule). Ce concept d’atterrissage ne correspond pas à un moment unique : il s’agit d’un processus complexe partant de la préparation amont jusqu’aux activités de développement en aval et incluant des étapes clés, ainsi que la mise en œuvre des conditions (les « recommandations ») pour faciliter son application.Le deuxième concept, que nous avons dénommé « Intrusivité », consiste à qualifier les innovations par rapport à l’impact (technique, organisationnel, managérial, financier) qu’elles génèrent sur les projets véhicules cibles et à identifier des fenêtres d’atterrissage en fonction de cet impact.Le troisième concept, que nous avons dénommé « Profilage », consiste, pour un projet d’innovation donné à identifier très en amont tous les projets véhicules susceptibles de l’accueillir et, pour un projet véhicule donné de sélectionner très tôt toutes les innovations permettant de renforcer son positionnement produit.L’application de ces concepts dans l’entreprise où nous avons mené notre recherche nous a permis de : proposer un processus d'atterrissage adaptatif en fonction du niveau d’intrusivité des innovations ; évaluer dès le départ les projets d’innovations les plus porteurs pour l’entreprise en termes de valeur et de contribution à son image ; diffuser les innovations dans le plus grand nombre de projets véhicules ; renforcer le pilotage des innovations en aval pour faciliter leur intégration.Ces propositions sont autant des sujets de discussion pour le monde académique que des axes de travail pour les praticiens qui pourraient potentiellement les appliquer dans d’autres grands groupes industrielsThis research studies the integration of innovation projects into vehicle projects. The starting point is the observation of a failure to integrate innovations in the final products, despite the number of innovations originally planned.This research is potentially applicable to the overall automotive industry and, more generally, to large companies (notably industrial ones) that differentiate the preparation of the innovations upstream and the development of products downstream. This distinction leads to organize the convergence of the innovations with the products sold to the customer. The main objective of this project is, by facilitating this convergence, to increase the number and the added value of the innovations which will be integrated into products. This work was prepared by conducting a thorough evaluation of the follow-up of the integration of innovations in five vehicle projects and the analysis of twenty case studies of innovations “touch down”. These stemmed mainly from the fields of "Energy / Environment" and "Life on Board". This “touch down” process was realized through two tools, "Synchronizator" and "Profilor". The analysis of these cases was completed with 155 interviews.This subject lies at the frontier of two worlds: the innovation’s world, its flexibility and its creativity; and the vehicle’s world, its established processes and its huge resources. The concepts that we propose will contribute to improve and inform the academic knowledge, as well as to facilitate the practitioners’work. We propose in our research three main concepts.The first concept, the "touch down process" itself, is presented through the metaphor of the landing of a plane (innovation project) on an aircraft carrier (vehicle project). This “touch down” concept does not correspond to a single moment: it is a complex process starting from the upstream preparation to the downstream development activities and including key stages, as well as the application of the conditions (the "recommendations") to facilitate its implementation.The second concept, called "intrusiveness", consists of qualifying the innovations with regard to the impact (technical, organizational, managerial, financial) that they generate in the targeted vehicle projects. It facilitates the identification of different landing schedules according to this impact.The third concept, called "profiling", consists of identifying, for a given innovation project, all the appropriate vehicle projects as early as possible. Reversely, it also allows, for a given vehicle project, to select all the relevant innovations as early as possible.The implementation of these concepts in the company where we led our research allowed : for the proposal of an adaptive “touch down” process according to the level of intrusiveness of the innovations; for an estimation from the beginning of the innovation projects which are the more interesting for the company in terms of value and contribution to its image; for the spread of innovations in the largest possible number of vehicle projects; and for strengthening the management of the innovation projects downstream to facilitate their integration into the products.These propositions are at once subjects of discussion for the academic world as well as guidelines for practitioners who could potentially implement them in other large industrial groups
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Grahn, Kronhed Ann-Charlotte. "Community-based osteoporosis prevention : physical activity in relation to bone density, fall prevention, and the effect of training programmes : the Vadstena Osteoporosis Prevention Project /." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.ep.liu.se/diss/med/07/88/index.html.
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Ferreira, Eduardo Franco Alves. "Financiamento de sondas de perfuração de petróleo: uma análise quanto às opções de financiamento no setor." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10893.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo abordar as estruturas de financiamento de sondas de perfuração de poços de petróleo, tendo sido duas opções selecionadas para serem discutidas: o uso de empréstimos bancários e o uso de Project Bonds. O trabalho sugere uma estrutura híbrida de financiamento que tem sido usada no Brasil desde 2010 para sondas de perfuração de poços de petróleo, mas de forma não planejada, sem uma análise mais robusta dos fatores que podem interferir na escolha de uma opção em detrimento da outra. Se por um lado as restrições ao financiamento bancário de longo prazo estão aumentando, principalmente devido à adoção das regras da Basiléia III, logo isso tende a diminuir a preferência dos bancos por financiamentos de longo prazo. Por outro lado, o investidor institucional tem buscado diversificar seus investimentos de longo prazo, principalmente após a diminuição das taxas de juros nos países desenvolvidos (Europa e América do Norte). O momento atual é favorável para a discussão desta temática, portanto, o trabalho analisa de forma crítica o cenário e as opções mais utilizadas de financiamento e sugere uma alternativa de financiamento das sondas usadas na perfuração de poços para exploração de petróleo. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso, onde foi feita uma simulação de financiamento de uma sonda de perfuração do tipo drillship usando duas estruturas de financiamento: a primeira foi um empréstimo bancário via Project Finance e a segunda foi um empréstimo bancário via Project Finance pelo período de construção e um Project Bond após o período de construção pelo prazo remanescente. Em seguida foi feita uma análise quantitativa de algumas variáveis (taxa Treasury e risco de crédito da Petrobrás) que podem impactar as duas opções de estrutura de financiamento com o objetivo de fazer inferências sobre quais considerações os indivíduos tomadores de decisão do mercado, tais como o banco e o investidor institucional, precisam analisar antes de contratar a construção de uma sonda. Esta análise contribuirá para aumentar a previsibilidade na escolha da alternativa de financiamento de forma a proporcionar ao empreendedor a opção de financiamento mais barata antecipadamente e para que ele não precise esperar o período de construção acabar para optar em continuar no empréstimo bancário ou emitir um Project Bond. Se o empreendedor souber como essas duas variáveis se comportam durante o período de construção, poderá optar pela alternativa de financiamento mais barata no momento da estruturação do empréstimo inicial, economizando dinheiro devido ao fato de o período de empréstimo ser menor (o empréstimo seria apenas pelo período de construção) e, consequentemente, teria taxas de juros menores, quanto pelos custos adicionais cobrados em duplicidade (durante a estruturação do empréstimo e depois durante a emissão do Project Bond) que poderiam ser cobrados considerando a operação como um todo.
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Vallat, Claire. "Etude du courant annulaire de la magnétosphère terrestre à l'aide des données obtenues à bord des quatre satellites du projet CLUSTER." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30227.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le Courant Annulaire de la Magnétosphère terrestre se forme dans la région relativement proche de la Terre, et il résulte de la dérive des particules chargées qui sont injectés lors des orages magnétosphériques. Les 4 satellites de la mission Cluster permettent: (i) l'étude de la population ionique du Courant Annulaire grâce aux données de l'expérience CIS (qui révèle l'existence de structures spectrales fines); (ii) l'estimation pour la première fois de la densité de courant grâce aux données de l'expérience FGM (champ magnétique: méthode du curlomètre). Une analyse de l'évolution latitudinale du courant a été faite et l'existence d'un courant résiduel important en périodes calmes a été démontrée. Enfin, la comparaison des flux ioniques obtenus in-situ et de ceux déduits par la méthode d'inversion d'images magnétosphériques en atomes énergétiques neutres a permis de valider cette méthode pour la première fois et montre l'intérêt de resituer les mesures locales dans un contexte globalThe ring current in the Earth's magnetosphere is a toroidal-shaped current system flowing in the near-Earth region, and results from the drift of charged particles injected during magnetospheric storms. The 4 Cluster spacecraft allow: (i) the study of the ring current ions using the CIS experiment data (which reveal very narrow spectral structures); (ii) the calculation for the first time of the current density, using FGM experiment data (curlometer technique based on 4 simultaneous points of magnetic field measurements). An analysis of the current's latitudinal profile is performed and the existence of a substantial residual current during quiet times is revealed. Finally, a comparison between ion fluxes obtained in-situ by Cluster and fluxes deduced from the inversion of magnetospheric energetic neutral atom images allows, for the first time, to validate the inversion method and proves the complementarity of the two approaches, i. E. Local measurements and neutral atom global imaging
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Delf, Penny. "A research project to design, implement and assess the effectiveness of a sole eLearning module to prepare non-medical healthcare practitioners to report nuclear medicine bone scans." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2012. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-research-project-to-design-implement-and-assess-the-effectiveness-of-a-sole-elearning-module-to-prepare-nonmedical-healthcare-practitioners-to-report-nuclear-medicine-bone-scans(6c8171ea-804b-49b8-ab21-eaf80e7207b5).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The premise for this research initially stemmed from a perceived crisis facing the provision of the nuclear medicine service within the United Kingdom, the possible impact posed by the shortage of nuclear medicine clinicians and the untapped potential of a body of non-medical healthcare practitioners working within the nuclear medicine sector to whom recognised additional roles, such as reporting of images, may sensibly be delegated. Yet, despite the support by various professional bodies and colleges, uptake is not widespread and appears to be ill provided for in terms of educational programmes. From an educational perspective, with ever advancing technology and the ubiquity of web based resources, eLearning within healthcare is still in its infancy. Certainly its ability and flexibility to reach geographically diverse populations of learners, is undisputed, yet whilst advantageous to the professional leaner in accessing material away from a restricted campus based environment, its efficacy to teach a skill, or competence, and indeed to translate this to clinical practice remains largely unproven. With both these issue in mind, the project question was posed as to whether it was possible to establish the efficacy and credibility of an eLearning resource to prepare and support the training of non-medical healthcare practitioners working within the field of nuclear medicine in reporting of bone scans.
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Sahli, Abderrahim. "Problèmes d'ordonnancement avec production et consommation des ressources." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2309/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La plupart des travaux de recherches sur les problèmes d'ordonnancement traitent le cas des ressources renouvelables, c'est-à-dire des ressources qui sont exigées en début d'exécution de chaque tâche et sont restituées en fin d'exécution. Peu d'entre eux abordent les problèmes à ressources consommables, c'est-à-dire des ressources non restituées en fin d'exécution. Le problème de gestion de projet à contraintes de ressources (RCPSP) est le problème à ressources renouvelables le plus traité dans la littérature. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à une généralisation du problème RCPSP qui correspond au cas où les tâches sont remplacées par des événements liés par des relations de précédence étendues. Chaque événement peut produire ou consommer une quantité de ressources à sa date d'occurrence et la fonction économique reste la durée totale à minimiser. Nous avons nommé cette généralisation ERCPSP (Extended RCPSP). Nous avons élaboré des modèles de programmation linéaire pour résoudre ce problème. Nous avons proposé plusieurs bornes inférieures algorithmiques exploitant les travaux de la littérature sur les problèmes cumulatifs. Ensuite, nous avons élargi la portée des méthodes utilisées pour la mise en place de méthodes de séparation et évaluation. Nous avons traité aussi des cas particuliers par des méthodes basées sur la programmation dynamiqueThis thesis investigates the Extended Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (ERCPSP). ERCPSP is a general scheduling problem where the availability of a resource is depleted and replenished at the occurrence times of a set of events. It is an extension of the Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) where activities are replaced by events, which have to be scheduled subject to generalized precedence relations. We are interested in this thesis in proposing new methodologies and approaches to solve ERCPSP. First, we study some polynomial cases of this problem and we propose a dynamic programming algorithm to solve the parallel chain case. Then, we propose lower bounds, mixed integer programming models, and a branch-and-bound method to solve ERCPSP. Finally, we develop an instance generator dedicated to this problem
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Koné, Oumar. "Nouvelles approches pour la résolution du problème d'ordonnancement de projet à moyens limités." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/681/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons étudié deux types de problèmes d'ordonnancement. La majeure partie concerne le problème d'ordonnancement de projet à moyens limités (RCPSP). Le problème d'ordonnancement des opérations de manutention dans un entrepôt de transbordement ("crossdocking") est également traité avec une moindre importance. Dans une première partie (la plus étendue), nous abordons le RCPSP. À partir de modélisations utilisant la programmation linéaire en nombres entiers, nous avons proposé deux nouvelles formulations de ce problème, utilisant des variables indicées par des événements. Dans l'une d'entre elles, on utilise une variable binaire pour marquer le début de l'exécution de chaque activité et une autre variable pour marquer sa fin. Dans la seconde proposition, une seule variable est utilisée. Elle identifie les événements après lesquels l'activité reste en cours ou débute son exécution. De façon générale, comparées à d'autres modèles de la littérature sur divers types d'instances, nos propositions affichent des résultats plus intéressants sur les instances contenant des activités aux durées disparates et associées à de longs horizons d'ordonnancement. En particulier, sur ces mêmes types d'instances mais hautement cumulatives (caractéristiques de base du RCPSP), elles sont également les plus performantes. Nous avons également abordé la résolution d'une extension du RCPSP consistant à prendre en compte des ressources particulières, qui peuvent être consommées en début d'exécution de chaque activité, mais aussi produites à leur fin : il s'agit du RCPSP avec consommation et production de ressources. Afin d'effectuer une comparaison expérimentale entre différents modèles, nous avons proposé une adaptation de nos formulations basées événements, des formulations à temps discret de Pritsker et de Christofides, et de la formulation à temps continu basée sur les flots (proposé par Artigues sur la base des travaux de Balas). Globalement, les résultats montrent que nos formulations basées événements obtiennent les meilleurs résultats sur bon nombre de types d'instances. .In this thesis, we studied two types of scheduling problems. The major part concerns the Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP). The scheduling problem of handling operations in a warehouse of Crossdocking is also dealt. First, from models using mixed integer linear programming, we proposed two new formulations of this problem, using variables indexed by events. In one of them, we use a binary variable to mark the beginning of the performing of each activity and another variable to mark its end. In the second proposal, a single variable is used. It identifies events in which the activity starts or continues its performing. Overall, compared to other models in the literature on various types of instances, our proposals show more interesting results on the instances with long scheduling horizons containing activities with disparate durations. In particular, on the highly cumulative instances (basic characteristics of RCPSP) of these types of instances, they are the most efficient. We also treat the resolution of the extension of the RCPSP which consists in taking into account specific resources that can be consumed during the performing of each activity, but also produced in another quantity at the end of performing of each activity: it is the RCPSP with consumption and production of resources. To make a comparison between different experimental models, we proposed an adaptation of our event-based formulations, the discrete-time formulations of Pritsker and Christofides, and the flow-based continuous-time formulation (proposed by Artigues on basis of the work of Balas). Overall, the results show that our event-based formulations are most successful on many types of instances. Second, in one less extensive part, we proposed a branch-and-bound using some cuts based on the Pareto frontier for the resolution of the scheduling problem of handling operations in a warehouse of Crossdocking. The excellent results obtained, which had strengthened our questions about the non-proved complexity of this problem, have contributed to establish later that this problem is of polynomial complexity
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Barthel, Pierre-Arnaud. "Faire la ville au bord de l'eau. Les lacs de Tunis: des marges urbaines à des sites de trés grands projets d'aménagement." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00422592.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Depuis les années 1990, à l'instar des autres capitales méditerranéennes, Tunis s'oriente vers une programmation plus stratégique de son développement, dont le projet urbain est la clef de voûte. Parmi les aménagements urbains les plus visibles de ces dernières années, l'urbanisation de la lagune constitue le chantier le plus important du Monde Arabe : 2 600 ha de réserves foncières, situées en coeur de capitale et en majorité gagnées sur le plan d'eau, sont en cours de lotissement, et ce, jusqu'en 2040-2050 pour les dernières tranches opérationnelles ! De façon à réactualiser et à compléter un certain nombre d'analyses publiées sur Tunis au cours des années 1980, la thèse de Pierre-Arnaud Barthel brosse à grands traits les dynamiques urbaines actuelles de cette métropole émergente marquée par une franche accélération de la fabrication de la ville légale et illégale, mais aussi par une recomposition des modes d'action de l'État liée à l'implication croissante des acteurs privés et internationaux.
Ce travail s'adresse à un public intéressé par les questions urbaines et d'aménagement pour lequel des clés de compréhension des enjeux actuels dans le Grand Tunis sont proposées. Il constituera une ouverture sur un contexte métropolitain d'une capitale du Sud. En proposant une analyse fouillée de la mise en projet de la lagune qui est emblématique de nouveaux modes de faire la ville, ce mémoire fournit également l'occasion de contribuer à la thématique du " waterfront development " très bien connue dans la littérature existante au sujet des ports maritimes et villes fluviales des pays riches, mais relativement méconnue pour les fronts d'eau sud-méditerranéens.
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Gabriel, Jan. "Obytný soubor Nový Žižkov - stavebně technologický projekt." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392137.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The subject of this diploma thesis is the elaboration of a construction technological project for the construction of a residential complex Nový Žižkov in Poděbrady, where I will focus on the technological stage of the gross building of the main building SO-01 apartment building – section BI+BII (56 dwelling units). The supporting system of the building is composed of a combination of monolithic reinforced concrete structures and ceramic blocks. The foundation of a residential building is designed as a reinforced concrete basin with reinforcing ribs. The diploma thesis contains a text and attachment part.
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Pospíšilová, Renata. "Návrh kabeláže v průmyslovém prostředí - administrativní budova." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223201.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The goal of this master’s thesis is to suggest a cabling system in an administration building of company PHARMIX s.r.o. This cabling system must improve nowadays situation in the administration building and simultaneously has to make possible reserves for following enlargement of computing equipment. This cabling system must be also variable in case of possible rebuilding offices. In the master’s thesis, there are described processes whose aim is an optimal solution, to suggested cabling system.
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Chapuis, Cédric. "Architecture et contrôle du patinage d'un véhicule mono et multi-source de puissance." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0104/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les progrès techniques faits ces dernières années dans le domaine des batteries ainsi que le durcissement des normes écologiques entraînent un regain d'intérêt pour les véhicules hybrides et électriques. La possibilité d'utiliser plusieurs sources de puissance à l'intérieur d'un même véhicule conduit à remettre en question les architectures traditionnelles des véhicules et à étudier des architectures multi-sources. Après un état de l'art des architectures et des systèmes de transmission de couple, le véhicule prototype du projet VELROUE, utilisé par la suite comme moyen d'essai, est présenté. Puis, le contrôle du patinage des roues arrière du véhicule VELROUE équipé d'un moteur thermique sur le train avant et de deux moteurs électriques reliés aux roues arrière est étudié. Ensuite, différents modèles véhicules sont détaillés en vue d'analyser les transferts d'énergie au sein du système à l'aide de l'outil Bond Graph, de synthétiser des lois de commande de contrôle du patinage et de simuler le comportement du véhicule pour valider les fonctions d'anti-patinage (ASR). Une première commande de type PID qui servira de référence est dans un premier temps introduite. La contribution principale de ce travail de thèse concerne la synthèse et la mise en oeuvre de commandes non linéaires soit par retour linéarisant, soit basée sur la théorie de la platitude. Les modèles de synthèses de commande sont issus d'hypothèses classiques retenues lors des situations de vie considérées : dynamique longitudinale, pompage et tangage sur un double modèle bicyclette. Une stratégie de commande est également développée afin d'assurer la sécurité du conducteur, de réduire les besoins matériels et d'améliorer l'agrément conducteur. Enfin, les commandes non linéaires développées sont testées en simulation puis validées expérimentalement sur le véhicule VELROUE. Une comparaison de ces commandes est effectuée selon des critères énergétiques, de performances, de complexité et de coût. Ces techniques développées pour l'ASR sont étendues pour des phases de freinage récupératif (MSR), qui constitue également une originalité de ces travauxThe technical progress made during last years in the battery field and the environmental standards hardening lead to an increased interest in hybrid and electric vehicles. The possibility to use several power sources inside a vehicle leads to question the traditional vehicle architectures and to study multi-power sources architectures. After a state of the art on architectures and torque transmission systems, the VELROUE project's prototype is presented. This prototype is later used as a validation platform. Then, the rear wheels slipping control of the VELROUE vehicle which is equipped with an internal combustion engine on the front axle and with two electric motors connected to the rear wheels is studied. Next, different vehicle models are described to analyze energy transfers inside the system using Bond Graph, to synthesize anti-slipping control laws and to simulate the vehicle behavior in order to validate the anti-slipping functions (ASR). A first PID-like controller is initially introduced to serve as reference. The main contribution of this thesis deals with the synthesis and implementation of nonlinear controls either using linearizing feedback, or based on the flatness theory. The synthesis controls models come from classical hypothesis: longitudinal and vertical dynamics and pitch on a double bicycle model. A control strategy is also developed to assure driver's security, to reduce material needs and to enhance the driver approval. Finally, the nonlinear controls developed here are simulated and then experimentally validated on the VELROUE vehicle. A comparison of these commands is performed according to energy, performance, complexity and cost criteria. These control laws developed for ASR are extended to regenerative braking phases (MSR), which is also an originality of this work
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Bercovitz, Rémi. "Paysage, médiation paysagère et "bon état écologique" de la haute vallée de la Sèvre niortaise : mener une enquête historique pour fonder un projet partagé (XVIIIème -XXIème siècles)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30051/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Notre recherche doctorale propose, sur la base des résultats d’une expérimentation menée dans la haute vallée de la Sèvre niortaise, une contribution à la théorisation de ce que pourrait être une pratique paysagiste de la médiation environnementale par le paysage. A l’initiative de ce travail se trouve l’interrogation formulée par le Conseil Général des Deux-Sèvres quand aux modalités et aux dispositifs qui pourraient favoriser une « gestion intégrée » de la ressource hydrique et de l’aménagement des cours d’eau. Le questionnement du CG79 intervient alors que les politiques publiques en la matière se réordonnent autour d’une stratégie de « restauration écologique » comprise comme un retour à un état avant « perturbations anthropiques ». A rebours de ces conceptions fondées sur l’image d’une nature menacée par l’homme, nous proposons d’aborder la problématique environnementale et celle des politiques associés dans leurs irréductibles hybridités socio-écologiques ainsi que dans leurs multiples échelles spatio-temporelles. Or pour penser la question environnementale et l’action en la matière comme un objet complexe, les sociétés ont besoin d’objets intermédiaires. Par ce terme, on entend tous les moyens matériels et conceptuels employés dans l’action collective pour diagnostiquer, se coordonner et agir. L’hypothèse fondatrice de notre recherche est que le paysage peut, à condition de se doter de méthodes, constituer un objet intermédiaire entre société et environnement. On considère en effet le paysage comme un reflet des relations socio-écologiques qui offre la possibilité de se représenter le complexe environnemental et de l’inscrire à la croisée des expertises et des logiques d’acteurs. Dans cette perspective, nous parlerons de médiation paysagère. Ce paysage-reflet, toutefois, n’est pas donné d’avance. La première tâche de la médiation paysagère est de le construire et de le faire exister comme tel aux yeux de la communauté humaine concernée. Pour ce faire, la connaissance scientifique joue un rôle de premier plan. Loin d’être un obstacle à la délibération et à la concertation, elle doit au contraire activer un processus de décryptage, et d’interprétation collective. Dans cette perspective, la singularité de notre démarche est d’inscrire au cœur de la médiation une recherche historique qui en constitue la « ressource cognitive »Any water policy oscillates between multiple vocations - social, environmental, economic, patrimonial - and arouses frequent controversies. It deploys itself according to sectorized actions, to contradictory interests and to different social representations. Today, the confliction about river landscapes re-organizes itself around a new purpose promulgated by the Water Framework European Directive: reach the " good ecological state " in 2015. Therefore, the rearrangement of the intentionality of the action is the context of my doctoral research. This one approaches the landscape at the same time as object of the knowledge and as decision-making tool. I postulate, that in front of the diversity of the social expectations and in front of the multiplicity of the objectives to be seized by the decision-makers, it is important to be able to refer to a frame integrator of reflection and action. The landscape constitutes for me this frame. In this perspective, it is envisaged as a tool of mediation capable of bringing a new "socio-territorial contract". The hypothesis of the landscape mediation thus constitutes the horizon of my contribution, which presents the methodological foundations of an approach which, applied to the case of the river landscapes of the Sèvre niortaise, is leaned on the construction and the sharing of an historical knowledge
Toda política del agua oscila entre preocupaciones y vocaciones múltiples – sociales, ambientales, económicas, patrimoniales… - y suscita frecuentes controversias. Con ella se ponen en marcha acciones sectorizadas en las que participan diferentes actores con intereses contradictorios y sistemas de representación social bien diferenciados. Hoy en día, los conflictos en relación con los paisajes del fondo del valle se reorganizan alrededor de un nuevo objetivo promulgado por la Directiva Marco Europea del Agua : alcanzar el « buen estado ecológico » de los ríos en el año 2015. Es en este contexto de cambio en las políticas del agua en el cual se basa mi investigación doctoral, en la cual se aborda el paisaje a la vez como objeto de conocimiento e instrumento de ayuda en las decisiones. Se postula que frente a la diversidad de las esperas sociales y los múltiples objetivos a tener en cuenta por los responsables de la gestión del agua, es importante poder referirse a un marco integrador de reflexión y acción. Para mi, el paisaje constituye este marco. En esta perspectiva, el paisaje se contempla como una herramienta de mediación capaz de construir un nuevo «contrato social y territorial ». La hipótesis de la mediación a través del paisaje constituye el horizonte de esta tesis, que presenta los fundamentos metodológicos de un procedimiento que, aplicado al caso de la Sèvre niortaise, se apoya en el hecho de construir y compartir conocimientos históricos
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Letouzey, Agnès. "Ordonnancement interactif basé sur des indicateurs : Applications à la gestion de commandes incertaines et à l'affectation des opérateurs." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7365/1/letouzey.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pour répondre aux attentes de clients de plus en plus exigeants, les entreprises d'aujourd'hui doivent accroître leur compétitivité, leur productivité et leur réactivité. Pour répondre à ces exigences, la fonction ordonnancement se doit d'être plus réactive, plus performante et plus adaptée aux spécificités des compagnies. Parmi les différentes possibilités d'évolution de l'ordonnancement, la voie de l'ordonnancement interactif semble répondre à ces besoins, et parmi les approches possibles de l'interactivité, l'utilisation d'indicateurs permet au gestionnaire d'atelier de connaître toutes les données nécessaires à la mise au point d'un ordonnancement performant. Quatre types d'indicateurs ont été définis : - des indicateurs de contexte décrivant l'état général de l'atelier, - des indicateurs de diagnostic aidant à identifier les causes de problèmes courants, - des indicateurs d'action renseignant sur la pertinence et l'efficacité de l'utilisation des degrés de liberté, - des indicateurs de performance, évaluant les performances de l'ordonnancement par rapport aux objectifs de l'entreprise. Cette approche de l'ordonnancement interactif a été appliquée à deux problématiques actuelles. Des indicateurs spécifiques à ces deux problèmes ont été définis. La première application concerne la prise en compte dans l'ordonnancement de commandes incertaines, encore en cours de négociation. La deuxième application concerne la gestion des opérateurs de production à court terme, au niveau de l'ordonnancement. Un outil de construction de tableaux de bord mettant en oeuvre ces différents indicateurs a été réalisé dans le cadre d'un projet européen (le projet ASPIRE).
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Sutter, Thibault. "Etude des relations os/muscle et projet de courbes de référence de la densité minérale osseuse et de la composition corporelle chez l’homme jeune : étude multicentrique française." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2006/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Notre objectif à court terme est d’établir des courbes de référence Française de la densité osseuse (DMO) et de la composition corporelle masculine une fois que nous aurons toutes les données issues de tous les centres. Nous avons donc réalisé deux études préliminaires dans le cadre de ce projet dont les objectifs sont les suivants :A) Etudier les déterminants de la DMO corps entier mais aussi spécifiques de site osseux en lien avec les mesures de composition corporelle, de force musculaire et de l’activité physique chez l’homme jeune B) Cross-calibration in vitro des paramètres de densité osseuse et de composition corporelle mesurés par l’absorptiométrie bi-photonique à rayons X (DXA) afin d’établir les facteurs correctifs à appliquer in vivo dans le cadre de notre projet de courbe de référence chez l’homme jeune.Grâce à la DXA, notre étude a confirmé que la masse maigre était le facteur le plus important associé aux paramètres de la DMO sur tous les sites osseux étudiés et que la masse grasse avait un impact négatif sur la DMO. Aucune association n'a été trouvée entre activité physique et DMO. La force de préhension était significativement mais modérément corrélée avec la DMO. Concernant la cross-calibration, les résultats ont montré que l’oscillation des résultats entre les différents DXA des centres est un sujet de préoccupation pour les études multicentriques et en particulier pour l’évaluation de la composition corporelle. La cross-calibration nous a permis de calculer les facteurs correctifs à appliquer sur les données issues des centres impliqués. Afin de limiter ces variations, il serait souhaitable de mettre au point un fantôme corps entier standard qui serait utilisé pour les études multicentriquesOur short-term goal is to establish French reference curves of bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition once we have data from all centers. We have therefore carried out two preliminary studies for this project whose objectives are as follows: A) To study the determinants of whole body BMD but also bone site specific in relation to measurements of body composition, muscle strength and physical activity in young men B) Cross-calibration in vitro of bone mineral density and body composition parameters measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in order to establish in vivo the correction factors to be used in our baseline project in young men. Using DXA, our study confirmed that lean mass was the most important factor associated with BMD parameters at all bone sites and fat mass had a negative impact on BMD. Grip strength was significantly but moderately correlated with BMD at all sites. No association was found between physical activity and BMD. Regarding cross-calibration, the results showed that the oscillation of the results between the different DXA centers is a problem for multicenter studies and in particular for the evaluation of body composition. Cross-calibration allowed us to calculate the corrective factors to be applied to the data from the centers involved. In order to limit these variations, it would be desirable to develop a standard whole-body phantom that would be used for multicentre studies
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Nádlerová, Simona. "Hodnocení investice do fotovoltaické elektrárny." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197059.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this diploma paper is to present economic models used to evaluate the investment and its implementation in calculating merits of investment in photovoltaic power plant. It consists of theoretical and practical part. Most importantly, the discounted cash flow method is used to evaluate the investment. To calculate the impact of potential adverse scenarios, cash flow streams of each of them were multiplied by their probabilities. Next stage of the paper provides sensitivity analysis for major risk factors. Finally, the breakeven point was determined and presented as a subsidiary case for investment decision.
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Nilsson, Rebecka, and Martin Wramsby. "Konstituerandet av en maskulin respektive feminin identitet : En socialpsykologisk studie av sociala relationers betydelse för konstituerandet av en maskulin respektive feminin identitet för ungdomarna i Rädda Barnens projekt Ellen & allan." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-21523.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Denna uppsats tar sin början i ett intresse av att studera ungdomars konstituerande av identitet. Vi valde att utföra vår studie i Rädda Barnens projekt Ellen & allan som arrangerar samtalsgrupper med en normkritisk agenda för ungdomar i 14-års ålder. Syftet är att genom en kvalitativ studie skapa förståelse för hur ungdomarna som deltar i Ellen & allan konstituerar en maskulin respektive feminin identitet, samt betydelsen av ungdomarnas sociala relationer för detta konstituerande. Studiens omfattning utgörs av tre intervjuer med projektledare och samtalsledare för projektet och av sex timmars observation vid fyra separata tillfällen i en Ellengrupp och i en allangrupp. Intervjuerna bidrog till kunskap om projektet som förberedde oss och skapade ett tydligt fokus inför vårt möte med fältet. Intervjuerna var utformade på ett sådant sätt att de kom att generera material som korrelerade med våra observationsdata. Från vår analys av intervjuer och observationer drar vi slutsatsen att ungdomarnas behov av att skapa och upprätthålla sociala relationer leder till en konformitet inom samtalsgrupperna som bidrar till att ungdomarnas konstituerande av maskulin respektive feminin identitet görs med ursprung i en maskulin heterosexuell hegemoni. I denna hegemoni förknippas den maskulina identiteten med överordning och makt medan den feminina identiteten är passiv och underordnad och anses vara den maskulina identitetens motsats.The notion of this study initially started taking shape through our interest in studying the constitution of identity in young adolescent people. The study was carried out in the Save the Children project Ellen & allan which organizes discussion groups with a norm-critical agenda for young people in the age of 14. The purpose of this study was to analyze how young people participating in Ellen & allan constitutes a masculine and feminine identity, and the importance of young people's social relationships for this constituent. The study consists of three interviews with project managers and discussion leaders of the project, and of six hours of observation on four separate occasions in an Ellen-group and in an allan-group. The interviews contributed to an understanding of the project which prepared us and created a clear focus for our meeting with the field. The interviews were also designed in such a way that they came to produce data that could be correlated with our observation data. From our analysis of the interviews and observations, we conclude that young people’s need to create and maintain social relationships lead to conformity within the discussion groups, contributing to adolescents constituting a masculine and feminine identity that originates from a masculine heterosexual hegemony. In such hegemony the masculine identity consists of attributes of agency and power, whereas the feminine identity is passive and subordinate and is considered being the opposite of a masculine identity.
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Fernandez, Guillaume. "Mesure et lisibilité de la performance globale et durable : modélisation d'un tableau de bord intégrateur." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nos travaux portent sur l’objet d’observation scientifique suivant : mesure et lisibilité de la performance globale et durable, appliqué au champ des organisations de l’économie sociale et solidaire.Notre objectif est de démontrer qu’il est possible de créer un système de contrôle de gestion de la performance globale et durable (PFGD), qui intègre les diverses dimensions visibles et cachées de la performance économique et sociale des organisations de l’économie sociale et solidaire, tout en contribuant à augmenter la lisibilité de la PFGD auprès des parties prenantes internes et externes.Nous commençons notre exposé autour de la question des enjeux de la mesure de la performance globale et durable (désormais PFGD), avec un focus spécifique sur notre champ composé des organisations de l’économie sociale et solidaire (désormais OESS). Ensuite, parmi les différentes approches abordées, nous concentrons notre analyse sur l’ingénierie de la mesure socio-économique. Au regard de notre problématique, cette approche semble proposer des éléments de réponse à la fois sur la globalité et la durabilité de la performance, mais aussi sur sa lisibilité pour les parties prenantes. La deuxième partie de notre thèse présente notre proposition, qui prend la forme d’un outil spécifique du système de contrôle de gestion socio-économique : le tableau de bord de pilotage et de mesure de la PFGD. D’une part, nos résultats détaillent les dégradations de la PFGD, rendues visibles par une approche qualimétrique d’explicitation des coûts et des performances cachés. D’autre part, nous expliciterons de manière qualitative les différentes illustrations du manque d’intégration de la PFGD. Enfin, nous proposons un modèle, ainsi qu’un exemple de tableau de bord, qui intègrent à la fois une visibilité accrue de la PFGD, ainsi qu’une lisibilité augmentée pour les parties prenantes internes et externesNos travaux portent sur l’objet d’observation scientifique suivant : mesure et lisibilité de la performance globale et durable, appliqué au champ des organisations de l’économie sociale et solidaire.Notre objectif est de démontrer qu’il est possible de créer un système de contrôle de gestion de la performance globale et durable (PFGD), qui intègre les diverses dimensions visibles et cachées de la performance économique et sociale des organisations de l’économie sociale et solidaire, tout en contribuant à augmenter la lisibilité de la PFGD auprès des parties prenantes internes et externes.Nous commençons notre exposé autour de la question des enjeux de la mesure de la performance globale et durable (désormais PFGD), avec un focus spécifique sur notre champ composé des organisations de l’économie sociale et solidaire (désormais OESS). Ensuite, parmi les différentes approches abordées, nous concentrons notre analyse sur l’ingénierie de la mesure socio-économique. Au regard de notre problématique, cette approche semble proposer des éléments de réponse à la fois sur la globalité et la durabilité de la performance, mais aussi sur sa lisibilité pour les parties prenantes. La deuxième partie de notre thèse présente notre proposition, qui prend la forme d’un outil spécifique du système de contrôle de gestion socio-économique : le tableau de bord de pilotage et de mesure de la PFGD. D’une part, nos résultats détaillent les dégradations de la PFGD, rendues visibles par une approche qualimétrique d’explicitation des coûts et des performances cachés. D’autre part, nous expliciterons de manière qualitative les différentes illustrations du manque d’intégration de la PFGD. Enfin, nous proposons un modèle, ainsi qu’un exemple de tableau de bord, qui intègrent à la fois une visibilité accrue de la PFGD, ainsi qu’une lisibilité augmentée pour les parties prenantes internes et externes
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RUSSO, Vincenzo. "Pricing and managing life insurance risks." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/26710.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this thesis is to investigate about the quantitative models used for pricing and managing life insurance risks. It was done analyzing the existing literature about methods and models used in the insurance field in order to developing (1) new stochastic models for longevity and mortality risks and (2) new pricing functions for life insurance policies and options embedded in such contracts.
The motivations for this research are to be searched essentially in: (1) a new risk-based solvency framework for the insurance industry, the so-called Solvency II project, that will becomes effective in 2013/2014; (2) a new IAS/IFRS fair value-based accounting for insurance contracts, the so-called IFRS 4 (Phase 2) project (to be approval); (3) more rigorous quantitative analysis required by the industry in pricing and risk management of life insurance risks.
The first part of the thesis (first and second chapters) contains a review of the quantitative models used for interest rates and longevity/mortality modeling. The second part (remaining chapters) describes new methods and quantitative models that it thinks could be useful in the context of pricing and insurance risk management.
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Zhang, Shao-Yong. "Formulation et résolution de problèmes à variables mixtes. Application à la conception et à la modélisation de procédés chimiques." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT043G.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Presentation d'une procedure d'optimisation en variables mixtes pour la conception de procedes et l'identification de modeles de genie chimique. Developpement d'un algorithme de programmation mixte base sur un principe de decomposition, de projection et de relaxation permettant le traitement des problemes non lineaires a variables non necessairement separables. Presentation d'une procedure de decomposition de superstructure permettant de denombrer l'ensemble de toutes les variables discretes et continues du probleme. Illustration par deux exemples d'application: conception optimale d'un procede comportant un ensemble de reacteurs-separateurs et identification d'un modele de representation d'une operation de traitement d'effluents aqueux
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Cheng, Jianqiang. "Stochastic Combinatorial Optimization." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112261.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dans cette thèse, nous étudions trois types de problèmes stochastiques : les problèmes avec contraintes probabilistes, les problèmes distributionnellement robustes et les problèmes avec recours. Les difficultés des problèmes stochastiques sont essentiellement liées aux problèmes de convexité du domaine des solutions, et du calcul de l’espérance mathématique ou des probabilités qui nécessitent le calcul complexe d’intégrales multiples. A cause de ces difficultés majeures, nous avons résolu les problèmes étudiées à l’aide d’approximations efficaces.Nous avons étudié deux types de problèmes stochastiques avec des contraintes en probabilités, i.e., les problèmes linéaires avec contraintes en probabilité jointes (LLPC) et les problèmes de maximisation de probabilités (MPP). Dans les deux cas, nous avons supposé que les variables aléatoires sont normalement distribués et les vecteurs lignes des matrices aléatoires sont indépendants. Nous avons résolu LLPC, qui est un problème généralement non convexe, à l’aide de deux approximations basée sur les problèmes coniques de second ordre (SOCP). Sous certaines hypothèses faibles, les solutions optimales des deux SOCP sont respectivement les bornes inférieures et supérieures du problème du départ. En ce qui concerne MPP, nous avons étudié une variante du problème du plus court chemin stochastique contraint (SRCSP) qui consiste à maximiser la probabilité de la contrainte de ressources. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous avons proposé un algorithme de Branch and Bound pour calculer la solution optimale. Comme la relaxation linéaire n’est pas convexe, nous avons proposé une approximation convexe efficace. Nous avons par la suite testé nos algorithmes pour tous les problèmes étudiés sur des instances aléatoires. Pour LLPC, notre approche est plus performante que celles de Bonferroni et de Jaganathan. Pour MPP, nos résultats numériques montrent que notre approche est là encore plus performante que l’approximation des contraintes probabilistes individuellement.La deuxième famille de problèmes étudiés est celle relative aux problèmes distributionnellement robustes où une partie seulement de l’information sur les variables aléatoires est connue à savoir les deux premiers moments. Nous avons montré que le problème de sac à dos stochastique (SKP) est un problème semi-défini positif (SDP) après relaxation SDP des contraintes binaires. Bien que ce résultat ne puisse être étendu au cas du problème multi-sac-à-dos (MKP), nous avons proposé deux approximations qui permettent d’obtenir des bornes de bonne qualité pour la plupart des instances testées. Nos résultats numériques montrent que nos approximations sont là encore plus performantes que celles basées sur les inégalités de Bonferroni et celles plus récentes de Zymler. Ces résultats ont aussi montré la robustesse des solutions obtenues face aux fluctuations des distributions de probabilités. Nous avons aussi étudié une variante du problème du plus court chemin stochastique. Nous avons prouvé que ce problème peut se ramener au problème de plus court chemin déterministe sous certaine hypothèses. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous avons proposé une méthode de B&B où les bornes inférieures sont calculées à l’aide de la méthode du gradient projeté stochastique. Des résultats numériques ont montré l’efficacité de notre approche. Enfin, l’ensemble des méthodes que nous avons proposées dans cette thèse peuvent s’appliquer à une large famille de problèmes d’optimisation stochastique avec variables entièresIn this thesis, we studied three types of stochastic problems: chance constrained problems, distributionally robust problems as well as the simple recourse problems. For the stochastic programming problems, there are two main difficulties. One is that feasible sets of stochastic problems is not convex in general. The other main challenge arises from the need to calculate conditional expectation or probability both of which are involving multi-dimensional integrations. Due to the two major difficulties, for all three studied problems, we solved them with approximation approaches.We first study two types of chance constrained problems: linear program with joint chance constraints problem (LPPC) as well as maximum probability problem (MPP). For both problems, we assume that the random matrix is normally distributed and its vector rows are independent. We first dealt with LPPC which is generally not convex. We approximate it with two second-order cone programming (SOCP) problems. Furthermore under mild conditions, the optimal values of the two SOCP problems are a lower and upper bounds of the original problem respectively. For the second problem, we studied a variant of stochastic resource constrained shortest path problem (called SRCSP for short), which is to maximize probability of resource constraints. To solve the problem, we proposed to use a branch-and-bound framework to come up with the optimal solution. As its corresponding linear relaxation is generally not convex, we give a convex approximation. Finally, numerical tests on the random instances were conducted for both problems. With respect to LPPC, the numerical results showed that the approach we proposed outperforms Bonferroni and Jagannathan approximations. While for the MPP, the numerical results on generated instances substantiated that the convex approximation outperforms the individual approximation method.Then we study a distributionally robust stochastic quadratic knapsack problems, where we only know part of information about the random variables, such as its first and second moments. We proved that the single knapsack problem (SKP) is a semedefinite problem (SDP) after applying the SDP relaxation scheme to the binary constraints. Despite the fact that it is not the case for the multidimensional knapsack problem (MKP), two good approximations of the relaxed version of the problem are provided which obtain upper and lower bounds that appear numerically close to each other for a range of problem instances. Our numerical experiments also indicated that our proposed lower bounding approximation outperforms the approximations that are based on Bonferroni's inequality and the work by Zymler et al.. Besides, an extensive set of experiments were conducted to illustrate how the conservativeness of the robust solutions does pay off in terms of ensuring the chance constraint is satisfied (or nearly satisfied) under a wide range of distribution fluctuations. Moreover, our approach can be applied to a large number of stochastic optimization problems with binary variables.Finally, a stochastic version of the shortest path problem is studied. We proved that in some cases the stochastic shortest path problem can be greatly simplified by reformulating it as the classic shortest path problem, which can be solved in polynomial time. To solve the general problem, we proposed to use a branch-and-bound framework to search the set of feasible paths. Lower bounds are obtained by solving the corresponding linear relaxation which in turn is done using a Stochastic Projected Gradient algorithm involving an active set method. Meanwhile, numerical examples were conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained algorithm. Concerning the resolution of the continuous relaxation, our Stochastic Projected Gradient algorithm clearly outperforms Matlab optimization toolbox on large graphs
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Imamovic, Arnela. "Cash is [no longer] king: is an e-krona the answer? : - a de lege ferenda investigation of the Swedish Riksbank's issuing mandate and other legal callenges in relation to economic effects on the payment market." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-156410.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For the past decades, the Swedish public’s payment habits have changed, where the majority of the public has abandoned the old way of making payments, using cash, and instead opted for more modern payment solutions, digital money. The difference between cash and digital money is that cash is physical and only issued by the Riksbank, whereas digital money is created by and stored on accounts at commercial banks. The question of what role the state should have on the payment market is an important point of discussion. But it is not categorically a new question; the Swedish government is tackling essentially the same problem today as it has been doing many times before. Today’s problem is to some extent however manifested in a different way. During the 20th century, discussions were held whether or not the Riksbank should have the exclusive right to issue banknotes. It was considered unnecessary, inappropriate and dangerous. The idea that the Riksbank could cover the entire economy’s need for banknotes was, according to the commercial banks, unreasonable. Nonetheless, in 1904 the exclusive right became fait accompli; the government intervened and gave the Riksbank the banknote monopoly. We are now finding ourselves facing a similar situation, where there is a difference of opinion regarding the Riksbank’s role on the payment market. It is therefore nothing new, but rather an expected task for the government, and thus the central bank, to analyze major changes and draw conclusions from them. The problem is essentially about cash being phased out by digital means of payment. In order to therefore solve the problem, the Riksbank has started a project to investigate whether or not the Riksbank should issue digital cash to the Swedish public, what the Riksbank calls an e-krona. To introduce an e-krona would be a major step, but for the public to not have access to a government alternative, seeing as cash usage is declining, is also a major step. No decision has been made yet regarding whether the e-krona will be introduced on the market or not. A decision that however has been made, is that the Riksbank is now working on building an e-krona to develop and assess the technique. Nonetheless, an introduction would undoubtedly have consequences for both the Riksbank and the commercial banks, which ultimately means it would have effects on the economy as a whole. What about regulatory aspects; is the Riksbank even allowed to issue an e-krona under current legislation? The answer is affirmative, to a certain extent. There are furthermore many other uncertainties regarding how an e-krona would affect the economy; the Riksbank does not fully answer many of the system issues in its project reports. The question of whether or not it even is up to the Riksbank to make a decision on the matter of an introduction is also questioned by the author in the thesis.
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Huang, Chih-Min, and 黃智民. "The Role of Project Bond in Project Finance." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32258322912685406167.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士長庚大學
企業管理研究所
92
Recently, for bringing in efficiency and resource from private sector, government adopt B.O.T. in planning public infrastructure projects. The key success factor for private sector joining in public infrastructure projects is the ability of funding, including equity and debt. The financial planning of public infrastructure project is so-called “Project Financing”. The income of a public infrastructure project is the most important source to pay interest and debt. For this reason, the feasibility of funding is the key point to evaluate a public infrastructure project. If the financial planning isn’t feasible, the whole public infrastructure project will not workable through B.O.T. approach. This paper studies how to apply project bond to raise money for project financing. It delivers a 12-steps financial planning procedure to work out project finance. It combines the net cash flow structure of a project and the investor’s preference and ability of suffering loss of risk, which are bases for designing project bond. Project bond has some mechanisms attached to reduce its risk and enhance its return. These mechanisms including put option, convert option, and profit sharing right. Project bond also use credit enhancement and cash flow controlling mechanism to monitor its credit risk.