Готові списки джерел за темами / Programmes de convergence

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Programmes de convergence"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 13 квітня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Programmes de convergence"

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Lemisko, Lynn Ellen, Gemma Porter, and Kurt Clausen. "Community and Teacher Education, Convergence or Divergence? Saskatoon and the Saskatoon Normal School, 1930–1950." Alberta Journal of Educational Research 67, no. 4 (December 2, 2021): 397–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.55016/ojs/ajer.v67i4.69969.

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Teacher education in Canada is a contested discipline with long standing national and international debates about what teachers need to know and be able to do. But teacher education programmes are also influenced by the social, political, and economic context in which the programmes developed, so it is reasonable to suppose that debates about teacher education programming are connected to local issues and concerns of the community. Given the supposition that teacher education programming is shaped, at least in part, by the tensions and contentions arising in particular localities, this study provides historical insight into the relationship between a local community and a teacher education program by examining connections between the Saskatoon Normal School teacher education program and the community of Saskatoon in the years of 1930–1950. Key words: history of teacher education; community and teacher education La formation des enseignants au Canada est une discipline contestée qui fait l'objet de débats nationaux et internationaux de longue date sur ce que les enseignants doivent savoir et être capables de faire. Mais les programmes de formation des enseignants sont également influencés par le contexte social, politique et économique dans lequel ils ont été élaborés. Il est donc raisonnable de supposer que les débats sur les programmes de formation des enseignants sont liés aux questions et préoccupations locales de la communauté. Étant donné l'hypothèse selon laquelle les programmes de formation des enseignants sont façonnés, du moins en partie, par les tensions et les différends qui surgissent dans des localités particulières, cette étude fournit un aperçu historique de la relation entre une communauté locale et un programme de formation des enseignants en examinant les liens entre le programme de formation des enseignants de la Saskatoon Normal School et la communauté de Saskatoon dans les années 1930-1950. Mots clés: histoire de la formation des enseignants; communauté et formation des enseignants
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Rambe, Roosemarina Anggraini, and Purmini Purmini. "KEMAMPUAN BELANJA PEMERINTAH DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DALAM MENURUNKAN TINGKAT KEMISKINAN: BUKTI EMPIRIS DARI SUMATERA DAN JAWA." Convergence: The Journal of Economic Development 2, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/convergence-jep.v2i1.10996.

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The objective of the research is to analyze the effect of government expenditure, economic growth and previous poverty rate on the current poverty rate in Java and Sumatra. The data set was 267 local governments in year 2017. The method used in this research was multiple regression. Results show that government expenditure and economic growth affect significantly positively the poverty rate. While the previous poverty rate has negative effect on the current poverty rate. Local governments in Java and Sumatra should make appropriate programmes and activities and allocate optimally their expenditures to build the new SMEs and improve the existing SMEs abilities in order to reduce the poverty rate. Keywords : A Previous Poverty Rate 1, Economic Growth 2, Government Expenditure 3, Poverty Rate 4
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Saint-Arnaud, Sébastien, and Paul Bernard. "Convergence ou résilience ?" Sociologie et sociétés 35, no. 1 (June 15, 2004): 65–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/008511ar.

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Résumé Dans la foulée des travaux de Gøsta Esping-Andersen, plusieurs études ont défini divers régimes providentiels en Europe occidentale et en Amérique du Nord. L’examen d’un ensemble d’indicateurs sociaux au moyen d’analyses de classification hiérarchique permet de confirmer l’existence de tels modèles, qui correspondent à des articulations spécifiques entre la famille, l’État et le marché pour produire les ressources nécessaires au bien-être des individus. En fait, notre analyse permet de distinguer quatre ensembles de pays, correspondant aux trois régimes identifiés à l’origine par Esping-Andersen — social-démocrate, libéral, conservateur — auxquels s’ajoute, comme l’avaient anticipé plusieurs auteurs, un régime distinct de ce dernier, le régime latin. Ces résultats, qui persistent quand on passe des années 1980 aux années 1990, relèvent aussi l’existence de liens étroits et durables de causalité réciproque entre l’organisation des programmes sociaux dans les sociétés analysées, les situations sociales qui sont en partie le résultat des politiques élaborées, et, enfin, le niveau de participation civique, qui conduit les gens à se mobiliser (ou non) collectivement pour donner forme aux programmes sociaux. Cette analyse comparative permet de situer le Canada parmi les mondes du « capitalisme providentiel ».
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4

Dorussen, Han, and Kyriaki Nanou. "European Integration, Intergovernmental Bargaining, and Convergence of Party Programmes." European Union Politics 7, no. 2 (May 8, 2006): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465116506063709.

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5

Simoni, Mary. "Project Lovelace: unprecedented opportunities for music education." Organised Sound 8, no. 1 (April 2003): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771803001067.

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Анотація:
Project Lovelace is a school-based programme for students aged twelve to eighteen years interested in learning about making music by using technology. The programme is designed to encourage equal and equitable participation by male and female students through instruction in technology-enhanced music performance, improvisation, composition, analysis and notation. Project Lovelace is named in honour of the contributions of the female mathematician Ada Augusta, Countess of Lovelace, who in 1842 predicted that computers could be used for musical composition (Roads 1996).The goals of Project Lovelace are to develop collaborative-based methods for gender-balanced school music technology programmes, amass a gender-balanced repertoire suitable for school music technology programmes, nurture creativity and analytical skills in music technology, and conduct a longitudinal study that documents the changing attitudes and perceived competencies of participating students and teachers.The motivation to initiate Project Lovelace was the timely convergence of two vexing issues perennially facing music technology programmes in higher education, specifically at the University of Michigan: the proportionally small number of female applicants to university music technology programmes and the need to continually upgrade or replace laboratory equipment. Why not allocate second-generation university laboratory equipment to the schools with the intent of building school-based music technology curricula that lead to a gender-balanced university applicant pool?
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6

Prinz, Christopher, and William Tompson. "Sickness and disability benefit programmes: What is driving policy convergence?" International Social Security Review 62, no. 4 (October 2009): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-246x.2009.01345.x.

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7

Skovmand Rasmussen, Niels, and Nina Dietz Legind. "Article 29a – Towards a new Strategic Dimension in Supervisory Convergence?" European Company and Financial Law Review 20, no. 3 (October 16, 2023): 409–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ecfr-2023-0022.

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Abstract 409As part of the 2019 reform of the European System of Financial Supervision, the three European Supervisory Authorities were granted a completely new convergence tool in Article 29a to promote a common supervisory culture. This tool allows them to identify up to two Union Strategic Supervisory Priorities that the National Competent Authorities shall take into account when drawing up their work programme. The article provides a doctrinal legal analysis of each procedural step in Article 29a; from information gathering to assessment of national work programmes and follow-up measures. On this basis, it is argued that Article 29a has expanded the scope of the ESAs’ existing toolkit; from the operational to the strategic level. Hereby the USSPs have essentially brought a new strategic orientation to the former level 3 of the Lamfalussy process. However, this institutional development also raises several key challenges related to the ESA/NCA relationship that call for attention in the further development of this convergence tool.410
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Sanger, Thomas J., Liam J. Revell, Jeremy J. Gibson-Brown, and Jonathan B. Losos. "Repeated modification of early limb morphogenesis programmes underlies the convergence of relative limb length in Anolis lizards." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1729 (August 17, 2011): 739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0840.

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The independent evolution of similar morphologies has long been a subject of considerable interest to biologists. Does phenotypic convergence reflect the primacy of natural selection, or does development set the course of evolution by channelling variation in certain directions? Here, we examine the ontogenetic origins of relative limb length variation among Anolis lizard habitat specialists to address whether convergent phenotypes have arisen through convergent developmental trajectories. Despite the numerous developmental processes that could potentially contribute to variation in adult limb length, our analyses reveal that, in Anolis lizards, such variation is repeatedly the result of changes occurring very early in development, prior to formation of the cartilaginous long bone anlagen.
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Tésits, Róbert, Levente Alpek, and Gábor Hoványi. "Some Experience of the Complex, National Human Resource Development Programmes in the Hungarian Rural Regions." Eastern European Countryside 25, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 95–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/eec.2019.004.

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Abstract The key objective of this paper is the structural-regional examination of disadvantaged job seekers’ employability in the convergence regions of Hungary. One element of the comparative evaluation of the EU-supported, complex, national employability-enhancing programmes is the exploration of successful and unsuccessful factors and the formulation of recommendations for future projects of this kind. While the evaluation of the previous programme beginning nearly a decade ago was based on document analysis (technical procedures, budget summaries, communications plans, action and progress schedules and reports), in-depth interviews with the employment departments staff provided assistance in the evaluation accomplished five years later. The assessment of interviews was completed by the public, follow-up data about people successfully passing the programme and still being employed half a year after the closing of the programme. This data was the basis for the measurement of regional impact, which necessitated the development of two regional reintegration indicators. The group-specific evaluation pointed to the fact that low-skilled people can be involved with much less efficiency into employability-enhancing programmes. The present study also shows that the expected marginal utility of an employability programme is greater, which is realised in an economic environment driven by labour market demand.
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10

Brooker, Robert. "Parliamentary Scrutiny of UK Convergence Programmes: the One that Got Away?" European Public Law 2, Issue 3 (September 1, 1996): 437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro1996041.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Programmes de convergence"

1

Cochise, Acacia. "Multi-Perspective, Culturally Responsive Students Within Experiential Education Paradigms: A Case Study of Select Programmes in Samoa." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8200.

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Анотація:
The following study was conducted over 21 months in the South Pacific. I served as Academic Coordinator for World Learning’s SIT’s Study Abroad program in Samoa for three semesters. While overseeing independent study projects, facilitating working relationships, and promoting cross-cultural communication among the American and Pacific Islander/Samoan tertiary students, I concluded that -- through cultural immersion, experiential education and deliberate, academically fostered communication and discussion both Western and Indigenous identities are capable of converging to better mutual and lasting understanding. I spent ten months in Samoa completing my field research and five months in New Zealand completing my library research. Over the course of three academic semesters, this study evolved through my volunteer work with the group Rotaract Samoa, my research and teaching experiences with an experiential education programme, and indirectly incorporating 36 American students from various US tertiary institutions participating in the SIT Study Abroad’s Pacific Communities and Social Change semester in Samoa, and over 120 Pacific Island students and staff on the University of the South Pacific (USP) campus in Alafua, Samoa. Encouraging American students to foster relationships with indigenous peoples offered insights into the process and progress of the students’ shared interactions. Students were uncomfortable and awkward in their initial associations, however, over time, through the program’s immersion techniques, the students learned valuable lessons, about Samoan culture and themselves as human beings. I found the use of experiential education programmes and convergence methodology in multicultural learning environments ultimately promoted multi-perspective, culturally responsive student development. I collected my data through interviews, participant-observations, surveys, questionnaires, volunteering and teaching. I analysed my data using a self-reflexive anthropological perspective.
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2

Seladgi, Yassamine. "Calcul de point fixe pour la vérification de programmes numériques." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EPXX0063.

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3

Nazareno, Claudio. "Regulation and the promotion of national audio-visual content in the era of digital convergence : a comparative analysis of the United Kingdom, France and Brazil." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2013. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/regulation-and-the-promotion-of-national-audiovisual-content-in-the-era-of-digital-convergence(c52f8024-66fd-4525-8258-c78532077836).html.

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Анотація:
This research investigates how the production and distribution of nationally produced television programmes, films and other audiovisual content can be promoted by regulation. The study identifies current regulatory tools to promote national content and differences in policy approaches. It also identifies new issues resulting from the substantial transformation the media environment has undergone in recent years. The audiovisual sector today is characterised by an abundance of television channels and telecommunication services and by ongoing digital convergence, all impacting on the effectiveness and rationale of content regulation. Focused on the UK, France and Brazil, this comparative research investigates the political, regulatory, socio-cultural, economic, technological and market changes of the communication services in the recent decades and how this has impacted on the provision of national audiovisual content. The starting point of the analysis are the 1980s, when broadcasting started to be gradually liberalised, and it concludes in the 2000s, when information technologies, telecommunications and broadcasting converge into interconnected, complementary and supplementary services. This research offers a three step method of analysis which contributes to a new understanding of the mechanisms and implications involved in the production and distribution of nationally produced content in digital times. In the first step, the various socio-cultural aims of communication services as enacted in legislation are analysed. The second step explores the consequent regulatory tools for the fulfilment of those objectives. The third step provides a market evaluation of the audiovisual industries, which broadcasters and other distribution platforms provide which kind of content, and also looks at audiences‟ viewing preferences to get a better understanding of what type of content should be supported through legislation. As outcomes, this research proposes to academics, policymakers and regulators a new definition for national content and a series of regulatory actions for fostering national audiovisual industries in times of digital convergence.
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4

Todosijević, Raca. "Contributions théoriques et pratiques pour la recherche dispersée, recherche à voisinage variable et matheuristique pour les programmes en nombres entiers mixtes." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0024/document.

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Анотація:
Cette thèse comporte des résultats théoriques et pratiques sur deux métaheuristiques, la Recherche Dispersée et la Recherche Voisinage variable (RVV), ainsi que sur des Matheuristiques. Au niveau théorique, la contribution principale de cette thèse est la proposition d’un algorithme de recherche dispersée avec l’arrondi directionnel convergent pour les programmes en nombres entiers mixtes (0-1 MIP), avec une preuve de cette convergence en un nombre fini d’itérations. En se basant sur cet algorithme convergeant, deux implémentations et plusieurs heuristiques sont proposées et testées sur des instances de 0-1 MIP. Les versions testées reposent sur des implémentations non optimisées pour mettre en évidence la puissance des approches dans une forme simplifiée. Nos résultats démontrent l’efficacité de ces approches initiales, ce qui les rend attractives lorsque des solutions de très haute qualité sont recherchées avec un investissement approprié en termes d’effort de calcul. Cette thèse inclut également quelques nouvelles variantes de la métaheuristique Recherche Voisinage Variable telles qu’une recherche voisinage variable deux niveaux, une recherche voisinage variable imbriquée, une descente voisinage variable cyclique et une heuristique de plongée voisinage variable. En outre, plusieurs implémentations efficaces de ces algorithmes basés sur la recherche voisinage variable ont été appliquées avec succès à des problèmes NP-Difficiles apparaissant en transport, logistique, production d’énergie, ordonnancement, et segmentation. Les heuristiques proposées se sont avérées être les nouvelles heuristiques de référence sur tous les problèmes considérés. La dernière contribution de cette thèse repose sur la proposition de plusieurs matheuristiques pour résoudre le problème de Conception de Réseau Multi-flots avec Coût fixe (CRMC). Les performances de ces matheuristiques ont été évaluées sur un ensemble d’instances de référence du CRMC. Les résultats obtenus démontrent la compétitivité des approches proposées par rapport aux approches existantes de la littérature
This thesis consists of results obtained studying Scatter Search, Variable Neighbourhood Search (VNS), and Matheuristics in both theoretical and practical context. Regarding theoretical results, one of the main contribution of this thesis is a convergent scatter search with directional rounding algorithm for 0-1 Mixed Integer Programs (MIP) with the proof of its finite convergence. Besides this, a convergent scatter search algorithm is accompanied by two variants of its implementation. Additionally, several scatter search based heuristics, stemming from a convergent scatter search algorithm have been proposed and tested on some instances of 0-1 MIP. The versions of the methods tested are first stage implementations to establish the power of the methods in a simplified form. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of these first stage methods, which makes them attractive for use in situations where very high quality solutions are sought with an efficient investment of computational effort.This thesis also includes new variants of Variable Neighborhood Search metaheuristic such as a two-level variable neighborhood search, a nested variable neighborhood search, a cyclic variable neighborhood descent and a variable neighborhood diving. Additionally, several efficient implementation of those variable neighborhood search algorithms have been successfully applied for solving NP-Hard problems appearing in transportation, logistics, power generation, scheduling and clustering. On all tested problems, the proposed VNS heuristics turned out to be a new state-of-the art heuristics. The last contribution of this thesis consists of proposing several matheuristics for solving Fixed-Charge Multicommodity Network Design (MCND) problem. The performances of these matheuristics have been disclosed on benchmark instances for MCND. The obtained results demonstrate the competitiveness of the proposed matheuristics with other existing approaches in the literature
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5

Ogweno, Jedah. "Essays on fiscal space in developing countries : the role of international remittances, convergence programs and fiscal federalism." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1025.

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Анотація:
La politique fiscale est importante pour le financement du développement, en particulier dans le contexte d'une marge de manœuvre fiscale limitée, comme c'est le cas dans de nombreux pays en développement. Cette thèse étudie le potentiel de la politique fiscale en tant qu'atout pour financer le développement. Elle explore quatre questions fondamentales sur l'efficacité de cet outil politico-économique et la mobilisation des ressources. Le premier essai analyse l'impact des transferts de fonds des migrants sur les recettes fiscales non liées aux ressources naturelles des pays bénéficiaires de ces transferts et la manière dont la stabilité des institutions modifie cette relation. Les résultats montrent une association positive principalement à travers son effet sur les impôts indirects. En outre, la qualité des institutions n'augmente pas la relation entre les envois de fonds et la fiscalité, car cet effet positif diminue à mesure que les institutions se stabilisent. Le deuxième essai étudie la contribution des programmes de convergence macroéconomique à la convergence fiscale et à la viabilité fiscale des communautés économiques régionales africaines. Malgré l'absence de convergence fiscale absolue au niveau de la dette publique, des recettes et des dépenses, les tests log-t montrent une convergence conditionnelle. En outre, l'analyse qui suit ne parvient pas à valider l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'appartenance à une zone monétaire, qui est perçue comme la forme la plus profonde d'intégration, améliore la réponse de la politique fiscale à l'augmentation de la dette publique. Le troisième essai examine les effets de la décentralisation des dépenses et de l'autonomie des recettes sur la performance fiscale du gouvernement central (CG) et des gouvernements locaux (SNG). Les résultats montrent que la décentralisation des dépenses pourrait améliorer la performance fiscale du gouvernement central, mais seulement à des niveaux faibles de dépendance des transferts par les gouvernements sous-nationaux. Cependant, une plus grande autonomie en matière de recettes est préjudiciable à la fois à la performance du gouvernement central et à celle des gouvernements infranationaux. Néanmoins, le renforcement de la responsabilité des SNG et la prise en compte des relations fiscales verticales lors de la conception des réformes de décentralisation pourraient réduire le biais de déficit au niveau central et local. Le dernier essai étudie comment les déséquilibres budgétaires (verticaux et horizontaux) affectent les efforts de collecte des recettes fiscales par les gouvernements locaux kenyans. Les résultats montrent que les déséquilibres verticaux diminuent la part des recettes propres, ce qui confirme que des déséquilibres verticaux importants peuvent favoriser l'indiscipline budgétaire au niveau infranational en réduisant l'effort fiscal. Cependant, les gouvernements des comtés "plus pauvres" exercent un effort fiscal plus important
Fiscal policy is important for development financing, particularly in the context of limited fiscal space, as in many developing countries. This thesis studies the potential of fiscal policy as an asset to fund development. It explores four fundamental questions about the effectiveness of this political-economic tool and resource mobilization. The first essay analyses the impact of migrant remittances on non-resource tax revenues in remittance-recipient countries and how institutional stability modifies this relationship. The results show a positive association mainly through its effect on indirect taxes. Furthermore, institutional quality does not augment the remittance-taxation relationship, as this positive effect diminishes as institutions stabilize. The second essay studies macroeconomic convergence programs' contribution to fiscal convergence and fiscal sustainability of African Regional Economic Communities. Although there is no absolute fiscal convergence in public debt, revenue and expenditure, the log-t tests show conditional convergence. Furthermore, the subsequent analysis fails to validate the hypothesis that belonging to a monetary zone, which is perceived as the deepest form of integration, augments the response of fiscal policy to increasing public debt. The third essay examines the effects of expenditure decentralization and revenue autonomy on the fiscal performance of central government (CG) and subnational governments (SNGs). The results show that expenditure decentralization could enhance CG fiscal performance but only at low levels of transfer dependency by SNGs. However, higher revenue autonomy is detrimental to both central and subnational performance. Nevertheless, enhancing SNG accountability and taking into account the vertical fiscal relations when designing decentralization reforms could reduce the deficit bias at the central and local levels. The final essay investigates how fiscal imbalances (vertical and horizontal) affect tax revenue collection efforts in Kenyan local governments. The results show that vertical imbalances diminish the share of own-source revenues, confirming that large vertical imbalances may foster subnational fiscal indiscipline through a lower tax effort. However, "poorer" county governments exert a higher tax effort
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6

Ferraz, Bruna Alves. "Métodos computacionais de otimização /." Rio Claro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152486.

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Анотація:
Orientador: Suzete Maria Silva Afonso
Banca: Renata Zotin Gomes de Oliveira
Banca: Ligia Lais Femina
Resumo: Neste trabalho discutiremos alguns métodos clássicos para otimização irrestrita, a saber o Método de Cauchy e o Método de Newton, e analisaremos a convergência desses métodos. Veremos que o Método de Cauchy, que faz a cada iteração uma busca unidirecional na direção de máxima descida, ou seja, na direção oposta ao gradiente, tem convergência linear. O método de Newton, por outro lado, minimiza, em cada iteração, a aproximação quadrática da função objetivo. Nos métodos de busca unidirecional é preciso minimizar uma função a partir de um certo ponto, segundo uma direção dada, que é a direção de busca. Por essa razão, estudaremos o Método da Seção Áurea, que fornece uma minimização exata de uma função real de uma variável real
Abstract: In this work we will discuss some classic methods for unrestricted optimization, namely the Cauchy Method and Newton's Method, and we will analyze the convergence of those methods. We will see that the Cauchy Method, that realizes on each iteration a unidirectional search in the direction of maximum descent, that is, in the direction opposite to the gradient, has linear convergence. The Newton Method, on the other hand, minimizes, in each iteration, the quadratic approximation of the objective function. In unidirectional search methods, one must minimize a function from a certain point in a given direction, which is the search direction. For that reason, we will study the Golden Section Method, which provides the exact minimization of a real function of a real variable
Mestre
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7

Gamonar, Flavia Daniele Oliveira [UNESP]. "Planejamento e prototipagem de uma rede social de gastronomia convergente com programas de TV e mídias sociais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126446.

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Анотація:
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Este trabalho apresenta o processo de planejamento de uma rede social para o nicho da gastronomia, convergente com programas de TV, sites especializados e outras mídias sociais, a partir dda adoção da metodologia ágil para desenvolvimento de software Scrum. Como justificativa do trabalho, são apresentados dados sobre a valorização de temas gastronômicos no cenário contemporâneo, e sobre as tendências de uso de redes sociais no Brasil. Para a definição do escopo do projeto e das funcionalidades do produto, foram analisados programas de TV, sites especializados e canais de mídias sociais que tratam do tema. Como resultados, o trabalho apresenta o modelo de negócios concebido para o produto, um roadmap cronológico que define versões para seu lançamento no mercadoe um protótipo que demonstra o conceito e algumas funcionalidades dessa rede social.
This research presents the planning process of a niche social network about gastronomy convergent with TV shows, specialized sites and other social media, with the adoption of agile software development Scrum. As justification, presents data about the importance of gastronomic themes in the contemporary scene and on social networking usage trends in Brazil. To define the project scope and product features. TV programs, specialized websites and social media channels about the theme are analyzed. As results, presents the business model designed for the product, a chronological roadmap that defines versions to-market and a prototype that demostrates the concept and some features of the social network
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Gamonar, Flavia Daniele Oliveira. "Planejamento e prototipagem de uma rede social de gastronomia convergente com programas de TV e mídias sociais /." Bauru, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126446.

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Orientador: Francisco Rolfsen Belda
Banca: Denis Porto Reno
Banca: Élvio Gilberto da Silva
Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o processo de planejamento de uma rede social para o nicho da gastronomia, convergente com programas de TV, sites especializados e outras mídias sociais, a partir dda adoção da metodologia ágil para desenvolvimento de software Scrum. Como justificativa do trabalho, são apresentados dados sobre a valorização de temas gastronômicos no cenário contemporâneo, e sobre as tendências de uso de redes sociais no Brasil. Para a definição do escopo do projeto e das funcionalidades do produto, foram analisados programas de TV, sites especializados e canais de mídias sociais que tratam do tema. Como resultados, o trabalho apresenta o modelo de negócios concebido para o produto, um roadmap cronológico que define versões para seu lançamento no mercadoe um protótipo que demonstra o conceito e algumas funcionalidades dessa rede social.
Abstract: This research presents the planning process of a niche social network about gastronomy convergent with TV shows, specialized sites and other social media, with the adoption of agile software development Scrum. As justification, presents data about the importance of gastronomic themes in the contemporary scene and on social networking usage trends in Brazil. To define the project scope and product features. TV programs, specialized websites and social media channels about the theme are analyzed. As results, presents the business model designed for the product, a chronological roadmap that defines versions to-market and a prototype that demostrates the concept and some features of the social network
Mestre
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Sharma, Reetu. "Coordination of frontline workers for improving the health of children in Rajasthan (India) : a case study." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:04fb82a2-5291-4233-9b52-e9b2656b5170.

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All governments aim to ensure better health and nutrition to children. The Rajasthan state (India) has implemented a unique frontline coordination model where Accredited Health Social Activist (ASHA) Sahyoginis are expected to support two other frontline workers (FLWs) i.e. the Anganwadi Workers from the Integrated Child Development Services and the Auxiliary Nurse Midwives from the Health department to improve child health. This thesis focuses on examining the existing coordination between the three groups of FLWs in Rajasthan by exploring FLWs' participation in child immunisation and Vitamin A supplementation (two common activities), service coverage and beneficiary's' knowledge (expected outcomes), and the challenges faced and areas that need improvement for better frontline coordination. A mixed methods design was used. Sixteen villages from two blocks (tribal and non-tribal) of Udaipur district (Rajasthan) were selected using multistage purposive sampling. The formative stage included 12 FLWs' in-depth interviews (IDIs) as well as a review of FLWs' job descriptions to understand the process and government expectations on their participation in routine childhood immunisation, polio camps, routine Vitamin A supplementation and Vitamin A campaigns. The next stage included data collection from the 16 selected villages i.e. structured questionnaire survey of FLWs (46), observations of Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition Day (16), review of FLWs' immunisation and Vitamin A registers (32) and a structured questionnaire survey of registered infants' mothers (321)-all to ascertain the actual participation of FLWs in these four activities and the outcomes. IDIs with FLWs (46) and FLWs' line managers (17) were conducted to understand their experience, issues and solutions for better frontline coordination. The participation of FLWs in three of the four activities (except Polio Camps) was found to be limited. The FLWs and their line managers were also dissatisfied with coordination between FLWs. Poor outcomes also indicated unsatisfactory coordination. Overall, frontline participation and outcomes were better in tribal than non-tribal villages. A variety of factors (i.e. personal, professional, organisational, and geo-socio-cultural) appeared to affect coordination between FLWs. Appropriate recruitment, training, monitoring and supervision and rewards to the FLWs along with greater political commitment for coordinated approached and addressing intra-departmental challenges are proposed to improve frontline coordination and child health in Rajasthan.
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Malin, Sunna. "SVT i det nya mediesamhället : En kvalitativ studie om hur TV-programmen Gokväll, Mitt i naturen och Plus använder sociala medier." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-87573.

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The purpose of this essay is to examine how the editorial office to the TV-programs Gokväll,Mitt i naturen and Plus use social media. To achieve the purpose qualitative interviews wereconducted with three Web Editors, one for each program. This essay is based on theories onhow companies can and should work with social media from Andreas M. Kaplan andMichael Haenlin among other writers and scholars from Sweden. The convergence concepttheory with particular focus on media convergence and branding has also been applied in thestudy. The result of this study shows that the editorial office for the programs use socialmedia in varying extents and quality. Facebook is the most used social media channel andTwitter is used in a small extent. Two of the programs use Instagram as well and one of themhas developed their own application. The programs appear on the channel SVT which is partof public service in Sweden. With that come guidelines, which the programs need to follow.One of them is that they have to use at least three social media channels to avoid favoring ofone special brand or company. Two of the TV-programs are using Twitter even though theeditorial staff admits that they do not think their main audience is active on such socialmedias. This result shows that there is obviously a problem with the fact that they have to usethree social medias even though they do not really benefit by using all of them.
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Книги з теми "Programmes de convergence"

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Institute, West African Monetary, ed. Programmes for macroeconomic convergence in the West African Monetary Zone, 2003-2005. Accra Ghana: West African Monetary Institute, 2003.

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Treasury, HM. United Kingdom Convergence Programme. [London]: Treasury, 1997.

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Treasury, Great Britain, ed. United Kingdom Convergence Programme. London: The Treasury, 1998.

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Ireland. Department of Finance. Ireland--convergence programme 1997 to 1999. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1997.

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Milly, Buonanno, ed. Convergences: Eurofiction fourth report. Napoli: Liguori, 2002.

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Treasury, Great Britain. Convergence Programme for the United Kingdom: Submitted in line with the Stability and Growth Pact. London: HM Treasury, 2005.

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Treasury, Great Britain, ed. Convergence Programme for the United Kingdom: Submitted in line with the Stability and Growth Pact. London: HM Treasury, 2006.

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E, Wisler Carl, and American Evaluation Association, eds. Evaluation and auditing: Prospects for convergence. San Francisco, Calif: Jossey-Bass Pub., 1996.

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Mali. Direction nationale de la statistique et de l'informatique. and Mali. Comité national de politique économique., eds. Programme pluriannuel de convergence, de stabilité, de croissance et de solidarité (2007-2009). Bamako: Ministère du plan et de l'aménagement du territoire, Direction nationale de la statistique et de l'informatique [et] Comité national de politique économique, 2006.

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Patel, Tapan. Convergence of watershed development programme & MGNREGA to ensure drinking water security: Where do we stand? Ahmedabad: Development Support Centre, 2011.

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Частини книг з теми "Programmes de convergence"

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Fischer, Jonas, and Gabriele Giudice. "The Stability and Convergence Programmes." In The Stability and Growth Pact, 158–82. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230629264_7.

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Majid, Ishfaq, and Y. Vijaya Lakshmi. "An Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Initiatives and Programmes in India." In Convergence of Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Internet of Things, 281–92. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003355960-19.

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Cora, Zoltán. "Johan Béla és a modern magyar közegészségügy kiépítése." In Fontes et Libri, 23–44. Szeged, Hungary: Szegedi Tudományegyetem, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/btk.2023.sje.3.

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The relationship between the Horthy era (1920–1944) and the communist era shows continuities if it is examined from a social historical perspective. The paper contributes to the reinterpretation of these relations by looking at Hungarian health care in the 1930s and 1940s with a focus on the relationship between international transfers and path dependency in forging health care reforms. I argue that the achievements communists regarded as inventions of socialism in health care and the welfare state had already been developed thoroughly in the 1930s and 1940s. It was only because of the strict wartime budget of the early 1940s that these welfare reforms had not been realised. With the help of internal affairs documents, essays on health care, and official statistics records in the National Archives of Hungary and the Semmelweis Library and Archives of Medical History in Budapest as well as press material, I demonstrate that, even if communists depicted the interwar period as “fascist and imperialist”, the health care system of the so-called “productive social policy” showed continuities. Moreover, social policy makers of the 1930s and early 1940s, such as Béla Johan, Ferenc Keresztes-Fischer and Béla Kovrig, also designed welfare and health care reforms for the post-war period by both developing already existing Hungarian programmes and selectively adapting foreign welfare models (American management principles, the Alsace scheme, and the Beveridge Plan). The study investigates Hungarian health care in view of the theory of path dependency and the macrohistorical convergence thesis developed by Béla Tomka (on the question of East-West convergence). It is within this framework that the paper addresses the issue of health care transfers to better understand the development of 20th -century European health care systems by identifying similarities and differences in their development as well as to speculate on the trajectory of various political solutions to social challenges, including health care.
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Dutta, Saikat, Zixin Huang, and Sasa Misailovic. "SixthSense: Debugging Convergence Problems in Probabilistic Programs via Program Representation Learning." In Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, 123–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99429-7_7.

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AbstractProbabilistic programming aims to open the power of Bayesian reasoning to software developers and scientists, but identification of problems during inference and debugging are left entirely to the developers and typically require significant statistical expertise. A common class of problems when writing probabilistic programs is the lack of convergence of the probabilistic programs to their posterior distributions.We present SixthSense, a novel approach for predicting probabilistic program convergence ahead of run and its application to debugging convergence problems in probabilistic programs. SixthSense’s training algorithm learns a classifier that can predict whether a previously unseen probabilistic program will converge. It encodes the syntax of a probabilistic program as motifs – fragments of the syntactic program paths. The decisions of the classifier are interpretable and can be used to suggest the program features that contributed significantly to program convergence or non-convergence. We also present an algorithm for augmenting a set of training probabilistic programs that uses guided mutation.We evaluated SixthSense on a broad range of widely used probabilistic programs. Our results show that SixthSense features are effective in predicting convergence of programs for given inference algorithms. SixthSense obtained Accuracy of over 78% for predicting convergence, substantially above the state-of-the-art techniques for predicting program properties Code2Vec and Code2Seq. We show the ability of SixthSense to guide the debugging of convergence problems, which pinpoints the causes of non-convergence significantly better by Stan’s built-in warnings.
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O'Hea, Kieran. "The Future of Content: Towards a 5th Framework Programme in Multimedia Content & Tools." In Digital Convergence: The Information Revolution, 13–25. London: Springer London, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0863-4_2.

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Mobasser, Supannika K. "Agile Fit Check Framework for Government Acquisition Programs." In Disciplinary Convergence in Systems Engineering Research, 1005–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62217-0_70.

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Szypulewska-Porczyńska, Alina Dorota. "The emergency measures underpinning Poland's Convergence Programme 2020." In The Economic and Legal Impact of Covid-19, 126–42. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003144434-9.

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Pugh, William, Evan Rosser, and Tatiana Shpeisman. "Exploiting monotone convergence functions in parallel programs." In Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing, 75–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0017246.

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Engelhardt, Richard A., and Pernille Askerud. "Methodological Convergence: Documentary Heritage and the International Framework for Cultural Heritage Protection." In The UNESCO Memory of the World Programme, 111–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18441-4_8.

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Patriksson, Michael. "Convergence of the CA algorithm for nonlinear programs." In Nonlinear Programming and Variational Inequality Problems, 135–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2991-7_5.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Programmes de convergence"

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Kang, Ki-Sig, Claude Russell Clark, and Poong Eil Juhn. "Integrated Plant Life Cycle Management: The IAEA Contribution." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-2154.

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For the past couple of decades there has been a change of emphasis in the world nuclear power from that of building new Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) to that of taking measures to optimize the life cycle of operational plants. National approaches in many countries showed an increase of interest in Plant Life Management (PLIM), both in terms of plant service life assurance and in optimizing the service or operational life of NPP. A strong convergence of views is emerging from different National approaches, particularly in the area of the economic aspects of NPP operation and in the evolution in the scope of NPP PLIM. The latter can directly affect the cost of electricity from NPP in an increasingly competitive environment. The safety considerations of a NPP are paramount and those requirements have to be met to obtain and to extend/renew the operating license. To achieve the goal of the long term safe, economic and reliable operation of the plant an Integrated Life Cycle Management Programme (ILCMP) is necessary. Some countries already have advanced PLIM Programmes while others still have none. The ILCMP objective is to identify all that factors and requirements for the overall plant life cycle. The optimization of these requirements would allow for the minimum period of the investment return and maximum of the revenue from the sell of the produced electricity. Recognizing the importance of this issue and in response to the requests of the Member States the IAEA Division of Nuclear Power implements the Sub-programme on “Engineering and Management Support for Competitive Nuclear Power”. Four projects within this sub-programme deal with different aspects of the NPP life cycle management with the aim to increase the capabilities of interested Member States in implementing and maintenance of the competitive and sustainable nuclear power. Although all four projects contain certain issues of PLIM there is one specific project on guidance on engineering and management practices for optimization of NPP service life including decommissioning. This particular project deals with different specific issues of NPP life management including aspects of ageing phenomena and their monitoring, issues of control and instrumentation, maintenance and operation issues, economic evaluation of NPP life cycle management including guidance on its earlier shut down and decommissioning. The paper describes in detail the full scope IAEA activities on different issues of NPP life management and some of its achievements in this field during the nearest past as well as plans for the future.
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Kammerer, Susanne. "Diet and exercise programme: a successful OA strategy in a community-based setting." In ACR Convergence 2022, edited by Rachel Giles. Baarn, the Netherlands: Medicom Medical Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55788/147579e3.

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Cheville, R. Alan, Robert Nickel, Stewart Thomas, Rebecca Thomams, and Michael S. Thompson. "Systemic Convergence Education in Undergraduate ECE Programs." In 2021 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fie49875.2021.9637483.

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Ying, Kexing, and Rémy Degenne. "A Formalization of Doob’s Martingale Convergence Theorems in mathlib." In CPP '23: 12th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Certified Programs and Proofs. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3573105.3575675.

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Coutinho, Jose G. F., Wayne W. Luk, and Markus Weinhardt. "Optimizing Parallel Programs for Hardware Implementation." In ITCom 2002: The Convergence of Information Technologies and Communications, edited by John Schewel, Philip B. James-Roxby, Herman H. Schmit, and John T. McHenry. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.455467.

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Vajjha, Koundinya, Avraham Shinnar, Barry Trager, Vasily Pestun, and Nathan Fulton. "CertRL: formalizing convergence proofs for value and policy iteration in Coq." In CPP '21: 10th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Certified Programs and Proofs. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3437992.3439927.

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Langer, Akhil, and Udatta Palekar. "Split-and-Merge Method for Accelerating Convergence of Stochastic Linear Programs." In International Conference on Operations Research and Enterprise Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005287902180223.

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Balodis, Rihards, and Inara Opmane. "Computing and communication convergence reflection to legislation system and higher education programs." In 2017 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictc.2017.8190969.

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Havelková, Eva, and Iveta Hnětynková. "Residual norm behavior for Hybrid LSQR regularization." In Programs and Algorithms of Numerical Mathematics 21. Institute of Mathematics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/panm.2022.07.

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Hybrid LSQR represents a powerful method for regularization of large-scale discrete inverse problems, where ill-conditioning of the model matrix and ill-posedness of the problem make the solutions seriously sensitive to the unknown noise in the data. Hybrid LSQR combines the iterative Golub-Kahan bidiagonalization with the Tikhonov regularization of the projected problem. While the behavior of the residual norm for the pure LSQR is well understood and can be used to construct a stopping criterion, this is not the case for the hybrid method. Here we analyze the behavior of norms of approximate solutions and the corresponding residuals in Hybrid LSQR with respect to the Tikhonov regularization parameter. This helps to understand convergence properties of the hybrid approach. Numerical experiments demonstrate the results in finite precision arithmetic.
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Baek, Nakhoon, and Byeonguk Im. "Providing Preliminary Profiling Information for OpenGL ES 1.1 Application Programs." In 2015 5th International Conference on IT Convergence and Security (ICITCS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icitcs.2015.7293011.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Programmes de convergence"

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Kwon, Yumi, and Sook Jin Kim. Study on Development of Convergence Subjects for Software Education in Fashion Design: Convergence Education of Western Costume History and 3D Virtual Costume Programs. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1698.

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Riquier, Marie. Improving the Prospects for Peace in South Sudan: Spotlight on Measurement. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/czjs5771.

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A convergence of entrenched insecurity and climate change is having serious socio-economic implications in South Sudan where humanitarian conditions, including food insecurity, continue to deteriorate. In 2022, 8.9 million people were in need of humanitarian assistance, out of a population of 11 million. In 2022, the World Food Programme (WFP) provided food assistance to nearly 6 million people. This food assistance has direct and indirect impacts on peace and conflict dynamics. This has led the WFP country office to ramp up its peace ambition in South Sudan. This report presents the findings of the measurement deep dive, which explores how current monitoring systems, internal processes and data can be adapted to capture WFP’s contribution to improving the prospects for peace in South Sudan. The findings are based on a desk review of programme documents, in-depth interviews and field-based research in the capital Juba and Bor (Jonglei State capital). The report offers 11 recommendations on how WFP South Sudan can leverage existing processes and continue to adapt its monitoring systems to overcome some of the challenges ascribed to monitoring, assessing and measuring contributions to peace in conflict-affected locations.
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Abdullah, Hannah, Karim Elgendy, and Hanne Knaepen. Climate Resilience in Cities of the EU’s Southern Neighbourhood: Opportunities for the EU Green Deal. The Royal Institute of International Affairs, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc016.

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Cities in the Middle East and North Africa are already suffering the effects of climate change. Weak urban regulation, ineffective climate policies, limited decentralization and insufficient empowerment of local authorities and civil society further decrease urban resilience. Future climate scenarios and projected urban growth threaten the stability of the region; with potential negative knock-on effects on Europe. This CASCADES Spotlight Study examines climate vulnerabilities in urban areas in countries to the south of the EU and the wider Middle East and North Africa region and advocates for systemic approaches to addressing urban climate resilience by strengthening the water-energy-food nexus, as well as other enabling factors such as decentralization. It concludes with recommendations on how the European Green Deal can help cities in the region adapt to climate impacts, based on a water-energy-food nexus approach. Over the past two decades, the European Commission has stepped up its support for urban climate action and resilience. An increasing number of programmes financed under the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) South have addressed urban climate resilience in response to the region’s rapid urbanization and the high climate vulnerability of cities. The number of urban dwellers in the wider Middle East and North Africa region is estimated to reach 527 million in 2050, an increase of 72% compared to 2020. At the same time, climate impacts – including both slow onset changes and sudden disasters – are putting additional stress on urban infrastructure. This stress is aggravated by weak urban regulations that have created unsustainable development trends which undermine the potential benefits of urbanization and adversely affect urban climate resilience. The prevalence of highly centralized administrative systems and incomplete decentralization reforms hamper local capacity building and decision-making, which are prerequisites for effective adaptation and resilience. At the same time, climate impacts – including both slow onset changes and sudden disasters – are putting additional stress on urban infrastructure. This stress is aggravated by weak urban regulations that have created unsustainable development trends which undermine the potential benefits of urbanization and adversely affect urban climate resilience. The prevalence of highly centralized administrative systems and incomplete decentralization reforms hamper local capacity building and decision-making, which are prerequisites for effective adaptation and resilience. The convergence of the region’s harsh climatic conditions with rapid, unsustainable urbanization and the associated socio-economic burdens can exacerbate existing political instability, conflict-induced migration and poverty. These developments could cascade into the EU, altering security, trade and diplomatic relations with the Southern Neighbourhood. The EU’s evolving approach to working with local authorities on urban infrastructure and climate governance is a first step towards addressing the region’s intertwined urban and climate crises. However, this approach is still in the early stages and there is a need to reflect on lessons learned and how urban spaces, climates and governance are evolving in the region. This study suggests that the EU’s overwhelming focus on supporting cities in the region with energy efficiency and the transition to sustainable energy systems is not enough to strengthen urban climate resilience. In cities of the Southern Neighbourhood, which typically struggle with resource management and scarcity, climate resilience will increasingly depend on local capacities to formulate and implement nexus approaches, especially in the water, energy and food sectors. Based on case studies of three small and intermediary urban areas, the study advocates for a systemic approach to addressing urban climate resilience in Southern Neighbourhood cities. Considering the established effectiveness of applying a water-energy-food nexus approach to improving climate resilience, the paper stresses the need for local governments to explore nexus opportunities between the water, energy and food sectors in order to achieve resilient and sustainable urbanism, while also highlighting other enabling factors such as decentralization. It concludes by exploring how future external action around the European Green Deal and its ambitions for systemic transformation could benefit from stepping up cooperation with cities in the Southern Neighbourhood around the water-energy-food nexus.
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Siercke, Maj, Sanne Pagh Moller, Lau Caspar Thygesen, Henrik Sillesen, and Dorthe Overgaard. Improving Rehabilitation for Patients with Intermittent Claudication: A Randomized Controlled Trial with a Mixed-Methods Evaluation (The CIPIC Rehab Study). Science Repository, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.jicoa.2021.04.01.sup.

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Aim: This study aimed to explore how qualitative data about rehabilitation for patients with intermittent claudication do provide an enhanced understanding of the quantitative experimental results. Background: The study was a randomized clinical trial comparing a rehabilitation intervention with usual care. A statistically significant difference between rehabilitation and usual care was found in walking distance, physical activity, quality of life and diet. The findings from the quantitative and qualitative analyses were analysed separately on their own tradition. In this study, mixed methods address whether the qualitative results could help explain the quantitative results and bring forward additional information. Design: Complex mixed-method intervention design with a convergent questionnaire variant. Methods: From April 2017- May 2019, patients diagnosed with intermittent claudication were included in a randomized clinical trial (N=118). In addition, qualitative interview informants from the intervention group were sampled from the quantitative study population for a survey (N=43) and focus group interviews (N=10). Interviews were conducted from April 2018-August 2019. Results: Integrated analyses identified how improvement in walking distance, physical activity, diet and quality of life was affected by team spirit, pedometer, education and fun exercise in a local setting. Quantitative and qualitative findings primarily confirmed and expanded each other; however, two discordant results were also evident. Conclusion: Our study adds empirical evidence regarding how a mixed-methods study can be used to obtain a more nuanced understanding of complex healthcare problems. The study provides new knowledge concerning how to set up a rehabilitation programme for patients with intermittent claudication.
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Ayuda para el Comercio y el Proyecto Mesoamérica. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006111.

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El Proyecto Mesoamérica es la herramienta operativa a cargo de la ejecución de programas y proyectos específicos, promueve el desarrollo, el financiamiento y la implementación de proyectos vinculados a la infraestructura regional, la conectividad y el desarrollo social. El BID ha apoyado el proyecto desde sus inicios y actúa como catalizador de los recursos financieros y de conocimiento técnico necesarios para implementar los proyectos. El Proyecto Mesoamérica también ayudará a promover la convergencia de los Acuerdos de Libre Comercio suscritos por los países de la región. Asimismo, facilita y promueve el proceso de integración y desarrollo en los países mesoamericanos: Belice, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, Panamá y República Dominicana.
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